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Alhindawi M, Rhouati A, Noordin R, Cialla-May D, Popp J, Zourob M. Selection of ssDNA aptamers and construction of aptameric electrochemical biosensor for the detection of Giardia intestinalis trophozoite protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131509. [PMID: 38608978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is one of the most widespread intestinal parasites and is considered a major cause of epidemic or sporadic diarrhea worldwide. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid aptameric diagnostic technique for G. intestinalis infection. First, the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) process generated DNA aptamers specific to a recombinant protein of the parasite's trophozoite. Ten selection rounds were performed; each round, the DNA library was incubated with the target protein conjugated to Sepharose beads. Then, the unbound sequences were removed by washing and the specific sequences were eluted and amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Two aptamers were selected, and the dissociation constants (Kd), were determined as 2.45 and 16.95 nM, showed their high affinity for the G. intestinalis trophozoite protein. Subsequently, the aptamer sequence T1, which exhibited better affinity, was employed to develop a label-free electrochemical biosensor. A thiolated aptamer was covalently immobilized onto a gold screen-printed electrode (SPGE), and the binding of the targeted protein was monitored using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The developed aptasensor enabled accurate detection of the G. intestinalis recombinant protein within the range of 0.1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with an excellent sensitivity (LOD of 0.35 pg/mL). Moreover, selectivity studies showed a negligible cross-reactivity toward other proteins such as bovine serum albumin, globulin, and G. intestinalis cyst protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alhindawi
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11355, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Rhouati
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11355, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11355, Saudi Arabia.
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Wong MTJ, Anuar NS, Noordin R, Tye GJ. Generation of IgG antibodies against Strongyloides stercoralis in mice via immunization with recombinant antigens A133 and Ss-IR. Acta Trop 2024; 251:107122. [PMID: 38246399 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis, caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, remains a threat to global public health, and a vaccine would be useful to control the disease, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant proteins, A133 and Ss-IR, as potential vaccine candidates against strongyloidiasis by investigating the humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice. Respective antigens were adjuvanted with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (prime) and Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (boost) and administered intraperitoneally (prime) and subcutaneously (boost) to female BALB/c mice. For antigen-only doses, only antigens were injected without adjuvants. Altogether, 1 prime dose, 4 booster doses, and 2 antigen-only doses were administered successively. ELISAs were conducted to assess the antibody responses, along with flow cytometry and cytokine ELISA to elucidate the cellular immune responses. Results showed that A133 and Ss-IR induced the production of IgG1 and IgG2a, with A133 generating more robust IgG2a responses than Ss-IR. Flow cytometry findings indicated that effector CD8+T-cells and memory B-cells activity were upregulated significantly for A133 only, whereas cytokine ELISA demonstrated that a Th1/Th2/Th17 mixed cell responses were triggered upon vaccination with either antigen. This preliminary study illustrated the good potential of recombinant A133 and Ss-IR as vaccine candidates against S. stercoralis. It provided information on the probable immune mechanism involved in host defence and the elicitation of protection against S. stercoralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tze Jian Wong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Wongphutorn P, Noordin R, Anuar NS, Worasith C, Kopolrat KY, Homwong C, Tippayawat P, Techasen A, Pitaksakurat O, Sithithaworn J, Eamudomkarn C, Sithithaworn P. Examination of Diagnostic Performance of New IgG4 Rapid Test Compared with IgG- and IgG4-ELISAs to Investigate Epidemiology of Strongyloidiasis in Northeast Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:254-262. [PMID: 38190756 PMCID: PMC10859814 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution. The infection can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals, and accurate diagnosis leading to timely treatment can save lives. Serodiagnosis is a sensitive method for diagnosis and is recommended for screening high-risk individuals. A point-of-care rapid test will facilitate the screening activities, especially in low-resource settings. This study aims to apply a new IgG4 immunochromatographic test using S. stercoralis recombinant antigen (SsRapid® cassette test) and to compare it with in-house IgG and IgG4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (IgG- and IgG4-ELISAs) using native Strongyloides ratti antigen to investigate the epidemiology of strongyloidiasis in northeast Thailand. A total of 300 people participated, with 136 males and 164 females of a similar mean age. The reference tests were fecal examinations using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique and an agar plate culture technique. The prevalence of S. stercoralis determined by SsRapid (81.7%) was significantly higher than that by fecal examinations (43.3%) or by antibody detection by IgG-ELISA (53.0%) or IgG4-ELISA (44.0%). The diagnostic sensitivities of SsRapid, IgG-ELISA, and IgG4-ELISA were found to be 93.9%, 77.7%, and 63.1%, respectively. The rate of positive tests by the SsRapid was significantly correlated to the levels of Strongyloides-specific IgG4 and IgG antibodies. By all diagnostic methods, male participants had a significantly higher prevalence of strongyloidiasis than females. Age was significantly associated with the concentration of specific serum IgG but not with the SsRapid grading score. In conclusion, SsRapid was shown to be a sensitive and valuable diagnostic test for the epidemiology study of strongyloidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chanika Worasith
- Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Y. Kopolrat
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Chutima Homwong
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Anchalee Techasen
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Opal Pitaksakurat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Chatanun Eamudomkarn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Wong MTJ, Anuar NS, Noordin R, Tye GJ. Soil-transmitted helminthic vaccines: Where are we now? Acta Trop 2023; 239:106796. [PMID: 36586174 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been tested and proven that vaccination is still the best strategy to combat infectious diseases. However, to date, there are still no vaccines against human soil-transmitted helminthic diseases, despite their high prevalence globally, particularly in developing countries and rural areas with tropical climates and poor sanitation. The development of vaccines against helminths is riddled with obstacles. Helminths have a complex life cycle, multiple stages within the same host with stage-specific antigen expression, and the ability to regulate host immune reactions to evade the immune response. These elements contribute to the main challenge of helminthic vaccines: the identification of effective vaccine candidates. Therefore, this article reviews the current progress and potential future direction of soil-transmitted helminthic vaccines, particularly against Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. The study design employed was a systematic review, using qualitative meta-summary synthesis. Preclinical studies and clinical trials on the development of protein subunit vaccines against the five soil-transmitted helminths were searched on PubMed and Scopus. Effectiveness was indicated by a reduction in worm burden or larval output, an increase in specific IgG levels, or an increase in cytokine production. Our findings show that only the hookworm vaccine against N. americanus is in the clinical trial phase, while the rest is still in exploratory research and pre-clinical development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tze Jian Wong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Anuar NS, Rahumatullah A, Samsudin N, Mohamed Z, Osman E, Zakaria NZ, Ahmad H, Noordin R. Performance Assessment of a Lateral Flow Rapid Test (SsRapid®) Compared with Two Commercial ELISAs in Detecting Strongyloides Infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 600 million people worldwide are infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. Many diagnostic laboratories use serology to detect the infection. SsRapid® is a prototype IgG4 lateral flow test based on NIE recombinant protein. We compared SsRapid with two commercial IgG-ELISAs (Bordier and Euroimmun) using five sera groups (G1–5, N = 170). Healthy individuals from nonendemic areas (G1, N = 33) and Strongyloides larvae-positive patients (G2, N = 20) showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the three assays. The group of other parasitic infections (G3) showed that SsRapid results were more concordant with Bordier ELISA (73%, 35/48) than Euroimmun ELISA (65%, 31/48). In corticosteroid-treated cancer patients who were polymerase chain reaction–positive for Strongyloides (G4, N = 25), SsRapid showed a higher detection rate (28%, 7/25) than both ELISAs (4%, 1/25). Meanwhile, SsRapid showed significantly less infection prevalence among the endemic area population (G5) than the ELISAs. Overall, SsRapid showed good performance in detecting Strongyloides infection compared with the commercial IgG-ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Anizah Rahumatullah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norashikin Samsudin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Emelia Osman
