1
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Yang J, Xin R, Lehmkuhl S, Korvink JG, Brandner JJ. Development of a fully automated workstation for conducting routine SABRE hyperpolarization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21022. [PMID: 39251663 PMCID: PMC11384770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
SABRE is emerging as a fast, simple and low-cost hyperpolarization method because of its ability to regenerate enhanced NMR signals. Generally, SABRE hyperpolarization has been performed predominantly manually, leading to variations in reproducibility and efficiency. Recent advances in SABRE include the development of automated shuttling systems to address previous inconsistencies. However, the operational complexity of such systems and the challenges of integration with existing workflows hinder their widespread adoption. This work presents a fully automated lab workstation based on a benchtop NMR spectrometer, specifically designed to facilitate SABRE of different nuclei across different polarization fields. We demonstrated the capability of this system through a series of routine SABRE experimental protocols, including consecutive SABRE hyperpolarization with high reproducibility (average standard deviation of 1.03%), optimization polarization of 13C nuclei respect to the polarization transfer field, and measurement of polarization buildup rate or decay time across a wide range of magnetic fields. Furthermore, we have iteratively optimized the durations for pulsed SABRE-SHEATH 13C pyruvate. The constructed SABRE workstation offers full automation, high reproducibility, and functional diversification, making it a practical tool for conducting routine SABRE hyperpolarization experiments. It provides a robust platform for high-throughput and reliable SABRE and X-SABRE hyperpolarization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ruodong Xin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Brandner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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2
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Ellermann F, Sirbu A, Brahms A, Assaf C, Herges R, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Spying on parahydrogen-induced polarization transfer using a half-tesla benchtop MRI and hyperpolarized imaging enabled by automation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4774. [PMID: 37553405 PMCID: PMC10409769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization is a quantum effect that enhances the nuclear magnetic resonance signal by several orders of magnitude and has enabled real-time metabolic imaging in humans. However, the translation of hyperpolarization technology into routine use in laboratories and medical centers is hampered by the lack of portable, cost-effective polarizers that are not commercially available. Here, we present a portable, automated polarizer based on parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) at an intermediate magnetic field of 0.5 T (achieved by permanent magnets). With a footprint of 1 m2, we demonstrate semi-continuous, fully automated 1H hyperpolarization of ethyl acetate-d6 and ethyl pyruvate-d6 to P = 14.4% and 16.2%, respectively, and a 13C polarization of 1-13C-ethyl pyruvate-d6 of P = 7%. The duty cycle for preparing a dose is no more than 1 min. To reveal the full potential of 1H hyperpolarization in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, we convert the anti-phase PHIP signals into in-phase peaks, thereby increasing the SNR by a factor of 5. Using a spin-echo approach allowed us to observe the evolution of spin order distribution in real time while conserving the expensive reagents for reaction monitoring, imaging and potential in vivo usage. This compact polarizer will allow us to pursue the translation of hyperpolarized MRI towards in vivo applications further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aidan Sirbu
- Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Arne Brahms
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charbel Assaf
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto- Hahn Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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3
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Robertson TBR, Bannister RC, Cartlidge TAA, Hugger T, Breham S, Zick K, Engelke F, Thompson S, Pileio G. A dual-core NMR system for field-cycling singlet assisted diffusion NMR. Front Chem 2023; 11:1229586. [PMID: 37476652 PMCID: PMC10354561 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1229586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-lived singlet spin order offers the possibility to extend the spin memory by more than an order of magnitude. This enhancement can be used, among other applications, to assist NMR diffusion experiments in porous media where the extended lifetime of singlet spin order can be used to gain information about structural features of the medium as well as the dynamics of the imbibed phase. Other than offering the possibility to explore longer diffusion times of the order of many minutes that, for example, gives unprecedented access to tortuosity in structures with interconnected pores, singlet order has the important advantage to be immune to the internal field gradients generated by magnetic susceptibility inhomogeneities. These inhomogeneities, however, are responsible for very short T2 decay constants in high magnetic field and this precludes access to the singlet order in the first instance. To overcome this difficulty and take advantage of singlet order in diffusion experiments in porous media, we have here developed a dual-core system with radiofrequency and 3-axis pulsed field gradients facilities in low magnetic field, for preparation and manipulation of singlet order and a probe, in high magnetic field, for polarisation and detection. The system operates in field-cycling and can be used for a variety of NMR experiments including diffusion tensor imaging (both singlet assisted and not). In this paper we present and discuss the new hardware and its calibration, and demonstrate its capabilities through a variety of examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose C. Bannister
