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Xiao Q, Wang J, Tian Q, Tian N, Tian Q, He X, Wang Y, Dong Z. Uric Acid Mitigates Cognitive Deficits via TFEB-Mediated Microglial Autophagy in Mice Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3678-3696. [PMID: 38008888 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials have demonstrated the potential neuroprotective effects of uric acid (UA) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of UA remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of UA in AD mouse models. Various behavioral tests including an elevated plus maze, Barnes maze, and Morris water maze were conducted to evaluate the impact of UA on cognitive function in β-amyloid (Aβ) microinjection and APP23/PS45 double transgenic mice models of AD. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to visualize pathological changes in the brains of AD model mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques were used to assess levels of autophagy-related proteins and transcription factor EB (TFEB)-related signaling pathways. BV2 cells were used to investigate the association between UA and microglial autophagy. We reported that UA treatment significantly alleviated memory decline in Aβ-induced AD model mice and APP23/PS45 double transgenic AD model mice. Furthermore, UA activated microglia and upregulated the autophagy-related proteins such as LC3II/I ratio, Beclin-1, and LAMP1 in the hippocampus of AD model mice. Similarly, UA protected BV2 cells from Aβ toxicity by upregulating the expressions of Beclin-1, LAMP1, and the LC3II/I ratio, whereas genetic inhibition of TFEB completely abolished these protective effects. Our results indicate that UA may serve as a novel activator of TFEB to induce microglia autophagy and facilitate Aβ degradation, thereby improving cognitive function in AD model mice. Therefore, these findings suggest that UA may be a novel therapeutic agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyun Tian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Tian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Geratology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Xiang Y, Song X, Long D. Ferroptosis regulation through Nrf2 and implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:579-615. [PMID: 38265475 PMCID: PMC10861688 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the background knowledge of ferroptosis in the nervous system, as well as the key role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating ferroptosis. The article takes Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as the starting point to explore the close association between Nrf2 and ferroptosis, which is of clear and significant importance for understanding the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) based on oxidative stress (OS). Accumulating evidence links ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of NDs. As the disease progresses, damage to the antioxidant system, excessive OS, and altered Nrf2 expression levels, especially the inhibition of ferroptosis by lipid peroxidation inhibitors and adaptive enhancement of Nrf2 signaling, demonstrate the potential clinical significance of Nrf2 in detecting and identifying ferroptosis, as well as targeted therapy for neuronal loss and mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings provide new insights and possibilities for the treatment and prevention of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiang
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Song
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Liu H, Chen B, Guo Y, Liu H, Ran J, Liu R, Yin G, Xie Q. Hypouricemia as a novel predictor of mortality in anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis patients with ILD: A retrospective cohort study. Respir Med 2024; 222:107530. [PMID: 38228214 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+ DM) is a unique subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) that is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) and high mortality. This retrospective study aimed to identify predictors of mortality and discover novel easily detectable indicators. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 183 MDA5+ DM-ILD patients who were from West China Hospital of Sichuan University myositis cohort, the largest single-center cohort of southwest China, from January 2016 to October 2021. Clinical characteristics were reviewed, and risk factors for mortality were determined by univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 183 MDA5+ DM-ILD patients, 59 were presented with RP-ILD, and 53 died during the follow-up period. Compared with the survived patients, deceased patients had higher rates of dyspnea, higher concentrations of CRP, and LDH, but lower rates of heliotrope sign, lower quantity of lymphocyte and lower levels of serum uric acid (SUA). Notably, patients with hypouricemia (SUA <154 μmol/L) had higher concentrations of CRP and LDH, higher neutrophil counts, lower lymphocyte counts and higher mortality rate when compared with the non-hypouricemia group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that hypouricemia, smoking, RPILD, high HRCT score, elevated LDH, and lymphopenia were independent risk factors for mortality in MDA5+ DM-ILD patients. Moreover, patients with hypouricemia had significantly lower survival rates than non-hypouricemia patients. CONCLUSION Our study identified hypouricemia as a non-redundant promising prognostic factor for the mortality of MDA5+ DM-ILD patients, which may hopefully provide insight into the prevention and pathogenesis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixue Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Ran
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Bai J, Zhang X, Wang H, Yu W, He Z, Wang J, Feng F, Li M, Wang H, Yang F, Huang X. Gender-specific association of uric acid and survival in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Brain Res 2023:148445. [PMID: 37290609 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (UA) and survival in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(sALS) patients. METHOD A total of 801 sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(sALS) patients fulfilled the revised El Escorial criteria were enrolled and followed up in the study. Baseline clinical data and laboratory variables including gender, age, age of onset, site of onset, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), and creatine kinase (CK) were collected during enrollment. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the survival-related factors after adjustment for confounders. RESULTS The serum UA level was significantly lower in female patients than that in male patients (243.5 vs 314.9μmol/L, p<0.001). Gender, BMI, Cr, CK were significantly associated with the level of uric acid according to the linear regression analysis. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, higher serum UA level (>268.0μmol/L) was an independent protective factor for prolonged survival among female patients (HR=0.69, P=0.042) after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION The present study provided further support that higher UA was a protective factor for survival in sALS patients, especially in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongming Bai
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Yu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqing He
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfen Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xusheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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5
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Song Y, Racette BA, Camacho-Soto A, Searles Nielsen S. Biologic targets of prescription medications and risk of neurodegenerative disease in United States Medicare beneficiaries. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285011. [PMID: 37195983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify prescription medications associated with a lower risk of three neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS We conducted a population-based, case-control study of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries in 2009 (42,885 incident neurodegenerative disease cases, 334,387 randomly selected controls). Using medication data from 2006-2007, we categorized all filled medications according to their biological targets and mechanisms of action on those targets. We used multinomial logistic regression models, while accounting for demographics, indicators of smoking, and health care utilization, to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 141 target-action pairs and each neurodegenerative disease. For target-action pairs inversely associated with all three diseases, we attempted replication in a cohort study that included an active comparator group. We constructed the cohort by following controls forward for incident neurodegenerative disease from the beginning of 2010 until death or end of 2014, i.e., up to five years after the two-year exposure lag. We used Cox proportional hazards regression while accounting for the same covariates. RESULTS The most consistent inverse association across both studies and all three neurodegenerative diseases was for xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase blockers, represented by the gout medication, allopurinol. Allopurinol was associated with a 13-34% lower risk for each neurodegenerative disease group in multinomial regression, and a mean reduction of 23% overall, as compared to individuals who did not use allopurinol. In the replication cohort we observed a significant 23% reduction for neurodegenerative disease in the fifth year of follow-up, when comparing allopurinol users to non-users, and more marked associations with an active comparator group. We observed parallel associations for a related target-action pair unique to carvedilol. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase blockade might reduce risk of neurodegenerative disease. However, further research will be necessary to confirm that the associations related to this pathway are causal or to examine whether this mechanism slows progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Song
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brad A Racette
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alejandra Camacho-Soto
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Susan Searles Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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6
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Kutlubaev MA, Areprintseva DK, Pervushina EV. [The influence of uric acid on the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:177-180. [PMID: 37315259 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. A number of studies show that high levels of uric acid may have a positive influence on the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), especially in males. The frequency of ALS is lower in patients with gout than in the general population. We present a case of a patient with gout and slowly progressive ALS. More research is needed on the potential role of uric acid in ALS and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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7
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Metabolomics as a Crucial Tool to Develop New Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090864. [PMID: 36144268 PMCID: PMC9503806 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), share common pathological mechanisms, including metabolism alterations. However, their specific neuronal cell types affected and molecular biomarkers suggest that there are both common and specific alterations regarding metabolite levels. In this review, we were interested in identifying metabolite alterations that have been reported in preclinical models of NDs and that have also been documented as altered in NDs patients. Such alterations could represent interesting targets for the development of targeted therapy. Importantly, the translation of such findings from preclinical to clinical studies is primordial for the study of possible therapeutic agents. We found that N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol, and glutamate are commonly altered in the three NDs investigated here. We also found other metabolites commonly altered in both AD and PD. In this review, we discuss the studies reporting such alterations and the possible pathological mechanism underlying them. Finally, we discuss clinical trials that have attempted to develop treatments targeting such alterations. We conclude that the treatment combination of both common and differential alterations would increase the chances of patients having access to efficient treatments for each ND.