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nik Zairi Zakaria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hussain Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Lai WY, Wong Z, Chang CH, Samian MR, Watanabe N, Teh AH, Noordin R, Ong EBB. Identifying Leptospira interrogans putative virulence factors with a yeast protein expression screen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6567-6581. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Saidin S, Yunus MH, Zakaria ND, Razak KA, Huat LB, Othman N, Noordin R. Retraction Note: Production of recombinant Entamoeba histolyticapyruvate phosphate dikinase and its application in a lateral flow dipstick test for amoebic liver abscess. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:729. [PMID: 36076156 PMCID: PMC9461230 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Syazwan Saidin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Dyana Zakaria
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairunisak Abdul Razak
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300, Penang, Malaysia.,NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lim Boon Huat
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhasanah Othman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Tokijoh NI, Bakar AA, Othman N, Noordin R, Saidin S. Assessing the prevalence and risk factors associated with Entamoeba complex infection among the Orang Asli school children in Perak, Malaysia through molecular approach. Parasitol Int 2022; 91:102638. [PMID: 35926695 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study performed a cross-sectional investigation on the prevalence of Entamoeba complex infection comprising Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii and their associated risk factors among the Orang Asli school children in three districts in Perak, Malaysia. Stool samples collected from 544 school children aged between 7 and 12 years old were examined through the nested multiplex PCR assay. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses were then carried out to determine the risk factor associated with Entamoeba complex infection. The overall prevalence of Entamoeba complex infections (E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii) was 21.3% (116/544). Most positive school children were infected with E. moshkovskii (10.7%; 58/544), followed by E. dispar (9.0%; 49/544) and E. histolytica (5.0%; 27/544). Not washing their hands after using the toilet was identified as the only significant risk factor for E. histolytica. The significant risk factors associated with E. moshkovskii infection included children within the age of 10-12 years old, with high BMI, living with working and non-educated mothers, no toilet in the house, not washing their hands after using the toilet, and fever. On the other hand, drinking water from the river, well, and rain was associated with a decreased risk of E. dispar infection. In conclusion, this study showed a high prevalence of Entamoeba spp. infections among the Orang Asli school children in Perak, Malaysia. Addressing the identified risk factors coupled with a holistic approach in breaking the transmission of Entamoeba complex can help improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Insyirah Tokijoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Adibah Abu Bakar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Nurulhasanah Othman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Syazwan Saidin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
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Osman E, Amin NA, Noon TPM, Lahat SNH, Rosli MS, Sham SF, Periyasamy PR, Ghazali N, Manap SNAA, Noordin R. Comparison of Two Serological Assays in Detecting Strongyloides Infection in Immunocompromised Patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:tpmd220076. [PMID: 35895335 PMCID: PMC9490643 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides infection may develop into fatal hyperinfection and dissemination syndrome in immunocompromised hosts. Despite suboptimal specificity issues, the detection of IgG antibodies by ELISA has been central in the serodiagnosis of Strongyloides infection. Recently, an IgG4-based lateral-flow test (SsRapid) using recombinant NIE (rNIE) protein with good diagnostic performance has been reported. This study assessed the result concordance between a commercial IgG-ELISA and the SsRapid. Additionally, we determined the Strongyloides seroprevalence and its association with clinical manifestations. Immunocompromised patients (N = 200) were from Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, hematological malignancy, and solid organ cancers. Their plasma samples were tested using a commercial IgG-ELISA and SsRapid. A fair concordance (κ = 0.27-0.33; P < 0.05) among the tests was demonstrated. The SsRapid exhibited a significantly higher (P < 0.05) seroprevalence (10.5% [21/200]) compared with IgG-ELISA (7.5% [15/200]). After adsorption with rNIE, all SsRapid-positive samples tested negative with the rapid test, thus showing binding specificity. There was no significant association with clinical manifestations. This study revealed that SsRapid is a useful diagnostic tool for Strongyloides infection, and there is a notable seroprevalence among the immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelia Osman
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azma Amin
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur Institute of Medical Science Technology Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thieeraporn Phraseart Ma Noon
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nuratiqah Hanani Lahat
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syairazi Rosli
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shazia Farhana Sham
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nuraffini Ghazali
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Azreen Abd Manap
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
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Tamarozzi F, Longoni SS, Mazzi C, Rizzi E, Noordin R, Buonfrate D. The accuracy of a recombinant antigen immunochromatographic test for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:142. [PMID: 35461265 PMCID: PMC9034504 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strongyloidiasis, a nematode infection which is mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis in humans, can lead to a fatal syndrome in immunocompromised individuals. Its diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of a diagnostic gold standard. The infection is highly prevalent in migrants from endemic countries in tropical and subtropical areas, and a rapid diagnostic test would be helpful for screening purposes. The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of a novel immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection. Methods A single-centre diagnostic accuracy study was undertaken using well-characterized frozen sera available from the biobank of a referral hospital for parasitic diseases in Italy. The included sera were from migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, and matching results were available for agar plate culture and/or polymerase chain reaction for S. stercoralis; moreover, the results of both a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test and an in-house immunofluorescence test for strongyloidiasis were made available. Laboratory staff who read the ICT results were blinded as regards the results of the other tests. Two readers independently read the ICT, and a third one was involved when results were discrepant. The accuracy of the ICT was assessed both against the results of the panel of faecal tests and by latent class analysis (LCA). Results Agreement between the readers was excellent [Cohen’s κ = 92.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 88.3–97.1%]. When assessed against the results of the faecal tests, the sensitivity and specificity of the ICT were 82.4% (95% CI 75.7–89.0%) and 73.8% (95% CI 66.8–80.9%), respectively. According to the LCA, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.3% (95% CI 80.1–92.5%) and 73.9% (95% CI 67.0–80.8%), respectively. Conclusions The results of the ICT demonstrated ease of interpretation. The accuracy proved good, though the sensitivity might be further improved for screening purposes. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05249-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Stefania Longoni
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzi
- Clinical Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Dora Buonfrate
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024, Negrar, Verona, Italy.
