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Thadathil Varghese J, Raju R, Farrar P, Prentice L, Prusty BG. Comparative analysis of self-cure and dual cure-dental composites on their physico-mechanical behaviour. Aust Dent J 2024; 69:124-138. [PMID: 38131257 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practitioners may have become familiar with the rapid transformation of dental composites. However, they may not scientifically understand the factors influencing the mechanical and physical properties. Scientific knowledge of filler-resin interaction can significantly improve clinical understanding of resin composites. Several independent studies have examined the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of dental resin composites; however, no comprehensive study has examined the influence of fillers and resin materials on the physico-mechanical properties of both self-cure and dual-cure composites. METHODS This study performed investigations on the physico-mechanical behaviour of four commercially available dual-cure dental composites (Bioactive, Fill Up!, Surefil One, Cention N) and two commercially available self-cure dental composites (Stela Capsule and Stela Automix). Test specimens for flexural and compressive strength, microhardness, fracture toughness, and hydrolytic behaviour were prepared and tested as per respective standards. The data sets were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc comparison. RESULTS There was a substantial variation in flexural strength and modulus values in this study, ranging from 32.0 to 113.4 MPa and 2.36 to 12.07 GPa, respectively. Similarly, there were significant differences in compressive strength between the materials in this study, ranging from 119.3 to 223.5 MPa. The highest fracture toughness value was found to be 1.41 MPa.m0.5, while the lowest value was 0.43 MPa.m0.5. Variations in surface microhardness were significant (24.11-68.0 N/mm2), which correlated with the filler content. Water sorption and solubility demonstrated high variations among materials, with Surefil One exceeding ISO 4049 thresholds significantly. CONCLUSIONS A linear correlation can be established between surface microhardness (HV) and flexural and compressive moduli, as well as filler content (wt.%). However, both flexural and compressive strengths are impacted by the resin's constituent monomers and the resin-filler matrix's cross-linking capability. Additionally, factors such as filler size, shape, and the cross-linking ability of the resin-filler matrix play a crucial role in fracture toughness and the propagation of cracks within the restoration. Also, resin monomers and filler particle size affect the hydrolytic degradation characteristics of composites, which can also affect their mechanical properties. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thadathil Varghese
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Raju
- ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Farrar
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Prentice
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - B G Prusty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Composites Manufacturing CRC Ltd. (ACM CRC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Gallicchio V, Spinelli V, Russo T, Marino C, Spagnuolo G, Rengo C, De Santis R. Highly Reinforced Acrylic Resins for Hard Tissue Engineering and Their Suitability to Be Additively Manufactured through Nozzle-Based Photo-Printing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:37. [PMID: 38203891 PMCID: PMC10779947 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mineralized connective tissues represent the hardest materials of human tissues, and polymer based composite materials are widely used to restore damaged tissues. In particular, light activated resins and composites are generally considered as the most popular choice in the restorative dental practice. The first purpose of this study is to investigate novel highly reinforced light activated particulate dental composites. An innovative additive manufacturing technique, based on the extrusion of particle reinforced photo-polymers, has been recently developed for processing composites with a filler fraction (w/w) only up to 10%. The second purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of 3D printing highly reinforced composites. A variety of composites based on 2,2-bis(acryloyloxymethyl)butyl acrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate reinforced with silica, titanium dioxide, and zirconia nanoparticles were designed and investigated through compression tests. The composite showing the highest mechanical properties was processed through the 3D bioplotter AK12 equipped with the Enfis Uno Air LED Engine. The composite showing the highest stiffness and strength was successfully processed through 3D printing, and a four-layer composite scaffold was realized. Mechanical properties of particulate composites can be tailored by modifying the type and amount of the filler fraction. It is possible to process highly reinforced photopolymerizable composite materials using additive manufacturing technologies consisting of 3D fiber deposition through extrusion in conjunction with photo-polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gallicchio
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (V.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (V.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Teresa Russo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ciro Marino
- University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.G.); (V.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Roberto De Santis
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, V.le J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy;
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Falcinelli C, Valente F, Vasta M, Traini T. Finite element analysis in implant dentistry: State of the art and future directions. Dent Mater 2023:S0109-5641(23)00092-1. [PMID: 37080880 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the state of the art of Finite Element (FE) modeling in implant dentistry, to highlight the principal features and the current limitations, and giving recommendations to pave the way for future studies. METHODS The articles' search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using specific keywords. The articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after title, abstract and full-text evaluation. A total of 147 studies were included in this review. RESULTS To date, the FE analysis of the bone-dental implant system has been investigated by analyzing several types of implants; modeling only a portion of bone considered as isotropic material, despite its anisotropic behavior; assuming in most cases complete osseointegration; considering compressive or oblique forces acting on the implant; neglecting muscle forces and the bone remodeling process. Finally, there is no standardized approach for FE modeling in the dentistry field. SIGNIFICANCE FE modeling is an effective computational tool to investigate the long-term stability of implants. The ultimate aim is to transfer such technology into clinical practice to help dentists in the diagnostic and therapeutic phases. To do this, future research should deeply investigate the loading influence on the bone-implant complex at a microscale level. This is a key factor still not adequately studied. Thus, a multiscale model could be useful, allowing to account for this information through multiple length scales. It could help to obtain information about the relationship among implant design, distribution of bone stress, and bone growth. Finally, the adoption of a standardized approach will be necessary, in order to make FE modeling highly predictive of the implant's long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Falcinelli
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, Pescara 65127, Italy.