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8
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Takahashi F, Kano O, Nagano Y, Yoneoka T, Nelson S, Ushirogawa Y. Associations Between the
ALSFRS‐R
Score and Urate Levels During 12 Months of Edaravone Treatment for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Post Hoc Analysis of
ALSFRS‐R
Scores in Clinical Studies
MCI186
‐16,
MCI186
‐17, and
MCI186
‐19. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:593-602. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.27700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Osamu Kano
- Department of Neurology Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Ota‐ku Japan
| | | | | | - Sally Nelson
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, Inc. Jersey City NJ USA
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9
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Takahashi F, Kano O, Nagano Y, Yoneoka T, Nelson S, Ushirogawa Y. Associations Between Urate Levels and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Score With Edaravone Treatment: Post Hoc Analysis of Studies
MCI186
‐16,
MCI186
‐17, and
MCI186
‐19. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:583-592. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.27699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Osamu Kano
- Department of Neurology Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Ota‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | | | | | - Sally Nelson
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America Jersey City NJ USA
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10
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Han HJ, Shin HY, Choi YC, Kim SM, Kim SW. Serum uric acid level predicts the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis following treatment with edaravone. Redox Rep 2022; 27:79-84. [PMID: 35296219 PMCID: PMC8933037 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2051964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uric acid and edaravone might exert a neuroprotective effect in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by reducing oxidative stress. We analyzed whether the treatment effect of edaravone is pronounced in patients whose uric acid level increased after the treatment with edaravone. Materials and methods Forty patients with ALS who underwent treatment with edaravone were included. Baseline uric acid level and the rate of decline in uric acid after edaravone treatment were recorded. The rate of change of ALS functional rating scale-revised (ΔALSFRS-R/month) was calculated based on baseline ALSFRS-R score and ALSFRS-R score 6–24 weeks after the treatment. Results The serum uric acid levels decreased after treatment in 26 (65%) patients and increased in 12 (30%) patients. The ΔALSFRS-R/month was significantly faster in patients whose uric acid decreased (median 1.5 [Q1–Q3, 0.7–3.1]) than in patients whose uric acid increased (0.2 [0–1.0], p = 0.021). A high baseline uric acid level and low rate of decline in uric acid was associated with slower disease progression after adjusting for age, initial symptoms, and riluzole administration (p = 0.030 and p = 0.041, respectively). Discussion High baseline values and low rate of decline in uric acid may predict slow disease progression in ALS patients treated with edaravone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jo Han
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Choi
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Seung Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Mijailovic NR, Vesic K, Borovcanin MM. The Influence of Serum Uric Acid on the Brain and Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:828476. [PMID: 35530021 PMCID: PMC9072620 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is commonly known for its bad reputation. However, it has been shown that uric acid may be actively involved in neurotoxicity and/or neuroprotection. These effects could be caused by oxidative stress or inflammatory processes localized in the central nervous system, but also by other somatic diseases or systemic conditions. Our interest was to summarize and link the current data on the possible role of uric acid in cognitive functioning. We also focused on the two putative molecular mechanisms related to the pathological effects of uric acid-oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. The hippocampus is a prominent anatomic localization included in expressing uric acid's potential impact on cognitive functioning. In neurodegenerative and mental disorders, uric acid could be involved in a variety of ways in etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation. Hyperuricemia is non-specifically observed more frequently in the general population and after various somatic illnesses. There is increasing evidence to support the hypothesis that hyperuricemia may be beneficial for cognitive functioning because of its antioxidant effects but may also be a potential risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, in part because of increased inflammatory activity. In this context, gender specificities must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa R Mijailovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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12
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Tang J, Yang Y, Gong Z, Li Z, Huang L, Ding F, Liu M, Zhang M. Plasma Uric Acid Helps Predict Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:789840. [PMID: 34938266 PMCID: PMC8685604 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.789840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Uric acid as an antioxidant plays an important role in neurodegenerative disease. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between plasma uric acid and cognitive impairment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 124 ALS patients were screened by the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral Screen (ECAS) and classified according to the revised Strong's criteria. Additionally, based on total ECAS cut-off score patients were categorized into those with cognitive impairment (ALS-cie) and those without cognitive impairment (ALS-ncie), and clinical data and uric acid level were compared between the two groups. Parameters with significant differences were further included in a multivariate linear regression analysis with ECAS score as a dependent variable. Hold-out validation was performed to evaluate the fitness of regression model. Results: Up to 60% of ALS patients showed cognitive or/and behavioral impairment. The ALS-cie group had lower education level (p < 0.001), older age at symptom onset (p = 0.001), older age at testing (p = 0.001), and lower plasma uric acid (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed increased uric acid (β = 0.214, p = 0.01), lower age at testing (β = −0.378, p < 0.001), and higher education level (β = 0.424, p < 0.001) could predict higher ECAS score (F = 19.104, R2 = 0.381, p < 0.0001). Validation analysis showed that predicted ECAS score was significantly correlated with raw ECAS score in both the training set (rs = 0.621, p < 0.001) and the testing set (rs = 0.666, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Cognitive impairment was a common feature in our Chinese ALS patients. Plasma uric acid might help evaluate the risk of cognitive impairment in ALS patients when combined with education level and age at testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Gong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehui Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao Liu
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Biomolecular Modifications Linked to Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Determining Promising Biomarkers Related to Oxidative Stress. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction–oxidation reactions are essential to cellular homeostasis. Oxidative stress transcends physiological antioxidative system damage to biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, and modifies their structures. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease. The cells present in the central nervous system, including motor neurons, are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Neurodegeneration has been demonstrated to be caused by oxidative biomolecular modifications. Oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Recent progress in research on the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress in ALS has led to the development of disease-modifying therapies, including edaravone. However, the clinical effects of edaravone remain limited, and ALS is a heretofore incurable disease. The reason for the lack of reliable biomarkers and the precise underlying mechanisms between oxidative stress and ALS remain unclear. As extracellular proteins and RNAs present in body fluids and represent intracellular pathological neurodegenerative processes, extracellular proteins and/or RNAs are predicted to promise diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and therapeutic biomarkers for ALS. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms between oxidative stress and ALS, and promising biomarkers indicating the mechanism to determine whether therapy targeting oxidative stress can be fundamental for ALS.