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Maisarah A, Mohamad S, Husain M, Abdullah S, Noordin R. Association between infection with Toxoplasma gondii and psychiatric disorders. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022; 69. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2022.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Noordin R, Osman E, Kalantari N, Anuar NS, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Sithithaworn P, Juri NM, Rahumatullah A. A point-of-care cassette test for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106251. [PMID: 34808116 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite that causes strongyloidiasis worldwide. It may lead to a life-long infection in immunocompetent people and hyperinfection in immunosuppressed patients. A point-of-care (POC) rapid test is helpful for patient diagnosis in resource-limited settings and as a detection tool in elimination/control programs. Previously, we reported a rapid IgG4 dipstick test (Ss Rapid®) for Strongyloides suitable for a laboratory setting. A POC cassette format of the test, which is field-applicable, has since been developed. Here, we report on a laboratory-based evaluation of the Ss Rapid® cas sette test on 285 sera. We assessed the diagnostic sensitivity of the Ss Rapid® cas sette with 32 sera, comprising samples from larval and/or DNA positive individuals from three countries. Additionally, we also tested samples from 33 seropositive endemic areas residents. We evaluated the diagnostic specificity of the test using 220 samples, comprising sera from other infections (n = 101), allergy cases with high IgE antibodies (n = 4), and blood donors (n = 115). The test showed high diagnostic sensitivity (97%, 31/32), and all sera of the seropositive endemic residents were reactive. It also showed high diagnostic specificity (94.5%, 208/220), and all false-positive samples tested negative after sera adsorption using recombinant NIE-coated microsphere beads. Additionally, we showed that the test worked with spiked whole blood samples. The study results showed that the SsRapid® cas sette test merits further laboratory and field evaluations.
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13
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Won KY, Gass K, Biamonte M, Dagne DA, Ducker C, Hanna C, Hoerauf A, Lammie PJ, Njenga SM, Noordin R, Ramaiah KD, Ramzy R, Scholte RGC, Solomon AW, Souza AA, Tappero J, Toubali E, Weil GJ, Williams SA, King JD. Diagnostics to support elimination of lymphatic filariasis-Development of two target product profiles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009968. [PMID: 34780503 PMCID: PMC8629375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As lymphatic filariasis (LF) programs move closer to established targets for validation elimination of LF as a public health problem, diagnostic tools capable of supporting the needs of the programs are critical for success. Known limitations of existing diagnostic tools make it challenging to have confidence that program endpoints have been achieved. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a Diagnostic Technical Advisory Group (DTAG) for Neglected Tropical Diseases tasked with prioritizing diagnostic needs including defining use-cases and target product profiles (TPPs) for needed tools. Subsequently, disease-specific DTAG subgroups, including one focused on LF, were established to develop TPPs and use-case analyses to be used by product developers. Here, we describe the development of two priority TPPs for LF diagnostics needed for making decisions for stopping mass drug administration (MDA) of a triple drug regimen and surveillance. Utilizing the WHO core TPP development process as the framework, the LF subgroup convened to discuss and determine attributes required for each use case. TPPs considered the following parameters: product use, design, performance, product configuration and cost, and access and equity. Version 1.0 TPPs for two use cases were published by WHO on 12 March 2021 within the WHO Global Observatory on Health Research and Development. A common TPP characteristic that emerged in both use cases was the need to identify new biomarkers that would allow for greater precision in program delivery. As LF diagnostic tests are rarely used for individual clinical diagnosis, it became apparent that reliance on population-based surveys for decision making requires consideration of test performance in the context of such surveys. In low prevalence settings, the number of false positive test results may lead to unnecessary continuation or resumption of MDA, thus wasting valuable resources and time. Therefore, highly specific diagnostic tools are paramount when used to measure low thresholds. The TPP process brought to the forefront the importance of linking use case, program platform and diagnostic performance characteristics when defining required criteria for diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Y. Won
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katherine Gass
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marco Biamonte
- Drugs & Diagnostics for Tropical Diseases, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Argaw Dagne
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Ducker
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Hanna
- Global Project Partners, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick J. Lammie
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sammy M. Njenga
- Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Reda Ramzy
- National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ronaldo G. Carvalho Scholte
- Neglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Anthony W. Solomon
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ashley A. Souza
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jordan Tappero
- Global Health, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Emily Toubali
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Division, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Gary J. Weil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. King
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Berizi M, Babaie J, Fard-Esfahani P, Enshaeieh M, Noordin R, Saadatnia G, Golkar M. Development of a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Brain Samples. Iran J Parasitol 2021; 16:621-630. [PMID: 35082891 PMCID: PMC8710198 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i4.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide-distributed infection that can cause serious diseases, mainly in congenitally infected and immunodeficient individuals. PCR assays play an indispensable role in the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in different biological samples. METHODS This study was conducted in the Parasitology Department at Pasteur Institute of Iran (Tehran) during 2016-2018. We designed a highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) targeted REP-529, a noncoding repetitive DNA. We cloned the amplicon in a plasmid (pTZREP-529) and used it to generate the standard curve. The Toxoplasma RT-qPCR characteristics, i.e., detection limit, specificity, linear dynamic range, linearity, intra-, and inter-assay precisions, were determined. The detection limit of the assay was one plasmid copy number (PCN) per reaction (about 0.004 T. gondii genome), and the linear dynamic range was equal to 6 logs (1× 101 to 1× 107 PCN per reaction). RESULTS The assay showed no signal when genomic DNA of Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania major, and Trichomonas vaginallis were used. The standard curve was drawn using dilutions of pTZREP-529 plasmid spiked with genomic DNA from a mouse brain, and test characteristics were shown unaffected. Applying the Toxoplasma RT-qPCR, we showed brain cysts were significantly decreased in mice vaccinated with GRA2 antigen of Toxoplasma formulated in Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL) adjuvant. CONCLUSION We have developed a quantitative, specific, and highly sensitive PCR for detecting T. gondii in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Berizi
- Department of Parasitology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Babaie
- Department of Parasitology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Enshaeieh
- Department of Parasitology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Geita Saadatnia
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Golkar
