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Ravindranath MH, Ravindranath NM, Selvan SR, Hilali FE, Amato-Menker CJ, Filippone EJ. Cell Surface B2m-Free Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Monomers and Dimers: Are They Neo-HLA Class and Proto-HLA? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1178. [PMID: 37627243 PMCID: PMC10452486 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface HLA-I molecules (Face-1) consist of a polypeptide heavy chain (HC) with two groove domains (G domain) and one constant domain (C-domain) as well as a light chain, B2-microglobulin (B2m). However, HCs can also independently emerge unfolded on the cell surface without peptides as B2m-free HC monomers (Face-2), B2m-free HC homodimers (Face 3), and B2m-free HC heterodimers (Face-4). The transport of these HLA variants from ER to the cell surface was confirmed by antiviral antibiotics that arrest the release of newly synthesized proteins from the ER. Face-2 occurs at low levels on the normal cell surface of the lung, bronchi, epidermis, esophagus, breast, stomach, ilium, colorectum, gall bladder, urinary bladder, seminal vesicles ovarian epithelia, endometrium, thymus, spleen, and lymphocytes. They are upregulated on immune cells upon activation by proinflammatory cytokines, anti-CD3 antibodies, antibiotics (e.g., ionomycin), phytohemagglutinin, retinoic acid, and phorbol myristate acetate. Their density on the cell surface remains high as long as the cells remain in an activated state. After activation-induced upregulation, the Face-2 molecules undergo homo- and hetero-dimerization (Face-3 and Face-4). Alterations in the redox environment promote dimerization. Heterodimerization can occur among and between the alleles of different haplotypes. The glycosylation of these variants differ from that of Face-1, and they may occur with bound exogenous peptides. Spontaneous arthritis occurs in HLA-B27+ mice lacking B2m (HLA-B27+ B2m-/-) but not in HLA-B27+ B2m+/- mice. The mice with HLA-B27 in Face-2 spontaneous configuration develop symptoms such as changes in nails and joints, hair loss, and swelling in paws, leading to ankyloses. Anti-HC-specific mAbs delay disease development. Some HLA-I polyreactive mAbs (MEM series) used for immunostaining confirm the existence of B2m-free variants in several cancer cells. The upregulation of Face-2 in human cancers occurs concomitantly with the downregulation of intact HLAs (Face-1). The HLA monomeric and dimeric variants interact with inhibitory and activating ligands (e.g., KIR), growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. Similarities in the amino acid sequences of the HLA-I variants and HLA-II β-chain suggest that Face-2 could be the progenitor of both HLA classes. These findings may support the recognition of these variants as a neo-HLA class and proto-HLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mepur H. Ravindranath
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA 90064, USA
| | - Narendranath M. Ravindranath
- Norris Dental Science Center, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Senthamil R. Selvan
- Division of Immunology and Hematology Devices, OHT 7: Office of In Vitro Diagnostics, Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - Fatiha El Hilali
- Medico-Surgical, Biomedicine and Infectiology Research Laboratory, The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Laayoune & Agadir, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Carly J. Amato-Menker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Edward J. Filippone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19145, USA;
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Durmanova V, Kluckova K, Filova B, Minarik G, Kozak J, Rychly B, Svajdler M, Matejcik V, Steno J, Bucova M. HLA-G 5'URR regulatory polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing gliomas. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:365-374. [PMID: 33902385 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1922401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) belongs to non-classical MHC class I molecules that is involved in the suppression of immune response. As HLA-G plays important role in the maintenance of fetal tolerance, its overexpression has been associated with tumor progression. For the regulation of HLA-G levels, genetic variants within the 5' upstream regulatory region (5'URR) are of crucial importance. Our study aimed to analyze the association between 16 HLA-G 5'URR variants, sHLA-G level and clinical variables in glioma patients. METHODS We investigated 59 patients with gliomas (mean age 54.70 ± 15.10 years) and 131 healthy controls (mean age 41.45 ± 9.75 years). Patient's blood was obtained on the day of surgical treatment. The HLA-G 5'URR polymorphisms were typed by direct sequencing and the plasma level of sHLA-G assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Haploblock within HLA-G 5'URR consisting of -762T, -716G, -689G, -666T, -633A, followed by -486C and -201A alleles were significantly more frequent in patients with gliomas than in the controls (p < 0.05). No correlation of HLA-G 5'URR variants with sHLA-G plasma level was found. Analysis of HLA-G 5'URR variants with main clinical variables in patients with grade IV gliomas revealed that haploblock carriers of -762CT, -716TG, -689AG, -666GT, -633GA, -486AC, -477GC, -201GA followed by -369AC carriers tend to have lower age at onset as compared to other genotype carriers (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our results suggest genetic association of HLA-G 5'URR variants with risk of developing gliomas and possible contribution of HLA-G to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Durmanova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Kluckova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Filova
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Kozak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Rychly
- Department of Pathology, Cytopathos, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Svajdler
- Department of Pathology, Cytopathos, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Sikl's Department of Pathology, Charles University, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Matejcik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Steno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bucova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ravindranath MH, Ravindranath NM, Selvan SR, Filippone EJ, Amato-Menker CJ, El Hilali F. Four Faces of Cell-Surface HLA Class-I: Their Antigenic and Immunogenic Divergence Generating Novel Targets for Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020339. [PMID: 35214796 PMCID: PMC8878457 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-surface HLA-I molecules, involved in antigen presentation of peptides to CD8+ T-cells, consist of a heavy chain (HC) non-covalently linked to β2-microglobulin (β2m) (Face-1). The HC amino acid composition varies across all six isoforms of HLA-I, while that of β2m remains the same. Each HLA-allele differs in one or more amino acid sequences on the HC α1 and α2 helices, while several sequences among the three helices are conserved. HCs without β2m (Face-2) are also observed on human cells activated by malignancy, viral transformation, and cytokine or chemokine-mediated inflammation. In the absence of β2m, the monomeric Face-2 exposes immunogenic cryptic sequences on these cells as confirmed by HLA-I monoclonal antibodies (LA45, L31, TFL-006, and TFL-007). Furthermore, such exposure enables dimerization between two Face-2 molecules by SH-linkage, salt linkage, H-bonding, and van der Waal forces. In HLA-B27, the linkage between two heavy chains with cysteines at position of 67 of the amino acid residues was documented. Similarly, several alleles of HLA-A, B, C, E, F and G express cysteine at 67, 101, and 164, and additionally, HLA-G expresses cysteine at position 42. Thus, the monomeric HC (Face-2) can dimerize with another HC of its own allele, as homodimers (Face-3), or with a different HC-allele, as heterodimers (Face-4). The presence of Face-4 is well documented in HLA-F. The post-translational HLA-variants devoid of β2m may expose several cryptic linear and non-linear conformationally altered sequences to generate novel epitopes. The objective of this review, while unequivocally confirming the post-translational variants of HLA-I, is to highlight the scientific and clinical importance of the four faces of HLA and to prompt further research to elucidate their functions and their interaction with non-HLA molecules during inflammation, infection, malignancy and transplantation. Indeed, these HLA faces may constitute novel targets for passive and active specific immunotherapy and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mepur H. Ravindranath
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Emeritus Research Scientist at Terasaki Foundation Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA 90064, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Narendranath M. Ravindranath
- Norris Dental Science Center, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | | | - Edward J. Filippone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19145, USA;
| | - Carly J. Amato-Menker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Fatiha El Hilali
- The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Laayoune, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 70000, Morocco;