| | - Francesco Valente
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Marcello Vasta
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, Pescara 65127, Italy
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
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Influence of Air-Barrier and Curing Light Distance on Conversion and Micro-Hardness of Dental Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245346. [PMID: 36559715 PMCID: PMC9785261 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the conversion degree and hardness behavior of two new commercial dental restorative composites that have been submitted to light curing in different environments (air and glycerin, respectively) at various distances from the light source (1 to 5 mm) and to better understand the influence of the preparation conditions of the restorative materials. Through FT-IR spectrometry, the crosslinking degree of the commercial restorative materials have been investigated and different conversion values were obtained (from ~17% to ~90%) but more importantly, it was shown that the polymerization environment exhibits a significant influence on the crosslinking degree of the resin-based composites especially for obtaining degrees of higher polymerization. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the restorative materials were studied using the nanoindentation technique showing that the nano-hardness behavior is strongly influenced not only by the polymerization lamp position, but also by the chemical structure of the materials and polymerization conditions. Thus, the nanoindentation results showed that the highest nano-hardness values (~0.86 GPa) were obtained in the case of the flowable C3 composite that contains BisEMA and UDMA as a polymerizable organic matrix when crosslinked at 1 mm distance from the curing lamp using glycerin as an oxygen-inhibitor layer.
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Khan AA, Fareed MA, Alshehri AH, Aldegheishem A, Alharthi R, Saadaldin SA, Zafar MS. Mechanical Properties of the Modified Denture Base Materials and Polymerization Methods: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5737. [PMID: 35628546 PMCID: PMC9143457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amidst growing technological advancements, newer denture base materials and polymerization methods have been introduced. During fabrication, certain mechanical properties are vital for the clinical longevity of the denture base. This systematic review aimed to explore the effect of newer denture base materials and/or polymerization methods on the mechanical properties of the denture base. An electronic database search of English peer-reviewed published papers was conducted using related keywords from 1 January 2011, up until 31 December 2021. This systematic review was based on guidelines proposed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search identified 579 papers. However, the inclusion criteria recognized 22 papers for eligibility. The risk of bias was moderate in all studies except in two where it was observed as low. Heat cure polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and compression moulding using a water bath is still a widely used base material and polymerization technique, respectively. However, chemically modified PMMA using monomers, oligomers, copolymers and cross-linking agents may have a promising result. Although chemically modified PMMA resin might enhance the mechanical properties of denture base material, no clear inferences can be drawn about the superiority of any polymerization method other than the conventional compression moulding technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amber Fareed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Abdulkarim Hussain Alshehri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alhanoof Aldegheishem
- Department of Clinical Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rasha Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Selma A. Saadaldin
- Prosthodontics Division, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
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Impact of Maximum Tongue Pressure in Patients with Jaw Deformities Who Underwent Orthognathic Surgery. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020404. [PMID: 35204495 PMCID: PMC8871112 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malocclusion and morphological abnormalities of the jawbone often affect the stomatognathic function and long-term postoperative stability in patients with jaw deformities. There are few reports on the effect of maximum tongue pressure (MTP) in these patients. We investigated the relationship between the MTP and jawbone morphology and the effect of the MTP on surgery in 42 patients with jaw deformity who underwent surgical orthodontic treatment at Hiroshima University Hospital. The MTP was measured using a tongue pressure measurement device; the average value was considered as the MTP. Based on the MTP measured before surgery, patients were classified into the high- or the low-MTP group. The clinical findings and results of the cephalometric analysis were compared. Posterior movement of the mandible in the high-MTP group was significantly lower than that in the low-MTP group. The ANB angle, overjet, and overbite in the high-MTP group were significantly smaller than those in the low-MTP group. On the other hand, there was no difference between the two groups in the measured values, indicating a labial inclination of the anterior teeth (U1 to SN, U1 to FH, IMPA, and FMIA). MTP has been suggested to affect mandibular prognathism in patients with jaw deformities.