- Department of Parasitology, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Balachandra D, Rahumatullah A, Lim TS, Mustafa FH, Ahmad H, Anuar NS, Noordin R. A new antigen detection ELISA for the diagnosis of Strongyloides infection. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105986. [PMID: 34058161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Serodiagnosis is an essential component of the laboratory diagnosis of Strongyloides infection and is usually performed using an indirect IgG antibody test. A direct antigen detection method can complement the IgG assay, particularly for detecting early infection and post-treatment follow-up. In the present study, a recombinant scFv monoclonal antibody against NIE recombinant protein (rMAb23) that we had previously produced was used to develop a Strongyloides antigen detection ELISA (SsAg-ELISA). The assay is based on detecting immune complexes of circulating NIE antigens bound to Strongyloides-specific IgG antibodies. The optimized ELISA parameters were 10 µg/mL of rMAb23 coated on microtitre plate wells, 2% skim milk as blocking reagent, 1:100 serum dilution, and 1:1000 goat anti-human IgG F(ab')2 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Four groups of serum samples were used, i.e., Strongyloides-positive serum samples categorized into Groups IA and IB; the former were from probable chronic infections and the latter from probable early/acute infections. Strongyloides-negative samples comprising Groups II (healthy samples) and III (other infections); the latter were from eleven different types of other parasitic infections. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00, cut-off optical density (OD405) of 0.5002, and 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The results of the commercial IgG-ELISA and SsAg-ELISA from Group IA were found to be moderately correlated (r = 0.416; p < 0.05). Notably, ANOVA showed that the average ODs405 of Group 1B were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than Group 1A, indicating that the assay may be useful to differentiate early and chronic infection. In conclusion, the developed SsAg-ELISA showed good diagnostic potential, and it merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Balachandra
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Anizah Rahumatullah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hussain Ahmad
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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16
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Noordin R, Osman E, Anuar NS, Juri NM, Rahumatullah A, Hilmi NAA. Serum Adsorption Study to Validate the Specificity of a Rapid Test to Detect Strongyloides stercoralis Infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:1214-1217. [PMID: 34460427 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A lateral flow rapid test for strongyloidiasis will greatly facilitate the control and elimination of the disease. Previously SsRapid™ prototype rapid test showed high diagnostic specificity to detect Strongyloides infection, determined using non-Strongyloides sera negative by IgG-ELISAs. Since high specificity is crucial before a test is used for public health control activities, further validation of its specificity is needed. Also, it needs to be ascertained whether non-Strongyloides sera positive by IgG-ELISAs and SsRapid are truly positive for Strongyloides or are cases of cross-reactivity. We performed 84 rapid tests (two types of dipsticks and cassettes) using 34 serum samples. They were divided into four groups based on Strongyloides infection and coinfection with other parasites and the availability of recombinant proteins and rapid tests for the latter. Sera was adsorbed using polystyrene microspheres beads separately coated with four recombinant parasite proteins. The small sample size is a limitation of this study; however, the overall results showed that the sera adsorption procedure was successful, and the SsRapid test is specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Emelia Osman
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Mustaiqazah Juri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Anizah Rahumatullah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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17
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Noordin R, Anuar NS, Juri NM, Wongphutorn P, Ruantip S, Kopolrat KY, Worasith C, Sithithaworn J, Sithithaworn P. Evaluation of a Rapid IgG4 Lateral Flow Dipstick Test to Detect Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Northeast Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:688-691. [PMID: 34237022 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis affects more than half a billion people worldwide, and hyperinfection in immunocompromised patients can be fatal. Elimination of this neglected tropical disease requires field-applicable diagnostic tools. We conducted a laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow rapid dipstick test (SsRapid™) using sera samples from a Strongyloides-endemic area in northeast Thailand. Group 1 was S. stercoralis-positive and larvae- and/or antibody-positive (according to the IgG ELISA) (N = 100). Group 2 had negative fecal examination and IgG ELISA results (N = 25). Group 3 had other parasitic infections and negative IgG ELISA results (N = 25). The results showed good diagnostic sensitivity (82%) and excellent specificity (96%). Suggested improvements in the SsRapid™ test include increased diagnostic sensitivity and conversion to the more robust cassette format. Field studies should be performed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Mustaiqazah Juri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Phattharaphon Wongphutorn
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirowan Ruantip
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Y Kopolrat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanika Worasith
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute (CARI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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18
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Souza AA, Ducker C, Argaw D, King JD, Solomon AW, Biamonte MA, Coler RN, Cruz I, Lejon V, Levecke B, Marchini FK, Marks M, Millet P, Njenga SM, Noordin R, Paulussen R, Sreekumar E, Lammie PJ. Diagnostics and the neglected tropical diseases roadmap: setting the agenda for 2030. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:129-135. [PMID: 33169166 PMCID: PMC7842105 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are an essential requirement for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) programmes. However, the NTD community has historically underinvested in the development and improvement of diagnostic tools, potentially undermining the successes achieved over the last 2 decades. Recognizing this, the WHO, in its newly released draft roadmap for NTD 2021-2030, has identified diagnostics as one of four priority areas requiring concerted action to reach the 2030 targets. As a result, WHO established a Diagnostics Technical Advisory Group (DTAG) to serve as the collaborative mechanism to drive progress in this area. Here, the purpose and role of the DTAG are described in the context of the challenges facing NTD programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Souza
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA
| | - Camilla Ducker
- Consultant, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Argaw
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D King
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony W Solomon
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco A Biamonte
- Drugs and Diagnostics for Tropical Diseases, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Israel Cruz
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle Lejon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Pascal Millet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pengang, Malaysia
| | | | - Esvawaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Patrick J Lammie
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA
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19
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Ahmad H, Arifin N, Nolan TJ, Lok JB, Anuar NS, Noordin R. Strongyloides-Specific IgE Phage cDNA Clones and Development of a Novel ELISA for Strongyloidiasis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060985. [PMID: 34071716 PMCID: PMC8228214 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis, caused mainly by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, is prevalent worldwide and potentially fatal in immunosuppressed patients. We report on a new IgE biomarker to diagnose Strongyloides infection. Sera from two groups infected with Strongyloides served as positive samples: Group 1A, in which infection was confirmed by stool-microscopy and/or stool-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was seropositive by an IgG-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an IgG4 rapid test, and Group 1B in which infection was confirmed by stool-PCR but was seronegative. Negative samples (controls) comprised infections with other parasites (Group II) and healthy donors (Group III). Immunoscreenings of an S. stercoralis complementary DNA (cDNA) library were performed, and the cDNA clone with the highest diagnostic potential (clone A133) was selected for recombinant protein production and then evaluated using IgE Western blot and ELISA. The Western blot showed that the recombinant protein (rA133) was 100% reactive with Group IA (n = 10) and Group IB (n = 5), and 96% non-reactive with Groups II and III (n = 25). Subsequently, the IgE-ELISA was developed and showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity in Groups IA (n = 32) and IB (n = 11); and 99.3% specificity in Groups II and III (n = 144). In conclusion, this study has identified rA133 as a novel recombinant protein with potential diagnostic value, and that the IgE-ELISA incorporating this protein may be useful for patient diagnosis and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Ahmad
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; (H.A.); (N.A.); (N.S.A.)
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; (H.A.); (N.A.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Thomas J. Nolan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (T.J.N.); (J.B.L.)
| | - James B. Lok
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (T.J.N.); (J.B.L.)