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thimo Hugger
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Zick
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Frank Engelke
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Sam Thompson
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Pileio
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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4
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Browning A, Macculloch K, TomHon P, Mandzhieva I, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Lehmkuhl S, Theis T. Spin dynamics of [1,2- 13C 2]pyruvate hyperpolarization by parahydrogen in reversible exchange at micro Tesla fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:16446-16458. [PMID: 37306121 PMCID: PMC10642564 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization of 13C-pyruvate via Signal Amplificaton By Reversibble Exchange (SABRE) is an important recent discovery because of both the relative simplicity of hyperpolarization and the central biological relevance of pyruvate as a biomolecular probe for in vitro or in vivo studies. Here, we analyze the [1,2-13C2]pyruvate-SABRE spin system and its field dependence theoretically and experimentally. We provide first-principles analysis of the governing 4-spin dihydride-13C2 Hamiltonian and numerical spin dynamics simulations of the 7-spin dihydride-13C2-CH3 system. The analytical and the numerical results are compared to matching systematic experiments. With these methods we unravel the observed spin state mixing of singlet states and triplet states at microTesla fields and we also analyze the dynamics during transfer from micro-Tesla field to high field for detection to understand the resulting spectra from the [1,2-13C2]pyruvate-SABRE system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA.
| | - Keilian Macculloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA.
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA.
| | - Iuliia Mandzhieva
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA.
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA.
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA.
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5
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MacCulloch K, Browning A, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange Induces Long-Lived 15N Hyperpolarization of Anticancer Drugs Anastrozole and Letrozole. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7822-7829. [PMID: 37163687 PMCID: PMC10939174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization modalities overcome the sensitivity limitations of NMR and unlock new applications. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a particularly cheap, quick, and robust hyperpolarization modality. Here, we employ SABRE for simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and nitrile-containing anticancer drugs (letrozole or anastrozole) to enhance 15N polarization. Distinct substrates require unique optimal parameter sets, including temperature, magnetic field, or a shaped magnetic field profile. The fine tuning of these parameters for individual substrates is demonstrated here to maximize 15N polarization. After optimization, including the usage of pulsed μT fields, the 15N nuclei on common anticancer drugs, letrozole and anastrozole, can be polarized within 1-2 min. The hyperpolarization can exceed 10%, corresponding to 15N signal enhancement of over 280,000-fold at a clinically relevant magnetic field of 1 T. This sensitivity gain enables polarization studies at naturally abundant 15N enrichment level (0.4%). Moreover, the nitrile 15N sites enable long-lasting polarization storage with [15N]T1 over 9 min, enabling signal detection from a single hyperpolarization cycle for over 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
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6
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Ellermann F, Saul P, Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN. Modern Manufacturing Enables Magnetic Field Cycling Experiments and Parahydrogen-Induced Hyperpolarization with a Benchtop NMR. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6244-6252. [PMID: 37018544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Benchtop NMR (btNMR) spectrometers are revolutionizing the way we use NMR and lowering the cost drastically. Magnetic field cycling (MFC) experiments with precise timing and control over the magnetic field, however, were hitherto not available on btNMRs, although some systems exist for high-field, high-resolution NMR spectrometers. Still, the need and potential for btNMR MFC is great─e.g., to perform and analyze parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization, another method that has affected analytical chemistry and NMR beyond expectations. Here, we describe a setup that enables MFC on btNMRs for chemical analysis and hyperpolarization. Taking full advantage of the power of modern manufacturing, including computer-aided design, three-dimensional printing, and microcontrollers, the setup is easy to reproduce, highly reliable, and easy to adjust and operate. Within 380 ms, the NMR tube was shuttled reliably from the electromagnet to the NMR isocenter (using a stepper motor and gear rod). We demonstrated the power of this setup by hyperpolarizing nicotinamide using signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), a versatile method to hyperpolarize a broad variety of molecules including metabolites and drugs. Here, the standard deviation of SABRE hyperpolarization was between 0.2 and 3.3%. The setup also allowed us to investigate the field dependency of the polarization and the effect of different sample preparation protocols. We found that redissolution of the activated and dried Ir catalyst always reduced the polarization. We anticipate that this design will greatly accelerate the ascension of MFC experiments for chemical analysis with btNMR─adding yet another application to this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frowin Ellermann
