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de Souza DS, Barth AI, Berté ALW, Bizarro GL, Heidrich D, da Silva GL, Johann L, Maciel MJ. Evaluation of the activity of filamentous fungi isolated from soils of the Pampa biome applied in the biological control of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 85:19-30. [PMID: 34410555 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae Koch and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks are mite species considered capable of attaining pest levels, damaging a range of agricultural crops. The Pampa biome is characterized by the high biodiversity it houses, particularly microbial diversity, which highlights its potential for developing microorganisms that can provide biological control of arthropods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of four fungal isolates from the soil of the Pampa biome in the biological control of T. urticae (females and eggs) and P. latus (females). Experiments consisted of isolating and identifying fungal isolates for spore quantification and aspersion at 108, 106, and 104 spores/mL concentrations in arenas containing T. urticae females and eggs, and P. latus females, separately. Results indicated that only three isolates (Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus, Clonostachys chloroleuca, and Penicillium adametzii) showed high control of T. urticae females, yet they did not exhibit any control of T. urticae eggs and P. latus females. Therefore, the present study confirms the viability of some of these fungi as biological control agents of mites, which implies the importance of new prospects with other fungal species, considering the richness of resources in the Pampa biome, or even the need to test higher concentrations and other variables using the microorganisms of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daiane Heidrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas (PPGCM) e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec) of Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Univates, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Liberato da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis (PPGSAS), da Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Univates, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Liana Johann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis (PPGSAS), da Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Univates, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Mônica Jachetti Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis (PPGSAS), da Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Univates, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil.
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Development of a rapid scabies immunodiagnostic assay based on transcriptomic analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei var. nyctereutis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6455. [PMID: 33742008 PMCID: PMC7979781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that affects many mammals. However, the sensitivity of traditional tests for scabies diagnosis in humans is less than 50%. To simplify the diagnosis of scabies, methods that are simple, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective are required. We developed an immunodiagnostic test based on S. scabiei var. nyctereutis RNA-seq data collected from Japanese raccoon dogs with sarcoptic mange. Three candidate antigens-a highly expressed hypothetical protein "QR98_0091190," another mite allergen known as "SMIPP-Cc," and an abundant "vitellogenin-like protein"-were evaluated by western-blot analysis. A lateral flow immunoassay, using specific antibodies against the vitellogenin-like protein, successfully detected scabies in the skin flakes of S. scabiei-infected raccoon dogs. This assay can potentially diagnose scabies more accurately in wildlife, as well as in humans.
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Aurori CM, Giurgiu A, Conlon BH, Kastally C, Dezmirean DS, Routtu J, Aurori A. Juvenile hormone pathway in honey bee larvae: A source of possible signal molecules for the reproductive behavior of Varroa destructor. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1057-1068. [PMID: 33520186 PMCID: PMC7820148 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitic mite Varroa destructor devastates honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies around the world. Entering a brood cell shortly before capping, the Varroa mother feeds on the honey bee larvae. The hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH), acquired from the host, have been considered to play a key role in initiating Varroa's reproductive cycle. This study focuses on differential expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of JH and ecdysone at six time points during the first 30 hr after cell capping in both drone and worker larvae of A. mellifera. This time frame, covering the conclusion of the honey bee brood cell invasion and the start of Varroa's ovogenesis, is critical to the successful initiation of a reproductive cycle. Our findings support a later activation of the ecdysteroid cascade in honey bee drones compared to worker larvae, which could account for the increased egg production of Varroa in A. mellifera drone cells. The JH pathway was generally downregulated confirming its activity is antagonistic to the ecdysteroid pathway during the larva development. Nevertheless, the genes involved in JH synthesis revealed an increased expression in drones. The upregulation of jhamt gene involved in methyl farnesoate (MF) synthesis came into attention since the MF is not only a precursor of JH but it is also an insect pheromone in its own right as well as JH-like hormone in Acari. This could indicate a possible kairomone effect of MF for attracting the mites into the drone brood cells, along with its potential involvement in ovogenesis after the cell capping, stimulating Varroa's initiation of egg laying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M. Aurori
- Faculty of Animal Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Alexandru‐Ioan Giurgiu
- Faculty of Animal Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Benjamin H. Conlon
- Molecular EcologyInstitute of Biology/ZoologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
- Section for Ecology and EvolutionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Chedly Kastally