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; (H.A.); (N.A.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; (H.A.); (N.A.); (N.S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Rahumatullah A, Ahmad A, Noordin R, Lai JY, Baharudeen Z, Lim TS. Applicability of Brugia malayi immune antibody library for the isolation of a human recombinant monoclonal antibody to Echinococcus granulosus antigen B. Exp Parasitol 2020; 219:108029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Abdo AIK, Ngoh YY, Lew MH, Dass SA, Rahumatullah A, Noordin R, Tye GJ. Generation of human scFv-IgG1Fc antibodies for detection of lymphatic filarial recombinant antigens, BmR1 and BmSXP. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:70-76. [PMID: 33258152 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected parasitic disease that affects millions in tropical and subtropical countries and is caused by Wuchereria and Brugia species. Specific and sensitive detection methods are essential in mapping infected areas where rapid tests are needed to cover underdeveloped and remote regions, which facilitates eliminating the disease as a public health problem. A few commercialized rapid tests based on antigen or antibody detection are available, but the former only detects infection by Wuchereria species and cross-reacts with nonlymphatic filaria, whereas antibody detection might provide positive results of previous infection. Here, we report the production of three different recombinant immunoglobulin gamma (IgG)1 antibodies based on scFvs previously generated via human antibody phage display technology, that is, anti-BmR1 clone 4, anti-BmXSP clone 5B, and anti-BmXSP clone 2H2. The scFv sequences were cloned into a pCMV-IgG1 vector, then transfected into a HEK293F cell line. The generated antibodies were found to be able to bind to their respective targets even at relatively low concentration. Conjugation of Fc to scFv induces binder stability and provides multiple labeling sites for probes and signaling molecules that can be used in rapid tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ismail Khaled Abdo
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ying Yuan Ngoh
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Min Han Lew
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sylvia Annabel Dass
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Anizah Rahumatullah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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22
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Ahmad H, Balachandra D, Arifin N, Nolan TJ, Lok JB, Hayat Khan A, Yunus MH, Noordin R. Diagnostic Potential of an IgE-ELISA in Detecting Strongyloidiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2288-2293. [PMID: 32996454 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis infection is prevalent worldwide and can cause lifelong infection in immunocompetent individuals, and potentially death in immunosuppressed patients. The diagnosis is hindered by the low sensitivity of microscopic examination, thus making serology an important complementary test to improve the detection rate. However, there were reports that some Strongyloides-infected individuals were negative with specific IgG and IgG4 assays, and other helminth infections were positive with commercial Strongyloides IgG-ELISAs. Thus, there is a need to develop better serodiagnostic methods for strongyloidiasis. We investigated the diagnostic potential of IgE-ELISAs using Strongyloides larval lysate. Sera from two groups infected with Strongyloides served as the positive reference, that is, 1) positive by commercial IgG-ELISAs and IgG4 rapid test, and stool samples positive by microscopy and/or PCR (group IA; n = 20); and 2) negative by IgG-ELISAs and IgG4 rapid test, but stool samples were PCR positive (group IB sera; n = 11). Sera from another two groups served as negative reference (controls), that is, 1) infected with other parasites (group II; n = 73) and 2) healthy donors (group III; n = 22). Results showed a 100% diagnostic sensitivity in detecting sera from groups IA and IB. The latter group of individuals probably had early infection because their IgG and IgG4 assays were negative. The optical density values of group IB sera were also significantly lower than those of group IA (P < 0.003). The IgE-ELISA was 100% specific when tested against sera from groups II and III. This study highlights the diagnostic potential of IgE-ELISA using larval lysate to detect strongyloidiasis, especially those with probable early infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Balachandra
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Thomas J Nolan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James B Lok
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amjad Hayat Khan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Noordin R, Yunus MH, Saidin S, Mohamed Z, Fuentes Corripio I, Rubio JM, Golkar M, Hisam S, Lee R, Mahmud R. Multi-Laboratory Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Rapid Test for Detection of Amebic Liver Abscess. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2233-2238. [PMID: 32996457 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent evaluations of XEh Rapid®, an IgG4-based rapid dipstick test, were performed to assess its diagnostic performance to detect amebic liver abscess (ALA) using 405 samples at seven laboratories in four countries. The test showed high diagnostic specificity (97-100%) when tested with samples from healthy individuals (n = 100) and patients with other diseases (n = 151). The diagnostic sensitivity was tested with a total of 154 samples, and the results were variable. It was high in three laboratories (89-94%), and moderate (72%) and low (38%) in two other laboratories. Challenges and issues faced in the evaluation process are discussed. Nevertheless, XEh Rapid is promising to be developed into a point-of-care test in particular for resource-limited settings, and thus merits further confirmation of its diagnostic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Syazwan Saidin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia.,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Isabel Fuentes Corripio
- Parasitology Department, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rubio
- Parasitology Department, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Majid Golkar
- Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamilah Hisam
- Parasitology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, NIH Complex Setia Alam, MOH Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rogan Lee
- NSW Health Pathology, Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Rohela Mahmud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Noordin R, Khanbabaie S, Hafiznur Yunus M, Marti H, Nickel B, Fasihi Harandi M, Nasibi S. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Recombinant Antigen B1 for Detection of Cystic Echinococcosis Using Lateral Flow Dipstick Test. Iran J Parasitol 2020; 15:290-298. [PMID: 33082792 PMCID: PMC7548468 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i3.4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Human echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic disease distributed worldwide. It comprises cystic and alveolar forms, the former being the more prevalent disease. Imaging techniques are the first choice for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis and serology is used as an additional diagnostic technique in doubtful cases or as the sole test in low-resource settings. Rapid diagnostic tests are useful and convenient for immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in endemic areas, where medical facilities often struggle with limited resources. Methods Recently, we have developed Hyd Rapid™, an IgG4 lateral flow dipstick test using recombinant antigen B1 for detection of cystic echinococcosis. This study was performed between 2016 until 2018 at the Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The diagnostic performance of Hyd Rapid™ was tested in-house and at two international laboratories in Switzerland and Iran. Results The overall diagnostic sensitivity for detection of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis was 95% (56/59). Meanwhile, the diagnostic specificity, with and without exclusion of cysticercosis and fascioliasis, was 100% (n=48) and 88% (63/72), respectively. Conclusion Hyd Rapid™ detected cystic echinococcosis as well as probable cases of alveolar echinococcosis. Therefore, Hyd Rapid™ showed good potential as a serological tool for echinococcosis, and merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sam Khanbabaie
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hanspeter Marti
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Nickel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Nasibi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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25
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Yahaya ML, Zakaria ND, Noordin R, Abdul Razak K. Development of rapid gold nanoparticles based lateral flow assays for simultaneous detection of Shigella and Salmonella genera. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1095-1106. [PMID: 32935878 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella and Shigella genera are common pathogens that contaminate foods and beverages. Lateral flow assays (LFA) are commonly used to detect these pathogens. However, most of the developed LFAs are for single detection. Simultaneous detection of pathogens is required to reduce cost and time. In this work, 40 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using the seeding growth method as labeling agent. The AuNPs were characterized and conjugated with mouse anti-Gram negative endotoxin antibody. The nitrocellulose membrane HF135 was immobilized with anti-mouse IgG antibody as a control line and two separate test lines with either anti-Shigella or anti-Salmonella antibody, respectively. Color intensity of test lines was observed for positive samples. A milk sample was used as proof of concept to mimic actual contamination. The limit of detection of the LFA was 3.0 × 106 CFU/mL for multiplex detection of Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhi and for both single detections. The result was comparable with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. The produced LFA could differentiate between Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhi. The developed LFA was able to identify Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhi with good sensitivity in milk samples, thus, beneficial to ensure the safety of food before entering the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Lukman Yahaya