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Alemayehu DB, Jeng YR. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Investigation into Effects of Implant Thread Design and Loading Rate on Stress Distribution in Dental Implants and Anisotropic Bone. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226974. [PMID: 34832374 PMCID: PMC8624479 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the implant thread shape and occlusal load behavior may result in significant changes in the biological and mechanical properties of dental implants and surrounding bone tissue. Most previous studies consider a single implant thread design, an isotropic bone structure, and a static occlusal load. However, the effects of different thread designs, bone material properties, and loading conditions are important concerns in clinical practice. Accordingly, the present study performs Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations to investigate the static, quasi-static and dynamic response of the implant and implanted bone material under various thread designs and occlusal loading directions (buccal-lingual, mesiodistal and apical). The simulations focus specifically on the von Mises stress, displacement, shear stress, compressive stress, and tensile stress within the implant and the surrounding bone. The results show that the thread design and occlusal loading rate have a significant effect on the stress distribution and deformation of the implant and bone structure during clinical applications. Overall, the results provide a useful insight into the design of enhanced dental implants for an improved load transfer efficiency and success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit-Bogale Alemayehu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Yeau-Ren Jeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- School of Smart Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center (MDIC), National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-933278212
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Aminoroaya A, Bagheri R, Nouri Khorasani S, Talebi Z, Derakhshanfar P, Esmaeely Neisiany R. Mesoporous silica aerogel reinforced dental composite: Effects of microstructure and surface modification. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104947. [PMID: 34736020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A mesoporous silica aerogel (SiA) with a high specific surface area was synthesized through the sol-gel process and subsequently modified with two different silane-based modifiers to reveals the effect of microstructure and surface modification on the fracture mechanics of a dental composite. The synthesized and modified aerogel were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The prepared aerogels were then incorporated within methacrylate-based dental composites with the filler content of 0-35 wt%. Flexural modulus (FM) and Flexural strength (FS) were evaluated by the three-point bending test. The fracture toughness (FT) of the composites was evaluated by single edge V-notched beam (SEVNB) flexure test, while FESEM was employed to investigate the fracture surface morphology of the composites. Furthermore, the wettability of the composites was assessed according to the sessile drop method. The characterization of synthesized aerogels revealed the formation of SiA with a surface area of 550-560 m2/g and porosity of 77%, while FTIR results confirmed the successful modification. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, p≤0.05, and n = 5) revealed that FM significantly enhanced (from 1.43 GPa to 2.66 GPa) as filler content increased over 0-30 wt%, and FS improved (from 80 to 95 MPa) as filler content increased over 0-15 wt%. Furthermore, the modification of aerogels improved both fracture characteristics and the wettability of the composites. The FT evaluations and fractography analysis revealed that the mesoporous structure of the fillers mainly dominated the filler-matrix adhesion strength at the same filler content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Aminoroaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Bagheri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Saied Nouri Khorasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Zahra Talebi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Parham Derakhshanfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 9617976487, Iran.
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The Effectiveness of Dental Protection and the Material Arrangement in Custom-Made Mouthguards. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental research studies have shown that wearing a mouthguard (MG) is an effective way to prevent tooth or maxillofacial trauma. However, there is a lack of scientific information regarding how the material arrangement within the mouthguard can modify its mechanical response during an impact. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of material arrangement within custom-made mouthguards on stress transmitted to anterior teeth, bone, and soft tissue after impact. Four 3D finite element models of a human maxilla were reconstructed based on the CBCT of a young patient and analyzed according to the presence or absence of a mouthguard and the type of material arrangement within those with a mouthguard: model NMG with no mouthguard; model CMG representing the conventional arrangement with a single 4 mm-thick ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foil; model FMG presenting layer arrangement with two 1 mm-thick foils of EVA in the outer shell and one 2 mm-thick foil of EVA foam in the core; model HMG presenting a 1 mm-thick compact inner and outer shell of EVA and a 2 mm wide air-filled zone in the core. Linear quasi-static analysis and frontal load were used to simulate an impact with an energy of 4.4 J. Isotropic linear elastic properties were assumed for the bone and teeth but not for the mouthguard protection and oral soft tissues. The results were evaluated and compared in terms of displacement, stretches, and stresses. All the mouthguards analyzed reduced the risk of injury to teeth and bone, reducing the displacement and stress of these structures. However, the implementation of a honeycomb structured layer allowed more significant displacement and deformation of the mouthguard’s external layer, thus promoting higher protection of the anatomic structures, namely the root dentin and the bone tissue. Nevertheless, the results also indicate that improving the mouthguard flexibility might increase the soft tissue injuries.
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Aldegheishem A, AlDeeb M, Al-Ahdal K, Helmi M, Alsagob EI. Influence of Reinforcing Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Resin: A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183083. [PMID: 34577983 PMCID: PMC8470293 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the influence of fillers in denture base resin is vague. This systematic review aimed to report the reinforcing effect of fillers on the mechanical properties of denture base resin by following PRISMA guidelines. Two electronic databases (Pubmed/Medline & Web of Science) were searched for articles using the keywords: fibers in denture base, fillers in denture base, and reinforcement of denture base. Laboratory studies complying with the inclusion criteria were reviewed according to the set protocol. The established focus question was: "Do reinforcing fillers positively influence the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) heat polymerized denture base material?" A total of twenty-nine relevant papers qualified for final inclusion. Of these, 24 were determined to have a moderate risk of bias. Micron or nano-sized metal/metal oxides particles and glass fibers were the frequently used reinforcing agents. The trend of evaluating fractural strength (FS) was common. Most of the studies limited the use of reinforcing agents up to 5 wt.%. FS, fracture toughness (FT), and impact strength (IS) tend to increase if the fillers are chemically bonded and well-dispersed in denture base resin. Though fillers with a higher elastic modulus increase the hardness of the reinforced denture base resin, they compromise other mechanical properties. Well-dispersed lower filler loading PMMA denture base resin can enhance the FS, FT, and other related mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhanoof Aldegheishem
- Clinical Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Modhi AlDeeb
- Department of Prosthodontic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khold Al-Ahdal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Helmi
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman I. Alsagob
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-555-178-877
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Fischer M, Mertas A, Czuba ZP, Skucha-Nowak M. Study of Cytotoxic Properties of an Experimental Preparation with Features of a Dental Infiltrant. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092442. [PMID: 34066813 PMCID: PMC8125919 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microinvasive dentistry is based on the treatment of early carious lesions with the use of dental infiltrants. The commercially available Icon dental infiltrant does not contain any bacteriostatic component. An experimental preparation enriched with the missing component was synthesised. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the experimental preparation. Mouse fibroblasts of the L-929 lineage were used for the in vitro study. Cell morphology and viability were assessed. In the cytotoxicity analysis, it was shown that the experimental preparation (42.8 ± 10.3) after 24 h at two-fold dilution showed similar cytotoxicity to Icon (42.7 ± 8.8) (p > 0.05), while at four-fold dilution experimental preparation (46.7 ± 3.1), it was less toxic than Icon (34.2 ± 3.1) (p < 0.05). The experimental preparation has the potential to provide an alternative to the Icon commercial preparation. Further research is needed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the experimental preparation over a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Fischer
- Unit of Dental Propedeutics, Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-322-827-942
| | - Anna Mertas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Zenon Paweł Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.); (Z.P.C.)
| | - Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak
- Unit of Dental Propedeutics, Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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Matsuzaki K, Shimada Y, Shinno Y, Ono S, Yamaji K, Ohara N, Sadr A, Sumi Y, Tagami J, Yoshiyama M. Assessment of Demineralization Inhibition Effects of Dentin Desensitizers Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081876. [PMID: 33918865 PMCID: PMC8069961 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of action and the inhibiting effects of two types of desensitizers against dentin demineralization using pre-demineralized hypersensitivity tooth model in vitro. In this study, we confirmed that a hypersensitivity tooth model from our preliminary experiment could be prepared by immersing dentin discs in an acetic acid-based solution with pH 5.0 for three days. Dentin discs with three days of demineralization were prepared and applied by one of the desensitizers containing calcium fluoro-alumino-silicate glass (Nanoseal, NS) or fluoro-zinc-silicate glass (Caredyne Shield, CS), followed by an additional three days of demineralization. Dentin discs for three days of demineralization (de3) and six days of demineralization (de6) without the desensitizers were also prepared. The dentin discs after the experimental protocol were scanned using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to image the cross-sectional (2D) view of the samples and evaluate the SS-OCT signal. The signal intensity profiles of SS-OCT from the region of interest of 300, 500, and 700 µm in depth were obtained to calculate the integrated signal intensity and signal attenuation coefficient. The morphological differences and remaining chemical elements of the dentin discs were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. SS-OCT images of CS and NS groups showed no obvious differences between the groups. However, SS-OCT signal profiles for both the CS and NS groups showed smaller attenuation coefficients and larger integrated signal intensities than those of the de6 group. Reactional deposits of the desensitizers even after the additional three days of demineralization were observed on the dentin surface in NS group, whereas remnants containing Zn were detected within the dentinal tubules in CS group. Consequently, both CS and NS groups showed inhibition effects against the additional three days of demineralization in this study. Our findings demonstrate that SS-OCT signal analysis can be used to monitor the dentin demineralization and inhibition effects of desensitizers against dentin demineralization in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Matsuzaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6672
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yasuo Shinno
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Serina Ono
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kozo Yamaji
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Naoko Ohara
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics Biomechanics & Technology Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA;
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, Department for Advanced Dental Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Ger Ontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan;
| | - Junji Tagami
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Yoshiyama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Field of Study of Biofunctional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.); (S.O.); (K.Y.); (N.O.); (M.Y.)
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13
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Muntean A, Sarosi C, Sava S, Moldovan M, Condurache AI, Delean AG. Dental Sealant Composition-Retention Assessment in Young Permanent Molars. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071646. [PMID: 33801674 PMCID: PMC8036559 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tooth decay in children and adolescents remains a public health problem, despite prophylaxis and preventive measures being largely available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical behavior of four dental sealants, related to first permanent molar topography and patient age (when sealant was applied for the first time). We assessed, by means of visual inspection and palpation with a dental probe, a group of 200 children, enrolled corresponding to school age-grade (mean age of 7 years at baseline) and randomly divided according to the material used as dental sealant (Admira seal©, Embrace Wet Bond©, Fotoseal©, GC Fuji Triaje©) in 4 groups (n = 50). Sealant clinical evaluation was made at 6-, 12-, 18-month intervals for dental material retention assessment. At 6 months, the sealant detached the most from 3.6 molars, and the material used was Fotoseal© (27.6%). At 12 months, Fotoseal© (48.3%) and GC Fuji Triaje© (41.4%) from 3.6 molars express detachment. At 18 months, 4.6. molars sealed with Admira Seal© (25.7%) and Embrace Wet Bond© (28.6%) lost the sealant. We noticed less detachment in maxillary molars and if sealant was applied around 7 years of age. In conclusion, sealant application on first permanent molars must be encouraged and practitioners can choose between various materials available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina Muntean
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 31 A. Iancu Street, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Codruta Sarosi
- Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Department of Polymer Composites, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Str., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.S.); Tel.: + 40-720-675-577 (S.S.)
| | - Sorina Sava
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 15 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.S.); Tel.: + 40-720-675-577 (S.S.)