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Zhou J, Zhang S, Guo C. Crosstalk between macrophages and natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108374. [PMID: 34824036 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is jointly constructed by a variety of cell types, including tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, among others. The cells within the TME interact with each other and with tumor cells to influence tumor development and progression. As the most abundant immune cells in the TME, macrophages regulate the immune network by not only secreting a large amount of versatile cytokines but also expressing a series of ligands or receptors on the surface to interact with other cells directly. Due to their strong plasticity, they exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects in the complex TME. The major effector cells of the immune system that directly target cancer cells include but are not limited to natural killer cells (NKs), dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mast cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Among them, NK cells are the predominant innate lymphocyte subsets that mediate antitumor and antiviral responses. The activation and inhibition of NK cells are regulated by cytokines and the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors. There is an inextricable regulatory relationship between macrophages and NK cells. Herein, we systematically elaborate on the regulatory network between macrophages and NK cells through soluble mediator crosstalk and cell-to-cell interactions. We believe that a better understanding of the crosstalk between macrophages and NKs in the TME will benefit the development of novel macrophage- or NK cell-focused therapeutic strategies with superior efficacies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Changying Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Wang L, He T, Liu J, Tai J, Wang B, Chen Z, Quan Z. Pan-cancer analysis reveals tumor-associated macrophage communication in the tumor microenvironment. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:31. [PMID: 33971970 PMCID: PMC8108336 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, their contribution to the immunosuppressive status of the TME remains unclear. METHODS We integrated single-cell sequencing and transcriptome data from different tumor types to uncover the molecular features of TAMs. In vitro experiments and prospective clinical tests confirmed the results of these analysis. RESULTS We first detected intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneities between TAM subpopulations and their functions, with CD86+ TAMs playing a crucial role in tumor progression. Next, we focused on the ligand-receptor interactions between TAMs and tumor cells in different TME phenotypes and discovered that aberrant expressions of six hub genes, including FLI1, are involved in this process. A TAM-tumor cell co-culture experiment proved that FLI1 was involved in tumor cell invasion, and FLI1 also showed a unique pattern in patients. Finally, TAMs were discovered to communicate with immune and stromal cells. CONCLUSION We determined the role of TAMs in the TME by focusing on their communication pattern with other TME components. Additionally, the screening of hub genes revealed potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingkun Liu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 Youyi Dong Road, Beilin, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tai
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 555 Youyi Dong Road, Beilin, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring, Shaanxi Province Health Inspection Institution, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhengxue Quan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Han C, Lin S, Lu X, Xue L, Wu ZB. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: New Horizons for Pituitary Adenoma Researches. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:785050. [PMID: 34925244 PMCID: PMC8675584 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.785050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most common infiltrating immune cells and an essential component of tumor microenvironment. Macrophages and the soluble cytokines and chemokines produced play an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis in solid tumors. Despite the multiple studies in other solid tumors, there is little known about macrophages in pituitary adenomas. Recently, studies about pituitary adenoma-infiltrated macrophages have been emerging, including the immunohistochemical and immunophenotypic analysis of the pituitary adenomas and further studies into the mechanism of the crosstalk between macrophages and tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. These studies have offered us new insights into the polarization of macrophages and its role in tumorigenesis, progression and invasion of pituitary adenomas. This review describes the advances in the field of pituitary adenoma-infiltrated macrophages and the prospect of targeting macrophages as cancer therapy in pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhe Bao Wu
- *Correspondence: Shaojian Lin, ; Zhe Bao Wu,
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7
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Dong H, Yang Y, Gao C, Sun H, Wang H, Hong C, Wang J, Gong F, Gao X. Lactoferrin-containing immunocomplex mediates antitumor effects by resetting tumor-associated macrophages to M1 phenotype. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2019-000339. [PMID: 32217759 PMCID: PMC7174070 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) resemble M2-polarized cells with potent immunosuppressive activity and play a pivotal role in tumor growth and progression. Converting TAMs to proinflammatory M1-like phenotype is thus an attractive strategy for antitumor immunotherapy. Methods A mouse IgG1 (kappa) monoclonal Ab, M-860, specific to human lactoferrin (LTF) was generated by using the traditional hybridoma cell fusion technology. TAMs were generated by culturing human and mouse CD14+ monocytes in tumor-conditioned media containing a cytokine cocktail containing recombinant interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). TAMs after treatment with immunocomplex (IC) between human LTF and M860 (LTF-IC) were phenotypically and functionally characterized by flow cytometry (FACS), ELISA, Q-PCR and killing assays. The antitumor effects of LTF-IC were further analyzed using in vivo experiments employing tumor-bearing human FcγRIIa-transgenic mouse models. Results Through coligation of membrane-bound CD14 and FcγRIIa, LTF-IC rendered TAMs not only M2 to M1 conversion, evidenced by increased tumor necrosis factor α production, down-regulated M2-specific markers (CD206, arginase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor) and upregulated M1-specific markers (CD86 and HLA-DR) expression, but also potent tumoricidal activity in vitro. LTF-IC administration conferred antitumor protective efficacy and prolonged animal survival in FcγRIIa-transgenic mice, accompanied by accumulation of M1-like macrophages as well as significantly reduced infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in solid tumor tissues. Conclusions LTF-IC is a promising cancer therapeutic agent capable of converting TAMs into tumoricidal M1-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueyao Yang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Gao
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hehe Sun
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Hong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Gong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Nasrollahzadeh E, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Mazzone M, Rezaei N. Pro-tumorigenic functions of macrophages at the primary, invasive and metastatic tumor site. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1673-1697. [PMID: 32500231 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only facilitates cancer progression from the early formation to distant metastasis, but also it differs itself from time to time alongside the tumor evolution. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), whether as pre-existing tissue-resident macrophages or recruited monocytes, are an inseparable part of this microenvironment. As their parents are broadly classified into a dichotomic, simplistic M1 and M2 subtypes, TAMs also exert paradoxical and diverse phenotypes as they are settled in different regions of TME and receive different microenvironmental signals. Briefly, M1 macrophages induce an inflammatory precancerous niche and flame the early oncogenic mutations, whereas their M2 counterparts are reprogrammed to release various growth factors and providing an immunosuppressive state in TME as long as abetting hypoxic cancer cells to set up a new vasculature. Further, they mediate stromal micro-invasion and co-migrate with invasive cancer cells to invade the vascular wall and neural sheath, while another subtype of TAMs prepares suitable niches much earlier than metastatic cells arrive at the target tissues. Accordingly, at the neoplastic transformation, during the benign-to-malignant transition and through the metastatic cascade, macrophages are involved in shaping the primary, micro-invasive and pre-metastatic TMEs. Whether their behavioral plasticity is derived from distinct genotypes or is fueled by microenvironmental cues, it could define these cells as remarkably interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Nasrollahzadeh
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, KU Leuven, Louvain, B3000, Belgium
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Shi R, Tang Y, Miao H. Metabolism in tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:47-68. [PMID: 34766109 PMCID: PMC8489668 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is a special environment for tumor survival, which is characterized by hypoxia, acidity, nutrient deficiency, and immunosuppression. The environment consists of the vasculature, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and proteins or metabolic molecules. A large number of recent studies have shown that not only tumor cells but also the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have undergone metabolic reprogramming, which is closely related to tumor drug resistance and malignant progression. Tumor immunotherapy based on T cells gives patients new hope, but faces the dilemma of low response rate. New strategies sensitizing cancer immunotherapy are urgently needed. Metabolic reprogramming can directly affect the biological activity of tumor cells and also regulate the differentiation and activation of immune cells. The authors aim to review the characteristics of tumor microenvironment, the metabolic changes of tumor‐associated immune cells, and the regulatory role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Quan Tang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing People's Republic of China
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10
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Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can account for up to 50% of some solid neoplasms. Most often, TAMs support disease progression and resistance to therapy by providing malignant cells with trophic and nutritional support. However, TAMs can mediate antineoplastic effects, especially in response to pharmacological agents that boost their phagocytic and oxidative functions. Thus, TAMs and their impact on the overall metabolic profile of the TME have a major influence on tumor progression and resistance to therapy, de facto constituting promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. Here, we discuss the metabolic circuitries whereby TAMs condition the TME to support tumor growth and how such pathways can be therapeutically targeted.