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Dyana Zakaria
- Nanobiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBri), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Nanobiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBri), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairunisak Abdul Razak
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.,Nanobiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBri), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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26
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Mohd-Hassan NH, Noordin R, Arifin N. Enhanced production of short-peptide tagged Ss3a recombinant protein as a novel potential biomarker for strongyloidiasis. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:578-586. [PMID: 33612773 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a mysterious yet important parasitic disease that is hard to diagnose. While microscopic examination remains a "controversial" gold standard method, improved diagnosis is achieved through confirmatory assays with serological and/or molecular diagnostic approaches. In the current serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis, recombinant proteins have been adopted in place of the use of native parasite antigens, although the availability of diagnostically potential proteins are still limited. Here, we introduce a novel Strongyloides recombinant protein that is uniquely attached to two different short peptide tags as a potential diagnostic biomarker for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis, namely lysine (7K) and aspartic acid (7D). The work presented focus on improving the yield and purity of the previously unexpressed recombinant protein. Preliminary diagnostic evaluation of the recombinant favors Ss3a7K protein owing to its higher antigenicity performance with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Mohd-Hassan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - R Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - N Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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27
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Balachandra D, Ahmad H, Arifin N, Noordin R. Direct detection of Strongyloides infection via molecular and antigen detection methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:27-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Kumarasamy G, Abdus Sani AA, Olivos-García A, Noordin R, Othman N. Antigenic membrane proteins of virulent variant of Entamoeba histolytica HM-1:IMSS. Pathog Glob Health 2020; 114:333-342. [PMID: 32536281 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1780402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, is one of the leading parasitic infections in the world. This study was aimed at profiling antigenic membrane proteins of a virulent variant of E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS. The membrane proteins were extracted using ProteoExtract® kit (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) or conventional method, separated using OFFGEL 3100 fractionator (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California), followed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Selected antigenic membrane proteins were identified using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Subsequently, the proteins were classified according to their biological processes and predictions were made on membrane and membrane-associated proteins. When the proteins were probed with pooled sera from amoebic liver abscess (ALA) patients, 10 and 15 antigenic proteins with molecular weights 25 to 200 kDa were identified using the ProteoExtract® kit and conventional method, respectively. LC-ESI-MS/MS identified 13 antigenic proteins, and both extraction methods predicted six of them as membrane and membrane-associated proteins. The topmost biological processes which comprised of six proteins were involved in cellular processes.. These antigenic membrane proteins merit further investigations as potential candidates for vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaayathri Kumarasamy
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang, Malaysia
| | - Asmahani Azira Abdus Sani
- Institut Genom Malaysia, Malaysia Genome Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM) , Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Alfonso Olivos-García
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , México, Mexico
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhasanah Othman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang, Malaysia
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29
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Salin NH, Noordin R, Al-Najjar BO, Kamarulzaman EE, Yunus MH, Karim IZA, Nasim NNM, Zakaria II, Wahab HA. Identification of potential dual -targets anti- toxoplasma gondii compounds through structure-based virtual screening and in-vitro studies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225232. [PMID: 32442170 PMCID: PMC7244133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease which can lead to morbidity and mortality of the fetus and immunocompromised individuals. Due to the limited effectiveness or side effects of existing drugs, the search for better drug candidates is still ongoing. In this study, we performed structure-based screening of potential dual-targets inhibitors of active sites of T. gondii drug targets such as uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRTase) and adenosine kinase (AK). First screening of virtual compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) was performed via molecular docking. Subsequently, the hit compounds were tested in-vitro for anti- T. gondii effect using cell viability assay with Vero cells as host to determine cytotoxicity effects and drug selectivities. Clindamycin, as positive control, showed a selectivity index (SI) of 10.9, thus compounds with SI > 10.9 specifically target T. gondii proliferation with no significant effect on the host cells. Good anti- T. gondii effects were observed with NSC77468 (7-ethoxy-4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine) which showed SI values of 25. This study showed that in-silico selection can serve as an effective way to discover potentially potent and selective compounds against T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hanim Salin
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Belal O. Al-Najjar
- Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Ahliyya Amman, University Amman Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurul Nadieya Mohd Nasim
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Synthetic Biology & Cell Factories, Malaysia Genome Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Selangor, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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30
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Rahumatullah A, Lim TS, Yunus MH, Noordin R. Development of an Antigen Detection ELISA for Bancroftian Filariasis Using BmSXP-Specific Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:436-440. [PMID: 31162018 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease responsible for morbidity and disability that affects 1.2 billion people worldwide, mainly the poor communities. Currently, filarial antigen testing is the method of choice for the detection of bancroftian filariasis, and to date, there are two commonly used tests. In the present study, a recently reported recombinant monoclonal antibody (5B) specific to BmSXP filarial antigen was used in developing an ELISA for the detection of circulating filarial antigen in sera of patients with bancroftian filariasis. The performance of the ELISA was evaluated using 124 serum samples. The ELISA was positive with all sera from microfilaremic bancroftian filariasis patients (n = 34). It also showed 100% diagnostic specificity when tested with sera from 50 healthy individuals and 40 patients with other parasitic diseases. The developed assay using the novel 5B recombinant monoclonal antibody could potentially be a promising alternative antigen detection test for bancroftian filariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anizah Rahumatullah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Abstract
The conventional method of detecting Strongyloides stercoralis in fecal samples has poor diagnostic sensitivity. Detection of Strongyloides-specific antibodies increases the sensitivity; however, most tests are ELISAs that use parasite extract which may cross-react with the sera of other helminth infections. To improve the serological diagnosis of strongyloidiasis, this study aimed at developing a sensitive and specific lateral flow rapid dipstick test. Two recombinant proteins, recombinant NIE (rNIE) and recombinant Ss1a (rSs1a), were used in preparing the dipstick, with gold-conjugated antihuman IgG4 as detector reagent. In parallel, the corresponding ELISA was performed. Both assays demonstrated diagnostic sensitivity of 91.3% (21/23) when tested with serum samples of patients with Strongyloides infection, and 100% specificity with 82 sera of asymptomatic (healthy) and those with other parasitic infections. The ELISA and dipstick test results were positively correlated to each other (r = 0.6114, P = 0.0019). The developed lateral flow dipstick test may improve the serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis and merit further validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Balachandra
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Abstract
Toxocariasis is a human infection primarily caused by larvae of Toxocara canis from dogs, and also by T. cati from cats. Children have a more significant risk of acquiring the infection due to their closer contact with pets, and greater chances of ingesting soil. Diagnosis of toxocariasis is based on clinical, epidemiological, and serological data. Indirect IgG ELISA is a widely used serodiagnostic method for toxocariasis, with native T. canis TES most commonly used as the antigen. Western blots, using the same antigen, can be used to confirm positive ELISA findings to reduce false-positive results. Improvements in Toxocara serodiagnosis include the use of recombinant TES antigens, simpler and more rapid assay formats, and IgG4 subclass detection. Also, incorporation of recombinant T. cati TES protein increases the diagnostic sensitivity. Development of antigen detection tests using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, nanobodies, or aptamers can complement the antibody detection assays, and enhance the effectiveness of the serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Naqiuyah Tan Farrizam