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Philip Saul
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel 24118, Germany
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7
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States
- Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Silva Terra AI, Rossetto M, Dickson CL, Peat G, Uhrín D, Halse ME. Enhancing 19F Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy by Combining para-Hydrogen Hyperpolarization and Multiplet Refocusing. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:73-81. [PMID: 36817010 PMCID: PMC9936801 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Benchtop NMR spectrometers provide a promising alternative to high-field NMR for applications that are limited by instrument size and/or cost. 19F benchtop NMR is attractive due to the larger chemical shift range of 19F relative to 1H and the lack of background signal in most applications. However, practical applications of benchtop 19F NMR are limited by its low sensitivity due to the relatively weak field strengths of benchtop NMR spectrometers. Here we present a sensitivity-enhancement strategy that combines SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) hyperpolarization with the multiplet refocusing method SHARPER (Sensitive, Homogeneous, And Resolved PEaks in Real time). When applied to a range of fluoropyridines, SABRE-SHARPER achieves overall signal enhancements of up to 5700-fold through the combined effects of hyperpolarization and line-narrowing. This approach can be generalized to the analysis of mixtures through the use of a selective variant of the SHARPER sequence, selSHARPER. The ability of SABRE-selSHARPER to simultaneously boost sensitivity and discriminate between two components of a mixture is demonstrated, where selectivity is achieved through a combination of selective excitation and the choice of polarization transfer field during the SABRE step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire L. Dickson
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - George Peat
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Meghan E. Halse
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, U.K.
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9
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Duchowny A, Denninger J, Lohmann L, Theis T, Lehmkuhl S, Adams A. SABRE Hyperpolarization with up to 200 bar Parahydrogen in Standard and Quickly Removable Solvents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2465. [PMID: 36768786 PMCID: PMC9917027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen (p-H2)-based techniques are known to drastically enhance NMR signals but are usually limited by p-H2 supply. This work reports p-H2-based SABRE hyperpolarization at p-H2 pressures of hundreds of bar, far beyond the typical ten bar currently reported in the literature. A recently designed high-pressure setup was utilized to compress p-H2 gas up to 200 bar. The measurements were conducted using a sapphire high-pressure NMR tube and a 43 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer. In standard methanol solutions, it could be shown that the signal intensities increased with pressure until they eventually reached a plateau. A polarization of about 2%, equal to a molar polarization of 1.2 mmol L-1, could be achieved for the sample with the highest substrate concentration. While the signal plateaued, the H2 solubility increased linearly with pressure from 1 to 200 bar, indicating that p-H2 availability is not the limiting factor in signal enhancement beyond a certain pressure, depending on sample composition. Furthermore, the possibility of using liquefied ethane and compressed CO2 as removable solvents for hyperpolarization was demonstrated. The use of high pressures together with quickly removable organic/non-organic solvents represents an important breakthrough in the field of hyperpolarization, advancing SABRE as a promising tool for materials science, biophysics, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Duchowny
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Denninger
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Lohmann
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alina Adams
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Pham P, Mandal R, Qi C, Hilty C. Interfacing Liquid State Hyperpolarization Methods with NMR Instrumentation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2022; 10-11:100052. [PMID: 35530721 PMCID: PMC9070690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in liquid state hyperpolarization methods have enabled new applications of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Utilizing strong signal enhancements from hyperpolarization allows performing NMR spectroscopy at low concentration, or with high time resolution. Making use of the high, but rapidly decaying hyperpolarization in the liquid state requires new techniques to interface hyperpolarization equipment with liquid state NMR spectrometers. This article highlights rapid injection, high resolution NMR spectroscopy with hyperpolarization produced by the techniques of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) and para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). These are popular, albeit not the only methods to produce high polarization levels for liquid samples. Gas and liquid driven sample injection techniques are compatible with both of these hyperpolarization methods. The rapid sample injection techniques are combined with adapted NMR experiments working in a single, or small number of scans. They expand the application of liquid state hyperpolarization to spins with comparably short relaxation times, provide enhanced control over sample conditions, and allow for mixing experiments to study reactions in real time.