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11
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Würfel FM, Winterhalter C, Trenkwalder P, Wirtz RM, Würfel W. European Patent in Immunoncology: From Immunological Principles of Implantation to Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081830. [PMID: 31013867 PMCID: PMC6514949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The granted European patent EP 2 561 890 describes a procedure for an immunological treatment of cancer. It is based on the principles of the HLA-supported communication of implantation and pregnancy. These principles ensure that the embryo is not rejected by the mother. In pregnancy, the placenta, more specifically the trophoblast, creates an “interface” between the embryo/fetus and the maternal immune system. Trophoblasts do not express the “original” HLA identification of the embryo/fetus (HLA-A to -DQ), but instead show the non-classical HLA groups E, F, and G. During interaction with specific receptors of NK cells (e.g., killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)) and lymphocytes (lymphocyte-immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIL-R)), the non-classical HLA groups inhibit these immunocompetent cells outside pregnancy. However, tumors are known to be able to express these non-classical HLA groups and thus make use of an immuno-communication as in pregnancies. If this occurs, the prognosis usually worsens. This patent describes, in a first step, the profiling of the non-classical HLA groups in primary tumor tissue as well as metastases and recurrent tumors. The second step comprises tailored antibody therapies, which is the subject of this patent. In this review, we analyze the underlying mechanisms and describe the currently known differences between HLA-supported communication of implantation and that of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Würfel
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, D-50935 Cologne, Werthmannstrasse 1c, 50935 Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | - Ralph M Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, D-50935 Cologne, Werthmannstrasse 1c, 50935 Cologne, Germany.
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Ravindranath MH, Filippone EJ, Devarajan A, Asgharzadeh S. Enhancing Natural Killer and CD8 + T Cell-Mediated Anticancer Cytotoxicity and Proliferation of CD8 + T Cells with HLA-E Monospecific Monoclonal Antibodies. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2019; 38:38-59. [PMID: 31009335 PMCID: PMC6634170 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic NK/CD8+ T cells interact with MHC-I ligands on tumor cells through either activating or inhibiting receptors. One of the inhibitory receptors is CD94/NKG2A. The NK/CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capability is lost when tumor-associated human leukocyte antigen, HLA-E, binds the CD94/NKG2A receptor, resulting in tumor progression and reduced survival. Failure of cancer patients to respond to natural killer (NK) cell therapies could be due to HLA-E overexpression in tumor tissues. Preventing the inhibitory receptor-ligand interaction by either receptor- or ligand-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an innovative passive immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer. Since receptors and ligands can be monomeric or homo- or heterodimeric proteins, the efficacy of mAbs may rely on their ability to distinguish monospecific (private) functional epitopes from nonfunctional common (public) epitopes. We developed monospecific anti-HLA-E mAbs (e.g., TFL-033) that recognize only HLA-E-specific epitopes, but not epitopes shared with other HLA class-I loci as occurs with currently available polyreactive anti-HLA-E mAbs. Interestingly the amino acid sequences in the α1 and α2 helices of HLA-E, critical for the recognition of the mAb TFL-033, are strikingly the same sequences recognized by the CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptors on NK/CD8+ cells. Such monospecific mAbs can block the CD94/NKG2A interaction with HLA-E to restore NK cell and CD8+ anticancer cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the HLA-E monospecific mAbs significantly promoted the proliferation of the CD4-/CD8+ T cells. These monospecific mAbs are also invaluable for the specific demonstration of HLA-E on tumor biopsies, potentially indicating those tumors most likely to respond to such therapy. Thus, they can be used to enhance passive immunotherapy once phased preclinical studies and clinical trials are completed. On principle, we postulate that NK cell passive immunotherapy should capitalize on both of these features of monospecific HLA-E mAbs, that is, the specific determination HLA-E expression on a particular tumor and the enhancement of NK cell/CD8+ cytotoxicity if HLA-E positive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J Filippone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Asokan Devarajan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Children's Hospital, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Korbecki J, Gutowska I, Kojder I, Jeżewski D, Goschorska M, Łukomska A, Lubkowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. New extracellular factors in glioblastoma multiforme development: neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15, sphingosine-1-phosphate and cytomegalovirus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7219-7270. [PMID: 29467963 PMCID: PMC5805549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of cancer. For example, more significance is now assigned to the tumor microenvironment, especially with regard to intercellular signaling in the tumor niche which depends on many factors secreted by tumor cells. In addition, great progress has been made in understanding the influence of factors such as neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the 'hallmarks of cancer' in glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, in the present work we describe the influence of these factors on the proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, and cancer immune evasion in a glioblastoma multiforme tumor. In particular, we discuss the effect of neurotensin, GDF-15, S1P (including the drug FTY720), and infection with CMV on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), microglial cells, neutrophil and regulatory T cells (Treg), on the tumor microenvironment. In order to better understand the role of the aforementioned factors in tumoral processes, we outline the latest models of intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme. Based on the most recent reports, we discuss the problems of multi-drug therapy in treating glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kojder
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Zhang Y, Yu S, Han Y, Wang Y, Sun Y. Human leukocyte antigen-G expression and polymorphisms promote cancer development and guide cancer diagnosis/treatment. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:699-709. [PMID: 29399142 PMCID: PMC5772757 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA molecule, predominantly expressed in cytotrophoblast cells to protect the fetus during pregnancy. Notably, a high frequency of HLA-G expression has been observed in a wide variety of cancer types in previous studies. Furthermore, HLA-G expression in cancer has been considered to be detrimental, since it can protect cancer cells from natural killer cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated destruction, promote tumor spreading and shorten the survival time of patients by facilitating tumor immune evasion. In addition, HLA-G polymorphisms have been investigated in numerous types of cancer and are considered as risk factors and predictive markers of cancer. This review focuses on HLA-G expression and its polymorphisms in cancer, analyzing the mechanisms of HLA-G in promoting cancer development, and evaluating the potential and value of its clinical application as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, or even as a prospective therapeutic target in certain types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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da Fonseca ACC, Amaral R, Garcia C, Geraldo LH, Matias D, Lima FRS. Microglia in Cancer: For Good or for Bad? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 949:245-261. [PMID: 27714693 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor of astrocytic origin that is highly invasive, proliferative and angiogenic. Despite current advances in multimodal therapies, such as surgery, radio- and chemotherapy, the outcome for patients with glioblastoma is nearly always fatal. The glioblastoma microenvironment has a tremendous influence over the tumor growth and spread. Microglia and macrophages are abundant cells in the tumor mass. Increasing evidence indicates that glioblastoma recruits these cell populations and signals in a way that microglia and macrophages are subverted to promote tumor progression. In this chapter, we discuss some aspects of the interaction between microglia and glioblastoma, consequences of this interaction for tumor progression and the possibility of microglial cells being used as therapeutic vectors, which opens up new alternatives for the development of GBM therapies targeting microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Carvalho da Fonseca
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Rackele Amaral
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Celina Garcia
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Geraldo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Diana Matias
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Flavia Regina Souza Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-590, Brazil.
