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Kahsay A, Dennhag N, Liu JX, Nord H, Rönnbäck H, Thorell AE, von Hofsten J, Pedrosa Domellöf F. Obscurin Maintains Myofiber Identity in Extraocular Muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:19. [PMID: 38334702 PMCID: PMC10860686 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cytoskeleton of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) is significantly different from that of other muscles. We aimed to investigate the role of obscurin, a fundamental cytoskeletal protein, in the EOMs. Methods The distribution of obscurin in human and zebrafish EOMs was compared using immunohistochemistry. The two obscurin genes in zebrafish, obscna and obscnb, were knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9, and the EOMs were investigated using immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and in situ hybridization. The optokinetic reflex (OKR) in five-day-old larvae and adult obscna-/-;obscnb-/- and sibling control zebrafish was analyzed. Swimming distance was recorded at the same age. Results The obscurin distribution pattern was similar in human and zebrafish EOMs. The proportion of slow and fast myofibers was reduced in obscna-/-;obscnb-/- zebrafish EOMs but not in trunk muscle, whereas the number of myofibers containing cardiac myosin myh7 was significantly increased in EOMs of obscurin double mutants. Loss of obscurin resulted in less OKRs in zebrafish larvae but not in adult zebrafish. Conclusions Obscurin expression is conserved in normal human and zebrafish EOMs. Loss of obscurin induces a myofiber type shift in the EOMs, with upregulation of cardiac myosin heavy chain, myh7, showing an adaptation strategy in EOMs. Our model will facilitate further studies in conditions related to obscurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraha Kahsay
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nils Dennhag
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nord
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Rönnbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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2
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Koch D, Kho AL, Fukuzawa A, Alexandrovich A, Vanaanen KJ, Beavil A, Pfuhl M, Rees M, Gautel M. Obscurin Rho GEF domains are phosphorylated by MST-family kinases but do not exhibit nucleotide exchange factor activity towards Rho GTPases in vitro. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284453. [PMID: 37079638 PMCID: PMC10118190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obscurin is a giant muscle protein (>800 kDa) featuring multiple signalling domains, including an SH3-DH-PH domain triplet from the Trio-subfamily of guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). While previous research suggests that these domains can activate the small GTPases RhoA and RhoQ in cells, in vitro characterization of these interactions using biophysical techniques has been hampered by the intrinsic instability of obscurin GEF domains. To study substrate specificity, mechanism and regulation of obscurin GEF function by individual domains, we successfully optimized recombinant production of obscurin GEF domains and found that MST-family kinases phosphorylate the obscurin DH domain at Thr5798. Despite extensive testing of multiple GEF domain fragments, we did not detect any nucleotide exchange activity in vitro against 9 representative small GTPases. Bioinformatic analyses show that obscurin differs from other Trio-subfamily GEFs in several important aspects. While further research is necessary to evaluate obscurin GEF activity in vivo, our results indicate that obscurin has atypical GEF domains that, if catalytically active at all, are subject to complex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koch
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ay Lin Kho
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atsushi Fukuzawa
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Alexandrovich
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kutti J. Vanaanen
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rees
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Mauriello GE, Moncure GE, Nowzari RA, Miller CJ, Wright NT. The N-terminus of obscurin is flexible in solution. Proteins 2023; 91:485-496. [PMID: 36306263 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal half of the giant cytoskeletal protein obscurin is comprised of more than 50 Ig-like domains, arranged in tandem. Domains 18-51 are connected to each other through short 5-residue linkers, and this arrangement has been previously shown to form a semi-flexible rod in solution. Domains 1-18 generally have slightly longer ~7 residue interdomain linkers, and the multidomain structure and motion conferred by this kind of linker is understudied. Here, we use NMR, SAXS, and MD to show that these longer linkers are associated with significantly more domain/domain flexibility, with the resulting multidomain structure being moderately compact. Further examination of the relationship between interdomain flexibility and linker length shows there is a 5 residue "sweet spot" linker length that results in dual-domain systems being extended, and conversely that both longer or shorter linkers result in a less extended structure. This detailed knowledge of the obscurin N terminus structure and flexibility allowed for mathematical modeling of domains 1-18, which suggests that this region likely forms tangles if left alone in solution. Given how infrequently protein tangles occur in nature, and given the pathological outcomes that occur when tangles do arise, our data suggest that obscurin is likely either significantly scaffolded or else externally extended in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna E Mauriello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Grace E Moncure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Roujon A Nowzari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Callie J Miller
- Department of Engineering, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Nathan T Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
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4
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Mechanobiology of muscle and myofibril morphogenesis. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203760. [PMID: 34863916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Muscles generate forces for animal locomotion. The contractile apparatus of muscles is the sarcomere, a highly regular array of large actin and myosin filaments linked by gigantic titin springs. During muscle development many sarcomeres assemble in series into long periodic myofibrils that mechanically connect the attached skeleton elements. Thus, ATP-driven myosin forces can power movement of the skeleton. Here we review muscle and myofibril morphogenesis, with a particular focus on their mechanobiology. We describe recent progress on the molecular structure of sarcomeres and their mechanical connections to the skeleton. We discuss current models predicting how tension coordinates the assembly of key sarcomeric components to periodic myofibrils that then further mature during development. This requires transcriptional feedback mechanisms that may help to coordinate myofibril assembly and maturation states with the transcriptional program. To fuel the varying energy demands of muscles we also discuss the close mechanical interactions of myofibrils with mitochondria and nuclei to optimally support powerful or enduring muscle fibers.