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Eissa
- Department of ChemistryAlfaisal University Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Road Riyadh 11533 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM)Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of ChemistryAlfaisal University Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Road Riyadh 11533 Saudi Arabia
- Department of GeneticsKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Zahrawi Street, Al Maather Riyadh 12713 Saudi Arabia
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34
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Rahumatullah A, Yunus MH, Tye GJ, Noordin R. Applications of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies against Filarial Antigen Proteins. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:578-581. [PMID: 31933469 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the applications of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rmAbs) produced against two recombinant filarial proteins of diagnostic value. Ab5B and Ab3A were produced against recombinant BmSXP, and Ab4 and Ab4-fragment crystallizable (Fc) against recombinant BmR1. Ab5B and Ab4-Fc were found to be useful as quality control (QC) reagents for two commercial rapid test kits, such as Brugia RapidTM and BLF Rapid® (Reszon Diagnostics International Sdn. Bhd., 47600 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia), respectively. The two rmAbs reacted positively with the corresponding recombinant proteins lined on the nitrocellulose strips of the cassette tests, thus may replace or reduce the need for patient serum samples as positive controls for QC of the commercial kits. They were also successfully conjugated to gold nanoparticles and reacted positively with the test lines containing the corresponding recombinant proteins when directly applied to the cassette tests. The gold-conjugated reagents can be used to confirm the antigenicity of test lines after the storage of the rapid tests for a prolonged period or under unfavorable conditions. Furthermore, Ab5B and Ab3A were shown to be able to capture the target recombinant proteins through immunoaffinity purification, enabling their use for applications that need very highly purified proteins. In conclusion, this study demonstrated several potential uses of rmAb proteins produced against recombinant filarial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anizah Rahumatullah
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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35
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Noordin R, Othman N, Miswan N, Wong WK, Lim BH. Multiplex real-time PCR revealed very high prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among aborigines in Peninsular Malaysia. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.296723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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36
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Noordin R, Arifin N, Balachandra D, Ahmad H. Serodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Microbiol Methods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Sahimin N, Yunus MH, Douadi B, Yvonne Lim AL, Noordin R, Behnke JM, Mohd Zain S. Entamoeba infections and associated risk factors among migrant workers in Peninsular Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:1014-1026. [PMID: 33597471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influx of low skilled migrant workers to Malaysia from low socio-economic countries where gastrointestinal parasitic infections are prevalent has raised concerns about transmission to the local population. Three methods for detection (serology, microscopy and molecular techniques) were utilized to identify Entamoeba infections amongst the targeted cohort and determine risk factors associated with infection. Serological screening of 484 migrant workers from five working sectors in Peninsular Malaysia using IgG4 ELISA based on the rPPDK antigen showed an overall seroprevalence of 7.4% (n = 36; CL95 = 5.3-10.1%) with only one factor statistically associated with seropositivity of anti-amoebic antibodies, i.e. years of residence in Malaysia (χ2 1 = 4.007, p = 0.045). Microscopic examination of 388 faecal samples for protozoan cysts and trophozoites showed a slightly higher prevalence (11.6%; n=45; CL95: 8.4-14.8%). Meanwhile, amplification of the 16S rDNA gene detected two species i.e. Entamoeba dispar (23/388; 5.9%; CL95: 3.6-8.3%) and E. histolytica (11/388; 2.8%; CL95: 1.2-4.5%) and mixed infections with both parasites in only three samples (3/388; 0.8%; CL95: 0.2-2.2%). Entamoeba dispar infection was significantly associated with those employed in food and domestic services (χ2 4 = 12.879, p = 0.012). However, none of the factors affected the prevalence of E. histolytica infection. Despite the low prevalence of E. histolytica in faecal samples of the study cohort, the presence of this pathogenic parasite still poses potential public health risks and calls for tighter control strategies based on better availability of chemotherapeutic treatment and accessibility to appropriate health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sahimin
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M H Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - B Douadi
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A L Yvonne Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - J M Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S Mohd Zain
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Noordin R, Yunus MH, Robinson K, Won KY, Babu S, Fischer PU, Hisam S, Mahmud R. Laboratory Evaluation of a Rapid IgG4 Antibody Test (BLF Rapid™) for Bancroftian Filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:1587-1590. [PMID: 30350768 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
At the end phase of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, antibody testing may have a role in decision-making for bancroftian filariasis-endemic areas. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of BLF Rapid™, a prototype immunochromatographic IgG4-based test using BmSXP recombinant protein, for detection of bancroftian filariasis. The test was evaluated using 258 serum samples, comprising 96 samples tested at Universiti Sains Malaysia (in-house) and 162 samples tested independently at three international laboratories in the USA and India, and two laboratories in Malaysia. The independent testing involved 99 samples from Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria or antigen positive individuals and 63 samples from people who were healthy or had other infections. The in-house evaluation showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The independent evaluations showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 84-100% and 100% specificity (excluding non-lymphatic filarial infections). BLF Rapid has potential as a surveillance diagnostic tool to make "Transmission Assessment Survey"-stopping decisions and conduct post-elimination surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Keri Robinson
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kimberly Y Won
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Peter U Fischer
- Infectious Diseases Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shamilah Hisam
- Parasitology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohela Mahmud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wong WK, Mohd-Nor N, Noordin R, Foo PC, Mohamed Z, Haq JA, Acosta A, Sarmiento ME, Subramaniam P, Dony JF, Mohamad-Roze MN, Osman S, Lim BH. Parasitic infections in Malaysian aborigines with pulmonary tuberculosis: a comparative cross-sectional study. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2635-2642. [PMID: 31363922 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The geographical distribution of tuberculosis (TB) overlaps with various parasitic infections. Uncovering the characteristics of coinfecting parasites that potentially affect the host susceptibility to TB is pertinent as it may provide input to current TB therapeutic and prophylactic measures. The present study was aimed at examining the types of parasitic infections in TB patients and healthy TB contacts (HC) in Orang Asli, Malaysian aborigines, who dwelled in the co-endemic areas. Stool and serum samples were collected from Orang Asli who fulfilled the selection criteria and provided written informed consents. Selected parasitic infections in the two study groups were determined by stool examination and commercial serum antibody immunoassays. The prevalence of parasitic infections in TB and HC participants were 100% (n = 82) and 94.6% (n = 55) respectively. The parasitic infections comprised toxocariasis, trichuriasis, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis, hookworm infection, ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, and brugian filariasis, in decreasing order of prevalence. Overall, helminth or protozoa infection did not show any significant association with the study groups. However, when the species of the parasite was considered, individuals exposed to trichuriasis and toxoplasmosis showed significant odds reduction (odds ratio (OR) 0.338; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.166, 0.688) and odds increment (OR 2.193; 95% CI 1.051, 4.576) to have active pulmonary TB, respectively. In conclusion, trichuriasis and toxoplasmosis may have distinct negative and positive associations respectively with the increase of host susceptibility to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng-Kin Wong
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norazmi Mohd-Nor
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Phiaw-Chong Foo
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Acarology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Institute for Medical Research, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | | | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Puvaneswari Subramaniam
- Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Perak State Health Department, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Jiloris F Dony
- Tuberculosis & Leprosy Sector, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Sabariah Osman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Huat Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. .,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia.