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16
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Prognostic role of tumour-infiltrating inflammatory cells in brain tumours: literature review. Curr Opin Neurol 2016; 28:647-58. [PMID: 26402405 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Both primary and metastatic brain tumours pose a significant and unmet clinical need. Immune cells infiltrating the tumour have been shown to affect the clinical course of various extracranial tumour types, but there is little knowledge on the role of tumour-infiltrating immune cells in brain tumours. Thus, the aim of this review was to recapitulate the reports on immune infiltrates in brain tumours and their prognostic significance. RECENT FINDINGS Immune infiltrates composed of various lymphocyte subsets and microglia/macrophages are frequently observed in brain tumours; however, their density and prognostic role seem to differ between tumour types. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases, particularly of melanoma, lung cancer and renal cell cancer, commonly show high amounts of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes density strongly correlate with patient's overall survival times in patients with CNS metastases. In gliomas and primary CNS lymphomas, some studies also suggest a prognostic role of immune cell infiltration; however, methodological issues such as low sample size and retrospective study designs with heterogeneous patient populations preclude definite conclusions. Meningiomas typically harbour inflammatory infiltrates, but their correlation with the clinical course is unclear because of the lack of studies correlating immune cell infiltrates with outcome parameters. SUMMARY The available literature suggests a relevant role of immune infiltrates in the clinical course of some brain tumour types; however, further studies are required to better understand the interaction of the immune system and CNS neoplasms and to explore therapeutic opportunities with immunotherapies such as vaccines or immune checkpoint modulators.
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17
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Zhen Z, Guo X, Liao R, Yang K, Ye L, You Z. Involvement of IL-10 and TGF-β in HLA-E-mediated neuroblastoma migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 7:44340-44349. [PMID: 27322426 PMCID: PMC5190101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and, in addition to immune escape, may promote tumor growth via other mechanisms. However, the role of HLA-E in neuroblastoma (NB) migration and invasion is unknown. In the present study, HLA-E expression in human NB tumors was measured by immunohistochemistry. The effect of HLA-E on NB cell migration and invasion was studied in vitro and in vivo, as well as the effect of HLA-E on natural killer (NK)-cell cytotoxicity. HLA-E was expressed in 70.2% of the NB tumor tissues examined. HLA-E expression by NB cells inhibited NK-cell cytotoxicity and induced the release of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. HLA-E and the released cytokines enhanced the ability of NB cells migration and invasion. NK cell infusion did not inhibit the growth of NB cells with high HLA-E expression but instead increased the number of metastatic cells in the bone marrow. Taken together, the results indicate that IL-10 and TGF-β are involved in HLA-E-mediated NB migration and invasion. Thus, HLA-E may be a new treatment target in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ru Liao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kaibin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Litong Ye
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiyao You
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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18
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Gallegos CE, Michelin S, Dubner D, Carosella ED. Immunomodulation of classical and non-classical HLA molecules by ionizing radiation. Cell Immunol 2016; 303:16-23. [PMID: 27113815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been employed for the treatment of oncological patients for nearly a century, and together with surgery and chemotherapy, radiation oncology constitutes one of the three pillars of cancer therapy. Ionizing radiation has complex effects on neoplastic cells and on tumor microenvironment: beyond its action as a direct cytotoxic agent, tumor irradiation triggers a series of alterations in tumoral cells, which includes the de novo synthesis of particular proteins and the up/down-regulation of cell surface molecules. Additionally, ionizing radiation may induce the release of "danger signals" which may, in turn lead to cellular and molecular responses by the immune system. This immunomodulatory action of ionizing radiation highlights the importance of the combined use (radiotherapy plus immunotherapy) for cancer healing. Major histocompatibility complex antigens (also called Human Leukocyte Antigens, HLA in humans) are one of those molecules whose expression is modulated after irradiation. This review summarizes the modulatory properties of ionizing radiation on the expression of HLA class I (classical and non-classical) and class II molecules, with special emphasis in non-classical HLA-I molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Gallegos
- Radiopathology Laboratory, Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Toxicology laboratory, Bahía Blanca, Argentina(2).