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11
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TomHon P, Abdulmojeed M, Adelabu I, Nantogma S, Kabir MSH, Lehmkuhl S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Temperature Cycling Enables Efficient 13C SABRE-SHEATH Hyperpolarization and Imaging of [1- 13C]-Pyruvate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:282-287. [PMID: 34939421 PMCID: PMC8785411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular metabolic imaging in humans is dominated by positron emission tomography (PET). An emerging nonionizing alternative is hyperpolarized MRI of 13C-pyruvate, which is innocuous and has a central role in metabolism. However, similar to PET, hyperpolarized MRI with dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) is complex costly, and requires significant infrastructure. In contrast, Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a fast, cheap, and scalable hyperpolarization technique. SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) can transfer polarization from parahydrogen to 13C in pyruvate; however, polarization levels remained low relative to d-DNP (1.7% with SABRE-SHEATH versus ≈60% with DNP). Here we introduce a temperature cycling method for SABRE-SHEATH that enables >10% polarization on [1-13C]-pyruvate, sufficient for successful in vivo experiments. First, at lower temperatures, ≈20% polarization is accumulated on SABRE catalyst-bound pyruvate, which is released into free pyruvate at elevated temperatures. A kinetic model of differential equations is developed that explains this effect and characterizes critical relaxation and buildup parameters. With the large polarization, we demonstrate the first 13C pyruvate images with a cryogen-free MRI system operated at 1.5 T, illustrating that inexpensive hyperpolarization methods can be combined with low-cost MRI systems to obtain a broadly available, yet highly sensitive metabolic imaging platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Mustapha Abdulmojeed
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | | | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
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12
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Tickner BJ, Komulainen S, Palosaari S, Heikkinen J, Lehenkari P, Zhivonitko VV, Telkki VV. Hyperpolarised NMR to aid molecular profiling of electronic cigarette aerosols. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1479-1485. [PMID: 35425197 PMCID: PMC8979170 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarisation is used to enhance the NMR signals of nicotine and acrolein in methanol-d4 solutions of electronic cigarette aerosols. Consequently, detection of 74 μM nicotine is possible in just a single scan 1H NMR spectrum. The first example of an aldehyde hyperpolarised using SABRE is demonstrated and we work towards novel real-world applications of SABRE-hyperpolarised NMR for chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Sanna Komulainen
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Sanna Palosaari
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu 90014 Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital 90014 Finland
| | - Janne Heikkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu 90014 Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu 90014 Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital 90014 Finland
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Oulu University Hospital 90220 Finland
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13
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Norcott PL. Selective NMR detection of individual reaction components hyperpolarised by reversible exchange with para-hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13527-13533. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy can sometimes be hampered by two inherent weaknesses: low sensitivity and overlap of signals in complex mixtures. Hyperpolarisation techniques using para-hydrogen (including the method known as SABRE) can...