- Molecular EcologyInstitute of Biology/ZoologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics and Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Daniel S. Dezmirean
- Faculty of Animal Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Jarkko Routtu
- Molecular EcologyInstitute of Biology/ZoologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Adriana Aurori
- Faculty of Animal Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of TransylvaniaUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
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Wang J, Peng X, Yang H, Lv B, Wang Z, Song Q. Mul-tiomics analysis of cadmium stress on the ovarian function of the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125904. [PMID: 32014633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is widespread in paddy filed soil in China. In this study, the toxicity of Cd with regard to the female reproductive system of paddy spider Pardosa pseudoannulata was investigated by means of multi-omics analyses (transcriptome, proteome, and miRNAs). Decreased activities of detoxifying enzymes including peroxidase (POD), Glutathione S-transferases (GST), and superoxide dismutase were detected in the ovary of P. pseudoannulata. Of these, GST and POD were consistently down-regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels. Vitellogenin content and fecundity of the spider were also reduced by Cd burden. Five vitellogenin encodes genes were down-regulated while only vitellogenin-6 protein was up-regulated. But protein lipovitellin-1, the main composition of vitellin, was down-regulated. In addition, the correlation between the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and Cd stress was identified. A down-regulated gene that encoding connector of kinase to AP-1 in the MAPK signaling pathway was regulated by the up-regulated miRNA (miRNA id: miRNA dan-miR- 318>der-miR-318>dgr-miR-318>dme-miR-318-3p > dmo-miR-318>dpe-miR-318>dps-miR-318>dse-miR-318>dsi-miR-318>dvi-miR-318>dwi-miR-318>dya-miR-318). In conclusion, Cd stress possesses distinct female reproductive toxicity on P. pseudoannulata through impairing antioxidant system and synthesis of vitellin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Xianjin Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Bo Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Faiz ZM, Mardhiyyah MP, Mohamad A, Hidir A, Nurul-Hidayah A, Wong L, Jasmani S, Ikhwanuddin M. Identification and relative abundances of mRNA for a gene encoding the vWD domain and three Kazal-type domains in the ovary of giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 209:106143. [PMID: 31514941 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding Macrobrachium rosenbergii ovarian maturation control at the genome level is an important aspect for increasing larvae production. In this study, an ovarian maturation related gene, M. rosenbergii vWD domain and three Kazal-type domains of a gene (MrvWD-Kazal) have been studied. The MrvWD-Kazal gene was isolated using a rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) method and the relative abundances of MrvWD-Kazal mRNA in the ovary, hepatopancreas, stomach, intestine and gill were determined by using the quantitative PCR technique. The MrvWD-Kazal gene is composed of 2194 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1998 bp encoding 665 amino acids and has great similarity to the M. nipponense vWD-Kazal gene (91%). The qPCR analyses indicated the relative abundance of MrvWD-Kazal mRNA transcript varied among different stages of ovarian function (P < 0.05), but there were no differences abundance in hepatopancreas, stomach, intestine and gill (P> 0.05). In the ovary, relative abundance of MrvWD-Kazal mRNA transcript gradually increased with ovarian maturation from Stages 1 (Spent; 1.00-fold), to 2 (Proliferative; 3.47-fold) to 3 (Premature; 6.18-fold) and decreased at Stage 4 (Mature; 1.31-fold). Differential relative abundances of MrvWD-Kazal mRNA transcript in the ovary indicate the MrvWD-Kazal protein may have an important function in ovarian maturation of M. rosenbergii. The results of this study also indicate the MrvWD-Kazal is not involved in regulation of the reproductive related function of the hepatopancreas, digestive system (stomach and intestine) and respiratory system (gill).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Muhammad Faiz
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Pauzi Mardhiyyah
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Aslah Mohamad
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ariffin Hidir
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Amirdin Nurul-Hidayah
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Lilian Wong
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Safiah Jasmani
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Mhd Ikhwanuddin
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Cabrera AR, Shirk PD, Duehl AJ, Donohue KV, Grozinger CM, Evans JD, Teal PEA. Genomic organization and reproductive regulation of a large lipid transfer protein in the varroa mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 22:505-522. [PMID: 23834736 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The complete genomic region and corresponding transcript of the most abundant protein in phoretic varroa mites, Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman), were sequenced and have homology with acarine hemelipoglycoproteins and the large lipid transfer protein (LLTP) super family. The genomic sequence of VdLLTP included 14 introns and the mature transcript coded for a predicted polypeptide of 1575 amino acid residues. VdLLTP shared a minimum of 25% sequence identity with acarine LLTPs. Phylogenetic assessment showed VdLLTP was most closely related to Metaseiulus occidentalis vitellogenin and LLTP proteins of ticks; however, no heme binding by VdLLTP was detected. Analysis of lipids associated with VdLLTP showed that it was a carrier for free and esterified C12 -C22 fatty acids from triglycerides, diacylglycerides and monoacylglycerides. Additionally, cholesterol and β-sitosterol were found as cholesterol esters linked to common fatty acids. Transcript levels of VdLLTP were 42 and 310 times higher in phoretic female mites when compared with males and quiescent deutonymphs, respectively. Coincident with initiation of the reproductive phase, VdLLTP transcript levels declined to a third of those in phoretic female mites. VdLLTP functions as an important lipid transporter and should provide a significant RNA interference target for assessing the control of varroa mites.