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Li W, Wei Q, Hou Y, Lei D, Ai Y, Qin K, Yang J, Kemp GJ, Shang H, Gong Q. Disruption of the white matter structural network and its correlation with baseline progression rate in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:35. [PMID: 34511130 PMCID: PMC8436442 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease impacting large-scale brain networks. However, it is still unclear which structural networks are associated with the disease and whether the network connectomics are associated with disease progression. This study was aimed to characterize the network abnormalities in ALS and to identify the network-based biomarkers that predict the ALS baseline progression rate. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 73 patients with sporadic ALS and 100 healthy participants to acquire diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images and construct white matter (WM) networks using tractography methods. The global and regional network properties were compared between ALS and healthy subjects. The single-subject WM network matrices of patients were used to predict the ALS baseline progression rate using machine learning algorithms. RESULTS Compared with the healthy participants, the patients with ALS showed significantly decreased clustering coefficient Cp (P = 0.0034, t = 2.98), normalized clustering coefficient γ (P = 0.039, t = 2.08), and small-worldness σ (P = 0.038, t = 2.10) at the global network level. The patients also showed decreased regional centralities in motor and non-motor systems including the frontal, temporal and subcortical regions. Using the single-subject structural connection matrix, our classification model could distinguish patients with fast versus slow progression rate with an average accuracy of 85%. CONCLUSION Disruption of the WM structural networks in ALS is indicated by weaker small-worldness and disturbances in regions outside of the motor systems, extending the classical pathophysiological understanding of ALS as a motor disorder. The individual WM structural network matrices of ALS patients are potential neuroimaging biomarkers for the baseline disease progression in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Du Lei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yuan Ai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science and MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Huifang Shang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Jiménez-Villegas J, Ferraiuolo L, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI. NRF2 as a therapeutic opportunity to impact in the molecular roadmap of ALS. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 173:125-141. [PMID: 34314817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating heterogeneous disease with still no convincing therapy. To identify the most strategically significant hallmarks for therapeutic intervention, we have performed a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis of dysregulated pathways, comparing datasets from ALS patients and healthy donors. We have identified crucial alterations in RNA metabolism, intracellular transport, vascular system, redox homeostasis, proteostasis and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) has significant effects in modulating these pathways. NRF2 has been classically considered as the master regulator of the antioxidant cellular response, although it is currently considered as a key component of the transduction machinery to maintain coordinated control of protein quality, inflammation, and redox homeostasis. Herein, we will summarize the data from NRF2 activators in ALS pre-clinical models as well as those that are being studied in clinical trials. As we will discuss, NRF2 is a promising target to build a coordinated transcriptional response to motor neuron injury, highlighting its therapeutic potential to combat ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiménez-Villegas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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How Are Adenosine and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Involved in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081027. [PMID: 34440231 PMCID: PMC8392384 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is extensively distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it plays a key role as a neuromodulator. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, and there is now growing interest in its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The motor neurons affected in ALS are responsive to adenosine receptor function, and there is accumulating evidence for beneficial effects of adenosine A2A receptor antagonism. In this article, we focus on recent evidence from ALS clinical pathology and animal models that support dynamism of the adenosinergic system (including changes in adenosine levels and receptor changes) in ALS. We review the possible mechanisms of chronic neurodegeneration via the adenosinergic system, potential biomarkers and the acute symptomatic pharmacology, including respiratory motor neuron control, of A2A receptor antagonism to explore the potential of the A2A receptor as target for ALS therapy.
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Nukui T, Matsui A, Niimi H, Sugimoto T, Hayashi T, Dougu N, Konishi H, Yamamoto M, Anada R, Matsuda N, Kitajima I, Nakatsuji Y. Increased cerebrospinal fluid adenosine 5'-triphosphate in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:255. [PMID: 34193068 PMCID: PMC8243489 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been suggested to cause neuroinflammation and motor neuron degeneration by activating microglia and astrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since we have developed a highly sensitive ATP assay system, we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ATP levels in patients with ALS whether it can be a useful biomarker in ALS. METHODS Forty-eight CSF samples from 44 patients with ALS were assayed for ATP with a newly established, highly sensitive assay system using luciferase luminous reaction. CSF samples from patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) were assayed as a control. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their disease severity, as evaluated using the Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score. Correlations between the CSF ATP levels and other factors, including clinical data and serum creatinine levels, were evaluated. RESULTS CSF ATP levels were significantly higher in patients with ALS than in the iNPH (716 ± 411 vs. 3635 ± 5465 pmol/L, p < 0.01). CSF ATP levels were significantly higher in the more severe group than in the iNPH group (6860 ± 8312 vs. 716 ± 411 pmol/L, p < 0.05) and mild group (6860 ± 8312 vs. 2676 ± 3959 pmol/L, p < 0.05) respectively. ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R) (37.9 ± 5.7 vs. 42.4 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and serum creatinine levels (0.51 ± 0.13 vs. 0.68 ± 0.23 mg/dL, p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild group respectively. A negative correlation of CSF ATP levels with MRC sum score was demonstrated in the correlation analysis adjusted for age and sex (r = -0.3, p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Extracellular ATP is particularly increased in the CSF of patients with advanced ALS. CSF ATP levels may be a useful biomarker for evaluating disease severity in patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Nukui
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sugimoto
- Faculty of Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, University of Shiga, 1-1-1 Banba Hikone, Shiga, 522-8522, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Dougu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Konishi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryoko Anada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071012. [PMID: 34202494 PMCID: PMC8300638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with the progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to a fatal paralysis. According to whether there is a family history of ALS, ALS can be roughly divided into two types: familial and sporadic. Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of ALS is still unelucidated. To this end, we review the recent progress of ALS pathogenesis, biomarkers, and treatment strategies, mainly discuss the roles of immune disorders, redox imbalance, autophagy dysfunction, and disordered iron homeostasis in the pathogenesis of ALS, and introduce the effects of RNA binding proteins, ALS-related genes, and non-coding RNA as biomarkers on ALS. In addition, we also mention other ALS biomarkers such as serum uric acid (UA), cardiolipin (CL), chitotriosidase (CHIT1), and neurofilament light chain (NFL). Finally, we discuss the drug therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell-exosomal therapy for ALS, attempting to find new therapeutic targets and strategies. A challenge is to study the various mechanisms of ALS as a syndrome. Biomarkers that have been widely explored are indispensable for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ALS. Moreover, the development of new genes and targets is an urgent task in this field.