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Department of Polymer Composites, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Str., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andrei Ilie Condurache
- Resident Physician—Laboratory Medicine, Cluj County Clinical Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 3-5, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ada Gabriela Delean
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Motilor Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Effect of Two Immediate Dentin Sealing Approaches on Bond Strength of Lava™ CAD/CAM Indirect Restoration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071629. [PMID: 33810529 PMCID: PMC8036871 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to compare the micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/ Computer-Aided Manufacturing) specimens cemented with different pairing of adhesives and resin-cements using two Immediate Dentin Dealing (IDS) approaches in comparison with Delay Dentin Sealing (DDS). Coronal dentin from 108 molars were divided into nine groups (n = 12) depending on the adhesive/resin-cement (A-C) assigned. Lava™ Ultimate (4 × 10 × 10 mm) was cemented according to different strategies: IDS1(cementation after dentin sealing), DDS (dentin sealing and cementation at 2-weeks), IDS2 (immediate dentin sealing and cementation at 2-weeks). Samples were sectioned and tested until failure to determine the µTBS. Failure mode was categorized as dentin/cement (DC), at Lava™ Ultimate/cement (LC) and hybrid (H). Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests and influence of the type of failure on the µTBS by survival analysis with competing risk was explored. Mostly, µTBS values were equal or higher in IDS2 than DDS. In general, A-Cs that showed higher µTBS, have high percentages of LC failure. Survival analysis with competing risk between DC + H and LC values showed that some A-Cs would significantly increase the µTBS values for IDS2. A-Cs with the highest adhesion values showed a high percentage of fractures at the LC interface, suggesting that the adhesion at the adhesive/dentin interface would be higher.
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Clindamycin-Based 3D-Printed and Electrospun Coatings for Treatment of Implant-Related Infections. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061464. [PMID: 33802712 PMCID: PMC8002500 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the development and characterisation of two novel bioactive coatings deposited on TiAlV and AISI 316LVM substrates. The coatings were prepared using 3D printing and electrospinning. The 3D-printed coating consisted of the cellulose nanofibril suspension, alginate, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), while CMC and polyethylene oxide were used to prepare the electrospun coating. Both coatings were loaded with the antibiotic clindamycin (CLIN), which is a bacteriostatic lincosamide known for its activity against streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, Bacteroides species, and other anaerobes. Initial characterisation of the coatings was performed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the contact angle measurements, swelling rate, and biodegradability of the coatings were investigated. The released concentration of CLIN in PBS (pH = 7.4 at 25 °C) was determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The coatings’ biocompatibility was determined using an MTT (3(4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay using an osteoblast cell culture (hFOB 1.19, ATCC CRL 11372).
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16
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Failure Mechanisms of an Al 6061 Alloy Foam under Dynamic Conditions. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061349. [PMID: 33799593 PMCID: PMC7998218 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The interesting properties of Al 6061 aluminum foams have boosted the research on the correlation between foam composition and morphology and its mechanical response under dynamic conditions. In this study, ingots of an Al 6061-T4 foam were sectioned and analyzed in order to determine their microstructural and morphological characteristics, and then quasi-static and dynamic tests (10-3 to 3 × 102 s-1) were carried out to determine the material mechanical behavior. Dynamic tests, carried out by using the split Hopkinson bar, highlighted that the studied foam is characterized by a very good energy absorption capability, due to its ductile behavior. Nevertheless, the conducted research showed that cell morphology and distribution affect its mechanical behavior in dynamic conditions in which localized cell collapse may result in a decreased energy absorption and efficiency of the foam.
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17
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Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Endocrown Biomechanical Response According to Different Pulp Chamber Extension Angles and Filling Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051307. [PMID: 33803194 PMCID: PMC7963147 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of pulp chamber extension angles and filling material mechanical properties on the biomechanical response of a ceramic endocrown. A 3D model of maxillary molar that underwent endodontically treatment was exported to computer aided design software to conduct finite element analysis (FEA). The endocrown model was modified considering different pulp chamber extension angles (right angle; 6°, 12° and 18° of axial divergence). The solids were imported into the computer aided engineering software in Standard for the Exchange of Product Data (STEP) format. Nine different filling materials were simulated to seal the orifice of the root canal system under each endocrown restoration (resin composite, bulk-fill resin composite, alkasite, flowable resin composite, glass ionomer cement, autocured resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement, resin cement, bulk-fill flowable resin composite, zinc oxide cement), totaling 36 models. An axial load (300 N) was applied at the occlusal surface. Results were determined by colorimetric graphs of von-Misses stress (VMS) and Maximum Principal Stress (MPS) on tooth, cement layer, and endocrown restorations. VMS distribution showed a similar pattern between the models, with more stress at the load region for the right-angled endocrowns. The MPS showed that the endocrown intaglio surface and cement layer showed different mechanical responses with different filing materials and pulp chamber angles. The stress peaks plotted in the dispersion plot showed that the filling material stiffness is proportional to the stress magnitude in the endocrown, cement layer and tooth adhesive surface. In addition, the higher the pulp chamber preparation angle, the higher the stress peak in the restoration and tooth, and the lower the stress in the cement layer. Therefore, 6° and 12° pulp chamber angles showed more promising balance between the stresses of the adhesive interface structures. Under the conditions of this study, rigid filling materials were avoided to seal the orifice of root canal system when an endocrown restoration was planned as rehabilitation. In addition, the pulp chamber axial walls were prepared between 6° and 12° of divergence to balance the stress magnitude in the adhesive interface for this treatment modality.