| | - Severino Michelin
- Radiopathology Laboratory, Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana Dubner
- Radiopathology Laboratory, Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgardo D Carosella
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Research Division in Hematology and Immunology (SRHI), Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR E-5 Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
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19
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Nguyen-Lefebvre AT, Ajith A, Portik-Dobos V, Horuzsko DD, Mulloy LL, Horuzsko A. Mouse models for studies of HLA-G functions in basic science and pre-clinical research. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:711-9. [PMID: 27085792 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G was described originally as a tolerogenic molecule that allows the semiallogeneic fetus to escape from recognition by the maternal immune response. This review will discuss different steps in the study of HLA-G expression and functions in vivo, starting with analyses of expression of the HLA-G gene and its receptors in transgenic mice, and continuing with applications of HLA-G and its receptors in prevention of allograft rejection, transplantation tolerance, and controlling the development of infection. Humanized mouse models have been discussed for developing in vivo studies of HLA-G in physiological and pathological conditions. Collectively, animal models provide an opportunity to evaluate the importance of the interaction between HLA-G and its receptors in terms of its ability to regulate immune responses during maternal-fetal tolerance, survival of allografts, tumor-escape mechanisms, and development of infections when both HLA-G and its receptors are expressed. In addition, in vivo studies on HLA-G also offer novel approaches to achieve a reproducible transplantation tolerance and to develop personalized medicine to prevent allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen-Lefebvre
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, 1140 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ashwin Ajith
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, 1140 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vera Portik-Dobos
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, 1140 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daniel D Horuzsko
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, 1140 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Laura L Mulloy
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Molecular Oncology and Biomarkers Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, 1140 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common intracranial malignancy that constitutes about 50 % of all gliomas. Despite aggressive, multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the outcome of patients with glioblastoma remains poor with 5-year survival rates of <10 %. Resistance to conventional therapies is most likely caused by several factors. Alterations in the functions of local immune mediators may represent a critical contributor to this resistance. The tumor microenvironment contains innate and adaptive immune cells in addition to the cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. These various cells communicate with each other by means of direct cell-cell contact or by soluble factors including cytokines and chemokines, and act in autocrine and paracrine manners to modulate tumor growth. There are dynamic interactions among the local immune elements and the tumor cells, where primarily the protective immune cells attempt to overcome the malignant cells. However, by developing somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications, the glioblastoma tumor cells acquire the capability of counteracting the local immune responses, and even exploit the immune cells and products for their own growth benefits. In this review, we survey those immune mechanisms that likely contribute to glioblastoma pathogenesis and may serve as a basis for novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Eder
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky Street 5, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary.
| | - Bernadette Kalman
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky Street 5, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary
- University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Ravindranath MH, Terasaki PI, Pham T, Jucaud V. The Monospecificity of Novel Anti-HLA-E Monoclonal Antibodies Enables Reliable Immunodiagnosis, Immunomodulation of HLA-E, and Upregulation of CD8+ T Lymphocytes. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 34:135-53. [PMID: 26090591 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In human cancers, over-expression of HLA-E is marked by gene expression. However, immunolocalization of HLA-E on tumor cells is impeded by the HLA-Ia reactivity of commercial anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). So there was a clear need to develop monospecific anti-HLA-E MAbs for reliable immunodiagnosis of HLA-E, particularly considering the prognostic relevance of HLA-E in human cancer. HLA-E overexpression is correlated with disease progression and poor survival of patients, both of which are attributed to the suppression of anti-tumor activity of cytotoxic T cells mediated by HLA-E. The suppression mechanism involves the binding of HLA-E-specific amino acids located on the α1 and α2 helices of HLA-E to the inhibitory receptors (CD94/NKG2a) on CD8+ T lymphocytes. An anti-HLA-E MAb that recognizes these HLA-E-specific sequences can not only be a monospecific MAb with potential for specific immunolocalization of HLA-E but can also block the sequences from interacting with the CD94/NKG2a receptors. We therefore developed several clones that secrete such HLA-E-specific MAbs; then we assessed the ability of the MAbs to bind to the amino acid sequences interacting with the CD94/NKG2a receptors by inhibiting them from binding to HLA-E with peptides that inhibit receptor binding. Elucidation of the immunomodulatory capabilities of these monospecific MAbs showed that they can induce proliferation of CD8+ T cells with or without co-stimulation. These novel MAbs can serve a dual role in combating cancer by blocking interaction of HLA-E with CD94/NKG2a and by promoting proliferation of both non-activated and activated CD8+ cytotoxic αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tho Pham
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory , Los Angeles, California
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory , Los Angeles, California
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22
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Wang Y, Fan X, Li H, Lin Z, Bao H, Li S, Wang L, Jiang T, Fan Y, Jiang T. Tumor border sharpness correlates with HLA-G expression in low-grade gliomas. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 282:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dias FC, Castelli EC, Collares CVA, Moreau P, Donadi EA. The Role of HLA-G Molecule and HLA-G Gene Polymorphisms in Tumors, Viral Hepatitis, and Parasitic Diseases. Front Immunol 2015; 6:9. [PMID: 25699038 PMCID: PMC4313582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that the non-classical HLA-G molecule has well-recognized tolerogenic properties, HLA-G expression is expected to be deleterious when present in tumor cells and in cells chronically infected by viruses, whereas HLA-G expression is expected to be advantageous in autoimmune disorders. The expression of HLA-G on tissue or peripheral blood cells, the levels of soluble HLA-G and polymorphic sites along the gene have been studied in several disorders. In this study, we revised the role of the molecule and polymorphic sites along the HLA-G gene in tumors, viral hepatitis, and parasitic disorders. Overall, several lines of evidence clearly show that the induction of HLA-G expression in tumors has been associated with worse disease outcome and disease spread. In addition, the few studies conducted on hepatitis and parasitic disorders indicate that HLA-G may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Few isolated polymorphic sites, primarily located at the coding or 3′ untranslated HLA-G region, have been evaluated in these disorders, and a complete HLA-G typing together with the study of gene regulatory elements may further help on the understanding of the influence of the genetic background on disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício C Dias
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Erick C Castelli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Cristhianna V A Collares
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Research Division in Hematology and Immunology, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Saint-Louis Hospital, CEA , Paris , France
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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Gimenes F, Teixeira JJV, de Abreu ALP, Souza RP, Pereira MW, da Silva VRS, Bôer CG, Maria-Engler SS, Bonini MG, Borelli SD, Consolaro MEL. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and cervical cancer immunoediting: a candidate molecule for therapeutic intervention and prognostic biomarker? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:576-89. [PMID: 25453366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While persistent infection with oncogenic types of human Papillomavirus (HPV) is required for cervical epithelial cell transformation and cervical carcinogenesis, HPV infection alone is not sufficient to induce tumorigenesis. Only a minor fraction of HPV infections produce high-grade lesions and cervical cancer, suggesting complex host-virus interactions. Based on its pronounced immunoinhibitory properties, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G has been proposed as a possible prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target relevant in a wide variety of cancers and viral infections, but to date remains underexplored in cervical cancer. Given the possible influence of HLA-G on the clinical course of HPV infection, cervical lesions and cancer progression, a better understanding of HLA-G involvement in cervical carcinogenesis might contribute to two aspects of fundamental importance: 1. Characterization of a novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarker to identify cervical cancer and to monitor disease stage, critical for patient screening; 2. Identification of HLA-G-driven immune mechanisms involved in lesion development and cancer progression, leading to the development of strategies for modulating HLA-G expression for treatment purposes. Thus, this systematic review explores the potential involvement of HLA-G protein expression and polymorphisms in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia Gimenes
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - André Luelsdorf Pimenta de Abreu
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Pantarotto Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Wolski Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vânia Ramos Sela da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Gandolfi Bôer
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gialluisi Bonini
- College of Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612 Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sueli Donizete Borelli
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Márcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Paraná, Brazil.