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Glutathione in the Nervous System as a Potential Therapeutic Target to Control the Development and Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071011. [PMID: 34201812 PMCID: PMC8300718 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disorder that affects the motor neurons responsible for regulating muscle movement. However, the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of ALS remain poorly understood. A deficiency in the antioxidant tripeptide glutathione (GSH) in the nervous system appears to be involved in several neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the loss of neuronal cells. Impaired antioxidant defense systems, and the accumulation of oxidative damage due to increased dysfunction in GSH homeostasis are known to be involved in the development and progression of ALS. Aberrant GSH metabolism and redox status following oxidative damage are also associated with various cellular organelles, including the mitochondria and nucleus, and are crucial factors in neuronal toxicity induced by ALS. In this review, we provide an overview of the implications of imbalanced GSH homeostasis and its molecular characteristics in various experimental models of ALS.
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Spasić S, Nikolić-Kokić A, Miletić S, Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Spasić MB, Blagojević D, Stević Z. Edaravone May Prevent Ferroptosis in ALS. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:776-780. [PMID: 32077821 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200220123305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radicava™ (Edaravone) was approved the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a new treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Edaravone is a synthetic antioxidant that specifically targets oxidative damage interacting with lipid radicals in the cell. In ALS disease the multiple cell types are involved in devastating loss of motor neurons. Mutations and biochemical changes in various cell types jointly contribute to motor neuron death, disease onset, and disease progression. The overall mechanism of neurodegeneration in ALS is still not completely understood. Dying motor neurons have been reported to exhibit features of apoptosis. However, non-apoptotic features of dying motor neurons have also been reported such as ferroptosis. The role of Edaravone in the prevention of ferroptosis in parallel with other therapeutic approaches to ALS therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Spasić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Miletić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin-Dušić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo B Spasić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stević
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Role of Vitamin C in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Gout-A Literature Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020701. [PMID: 33671646 PMCID: PMC7926958 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout, known as “the disease of the kings”, is the most frequent type of arthritis. It results from sustained hyperuricemia that leads to monosodium urate crystal deposition in joint structures and soft tissue. Environmental factors such as diet affect the incidence of gout; there is a known relationship between the occurrence of an acute attack of gout and the consumption of alcohol and meat; and a low purine diet is a widely recognized nonpharmacological method of supplementing the treatment and preventing recurrence of arthritis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin C in prevention and treatment of gout. A PubMed/Medline database search on the role of vitamin C in purine metabolism was done. Reports from in vitro and animal studies seem to be promising and to allow explanation of the physiological relationship between vitamin C and uric acid. Most epidemiological studies indicate a significant correlation between high vitamin C intake and lower serum uric acid levels. Despite promising observations, there are few observational and interventional studies, and their results do not clearly define the benefits of a high daily intake of vitamin C in preventing the development and recurrence of gout.
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Mei Z, Dong X, Qian Y, Hong D, Xie Z, Yao G, Qin A, Gao S, Hu J, Liang L, Zheng Y, Su J. Association between the metabolome and bone mineral density in a Chinese population. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103111. [PMID: 33186808 PMCID: PMC7670189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, which always leads to osteoporotic fractures. Biomarkers of bone mineral density (BMD) are helpful for prevention and early diagnosis of osteoporosis. This study aims to identify metabolomic biomarkers of low BMD. METHODS We included 701 participants who had BMD measures by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and donated fasting plasma samples from three clinical centres as a discovery set and another 278 participants from the fourth centre as an independent replication set. We used a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach to profile the global metabolites of fasting plasma. FINDINGS Among the 265 named metabolites identified in our study, six were associated with low BMD (FDR-adjusted P<0.05) in the discovery set and were successfully validated in the independent replication set. The circulating levels of five metabolites, i.e., inosine, hypoxanthine, PC (O-18:0/22:6), SM (d18:1/21:0) and isoleucyl-proline were associated with decreased odds of low BMD, and PC (16:0/18:3) level was associated with increased odds of low BMD. Per 1-SD increase in a composite metabolite score of these six metabolites was associated with about half decreased odds of low BMD (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.68). Furthermore, introduction of a panel of metabolites selected by elastic net regression to a prediction model of classical risk factors and plasma biomarker of bone resorption substantially improved the prediction performance for low BMD (AUCs: 0.782 vs. 0.698, P=0.002). INTERPRETATION Metabolomics profiling may help identify novel biomarkers of low BMD and be helpful for early diagnosis of osteoporosis beyond the current clinical index. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC2001500 to J.S.], Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project [2017SHZDZX01], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Key Program, 91749204 to J.S.], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [General Program, 81771491 to J.S.], the Project of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist [2017BR011 to J.S.], Grants from the TCM Supported Project [18431902300 to J.S.] from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [General Program, 81972089 to Z.X.]. Y.Z. was supported by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81973032].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Institute of translational medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Dun Hong
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanfeng Yao
- The Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songyan Gao
- Institute of translational medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Liang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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Lanznaster D, Veyrat-Durebex C, Vourc’h P, Andres CR, Blasco H, Corcia P. Metabolomics: A Tool to Understand the Impact of Genetic Mutations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050537. [PMID: 32403313 PMCID: PMC7288444 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics studies performed in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) reveal a set of distinct metabolites that can shed light on the pathological alterations taking place in each individual. Metabolites levels are influenced by disease status, and genetics play an important role both in familial and sporadic ALS cases. Metabolomics analysis helps to unravel the differential impact of the most common ALS-linked genetic mutations (as C9ORF72, SOD1, TARDBP, and FUS) in specific signaling pathways. Further, studies performed in genetic models of ALS reinforce the role of TDP-43 pathology in the vast majority of ALS cases. Studies performed in differentiated cells from ALS-iPSC (induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) reveal alterations in the cell metabolism that are also found in ALS models and ultimately in ALS patients. The development of metabolomics approaches in iPSC derived from ALS patients allow addressing and ultimately understanding the pathological mechanisms taking place in any patient. Lately, the creation of a "patient in a dish" will help to identify patients that may benefit from specific treatments and allow the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Christian R. Andres