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Effect of Shrinking and No Shrinking Dentine and Enamel Replacing Materials in Posterior Restoration: A 3D-FEA Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of shrinking and no shrinking dental filling materials combination in posterior restorations under the combined effects of polymerization shrinkage and occlusal load by means of 3D Finite Elements Analysis. Six computer-generated and restored class I or class II cavities models of a lower molar were designed in the CAD software and evaluated according to the cavity and restorative procedure. Different shrinking and no shrinking adhesive materials combination with diverse Young’s modulus were considered. A food bolus was modeled on the occlusal surface replicating the chewing load using static linear analyses Polymerization shrinkage was simulated for the shrinking different restorative materials. The maximum principal stress was selected as analysis criteria. All models exhibited higher stresses along the dentine restoration interfaces with different magnitude and a similar stress trend along enamel restoration interface. Stress values up to 22 MPa and 19 MPa were recorded in the enamel and restoration, respectively. The use of elastic not shrinking material layer in combination with bulk fill composite reduced the stress magnitude in dentine and enamel to replace dental tissues. Class I and class II posterior cavities adhesively restored with shrinking filling material’s combination showed the most unfavorable stress concentrations and the multilayer technique is a promising restorative alternative in posterior adhesive restorations when deep dentin and enamel volumes are missing.
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19
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The Cytotoxicity Assessment of Novel Formulation Developed to Reduce Dentin Hypersensitivity Utilizing Dehydrogenase Assay. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The problem of real treatment of teeth hypersensitivity is still important and unsolved. The main goal of the experiment was to calculate the possible toxic effects on the fibroblasts cells CCL-1™ (NCTC clone 929) caused by original preparation to reduce tooth surfaces’ hypersensitivity, compared to the marketable preparation Seal & Protect (Dentsply). The assessment was made through measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH assay). Lactate dehydrogenase releases from the cell’s cytoplasm to the culture medium as a result of cell membrane damage and lysis of the cells. The measurement is based on an assessment of the ability of LDH to oxidize lactic acid to pyruvic acid, which is dependent on the increase of the release level. The increase of LDH activity in the supernatants of cell cultures shows a relationship with the percentage of dead cells (increased cytotoxicity correlates with the increasing content of dead cells). In the LDH assay, both formulations evaluated after 24 h obtained results which were located below the control values. After seven days, the mean values obtained in cytotoxicity assay LDH are measurable and lower for the original formulation in comparison to the commercial one at the dilution of 1:5. At the dilution with 1:10 ratio, they are comparable and within the range of accepted values. At the maximal dilution of 1:15, the results are higher for the experimental formulation in comparison to the marketable formulation. The polymerization process is beneficial for the cytotoxicity test results in case of both tested preparations. Average values of cytotoxicity of both preparations attain an acceptable level of less than 22.6 ± 8.1%, reliant on the degree of dilution and the remark time. Original formulation is characterized by a greater homogeneity of results. The marketable preparation has a larger diversity of effects, dependent on the time of observation and attenuation; however, the cytotoxicity values are lower when paralleled to the experimental formulation in the test conducted after seven days. This should not have a disastrous effect on the pulp, as the values of both as the values of both preparations are within expected ranges. The obtained results allows to assume that will be possible to introduce the original formulation to the stage of clinical trials in the future.