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Mechanisms of intimate and long-distance cross-talk between glioma and myeloid cells: how to break a vicious cycle. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:560-75. [PMID: 25453365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) condition the glioma microenvironment to generate an immunosuppressed niche for tumour expansion. This immunosuppressive microenvironment is considered to be shaped through a complex multi-step interactive process between glioma cells, GAMs and MDSCs. Glioma cells recruit GAMs and MDSCs to the tumour site and block their maturation. Glioma cell-derived factors subsequently skew these cells towards an immunosuppressive, tumour-promoting phenotype. Finally, GAMs and MDSCs enhance immune suppression in the glioma microenvironment and promote glioma growth, invasiveness, and neovascularization. The local and distant cross-talk between glioma cells and GAMs and MDSCs is regulated by a plethora of soluble proteins and cell surface-bound factors, and possibly via extracellular vesicles and platelets. Importantly, GAMs and MDSCs have been reported to impair the efficacy of glioma therapy, in particular immunotherapeutic approaches. Therefore, advancing our understanding of the function of GAMs and MDSCs in brain tumours and targeted intervention of their immunosuppressive function may benefit the treatment of glioma.
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Morandi F, Pistoia V. Interactions between HLA-G and HLA-E in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:394. [PMID: 25202308 PMCID: PMC4141331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-G and HLA-E are immunoregulatory molecules that belong to HLA-Ib family. The role of these molecules in the control of the immune response has been extensively analyzed, both in physiological and pathological conditions. We have here summarized data present in the literature regarding the interaction of these molecules in different settings. These data suggested that HLA-G and -E co-operate in physiological conditions (i.e., establishment of an immune tolerance at maternal/fetal interface during pregnancy), whereas their role in the course of tumors or autoimmune/inflammatory diseases may be different or even opposite. Future studies aimed at investigating the interaction between HLA-G and HLA-E will help to clarify mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of immune effector cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
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27
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecology of cells that evolves with and provides support to tumor cells during the transition to malignancy. Among the innate and adaptive immune cells recruited to the tumor site, macrophages are particularly abundant and are present at all stages of tumor progression. Clinical studies and experimental mouse models indicate that these macrophages generally play a protumoral role. In the primary tumor, macrophages can stimulate angiogenesis and enhance tumor cell invasion, motility, and intravasation. During monocytes and/or metastasis, macrophages prime the premetastatic site and promote tumor cell extravasation, survival, and persistent growth. Macrophages are also immunosuppressive, preventing tumor cell attack by natural killer and T cells during tumor progression and after recovery from chemo- or immunotherapy. Therapeutic success in targeting these protumoral roles in preclinical models and in early clinical trials suggests that macrophages are attractive targets as part of combination therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Noy
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecology of cells that evolves with and provides support to tumor cells during the transition to malignancy. Among the innate and adaptive immune cells recruited to the tumor site, macrophages are particularly abundant and are present at all stages of tumor progression. Clinical studies and experimental mouse models indicate that these macrophages generally play a protumoral role. In the primary tumor, macrophages can stimulate angiogenesis and enhance tumor cell invasion, motility, and intravasation. During monocytes and/or metastasis, macrophages prime the premetastatic site and promote tumor cell extravasation, survival, and persistent growth. Macrophages are also immunosuppressive, preventing tumor cell attack by natural killer and T cells during tumor progression and after recovery from chemo- or immunotherapy. Therapeutic success in targeting these protumoral roles in preclinical models and in early clinical trials suggests that macrophages are attractive targets as part of combination therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Noy
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Center for the Study of Reproductive Biology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Sasaki T, Ravindranath MH, Terasaki PI, Freitas MC, Kawakita S, Jucaud V. Gastric cancer progression may involve a shift in HLA-E profile from an intact heterodimer to β2-microglobulin-free monomer. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:1558-70. [PMID: 24105714 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E on the surface of tumor lesions includes intact heterodimer [HLA-E heavy chain and β2-microglobulin (β2m)] and β2m-free monomer. Anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), MEM-E/02 or 3D12 bind to the peptide sequences in β2m-free HLA-E, which is common and shared with HLA-Ia monomers. A newly developed monospecific anti-HLA-E mAb (TFL-033) recognizes HLA-E-restricted peptide sequences on α1 and α2 helices away from β2-m-site. Tumor progression may involve shedding of β2-m from HLA-E or overexpression of β2m-free monomers. There is a need to identify and distinguish the different phenotypic expression of HLA-E, particularly the intact heterodimer from the β2m-free monomer on the surface of tumor lesions. Because of the unique peptide-binding affinities of the mAbs, it is hypothesized that TFL-033 and MEM-E/02 may distinguish the phenotypic expressions of cell surface HLA-E during stages of tumor progression. Only TFL-033 stained diffusely the cytoplasm of normal mucosa. The incidence and intensity of TFL-033 staining of the cell surface in early stages, poorly or undifferentiated and non-nodal lesions and in diffuse carcinoma is greater than that of MEM-E/02. Whereas MEM-E/02 stained terminal stages, adenocarcinoma and lymph node metastatic lesions intensely, either owing to increased expression of β2m-free HLA-E with tumor progression or owing to expression of HLA-Ia molecules. Our study evaluates the relative diagnostic potential of HLA-E-monospecific TFL-033 and the HLA-Ia-reactive MEM-E/02 for determining the specific distribution and immunodiagnosis of different phenotypic expression HLA-E in tumor lesions, and the structural and functional alterations undergone by HLA-E during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Sasaki
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Zhou W, Bao S. Reciprocal Supportive Interplay between Glioblastoma and Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:723-40. [PMID: 24675569 PMCID: PMC4074800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal and aggressive type of primary brain malignancy. Failures of the traditional therapies in treating GBMs raise the urgent requirement to develop new approaches with more responsive targets. The phenomenon of the high infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into GBMs has been observed for a long time. Regardless of the limited knowledge about TAMs, the high percentage of supportive TAM in GBM tumor mass makes it possible to be a good target for GBM treatment. In this review, we discussed the unique features of TAMs in GBMs, including their origin, the tumor-supportive properties, the secreted cytokines, and the relevant mechanisms. In addition, we tried to interpret the current understandings about the interplay between GBM cancer cells and TAMs. Finally, the translational studies of targeting TAMs were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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31
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Marchesi M, Andersson E, Villabona L, Seliger B, Lundqvist A, Kiessling R, Masucci GV. HLA-dependent tumour development: a role for tumour associate macrophages? J Transl Med 2013; 11:247. [PMID: 24093459 PMCID: PMC3856519 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA abnormalities on tumour cells for immune escape have been widely described. In addition, cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, in particular myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and alternatively activated M2 tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), are involved in tumour promotion, progression, angiogenesis and suppression of anti-tumour immunity. However, the role of HLA in these activities is poorly understood. This review details MHC class I characteristics and describes MHC class I receptors functions. This analysis established the basis for a reflection about the crosstalk among the tumour cells, the TAMs and the cells mediating an immune response.The tumour cells and TAMs exploit MHC class I molecules to modulate the surrounding immune cells. HLA A, B, C and G molecules down-regulate the macrophage myeloid activation through the interaction with the inhibitory LILRB receptors. HLA A, B, C are able to engage inhibitory KIR receptors negatively regulating the Natural Killer and cytotoxic T lymphocytes function while HLA-G induces the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines and chemokine thanks to an activator KIR receptor expressed by a minority of peripheral NK cells. The open conformer of classical MHC-I is able to interact with LILRA receptors described as being associated to the Th2-type cytokine response, triggering a condition for the M2 like TAM polarization. In addition, HLA-E antigens on the surface of the TAMs bind the inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A expressed by a subset of NK cells and activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes protecting from the cytolysis.Furthermore MHC class II expression by antigen presenting cells is finely regulated by factors provided with immunological capacities. Tumour-associated macrophages show an epigenetically controlled down-regulation of the MHC class II expression induced by the decoy receptor DcR3, a member of the TNFR, which further enhances the M2-like polarization. BAT3, a positive regulator of MHC class II expression in normal macrophages, seems to be secreted by TAMs, consequently lacking its intracellular function, it looks like acting as an immunosuppressive factor.In conclusion HLA could cover a considerable role in tumour-development orchestrated by tumour-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Marchesi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Andersson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Villabona
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe V Masucci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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The controversial role of microglia in malignant gliomas. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:285246. [PMID: 23983766 PMCID: PMC3741958 DOI: 10.1155/2013/285246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas contain stroma and a variety of immune cells including abundant activated microglia/macrophages. Mounting evidence indicates that the glioma microenvironment converts the glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) into glioma-supportive, immunosuppressive cells; however, GAMs can retain intrinsic anti-tumor properties. Here, we review and discuss this duality and the potential therapeutic strategies that may inhibit their glioma-supportive and propagating functions.