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14
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Taylor DA, Natrajan LS, Nilsson M, Adams RW. SABRE-enhanced real-time pure shift NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1244-1252. [PMID: 34405451 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pure shift nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods suppress the effect of homonuclear scalar couplings to produce NMR spectra consisting solely of a single signal for each chemically distinct site. They are increasingly relied upon for analysis of complex molecules and mixtures as they overcome the extensive signal overlap that complicates proton NMR spectra of all but the simplest species. Current broadband pure shift methodologies for 1D proton spectra suffer from reduced sensitivity compared with their conventional counterparts and typically require a large amount of instrument time for low concentration samples. In this study, we demonstrate how the sensitivity limitation may be overcome by transiently increasing the bulk polarization using signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization. We utilize para-enriched dihydrogen to enhance the pure shift NMR resonances of pyridine by up to a factor of 60 in a single-scan experiment and extend this to propose a method to unambiguously determine mixture components based on the enhancement of their pure shift NMR signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Mathias Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralph W Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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15
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MacCulloch K, Tomhon P, Browning A, Akeroyd E, Lehmkuhl S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Hyperpolarization of common antifungal agents with SABRE. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1225-1235. [PMID: 34121211 PMCID: PMC8595556 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a robust and inexpensive hyperpolarization (HP) technique to enhance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals using parahydrogen (pH2 ). The substrate scope of SABRE is continually expanding. Here, we present the polarization of three antifungal drugs (voriconazole, clotrimazole, and fluconazole) and elicit the detailed HP mechanisms for 1 H and 15 N nuclei. In this exploratory work, 15 N polarization values of ~1% were achieved using 50% pH2 in solution of 3-mM catalyst and 60-mM substrate in perdeuterated methanol. All hyperpolarized 15 N sites exhibited long T1 in excess of 1 min at a clinically relevant field of 1 T. Hyperpolarizing common drugs is of interest due to their potential biomedical applications as MRI contrast agents or to enable studies on protein dynamics at physiological concentrations. We optimize the polarization with respect to temperature and the polarization transfer field (PTF) for 1 H nuclei in the millitesla regime and for 15 N nuclei in the microtesla regime, which provides detailed insights into exchange kinetics and spin evolution. This work broadens the SABRE substrate scope and provides mechanistic and kinetic insights into the HP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Tomhon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Evan Akeroyd
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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16
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Vaneeckhaute E, De Ridder S, Tyburn JM, Kempf JG, Taulelle F, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Long-Term Generation of Longitudinal Spin Order Controlled by Ammonia Ligation Enables Rapid SABRE Hyperpolarized 2D NMR. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1170-1177. [PMID: 33851495 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry breaking of parahydrogen using iridium catalysts converts singlet spin order into observable hyperpolarization. In this contribution, iridium catalysts are designed to exhibit asymmetry in their hydrides, regulated by in situ generation of deuterated ammonia governed by ammonium buffers. The concentrations of ammonia (N) and pyridine (P) provide a handle to generate a variety of stereo-chemically asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene iridium complexes, ligating either [3xP], [2xP;N], [P;2xN] or [3xN] in an octahedral SABRE type configuration. The non-equivalent hydride positions, in correspondence with the ammonium buffer solutions, enables to extend singlet-triplet or S ⟩ → T 0 ⟩ mixing at high magnetic field and experimentally induce prolonged generation of non-equilibrium longitudinal two-spin order. This long-lasting magnetization can be exploited in hyperpolarized 2D-OPSY-COSY experiments providing direct structural information on the catalyst using a single contact with parahydrogen. Separately, field cycling revealed hyperpolarization properties in low-field conditions. Controlling catalyst stereochemistry by introducing small and deuterated ligands, such as deuterated ammonia, simplifies the spin-system. This is shown to unify experimental and theoretically derived field-sweep experiments for four-spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud Vaneeckhaute
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie De Ridder
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Max Tyburn
- Bruker Biospin, 34 rue de l'Industrie BP 10002, 67166, Wissembourg Cedex, France
| | - James G Kempf
- Bruker Biospin, 15 Fortune Dr., Billerica, 01821, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Francis Taulelle
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-kat, Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application Team, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2461, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Hall AMR, Cartlidge TAA, Pileio G. A temperature-controlled sample shuttle for field-cycling NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 317:106778. [PMID: 32650304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a design for a temperature-controlled sample shuttle for use in NMR measurements at variable magnetic field strength. Accurate temperature control was achieved using a mixture of water-ethylene glycol as a heat transfer fluid, reducing temperature gradients across the sample to < 0.05 °C and minimising convection. Using the sample shuttle, we show how the longitudinal (T1) and singlet order (TS) relaxation time constants were measured for two molecules capable of supporting long-lived states, with new record lifetimes observed at low field and above ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M R Hall
- University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Topaz A A Cartlidge
- University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Pileio
- University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
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