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20
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Alqaisy A, Kabbesh K, Alawwad M, Kosyreva TF, Katbeh I, Khasan AM. [Evaluation of the effect of sodium hypochlorite gel on composite bonding strength to enamel of primary teeth after salivary contamination: in vitro study]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2021; 100:15-18. [PMID: 33528950 DOI: 10.17116/stomat202110001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the effect of 2%s odium hypochlorite gel application after post-etching salivary contamination on composite bonding strength to primary teeth enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample consisted of 79 primary human teeth that were extracted no more than one month ago. The sample was randomly divided into four groups: (1) the control group (A) comprised 10 primary teeth, and composites were applied in the traditional manner without any salivary contamination; (2) the second group (B) consisted of 23 primary teeth in which salivary contamination was conducted after etching followed by re-etching and follow-up; (3) the third group (C) comprised 23 primary teeth in which saliva contamination was done after etching followed by washing, drying, and follow-up; and (4) the fourth group (D) comprised 23 primary teeth, in which salivary contamination was conducted after etching followed by application of sodium hypochlorite gel and follow-up. The samples were tested using the Testometric Tensile Strength Device (Testometric M350-10 kN, Testometric Ltd., UK) to measure the composite bonding strength to enamel of primary teeth. RESULTS The arithmetic mean strength values in the research sample were ordered as followed: (A=13.39 MPa) > (D=11.82 MPa) > (C=8.07 MPa) > (B=6.15 MPa). The application of sodium hypochlorite gel after salivary contamination significantly improved the composite bonding strength to primary teeth enamel when compared with re-etching or only washing and drying. CONCLUSION 15 s exposition of sodium hypochlorite gel with subsequent rinse and drying is recommended in case of saliva contamination of etched primary tooth enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Alawwad
- Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - T F Kosyreva
- Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - I Katbeh
- Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Khasan
- Medical Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Alrahlah A, Khan R, Al-Odayni AB, Saeed WS, Bautista LS, Vohra F. Evaluation of Synergic Potential of rGO/SiO 2 as Hybrid Filler for BisGMA/TEGDMA Dental Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12123025. [PMID: 33348853 PMCID: PMC7765991 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene and graphene oxide based nanomaterials have attained immense significance in research because of their matchless physiochemical characteristics. Although potential biomedical applications of graphene have been extensively studied, however, dentistry related applications were rarely explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of various percentages of surface modified reduce graphene oxide (S-rGO) in combination with SiO2 nanoparticles (bulk filler) on numerous physio-mechanical characteristics of acrylate-based (BisGMA/TEGDMA: 1:1 by wt.) composites. BisGMA/TEGDMA reinforced with 30 wt.% surface modified fumed-silica (S-A200) was considered as control group (base composite). Various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 wt.%) of S-rGO were incorporated into the base composite via solution casting and high-speed mixing. The obtained composites were characterized for rheological properties before curing by using Rheometer (Anton Paar, USA) in the oscillatory mode under a frequency sweep over a range of angular frequency of 0.1–100 rad/s at 25 °C. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A Nano-indentation test was carried out to obtain nano-hardness and elastic modulus. The surface roughness was measured by optical microscope (Bruker®), 3D non-contact surface profilometer. The structural and morphological properties were studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The mean and standard deviation were calculated and a simple mean comparisons test was performed for comparison using SPSS. The results revealed that the addition of a tiny proportion of S-rGO considerably increased the nano-indentation hardness, elastic modulus and DC. Conversely, a gradual reduction in viscosity was observed with increasing S-rGO concentration. The study demonstrates that a small fraction of S-rGO in combination with SiO2 could enhance physical, mechanical and rheological properties of acrylate based composites. Thus S-rGO/SiO2 combination could be used as a potential hybrid filler for dental nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.-B.A.-O.); (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.-B.A.-O.); (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.-B.A.-O.); (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.-B.A.-O.); (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Leonel S. Bautista
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.-B.A.-O.); (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.-B.A.-O.); (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.); (F.V.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Dentin Bond Integrity of Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Adhesive Enhanced with Graphene Oxide Nano-Particles-An SEM, EDX, Micro-Raman, and Microtensile Bond Strength Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122978. [PMID: 33327410 PMCID: PMC7764838 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to synthesize and characterize an adhesive incorporating HA and GO nanoparticles. Techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS), and micro-Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate bond durability, presence of nanoparticles inside adhesive, and dentin interaction. Control experimental adhesive (CEA) was synthesized with 5 wt% HA. GO particles were fabricated and added to CEA at 0.5 wt% (HA-GO-0.5%) and 2 wt% GO (HA-GO-2%). Teeth were prepared to produce bonded specimens using the three adhesive bonding agents for assessment of μTBS, with and without thermocycling (TC). The adhesives were applied twice on the dentin with a micro-brush followed by air thinning and photo-polymerization. The HA and GO nanoparticles demonstrated uniform dispersion inside adhesive. Resin tags with varying depths were observed on SEM micrographs. The EDX mapping revealed the presence of carbon (C), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in the two GO adhesives. For both TC and NTC samples, HA-GO-2% had higher μTBS and durability, followed by HA-GO-0.5%. The representative micro-Raman spectra demonstrated D and G bands for nano-GO particles containing adhesives. HA-GO-2% group demonstrated uniform diffusion in adhesive, higher μTBS, adequate durability, and comparable resin tag development to controls.