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33
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Wastowski IJ, Simões RT, Yaghi L, Donadi EA, Pancoto JT, Poras I, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Bernaudin M, Valable S, Carlotti CG, Flajollet S, Jensen SS, Ferrone S, Carosella ED, Kristensen BW, Moreau P. Human leukocyte antigen-G is frequently expressed in glioblastoma and may be induced in vitro by combined 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and interferon-γ treatments: results from a multicentric study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 182:540-52. [PMID: 23219427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule involved in immune tolerance processes, playing an important role in the maintenance of the semi-allogeneic fetus. Although HLA-G expression is restricted in normal tissues, it is broadly expressed in malignant tumors and may favor tumor immune escape. We analyzed HLA-G protein and mRNA expression in tumor samples from patients with glioblastoma collected in France, Denmark, and Brazil. We found HLA-G protein expression in 65 of 108 samples and mRNA in 20 of 21 samples. The absence of HLA-G protein expression was associated with a better long-term survival rate. The mechanisms underlying HLA-G gene expression were investigated in glioma cell lines U251MG, D247MG, and U138MG. Induction of HLA-G transcriptional activity was dependent of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment and enhanced by interferon-γ. HLA-G protein expression was observed in U251MG cells only. These cells exhibited a permissive chromatin state at the HLA-G gene promoter and the highest levels of induced HLA-G transcriptional activity following 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Several antigen-presenting machinery components were up-regulated in U251MG cells after demethylating and IFN-γ treatments, suggesting an effect on the up-regulation of HLA-G cell surface expression. Therefore, because of its role in tumor tolerance, HLA-G found to be expressed in glioblastoma samples should be taken into consideration in clinical studies on the pathology and in the design of therapeutic strategies to prevent its expression in HLA-G-negative tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela J Wastowski
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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34
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Durrenberger PF, Webb LV, Sim MJW, Nicholas RS, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Increased HLA-E expression in white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2012; 137:317-25. [PMID: 23039207 PMCID: PMC3530087 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underpinning central nervous system damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) are complex and it is widely accepted that there is an autoimmune component. Both adaptive and innate immune effector mechanisms are believed to contribute to tissue disease aetiology. HLA-E is a non-classical MHC class Ib molecule that acts as the ligand for the NKG2A inhibitory receptor present on natural killer (NK) and CD8+ cells. Peptide binding and stabilization of HLA-E is often considered to signal infection or cell stress. Here we examine the up-regulation of HLA-E in MS brain tissue. Expression is significantly increased in white matter lesions in the brain of MS patients compared with white matter of neurologically healthy controls. Furthermore, using quantitative immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we show increased HLA-E protein expression in endothelial cells of active MS lesions. Non-inflammatory chronic lesions express significantly less HLA-E protein, comparable to levels found in white matter from controls. Increased HLA-E protein levels were associated with higher scores of inflammation. These results suggest the potential for an effect in central nervous system pathogenesis from HLA-E modulation in stressed tissue. Co-localization with infiltrating CD8+ cells implicates a possible role for HLA-E-restricted regulatory CD8+ cells, as has been proposed in other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal F Durrenberger
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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35
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Wolpert F, Roth P, Lamszus K, Tabatabai G, Weller M, Eisele G. HLA-E contributes to an immune-inhibitory phenotype of glioblastoma stem-like cells. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 250:27-34. [PMID: 22688424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are an attractive target for immunotherapeutic approaches to glioblastoma. However, an immune inhibitory phenotype of cells currently classified as "glioma-initiating cells" (GIC) might counteract recognition by immune effector cells. Here, we investigate the contribution of the non-classical MHC molecule HLA-E to the immunosuppressive phenotype of GIC. HLA-E is expressed in GIC lines and its expression is reduced upon differentiation of GIC in serum-containing culture conditions. Constitutive HLA-E inhibits natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis of GIC since small-interfering RNA-mediated HLA-E gene silencing enhances the immunogenicity of GIC. Increased GIC lysis was observed both in the CD133+ and in the CD133- compartment. Furthermore, the use of interferon-γ as a possible agent to boost an immune response against glioblastoma cells might be limited by the concurrent upregulation of HLA-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wolpert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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González A, Rebmann V, LeMaoult J, Horn PA, Carosella ED, Alegre E. The immunosuppressive molecule HLA-G and its clinical implications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2012; 49:63-84. [PMID: 22537084 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2012.677947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule that, through interaction with its receptors, exerts important tolerogenic functions. Its main physiological expression occurs in placenta where it seems to participate in the maternal tolerance toward the fetus. HLA-G has been studied as a marker of pregnancy complications such as abortion or pre-eclapmsia. Although HLA-G is not expressed in most adult tissues, its ectopic expression has been observed in some diseases such as viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and especially cancer. HLA-G neo-expression in cancer is associated with the capability of tumor cells to evade the immune control. In this review, we will summarize HLA-G biology and how it participates in these physiopathological processes. Special attention will be paid to its role as a diagnostic tool and also as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro González
- Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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37
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Xu L, Xiao H, Xu M, Zhou C, Yi L, Liang H. Glioma-derived T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin domain-containing molecule-4 (TIM4) contributes to tumor tolerance. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36694-9. [PMID: 21896488 PMCID: PMC3196134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor tolerance plays a critical role in tumor growth and escape from immune surveillance. The mechanism of tumor tolerance development is not fully understood. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in tumor tolerance. TIM4 (T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin domain-containing molecule-4) is involved in immune regulation. We investigated the role of TIM4 in the induction of Tregs in tumors. Surgically removed glioma tissue and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 25 glioma patients. Immune cells were isolated from the tissue and blood samples. Confocal microscopy was employed to detect macrophages phagocytosing apoptotic T cells. The generation of tumor-specific Tregs and the immune suppression function of Tregs were observed in cell culture models. High levels of TIM4 were detected in glioma-derived macrophages. Phosphatidylserine (PS) was detected in glioma-derived T cells; naïve T cells expressed low levels of PS that could be up-regulated by hypoxia. Glioma-derived macrophages phagocytosed PS-expressing T cells, gaining the tolerogenic properties, which could induce tumor-specific Tregs; the latter could suppress tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. We conclude that macrophage-derived TIM4 plays an important role in the induction of Tregs in gliomas, which may play an important role in tumor tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunshan Xu