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Khanbabaie S, Riazi M, Chang CH, Yunus MH, Noordin R. Lateral flow dipstick antigen assay for human cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop 2019; 190:171-176. [PMID: 30458123 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution and is a major public health problem in some areas. Diagnosis of CE is mainly based on clinical symptoms, imaging and serological testing, however, improvement in serodiagnosis is still needed. This study was aimed at detecting circulating Echinococcus antigen in CE patients using a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay. Three types of hydatid antigens i.e. hydatid cyst fluid (HCF), native antigen B (nAgB) and recombinant antigen B (rAgB) were prepared and polyclonal rabbit antiserum was raised against each antigen. Purified IgG fractions were prepared and a portion was conjugated to gold nanoparticles. After a series of optimizations, a final antigen detection LFD assay was developed using a combination of anti-nAgB-IgG and gold-conjugated anti-HCF-IgG. Evaluation of the assay showed that 27 out of 35 (77%) serum samples from CE patients gave positive results. Meanwhile, the test showed a diagnostic specificity of 82% when tested with sera from 38 healthy individuals and 13 patients with other parasitic diseases. In conclusion, the antigen detection LFD assay seemed to be useful for diagnosis of CE and possibly for post-treatment follow-up, and merit further evaluation studies. We foresee that it may improve serodiagnosis of CE when used in tandem with an antibody detection test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Khanbabaie
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mehdi Riazi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Chiat Han Chang
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Yahaya M, Zakaria N, Noordin R, Razak K. The Effect of Nitrocellulose Membrane Pore Size of Lateral Flow Immunoassay on Sensitivity for Detection of Shigella sp. in Milk Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mohd Zain S, Sahimin N, Lim Y, Noordin R, Yunus M, Arifin N, Behnke J. Epidemiology and immunodiagnostics of Strongyloides stercoralis infections among migrant workers in Malaysia. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.261271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Noordin R, Mohd Zain SN, Yunus MH, Sahimin N. Seroprevalence of lymphatic filariasis among migrant workers in Peninsular Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 111:370-372. [PMID: 29206992 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaysia aims to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) by the year 2020, thus the potential threat of LF from migrant workers needs to be investigated. Methods Brugian and bancroftian filariasis among 484 migrant workers from six countries were investigated using rapid tests based on detection of specific IgG4 antibodies against BmR1 (Brugia Rapid) and BmSXP recombinant antigens. Results The seroprevalence of brugian filariasis was very low; however, bancroftian filariasis was notable among workers from India, Nepal and Myanmar. Conclusion Malaysia is not endemic for Wuchereria bancrofti, but harbors the vectors for the parasite, thus the results showed that migrant workers should be monitored for this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang
| | - Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang
| | - Norhidayu Sahimin
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khan AH, Noordin R. Strategies for humanizing glycosylation pathways and producing recombinant glycoproteins in microbial expression systems. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2752. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Hayat Khan
- Inst. for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Inst. for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia
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Ujang J, Sani AAA, Lim BH, Noordin R, Othman N. Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica Membrane Proteome Using Three Extraction Methods. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700397. [PMID: 30284757 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica membrane proteins are important players toward the pathogenesis of amoebiasis, but the roles of most of the proteins are not fully understood. Since efficient protein extraction method is crucial for a successful MS analysis, three extractions methods are evaluated for the use in studying the membrane proteome of E. histolytica: Two commercial kits (ProteoExtract from Calbiochem and ProteoPrep from Sigma), and a conventional laboratory method. The results show that ProteoExtract and the conventional method gave higher protein yields compared to ProteoPrep. LC-ESI-MS/MS identifies 456, 482, and 551 membrane fraction proteins extracted using ProteoExtract, ProteoPrep, and a conventional method, respectively. In silico analysis predicts 108 (21%), 235 (45%), and 177 (34%) membrane proteins from the extracts of ProteoExtract, ProteoPrep, and the conventional method, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of the cytosolic and membrane fractions shows the highest selectivity of the membrane proteins using the ProteoPrep extraction kit. Overall, this study reports 828 E. histolytica membrane fraction proteins that include 249 predicted membrane proteins. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorim Ujang
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Asmahani Azira Abdu Sani
- Malaysia Genome Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Jalan Bangi, 43400, Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Boon Huat Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhasanah Othman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease in human and animals, is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Our previous study has led to the discovery of a novel RAP domain binding protein antigen (TgRA15), an apparent in-vivo induced antigen recognised by antibodies in acutely infected individuals. This study is aimed to evaluate the humoral response and cytokine release elicited by recombinant TgRA15 protein in C57BL/6 mice, demonstrating its potential as a candidate vaccine for Toxoplasma gondii infection. In this study, the recombinant TgRA15 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and refolded into soluble form. C57BL/6 mice were immunised intradermally with the antigen and CASAC (Combined Adjuvant for Synergistic Activation of Cellular immunity). Antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated responses were evaluated using Western blot and ELISA. The total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies specific to the antigen were significantly increased in treatment group compare to control group. A higher level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion was demonstrated in the mice group receiving booster doses of rTgRA15 protein, suggesting a potential Th1-mediated response. In conclusion, the rTgRA15 protein has the potential to generate specific antibody response and elicit cellular response, thus potentially serve as a vaccine candidate against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Han Lew
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Monsur Alam Khan
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden , Penang , Malaysia
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Arifin N, Hanafiah KM, Ahmad H, Noordin R. Serodiagnosis and early detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2018; 52:371-378. [PMID: 30482708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a major neglected tropical disease with the potential of causing lifelong infection and mortality. One of the ways for effective control of this disease is developing improved diagnostics, particularly using serological approaches. A serological test can achieve high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, has the potential for point-of-care translation, and can be used as a screening tool for early detection. More research is needed to find clinically important antibody biomarkers for early disease detection, mapping, and epidemiological surveillance. This article summarizes human strongyloidiasis and the available diagnostic tools for the disease, focusing on describing the current antibody assays for strongyloidiasis. Finally, prospects of developing a more effective serodiagnostic tool for strongyloidiasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hussain Ahmad
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Ng YL, Olivos-García A, Lim TK, Noordin R, Lin Q, Othman N. Entamoeba histolytica: Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Putative Virulence-Associated Differentially Abundant Membrane Proteins. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:1518-1529. [PMID: 30298805 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amebiasis and poses a significant health risk for populations in endemic areas. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of the parasite are not well characterized. We aimed to identify and quantify the differentially abundant membrane proteins by comparing the membrane proteins of virulent and avirulent variants of E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS, and to investigate the potential associations among the differentially abundant membrane proteins. We performed quantitative proteomics analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling, in combination with two mass spectrometry instruments, that is, nano-liquid chromatography (nanoLC)-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and nanoLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, 37 membrane proteins were found to be differentially abundant, whereby 19 and 18 membrane proteins of the virulent variant of E. histolytica increased and decreased in abundance, respectively. Proteins that were differentially abundant include Rho family GTPase, calreticulin, a 70-kDa heat shock protein, and hypothetical proteins. Analysis by Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships database revealed that the differentially abundant membrane proteins were mainly involved in catalytic activities (29.7%) and metabolic processes (32.4%). Differentially abundant membrane proteins that were found to be involved mainly in the catalytic activities and the metabolic processes were highlighted together with their putative roles in relation to the virulence. Further investigations should be performed to elucidate the roles of these proteins in E. histolytica pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ling Ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alfonso Olivos-García
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurulhasanah Othman
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Saidin S, Othman N, Noordin R. Update on laboratory diagnosis of amoebiasis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 38:15-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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Vola A, Tamarozzi F, Noordin R, Yunus MH, Khanbabaie S, De Silvestri A, Brunetti E, Mariconti M. Preliminary assessment of the diagnostic performances of a new rapid diagnostic test for the serodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:31-33. [PMID: 29776711 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests for cystic echinococcosis (CE) are convenient to support ultrasound diagnosis in uncertain cases, especially in resource-limited settings. We found comparable diagnostic performances of the experimental Hyd Rapid Test and the commercial VIRapid HYDATIDOSIS Test, used in our diagnostic laboratory, using samples from well-characterized hepatic CE cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Vola
- Division of Infectious Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sam Khanbabaie
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- SC Biometria e Statistica, Fondazione, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Division of Infectious Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mara Mariconti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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