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Rees M, Nikoopour R, Fukuzawa A, Kho AL, Fernandez-Garcia MA, Wraige E, Bodi I, Deshpande C, Özdemir Ö, Daimagüler HS, Pfuhl M, Holt M, Brandmeier B, Grover S, Fluss J, Longman C, Farrugia ME, Matthews E, Hanna M, Muntoni F, Sarkozy A, Phadke R, Quinlivan R, Oates EC, Schröder R, Thiel C, Reimann J, Voermans N, Erasmus C, Kamsteeg EJ, Konersman C, Grosmann C, McKee S, Tirupathi S, Moore SA, Wilichowski E, Hobbiebrunken E, Dekomien G, Richard I, Van den Bergh P, Domínguez-González C, Cirak S, Ferreiro A, Jungbluth H, Gautel M. Making sense of missense variants in TTN-related congenital myopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:431-453. [PMID: 33449170 PMCID: PMC7882473 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the sarcomeric protein titin, encoded by TTN, are emerging as a common cause of myopathies. The diagnosis of a TTN-related myopathy is, however, often not straightforward due to clinico-pathological overlap with other myopathies and the prevalence of TTN variants in control populations. Here, we present a combined clinico-pathological, genetic and biophysical approach to the diagnosis of TTN-related myopathies and the pathogenicity ascertainment of TTN missense variants. We identified 30 patients with a primary TTN-related congenital myopathy (CM) and two truncating variants, or one truncating and one missense TTN variant, or homozygous for one TTN missense variant. We found that TTN-related myopathies show considerable overlap with other myopathies but are strongly suggested by a combination of certain clinico-pathological features. Presentation was typically at birth with the clinical course characterized by variable progression of weakness, contractures, scoliosis and respiratory symptoms but sparing of extraocular muscles. Cardiac involvement depended on the variant position. Our biophysical analyses demonstrated that missense mutations associated with CMs are strongly destabilizing and exert their effect when expressed on a truncating background or in homozygosity. We hypothesise that destabilizing TTN missense mutations phenocopy truncating variants and are a key pathogenic feature of recessive titinopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rees
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Roksana Nikoopour
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Atsushi Fukuzawa
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Ay Lin Kho
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Wraige
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Istvan Bodi
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Özkan Özdemir
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hülya-Sevcan Daimagüler
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Mark Holt
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Birgit Brandmeier
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Sarah Grover
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Joël Fluss
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Paediatrics Subspecialties Service, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl Longman
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Emma Matthews
- MRC Neuromuscular Centre, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen's Square, London, UK
| | - Michael Hanna
- MRC Neuromuscular Centre, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen's Square, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Ros Quinlivan
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Emily C Oates
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Department of Genetics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Reimann
- Muscle Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicol Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Corrie Erasmus
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chaminda Konersman
- UCSD, Rady Children's Hospital, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Shane McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Sandya Tirupathi
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Elke Hobbiebrunken
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Richard
- Genethon and UMR_S951, INSERM, Université Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, 91002, Evry, France
| | - Peter Van den Bergh
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sebahattin Cirak
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSEK), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Des Maladies Neuromusculaires, APHP, Institut of Myology, GHU Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Basic Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
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Lange S, Pinotsis N, Agarkova I, Ehler E. The M-band: The underestimated part of the sarcomere. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118440. [PMID: 30738787 PMCID: PMC7023976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the basic unit of the myofibrils, which mediate skeletal and cardiac Muscle contraction. Two transverse structures, the Z-disc and the M-band, anchor the thin (actin and associated proteins) and thick (myosin and associated proteins) filaments to the elastic filament system composed of titin. A plethora of proteins are known to be integral or associated proteins of the Z-disc and its structural and signalling role in muscle is better understood, while the molecular constituents of the M-band and its function are less well defined. Evidence discussed here suggests that the M-band is important for managing force imbalances during active muscle contraction. Its molecular composition is fine-tuned, especially as far as the structural linkers encoded by members of the myomesin family are concerned and depends on the specific mechanical characteristics of each particular muscle fibre type. Muscle activity signals from the M-band to the nucleus and affects transcription of sarcomeric genes, especially via serum response factor (SRF). Due to its important role as shock absorber in contracting muscle, the M-band is also more and more recognised as a contributor to muscle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lange
- Biomedical Research Facility 2, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Medical Sciences Research Bldg, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613C, USA; University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikos Pinotsis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Irina Agarkova