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Neurologie, 37000 Tours, France
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Mitsumoto H, Garofalo DC, Santella RM, Sorenson EJ, Oskarsson B, Fernandes JAM, Andrews H, Hupf J, Gilmore M, Heitzman D, Bedlack RS, Katz JS, Barohn RJ, Kasarskis EJ, Lomen-Hoerth C, Mozaffar T, Nations SP, Swenson AJ, Factor-Litvak P. Plasma creatinine and oxidative stress biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:263-272. [PMID: 32276554 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1746810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the associations between plasma creatinine (PCr), plasma uric acid (PUA), and urinary oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers with the ALSFRS-R at baseline and survival in a large epidemiological cohort study (ALS COSMOS) with a well-phenotyped patient population (N = 355).Methods: Fasting plasma and first void urine samples were obtained. PCr, PUA, urinary 8-oxo-deoxy guanosine (8-oxodG), and 15-F2t-isoprostane (IsoP) were analyzed at baseline, near the midpoint of follow-up, and at the final blood draw (before death or withdrawal from study). We estimated associations between these biomarkers and the ALSFRS-R at baseline and survival.Results: At baseline, PCr correlated with ALSFRS-R (Spearman r = 0.30), percent (%) FVC (r = 0.20), PUA (r = 0.37), and 8-oxodG (r = -0.13, all p < 0.05). Baseline PCr significantly predicted survival (adjusted hazard ratio 0.28, p < 0.001). Time to death from baseline was shortest for those in the lowest two PCr quartiles relative to the highest two quartiles. PCr and ALSFRS-R values were significantly correlated at all three time points (baseline: r = 0.29, midpoint: r = 0.23, final: r = 0.38, all p < 0.001). PCr and PUA significantly declined over time, whereas OS biomarkers significantly increased over time.Conclusions: To date, PCr predicted survival the best, compared to PUA, 8-oxodG, and IsoP. Although PCr represents the degree of muscle mass, it may also represent complex biochemical changes in ALS. Because the field has no reliable prognostic biomarkers, the importance of PCr warrants further investigation through clinical studies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana C Garofalo
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - J Americo M Fernandes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard Andrews
- Data Coordinating Center (DCC), Mailman School of Public Health Biostatistics Department, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
| | - Jonathan Hupf
- Department of Neurology, Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madison Gilmore
- Department of Neurology, Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan S Katz
- Forbes Norris ALS Center, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sharon P Nations
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA, and
| | | | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Zong Q, Hu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Huang J, Wang T. Associations of hyperuricemia, gout, and UA-lowering therapy with the risk of fractures: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Joint Bone Spine 2019; 86:419-427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Chen F, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang J, Yang A, Lv Q, Liu Y, Ma G, Liu Y, Wang D. Specific higher levels of serum uric acid might have a protective effect on bone mineral density within a Chinese population over 60 years old: a cross-sectional study from northeast China. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1065-1073. [PMID: 31354250 PMCID: PMC6572710 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s186500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be a mechanism that leads to bone mass reduction, and according to many studies, serum uric acid (UA) is a strong endogenous antioxidant that can protect bone mineral density (BMD). To date, there have been no large-scale, cross-sectional studies based on the population in northeast China to assess the relationship between serum UA and BMD. Therefore, we examined the association between serum UA and BMD among a Chinese population older than 60 years old in northeast China. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study of 3465 Chinese individuals over 60 years old in nine communities from the city of Shenyang, which is the capital of northeast China’s Liaoning Province. Participants were stratified into three groups by serum UA or BMD levels, and then Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to study the relationship between serum UA and BMD. Results: We found that participants with higher serum UA levels had significantly greater BMD and T-values compared to those of participants with lower serum UA levels. After adjusting for confounding factors, Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that higher serum UA levels remained associated with higher BMD levels (P<0.05). In different models, the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) among participants with higher serum UA levels was reduced by 23% to 26% (P<0.05) compared to that in individuals with lower serum UA levels. In addition, serum UA levels were negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and positively correlated with 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] (P<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that higher serum UA levels are associated with greater BMD, and serum UA might have a protective effect on bone metabolism due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aolin Yang
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Lv
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Difei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
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Aberrations in Oxidative Stress Markers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1712323. [PMID: 31281567 PMCID: PMC6590548 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1712323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in the onset and development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Data from clinical studies have highlighted increased peripheral blood oxidative stress markers in patients with ALS, but results are inconsistent. Therefore, we quantitatively pooled data on levels of blood oxidative stress markers in ALS patients from the literature using a meta-analytic technique. A systematic search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science, and we included studies analyzing blood oxidative stress marker levels in patients with ALS and normal controls. We included 41 studies with 4,588 ALS patients and 6,344 control subjects, and 15 oxidative stress marker levels were subjected to random-effects meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that malondialdehyde (Hedges' g, 1.168; 95% CI, 0.812 to 1.523; P < 0.001), 8-hydroxyguanosine (Hedges' g, 2.194; 95% CI, 0.554 to 3.835; P = 0.009), and Advanced Oxidation Protein Product (Hedges' g, 0.555; 95% CI, 0.317 to 0.792; P < 0.001) levels were significantly increased in patients with ALS when compared with control subjects. Uric acid (Hedges' g, -0.798; 95% CI, -1.117 to -0.479; P < 0.001) and glutathione (Hedges' g, -1.636; 95% CI, -3.020 to -0.252; P = 0.02) levels were significantly reduced in ALS patients. In contrast, blood Cu, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, ceruloplasmin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, coenzyme-Q10, and transferrin levels were not significantly different between cases and controls. Taken together, our results showed significantly increased blood levels of 8-hydroxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, and Advanced Oxidation Protein Product and decreased glutathione and uric acid levels in the peripheral blood of ALS patients. This meta-analysis helps to clarify the oxidative stress marker profile in ALS patients, supporting the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a central component underpinning ALS pathogenesis.