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and
| | - Hualiang Xiao
- Pathology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Minhui Xu
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and
| | - Chun Zhou
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and
| | - Liang Yi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and
| | - Hong Liang
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and
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38
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HLA-G regulators in cancer medicine: an outline of key requirements. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:1071-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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39
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Tolerogenic function of dimeric forms of HLA-G recombinant proteins: a comparative study in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21011. [PMID: 21779321 PMCID: PMC3136450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a natural tolerogenic molecule involved in the best example of tolerance to foreign tissues there is: the maternal-fetal tolerance. The further involvement of HLA-G in the tolerance of allogeneic transplants has also been demonstrated and some of its mechanisms of action have been elucidated. For these reasons, therapeutic HLA-G molecules for tolerance induction in transplantation are actively investigated. In the present study, we studied the tolerogenic functions of three different HLA-G recombinant proteins: HLA-G heavy chain fused to β2-microglobulin (B2M), HLA-G heavy chain fused to B2M and to the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin, and HLA-G alpha-1 domain either fused to the Fc part of an immunoglobulin or as a synthetic peptide. Our results demonstrate the tolerogenic function of B2M-HLA-G fusion proteins, and especially of B2M-HLA-G5, which were capable of significantly delaying allogeneic skin graft rejection in a murine in vivo transplantation model. The results from our studies suggest that HLA-G recombinant proteins are relevant candidates for tolerance induction in human transplantation.
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Ravindranath MH, Pham T, El-Awar N, Kaneku H, Terasaki PI. Anti-HLA-E mAb 3D12 mimics MEM-E/02 in binding to HLA-B and HLA-C alleles: Web-tools validate the immunogenic epitopes of HLA-E recognized by the antibodies. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:423-30. [PMID: 21145594 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HLA-E shares several peptide sequences with HLA-class Ia molecules. Therefore, anti-HLA-E antibodies that recognize the shared sequences may bind to HLA-class Ia alleles. This hypothesis was validated with a murine anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibody (mAb) MEM-E/02, which reacted with microbeads coated with several HLA-B and HLA-C antigens. In this report, the hypothesis was reexamined with another mAb 3D12, considered to be specific for HLA-E. The antibody binding is evaluated by measuring mean fluorescence index [MFI] with Luminex Multiplex Flow-Cytometric technology. The peptide-inhibition experiments are carried out with synthetic shared peptides, most prevalent to HLA-E and HLA-Ia alleles. The results showed that mAb 3D12 simulated MEM-E/02 in recognizing several HLA-B and HLA-C antigens. Both 3D12 and MEM-E/02 did not bind to HLA-A, HLA-F and HLA-G molecules. As observed with MEM-E/02, binding of 3D12 to HLA-E is inhibited by the peptides sequences (115)QFAYDGKDY(123) and (137)DTAAQI(142). Decrease in binding of mAb 3D12 to HLA class Ia, after heat treatment of antigen coated microbeads, supports the contention that the epitope may be located at the outside of the "thermodynamically stable" α-helix conformations of HLA-E. Several sequence and structure-based web-tools were employed to validate the discontinuous epitopes recognized by the mAbs. The scores obtained by these web-tools distinguished the shared peptide sequences that inhibited the mAb binding to HLA-E. Furthermore, ElliPro web tool points out that both mAbs recognize the conformational discontinuous epitopes (the shared inhibitory peptide sequences) in the secondary structure of the HLA-E molecule. The study favors the contention that the domain of the shared inhibitory peptide sequences may be the most immunogenic site of HLA-E molecule. It also postulates and clarifies that amino acid substitution on or near the binding domains may account for the lack of cross reactivity of 3D12 and MEM-E/02 with HLA-A, HLA-F and HLA-G molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mepur H Ravindranath
- Terasaki Foundation Laboratory, 11570 W Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90064, United States.
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Haque A, Banik NL, Ray SK. Molecular alterations in glioblastoma: potential targets for immunotherapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 98:187-234. [PMID: 21199773 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385506-0.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly brain tumor, possibly arising from genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal astroglial cells. Multiple cytogenetic, chromosomal, and genetic alterations have been identified in glioblastoma, with distinct expression of antigens (Ags) and biomarkers that may alter therapeutic potential of this aggressive cancer. Current therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In spite of these treatments, the prognosis for glioblastoma patients is poor. Although recent studies have focused on the development of novel immunotherapeutics against glioblastoma, little is known about glioblastoma-specific immune responses. A better understanding of the molecular interactions among glioblastoma tumors, host immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment may give rise to novel integrated approaches for the simultaneous control of tumor escape pathways and the activation of antitumor immune responses. This review provides a detailed overview concerning genetic alterations in glioblastoma, their effects on Ag and biomarker expression, and the future design of chemoimmunotherapeutics against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Charles N, Holland EC. The perivascular niche microenvironment in brain tumor progression. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:3012-21. [PMID: 20714216 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.15.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most frequent and aggressive malignant brain tumor, has a very poor prognosis of approximately 1-year. The associated aggressive phenotype and therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma is postulated to be due to putative brain tumor stem-like cells (BTSC). The best hope for improved therapy lies in the ability to understand the molecular biology that controls BTSC behavior. The tumor vascular microenvironment of brain tumors has emerged as important regulators of BTSC behavior. Emerging data have identified the vascular microenvironment as home to a multitude of cell types engaged in various signaling that work collectively to foster a supportive environment for BTSCs. Characterization of the signaling pathways and intercellular communication between resident cell types in the microvascular niche of brain tumors is critical to the identification of potential BTSC-specific targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Charles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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