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Zhang F, Chen L, Qin J, Zhao W, Wu P. A novel gene with a vWD domain and three Kazal-type domains: Molecular cloning and expression in the ovary of the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411090183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Khalil SMS, Donohue KV, Thompson DM, Jeffers LA, Ananthapadmanaban U, Sonenshine DE, Mitchell RD, Roe RM. Full-length sequence, regulation and developmental studies of a second vitellogenin gene from the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:400-408. [PMID: 21192946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vg) is the precursor of vitellin (Vn) which is the major yolk protein in eggs. In a previous report, we isolated and characterized the first Vg message from the American dog tick Dermacentor variabilis. In the current study, we describe a second Vg gene from the same tick. The Vg2 cDNA is 5956 nucleotides with a 5775 nt open reading frame coding for 1925 amino acids. The conceptual amino acid translation contains a 16-residues putative signal peptide, N-terminal lipid binding domain and C-terminal von Willebrand factor type D domain present in all known Vgs. Moreover, the amino acid sequence shows a typical GLCG domain and several RXXR cleavage sites present in most isolated Vgs. Tryptic digest-mass fingerprinting of Vg and Vn recognized 11 fragments that exist in the amino acid translation of DvVg2 cDNA. Injection of virgin females with 20 hydroxyecdysone induced DvVg2 expression, vitellogenesis and oviposition. Using RT-PCR, DvVg2 expression was detected only in tick females after mating and feeding to repletion. Northern blot analysis showed that DvVg2 is expressed in fat body and gut cells of vitellogenic females but not in the ovary. DvVg2 expression was not detected in adult fed or unfed males. The characteristics that distinguish Vg from other similar tick storage proteins like the carrier protein, CP (another hemelipoglycoprotein) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M S Khalil
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7647, USA
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Laino A, Cunningham ML, Heras H, Garcia F. Isolation and characterization of two vitellins from eggs of the spider Polybetes pythagoricus (Araneae: Sparassidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 158:142-8. [PMID: 21056682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldana Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, 60 y 120 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Cabrera AR, Donohue KV, Roe RM. Regulation of female reproduction in mites: a unifying model for the Acari. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 55:1079-1090. [PMID: 19698719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well established in the literature that circulating high levels of juvenile hormone (JH) are responsible for the initiation of vitellogenesis and female reproduction in most insects studied so far. Exceptions include some Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. The current view is that JH also regulates yolk protein (vitellogenin, Vg) synthesis and female reproduction in mites. However, there is no published evidence that mites have the common insect JHs at any stage of their development. Also, research on the effects of exogenous applications of JH and JH analogs on the reproduction of mites is contradictory. Significant information is available on the life history of mite reproduction, and new information has become available on mite storage proteins including Vg. Although initial studies suggested that ticks may respond to exogenously applied juvenile hormone or anti-JHs, current research shows that ticks cannot synthesize the common insect JHs and have no detectable levels of these hormones in their hemolymph during female reproduction. In ticks, it appears that ecdysteroids, and not JH, regulate expression of the Vg gene and the synthesis and release of Vg protein into the hemolymph. In fact within the Arthropoda, JH has been found only in insects. Methyl farnesoate and not JH regulates Vg synthesis in the Crustacea, the sister group to the insects. Based on this evidence, a new working hypothesis is proposed, i.e., that ecdysteroids and not the JHs regulate vitellogenesis in the Acari including both ticks and mites. To the present, the role of neuropeptides in the regulation of female reproduction in mites is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Cabrera
- North Carolina State University, Department of Entomology, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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