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Monteiro JC, Stürmer M, Garcia IM, Melo MA, Sauro S, Leitune VCB, Collares FM. Dental Sealant Empowered by 1,3,5-Tri Acryloyl Hexahydro-1,3,5-Triazine and α-Tricalcium Phosphate for Anti-Caries Application. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040895. [PMID: 32290613 PMCID: PMC7240744 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds and calcium phosphates have been incorporated into dental materials to enhance their biointeractivity and preventive effects. This study aimed at evaluating the physical and chemical properties and effects against Streptococcus mutans of a dental sealant containing 1,3,5-tri acryloyl hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT) and α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP). A methacrylate-based dental sealant was initially formulated. α-TCP and TAT (Gα-TCPTAT) were added to the experimental sealant at 2 wt.% each. One group was formulated without α-TCP and TAT and used as control (GCTRL). All tested resins were analyzed for polymerization kinetics and degree of conversion (DC %), Knoop hardness (KHN), softening in solvent (∆KHN%), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the contact angle with water or with α-bromonaphthalene, surface free energy (SFE) and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in biofilm and in planktonic cells. The polymerization kinetic was different between groups, but without statistical differences in the DC % (p < 0.05). KHN and ΔKHN% did not change between groups (p > 0.05), but Gα-TCPTAT presented greater UTS compared to GCTRL (p < 0.05). No differences were found for contact angle (p > 0.05) or SFE (p > 0.05). Gα-TCPTAT showed greater antibacterial activity in comparison to GCTRL (p < 0.05). The formulation of dental sealants containing TAT and α-TCP can be characterized by improved mechanical and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Caletti Monteiro
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
| | - Michele Stürmer
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Operative Dentistry Division, General Dentistry Department University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo (s/n), Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University of Moscow, Mozhaisky Val, 11, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil; (J.C.M.); (M.S.); (I.M.G.); (V.C.B.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Ayatollahi MR, Ghouli S, Bahrami B. Experimental and theoretical fracture analyses for three biomaterials with dental applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103612. [PMID: 32090937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dental materials are known as efficient tools to revive the functionality and integrity of decayed/missing tooth structure. Being frequently subjected to different mixtures of tensile and shear loads accompanied by temperature changes and suffering from pre-existing voids and imperfect interfaces at the same time, dental restorations and prostheses are found to be susceptible to crack initiation and growth. In this paper, fracture properties of three dental biomaterials namely polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), 75Sr and 75Sr10 undergoing mixed tensile-shear loads are investigated. The PMMA used in this study has application as a cold-cured acrylic resin for repairing dental prostheses, while 75Sr and 75Sr10 are dental restorative materials. Fracture growth angle and onset of crack propagation are evaluated experimentally using shortened semi-circular bend specimens made from PMMA. In addition, the generalized maximum tangential strain (GMTSN) criterion is applied to theoretically predict the fracture behavior of the tested PMMA, as well as two other dental bio-composites reported in the literature viz 75Sr and 75Sr10. Good agreement is met between theory and practice when comparing fracture curves extracted from the GMTSN criterion and the experimental data points. Further, it is found that conventional stress- and strain-based fracture models fail to provide suitable estimates of crack growth behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid R Ayatollahi
- Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghouli
- Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran.
| | - Bahador Bahrami
- Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846, Iran.
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Avoaka-Boni MC, Kaboré WAD, Djolé SX, Kouadio AA. Coronal Restorations and Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dysfunction: A Survey Among General Practitioners of the Town of Abidjan. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The paper surveyed the knowledge of general practitioners to coronal restorations and temporomandibular dysfunction. The specific aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and therapeutic approaches of the general practitioners in terms of restoring occlusion, aesthetics and function after restorative treatments in other to make recommendations to prevent potential dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.
Methodology:
A cross sectional descriptive survey was used. It was carried out on 86 dentists out of the entire population size of 152 dentists practicing within Abidjan’s center municipality, randomly selected from the database provided by the National College of Dental Surgeons of Ivory Coast. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data, which was subsequently collated and analysed.
Results:
The majority of the practitioners (95.4%) knew how to diagnose TMJ dysfunction. The etiological factors were stress for 55.2% of the practitioners and amalgam overhang for 49.4% of them. The precautions used to avoid TMJ disorders consisted of good control of the occlusion after having performed a restoration (55%) and taking into account the occlusal morphology (32%) at the time of shaping. Fifty-four percent of the practitioners systematically reevaluated the restorations undertaken.
Conclusion:
Impairment of occlusion results in improper muscular responses and leads to changes in pressure at the level of the temporomandibular joint. This study revealed that the general practitioners of the town of Abidjan have a good level of knowledge of the consequences of poorly carried out restorations on the initiation of masticatory apparatus disorders.
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Elmadani AA, Radović I, Tomić NZ, Petrović M, Stojanović DB, Heinemann RJ, Radojević V. Hybrid denture acrylic composites with nanozirconia and electrospun polystyrene fibers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226528. [PMID: 31851701 PMCID: PMC6919599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing and characterization of hybrid PMMA resin composites with nano-zirconia (ZrO2) and electrospun polystyrene (PS) polymer fibers were presented in this study. Reinforcement was selected with the intention to tune the physical and mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. Surface modification of inorganic particles was performed in order to improve the adhesion of reinforcement to the matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided successful modification of zirconia nanoparticles with 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) and bonding improvement between incompatible inorganic nanoparticles and PMMA matrix. Considerable deagglomeration of nanoparticles in the matrix occurred after the modification has been revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microhardness increased with the concentration of modified nanoparticles, while the fibers were the modifier that lowers hardness and promotes toughness of hybrid composites. Impact test displayed increased absorbed energy after the PS electrospun fibers had been embedded. The optimized composition of the hybrid was determined and a good balance of thermal and mechanical properties was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Elmadani
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Radović
- University of Belgrade, Laboratory for Materials Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Sciences ''Vinča", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Z Tomić
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Petrović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D B Stojanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - R Jančić Heinemann
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Radojević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
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