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Vijayakumar UG, Milla V, Cynthia Stafford MY, Bjourson AJ, Duddy W, Duguez SMR. A Systematic Review of Suggested Molecular Strata, Biomarkers and Their Tissue Sources in ALS. Front Neurol 2019; 10:400. [PMID: 31139131 PMCID: PMC6527847 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is an incurable neurodegenerative condition, characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. It affects 1–1.8/100,000 individuals worldwide, and the number of cases is projected to increase as the population ages. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify both therapeutic targets and disease-specific biomarkers–biomarkers that would be useful to diagnose and stratify patients into different sub-groups for therapeutic strategies, as well as biomarkers to follow the efficacy of any treatment tested during clinical trials. There is a lack of knowledge about pathogenesis and many hypotheses. Numerous “omics” studies have been conducted on ALS in the past decade to identify a disease-signature in tissues and circulating biomarkers. The first goal of the present review was to group the molecular pathways that have been implicated in monogenic forms of ALS, to enable the description of patient strata corresponding to each pathway grouping. This strategy allowed us to suggest 14 strata, each potentially targetable by different pharmacological strategies. The second goal of this review was to identify diagnostic/prognostic biomarker candidates consistently observed across the literature. For this purpose, we explore previous biomarker-relevant “omics” studies of ALS and summarize their findings, focusing on potential circulating biomarker candidates. We systematically review 118 papers on biomarkers published during the last decade. Several candidate markers were consistently shared across the results of different studies in either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood (leukocyte or serum/plasma). Although these candidates still need to be validated in a systematic manner, we suggest the use of combinations of biomarkers that would likely reflect the “health status” of different tissues, including motor neuron health (e.g., pNFH and NF-L, cystatin C, Transthyretin), inflammation status (e.g., MCP-1, miR451), muscle health (miR-338-3p, miR-206) and metabolism (homocysteine, glutamate, cholesterol). In light of these studies and because ALS is increasingly perceived as a multi-system disease, the identification of a panel of biomarkers that accurately reflect features of pathology is a priority, not only for diagnostic purposes but also for prognostic or predictive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Geetha Vijayakumar
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Milla
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Yu Cynthia Stafford
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Bjourson
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - William Duddy
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Marie-Rose Duguez
- Northern Ireland Center for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Londonderry, United Kingdom
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29
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Kaushal N, Vohora D, Jalali RK, Jha S. Review of the Literature Examining the Association of Serum Uric Acid with Osteoporosis and Mechanistic Insights into Its Effect on Bone Metabolism. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:259-273. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666181102115106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background And Objective:Osteoporosis is a common bone disorder that increases susceptibility to fragility bone fractures. The clinical and public health repercussions of osteoporosis are huge due to the morbidity, mortality, and cost of medical care linked with fragility fractures. Clinical assessment of osteoporotic risk factors can help to identify candidates at an early stage that will benefit from medical intervention and potentially lowering the morbidity and mortality seen with fractures and complications. Given this, research is ongoing to evaluate the association of osteoporosis with some novel or less well-studied risk factors/bio-markers such as uric acid (UA).Discussion:Uric acid’s antioxidant activity has been proposed to be one of the factors responsible for increasing longevity and lowering rates of age-related cancers during primate evolution, the level of which increased markedly due to loss of uricase enzyme activity (mutational silencing). Accumulated evidence shows that oxidative stress is the fundamental mechanism of age-related bone loss and acts via enhancing osteoclastic activity and increasing bone resorption. Antioxidant substances such as ascorbic acid scavenge free radicals are positively related to bone health. Thus, it is hypothesized that uric acid holds bone-protective potential owing to its potent antioxidative property. Several correlation studies have been conducted globally to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid with bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Few pre-clinical studies have tried to investigate the interaction between uric acid and bone mineral density and reported important role played via Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)/core-binding factor subunit alpha-1 (CBF-alpha-1), Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)-3a/β-catenin signaling pathway and 11β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase type 1.Conclusion:In this review, the authors provided a comprehensive summary of the literature related to association studies reported in humans as well work done until date to understand the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms that interplay between uric acid and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Kaushal
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajinder K Jalali
- Medical Affairs & Clinical Research, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Gurgaon, India
| | - Sujeet Jha
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Max Healthcare Inst. Ltd, India
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Verber NS, Shepheard SR, Sassani M, McDonough HE, Moore SA, Alix JJP, Wilkinson ID, Jenkins TM, Shaw PJ. Biomarkers in Motor Neuron Disease: A State of the Art Review. Front Neurol 2019; 10:291. [PMID: 31001186 PMCID: PMC6456669 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron disease can be viewed as an umbrella term describing a heterogeneous group of conditions, all of which are relentlessly progressive and ultimately fatal. The average life expectancy is 2 years, but with a broad range of months to decades. Biomarker research deepens disease understanding through exploration of pathophysiological mechanisms which, in turn, highlights targets for novel therapies. It also allows differentiation of the disease population into sub-groups, which serves two general purposes: (a) provides clinicians with information to better guide their patients in terms of disease progression, and (b) guides clinical trial design so that an intervention may be shown to be effective if population variation is controlled for. Biomarkers also have the potential to provide monitoring during clinical trials to ensure target engagement. This review highlights biomarkers that have emerged from the fields of systemic measurements including biochemistry (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine analysis); imaging and electrophysiology, and gives examples of how a combinatorial approach may yield the best results. We emphasize the importance of systematic sample collection and analysis, and the need to correlate biomarker findings with detailed phenotype and genotype data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick S Verber
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie R Shepheard
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matilde Sassani
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Harry E McDonough
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie A Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - James J P Alix
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M Jenkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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31