- InSphero, Wagistrasse 27, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK; School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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7
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Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1462. [PMID: 31407867 PMCID: PMC6916202 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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8
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Chatziefthimiou SD, Hornburg P, Sauer F, Mueller S, Ugurlar D, Xu ER, Wilmanns M. Structural diversity in the atomic resolution 3D fingerprint of the titin M-band segment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226693. [PMID: 31856237 PMCID: PMC6922384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In striated muscles, molecular filaments are largely composed of long protein chains with extensive arrays of identically folded domains, referred to as “beads-on-a-string”. It remains a largely unresolved question how these domains have developed a unique molecular profile such that each carries out a distinct function without false-positive readout. This study focuses on the M-band segment of the sarcomeric protein titin, which comprises ten identically folded immunoglobulin domains. Comparative analysis of high-resolution structures of six of these domains ‒ M1, M3, M4, M5, M7, and M10 ‒ reveals considerable structural diversity within three distinct loops and a non-conserved pattern of exposed cysteines. Our data allow to structurally interpreting distinct pathological readouts that result from titinopathy-associated variants. Our findings support general principles that could be used to identify individual structural/functional profiles of hundreds of identically folded protein domains within the sarcomere and other densely crowded cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp Hornburg
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Sauer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Mueller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Deniz Ugurlar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emma-Ruoqi Xu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
- University Hamburg Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Whitley JA, Ex-Willey AM, Marzolf DR, Ackermann MA, Tongen AL, Kokhan O, Wright NT. Obscurin is a semi-flexible molecule in solution. Protein Sci 2019; 28:717-726. [PMID: 30666746 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obscurin, a giant modular cytoskeletal protein, is comprised mostly of tandem immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domains. This architecture allows obscurin to connect distal targets within the cell. The linkers connecting the Ig domains are usually short (3-4 residues). The physical effect arising from these short linkers is not known; such linkers may lead to a stiff elongated molecule or, conversely, may lead to a more compact and dynamic structure. In an effort to better understand how linkers affect obscurin flexibility, and to better understand the physical underpinnings of this flexibility, here we study the structure and dynamics of four representative sets of dual obscurin Ig domains using experimental and computational techniques. We find in all cases tested that tandem obscurin Ig domains interact at the poles of each domain and tend to stay relatively extended in solution. NMR, SAXS, and MD simulations reveal that while tandem domains are elongated, they also bend and flex significantly. By applying this behavior to a simplified model, it becomes apparent obscurin can link targets more than 200 nm away. However, as targets get further apart, obscurin begins acting as a spring and requires progressively more energy to further elongate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Whitley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807
| | - Aidan M Ex-Willey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Daniel R Marzolf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807
| | - Maegen A Ackermann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Anthony L Tongen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807
| | - Oleksandr Kokhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807
| | - Nathan T Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 22807
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10
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Roed NK, Viola CM, Kristensen O, Schluckebier G, Norrman M, Sajid W, Wade JD, Andersen AS, Kristensen C, Ganderton TR, Turkenburg JP, De Meyts P, Brzozowski AM. Structures of insect Imp-L2 suggest an alternative strategy for regulating the bioavailability of insulin-like hormones. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3860. [PMID: 30242155 PMCID: PMC6155051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling axis is an evolutionary ancient and highly conserved hormonal system involved in the regulation of metabolism, growth and lifespan in animals. Human insulin is stored in the pancreas, while insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is maintained in blood in complexes with IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP1-6). Insect insulin-like polypeptide binding proteins (IBPs) have been considered as IGFBP-like structural and functional homologues. Here, we report structures of the Drosophila IBP Imp-L2 in its free form and bound to Drosophila insulin-like peptide 5 and human IGF-1. Imp-L2 contains two immunoglobulin-like fold domains and its architecture is unrelated to human IGFBPs, suggesting a distinct strategy for bioavailability regulation of insulin-like hormones. Similar hormone binding modes may exist in other insect vectors, as the IBP sequences are highly conserved. Therefore, these findings may open research routes towards a rational interference of transmission of diseases such as malaria, dengue and yellow fevers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina M Viola
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ole Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gerd Schluckebier
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mathias Norrman
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Waseem Sajid