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Chen X, Wei QQ, Chen Y, Cao B, Ou R, Hou Y, Yuan X, Zhang L, Liu H, Shang H. Clinical disease stage related changes of serological factors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:53-60. [PMID: 30784318 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1550516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known whether disease clinical stage would influence the serological values in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to explore the association between the levels of serological factors with clinical progression determined by the King's College staging system. METHODS ALS Patients were registered from May 2008 to December 2016. The differences of serological values between patients and healthy controls, and the correlation of these serological values with disease stage were examined. RESULTS A total of 571 patients and 571 age-/gender-/BMI-matched healthy controls were included. The levels of creatinine, uric acid (UA), albumin, total protein, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly lower, and the low-density lipoprotein/HDL ratio was higher in ALS patients than those in healthy controls. The levels of UA, albumin, and total protein were significantly reversely correlated with diseases stages. The longitudinal observation of 81 ALS patients also showed that the levels of UA, creatinine, albumin, total protein, and HDL were significantly decreased in the second hematological examinations. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, ALS patients and control subjects were evenly matched with regard to sex, age, and BMI value, this finding could be considered as a metabolite signature in ALS. The changes of metabolite-based serological factors with progression of disease stage might be related to the pathophysiology of disease, and might have clinical utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Chen
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Qian-Qian Wei
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Yongping Chen
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Bei Cao
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - RuWei Ou
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Xiaoqin Yuan
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Hui Liu
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Huifang Shang
- a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
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Campanari ML, Bourefis AR, Kabashi E. Diagnostic Challenge and Neuromuscular Junction Contribution to ALS Pathogenesis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:68. [PMID: 30787905 PMCID: PMC6372519 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) represents the major adult-onset motor neuron disease. Both human and animal studies reveal the critical implication of muscle and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in the initial phase of this disease. Despite the common efforts, ALS diagnosis remains particularly challenging since many other disorders can overlap yielding similar clinical phenotypic features. A combination of further research on the NMJ parameters that are specific for this disease and laboratory tests are crucial for the early determination of specific changes in the muscle, as well as in motor neuron and the prediction of ALS progression. Also, it could provide a powerful tool in the discrimination of particular ALS and ALS-mimic cases and increase the efficacy of therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Letizia Campanari
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université de Paris 06, Unité Mixte 75, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, INSERM Unité 1163, Paris Descartes Université, Paris, France
| | - Annis-Rayan Bourefis
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université de Paris 06, Unité Mixte 75, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, INSERM Unité 1163, Paris Descartes Université, Paris, France
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université de Paris 06, Unité Mixte 75, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, INSERM Unité 1163, Paris Descartes Université, Paris, France
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Zhang C, Yang Y, Liang W, Wang T, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Jiang H, Feng H. Neuroprotection by urate on the mutant hSOD1-related cellular and Drosophila models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Implication for GSH synthesis via activating Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2/GCLC pathways. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:287-301. [PMID: 30690059 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been considered as a principal mechanism of motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease which could be caused by dominant mutations in an antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of urate, an important endogenous antioxidant and a biomarker of favorable ALS progression rates, in the mutant human SOD1-related cellular and Drosophila models of ALS. Our results showed that urate treatment provided neuroprotective effects as confirmed by enhanced survival, attenuated motor impairments, reduced oxidative damage and increased antioxidant defense in hSOD1-G85R-expressing Drosophila models of ALS. In vitro studies, we demonstrated that urate protected motor neurons (NSC-34 cells) against hSOD1-G93A-induced cell damage and apoptosis by decreasing reactive oxygen specials (ROS) production and oxidative damage. Moreover, urate markedly increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), stimulated Nrf2-targeted antioxidant gene glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression and glutathione (GSH) synthesis by upregulating Akt/GSK3β pathway. Furthermore, the inhibition of Akt pathway with LY294002 abolished urate-mediated elevation of GSH synthesis and neuroprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these results suggested that, in addition to its direct scavenging of ROS, urate markedly enhanced GSH expression by activating Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2/GCLC pathway, and thus offering neuroprotective effects on motor neurons against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Yueqing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Tianhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Hongquan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China
| | - Honglin Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, PR China.
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Miranda-Vizuete A, Tinkov AA, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M. Sex-Specific Differences in Redox Homeostasis in Brain Norm and Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:312-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Although we currently have two, approved, disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we are in disperate need for more efficacious treatment. To aggressively test for newer therapies, we must develop reliable objective biomarkers to supplement clinical outcome measures. Many biomarker candidates have been actively and vigorously investigated. Among neurophysiological biomarkers, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-based biomarkers show potential in exploring disease mechanisms. Neuroimaging biomarkers have high specificity in diagnosing ALS but are an expensive endeavor and are not sensitive enough to detect changes over time of the disease. Among fluid-based biochemical biomarkers, creatinine (Crn) and uric acids (UA), which have been known for decades, may prove to be highly promising biomarkers that can predict disease progression. They can be easily tested in any clinical trials because the costs are minimal. Although known for some time, neurofilaments (NF), either phosphorylated-NF heavy subunit (pNFH) or NF light subunit (NFL), have emerged as "new" biomarkers using specific antibodies. They appear to be highly specific and sensitive in diagnosing ALS, yet they may be insensitive to assess changes in disease over time. These two NF biomarkers along with Crn and UA should be explored extensively in future clinical trials and any other clinical studies in ALS. Yet, we still need newer, more innovative, and reliable biomarkers for future ALS research. Fortunatley, aggressive investigations appear to be currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Wesley J Howe Professor of Neurology (at CUMC), Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC)
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Emerging Role of Purine Metabolizing Enzymes in Brain Function and Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113598. [PMID: 30441833 PMCID: PMC6274932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing evidence of the involvement of purine compounds in signaling, of nucleotide imbalance in tumorigenesis, the discovery of purinosome and its regulation, cast new light on purine metabolism, indicating that well known biochemical pathways may still surprise. Adenosine deaminase is important not only to preserve functionality of immune system but also to ensure a correct development and function of central nervous system, probably because its activity regulates the extracellular concentration of adenosine and therefore its function in brain. A lot of work has been done on extracellular 5′-nucleotidase and its involvement in the purinergic signaling, but also intracellular nucleotidases, which regulate the purine nucleotide homeostasis, play unexpected roles, not only in tumorigenesis but also in brain function. Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) appears to have a role in the purinosome formation and, therefore, in the regulation of purine synthesis rate during cell cycle with implications in brain development and tumors. The final product of purine catabolism, uric acid, also plays a recently highlighted novel role. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological manifestations of purine dysmetabolisms, focusing on the newly described/hypothesized roles of cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase II, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, HPRT, and xanthine oxidase.