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Claus Kristensen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Timothy R Ganderton
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Johan P Turkenburg
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pierre De Meyts
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
- Department of Cell Signalling, de Duve Institute, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrzej M Brzozowski
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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11
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Yom-Tov G, Barak R, Matalon O, Barda-Saad M, Guez-Haddad J, Opatowsky Y. Robo Ig4 Is a Dimerization Domain. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3606-3616. [PMID: 29017837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Robo receptors play pivotal roles in axonal guidance as well as in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, cell migration, and cancer progression and invasiveness. They are considered to be attractive drug targets for the treatment of cancer, ocular neovascular disorders, chronic kidney diseases, and more. Despite their great importance, the mechanisms by which Robo receptors switch from their "off" to "on" states remain obscure. One possibility involves a monomer-to-dimer or dimer-to-monomer transition that facilitates the recruitment and activation of enzymatic effectors to instigate intracellular signaling. However, it is not known which domains mediate Robo dimerization, or the structural properties of the dimeric interactions. Here, we identify the extracellular Ig4 (D4) as a Robo dimerization domain. We have determined the crystal structure of the tandem Ig4-5 domains (D4-5) of human Robo2 and found that a hydrophobic surface on D4 mediates close homotypic contacts with a reciprocal D4. Analytical ultracentrifugation measurements of intact and mutated D4-5 shows that dimerization through the D4 interface is specific and has a dimerization dissociation constant of 16.9μM in solution. Direct fluorescence resonance energy transfer dimerization measurements in HEK293 cells corroborate the dimerization of transmembrane hRobo2 through D4, and a functional COS-7 cell collapse assay links D4-mediated dimerization with Robo intracellular signaling. The high level of conservation in the D4 dimerization interface throughout all Robo orthologs and paralogs implies that D4-mediated dimerization is a central hallmark in Robo activation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Yom-Tov
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Reut Barak
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Omri Matalon
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Mira Barda-Saad
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Julia Guez-Haddad
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yarden Opatowsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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12
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Randazzo D, Pierantozzi E, Rossi D, Sorrentino V. The potential of obscurin as a therapeutic target in muscle disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:897-910. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1361931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Randazzo
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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13
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Manring HR, Carter OA, Ackermann MA. Obscure functions: the location-function relationship of obscurins. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:245-258. [PMID: 28510116 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The obscurin family of polypeptides is essential for normal striated muscle function and contributes to the pathogenesis of fatal diseases, including cardiomyopathies and cancers. The single mammalian obscurin gene, OBSCN, gives rise to giant (∼800 kDa) and smaller (∼40-500 kDa) proteins that are composed of tandem adhesion and signaling motifs. Mammalian obscurin proteins are expressed in a variety of cell types, including striated muscles, and localize to distinct subcellular compartments where they contribute to diverse cellular processes. Obscurin homologs in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila possess a similar domain architecture and are also expressed in striated muscles. The long sought after question, "what does obscurin do?" is complex and cannot be addressed without taking into consideration the subcellular distribution of these proteins and local isoform concentration. Herein, we present an overview of the functions of obscurins and begin to define the intricate relationship between their subcellular distributions and functions in striated muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Manring
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Olivia A Carter
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maegen A Ackermann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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14
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Hackman P, Udd B, Bönnemann CG, Ferreiro A. 219th ENMC International Workshop Titinopathies International database of titin mutations and phenotypes, Heemskerk, The Netherlands, 29 April-1 May 2016. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:396-407. [PMID: 28214268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University, Finland
| | | | - Ana Ferreiro
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS, France; Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, France
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15
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Pernigo S, Fukuzawa A, Beedle AEM, Holt M, Round A, Pandini A, Garcia-Manyes S, Gautel M, Steiner RA. Binding of Myomesin to Obscurin-Like-1 at the Muscle M-Band Provides a Strategy for Isoform-Specific Mechanical Protection. Structure 2016; 25:107-120. [PMID: 27989621 PMCID: PMC5222588 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomeric cytoskeleton is a network of modular proteins that integrate mechanical and signaling roles. Obscurin, or its homolog obscurin-like-1, bridges the giant ruler titin and the myosin crosslinker myomesin at the M-band. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying the physical obscurin(-like-1):myomesin connection, important for mechanical integrity of the M-band, remained elusive. Here, using a combination of structural, cellular, and single-molecule force spectroscopy techniques, we decode the architectural and functional determinants defining the obscurin(-like-1):myomesin complex. The crystal structure reveals a trans-complementation mechanism whereby an incomplete immunoglobulin-like domain assimilates an isoform-specific myomesin interdomain sequence. Crucially, this unconventional architecture provides mechanical stability up to forces of ∼135 pN. A cellular competition assay in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes validates the complex and provides the rationale for the isoform specificity of the interaction. Altogether, our results reveal a novel binding strategy in sarcomere assembly, which might have implications on muscle nanomechanics and overall M-band organization. The structure of the human obscurin-like-1:myomesin complex has been determined A myomesin sequence complements an immunoglobulin fold of obscurin-like-1 This binding mechanism provides mechanical stability up to forces of ∼135 pN Possible implications on muscle nanomechanics and M-band organization are discussed
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pernigo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Atsushi Fukuzawa
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Amy E M Beedle
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Mark Holt
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Adam Round
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 38042 Grenoble, France; School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Alessandro Pandini
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Department of Computer Science and Synthetic Biology Theme, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Roberto A Steiner
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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16
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Gautel M, Djinović-Carugo K. The sarcomeric cytoskeleton: from molecules to motion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:135-45. [PMID: 26792323 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.124941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly ordered organisation of striated muscle is the prerequisite for the fast and unidirectional development of force and motion during heart and skeletal muscle contraction. A group of proteins, summarised as the sarcomeric cytoskeleton, is essential for the ordered assembly of actin and myosin filaments into sarcomeres, by combining architectural, mechanical and signalling functions. This review discusses recent cell biological, biophysical and structural insight into the regulated assembly of sarcomeric cytoskeleton proteins and their roles in dissipating mechanical forces in order to maintain sarcomere integrity during passive extension and active contraction. α-Actinin crosslinks in the Z-disk show a pivot-and-rod structure that anchors both titin and actin filaments. In contrast, the myosin crosslinks formed by myomesin in the M-band are of a ball-and-spring type and may be crucial in providing stable yet elastic connections during active contractions, especially eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Gautel
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and Cardiovascular Division, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kristina Djinović-Carugo
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, Vienna A-1030, Austria Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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17
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Structural advances on titin: towards an atomic understanding of multi-domain functions in myofilament mechanics and scaffolding. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 43:850-5. [PMID: 26517893 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Titin is a gigantic filamentous protein of the muscle sarcomere that plays roles in myofibril mechanics and homoeostasis. 3D-structures of multi-domain fragments of titin are now available that start revealing the molecular mechanisms governing its mechanical and scaffolding functions. This knowledge is now being translated into the fabrication of self-assembling biopolymers. Here we review the structural advances on titin, the novel concepts derived from these and the emerging translational avenues.
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18
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Temple JE, Oehler MC, Wright NT. Chemical shift assignments for the Ig2 domain of human obscurin A. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2016; 10:63-65. [PMID: 26373426 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-015-9638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The giant sarcomeric protein obscurin (~720 kDa) is an essential contributor to myofibrillogenesis and acts as the only known tether between the contractile apparatus and the surrounding membrane structures in myofibrils. Genomic characterization of OBSCN suggests a modular architecture, consisting of dozens of individually-folded Ig-like and FnIII-like domains arranged in tandem. Here we describe the sequence-specific chemical shift assignments of the second putative obscurin Ig-like domain (Ig2). This domain specifically binds to MyBP-C slow variant-1 through an unknown mechanism. Ultimately, the assignments presented here will facilitate high-resolution structure determination of Ig2 and provide insight into the specificity of the obscurin-MyBP-C interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Temple
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, 901 Carrier Dr., Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Matthew C Oehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, 901 Carrier Dr., Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Nathan T Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, 901 Carrier Dr., Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
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19
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An eccentric calpain, CAPN3/p94/calpain-3. Biochimie 2016; 122:169-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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