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Association of serum uric acid with bone mineral density and clinical fractures in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 486:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Taga A, Maragakis NJ. Current and emerging ALS biomarkers: utility and potential in clinical trials. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:871-886. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1530987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arens Taga
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Silva RP, Carvalho LAC, Patricio ES, Bonifacio JPP, Chaves-Filho AB, Miyamoto S, Meotti FC. Identification of urate hydroperoxide in neutrophils: A novel pro-oxidant generated in inflammatory conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:177-186. [PMID: 30118829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism in humans and is considered to be quantitatively the main antioxidant in plasma. In vitro studies showed that the oxidation of uric acid by peroxidases, in presence of superoxide, generates urate free radical and urate hydroperoxide. Urate hydroperoxide is a strong oxidant and might be a relevant intermediate in inflammatory conditions. However, the identification of urate hydroperoxide in cells and biological samples has been a challenge due to its high reactivity. By using mass spectrometry, we undoubtedly demonstrated the formation of urate hydroperoxide and its corresponding alcohol, hydroxyisourate during the respiratory burst in peripheral blood neutrophils and in human leukemic cells differentiated in neutrophils (dHL-60). The respiratory burst was induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and greatly increased oxygen consumption and superoxide production. Both oxygen consumption and superoxide production were further augmented by incubation with uric acid. Conversely, uric acid significantly decreased the levels of HOCl, probably because of the competition with chloride by the catalysis of myeloperoxidase. In spite of the decrease in HOCl, the overall oxidative status, measured by GSH/GSSG ratio, was augmented in the presence of uric acid. In summary, the present results support the formation of urate hydroperoxide, a novel oxidant in neutrophils oxidative burst. Urate hydroperoxide is a strong oxidant and alters the redox balance toward a pro-oxidative environment. The production of urate hydroperoxide in inflammatory conditions could explain, at least in part, the harmful effect associated to uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Railmara P Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa A C Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliziane S Patricio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P P Bonifacio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano B Chaves-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Meotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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40
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Fuss J, Uhlig G, Böhme M. Earliest evidence of caries lesion in hominids reveal sugar-rich diet for a Middle Miocene dryopithecine from Europe. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203307. [PMID: 30161214 PMCID: PMC6117023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of dental caries is mainly caused by dietary habits and therefore, may contain information for dietary reconstructions of fossil hominids. This study investigates the caries lesion in the 12.5 Ma old type specimen of Dryopithecus carinthiacus Mottl 1957 (Primates, Hominidae) from St. Stefan (Austria). Potential food sources are identified on associated palynological data, which allow conclusions about food quality, sugar availability and the hominid metabolism during the Middle Miocene. Using micro computed tomography (μCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we provide a detailed analysis and characterization of the individuals' caries type. Its lesion is compared with a dataset of 311 wild chimpanzees, indicating morphological and etiological differences in caries formation between both species. The affected molar of D. carinthiacus reveals features known from severe dental caries in humans: (1) Cavitation with steep walls and smooth surface; (2) Reparative dentine at the roof of the pulp chamber; (3) Sclerotic dentine below the cavitation; (4) Association with dental calculus and (5) Unilateral usage of the healthy right tooth row. Its advanced primary caries, initiating on the intact enamel surface, indicates a frequent intake of highly cariogenic sugar-rich fruits, which likely exceeds the frugivory of extant chimpanzees. This finding corresponds with the associated palynological record, which infers a habitat with nearly year-round supply (9-10 months/year) of high quality foods (>carbohydrates; < fibers). Our conclusions challenge the model of a step-wise increase in dietary quality during hominid evolution and support the uricase hypothesis, which discusses the hominid autapomorphy of a fructose-based fat accumulation for periods of starvation. This model receives further validation by the identification of soft-tissue preservation, interpreted as fossilized white adipose cells, in the articulated hominid skeleton of Oreopithecus bamboli from Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Fuss
- Department of Geoscience, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Uhlig
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Madelaine Böhme
- Department of Geoscience, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Tübingen, Germany
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Urate mitigates oxidative stress and motor neuron toxicity of astrocytes derived from ALS-linked SOD1 G93A mutant mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 92:12-16. [PMID: 29928993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in an antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons. Oxidative stress has also been linked to many of the neurodegenerative diseases and is likely a central mechanism of motor neuron death in ALS. Astrocytes derived from mutant SOD1G93A mouse models or patients play a significant role in the degeneration of spinal motor neurons in ALS through a non-cell-autonomous process. Here we characterize the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of urate (a.k.a. uric acid), a major endogenous antioxidant and a biomarker of favorable ALS progression rates, in a cellular model of ALS. Our results demonstrate a significant protective effect of urate against motor neuron injury evoked by mutant astrocytes derived from SOD1G93A mice or hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. Overall, these results implicate astrocyte dependent protective effect of urate in a cellular model of ALS. These findings together with our biomarker data may advance novel targets for treating motor neuron disease.
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Lewczuk P, Riederer P, O’Bryant SE, Verbeek MM, Dubois B, Visser PJ, Jellinger KA, Engelborghs S, Ramirez A, Parnetti L, Jack CR, Teunissen CE, Hampel H, Lleó A, Jessen F, Glodzik L, de Leon MJ, Fagan AM, Molinuevo JL, Jansen WJ, Winblad B, Shaw LM, Andreasson U, Otto M, Mollenhauer B, Wiltfang J, Turner MR, Zerr I, Handels R, Thompson AG, Johansson G, Ermann N, Trojanowski JQ, Karaca I, Wagner H, Oeckl P, van Waalwijk van Doorn L, Bjerke M, Kapogiannis D, Kuiperij HB, Farotti L, Li Y, Gordon BA, Epelbaum S, Vos SJB, Klijn CJM, Van Nostrand WE, Minguillon C, Schmitz M, Gallo C, Mato AL, Thibaut F, Lista S, Alcolea D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Kornhuber J, Riederer P, Gallo C, Kapogiannis D, Mato AL, Thibaut F. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers for neurodegenerative dementias: An update of the Consensus of the Task Force on Biological Markers in Psychiatry of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:244-328. [PMID: 29076399 PMCID: PMC5916324 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1375556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 12 years since the publication of the first Consensus Paper of the WFSBP on biomarkers of neurodegenerative dementias, enormous advancement has taken place in the field, and the Task Force takes now the opportunity to extend and update the original paper. New concepts of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the conceptual interactions between AD and dementia due to AD were developed, resulting in two sets for diagnostic/research criteria. Procedures for pre-analytical sample handling, biobanking, analyses and post-analytical interpretation of the results were intensively studied and optimised. A global quality control project was introduced to evaluate and monitor the inter-centre variability in measurements with the goal of harmonisation of results. Contexts of use and how to approach candidate biomarkers in biological specimens other than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), e.g. blood, were precisely defined. Important development was achieved in neuroimaging techniques, including studies comparing amyloid-β positron emission tomography results to fluid-based modalities. Similarly, development in research laboratory technologies, such as ultra-sensitive methods, raises our hopes to further improve analytical and diagnostic accuracy of classic and novel candidate biomarkers. Synergistically, advancement in clinical trials of anti-dementia therapies energises and motivates the efforts to find and optimise the most reliable early diagnostic modalities. Finally, the first studies were published addressing the potential of cost-effectiveness of the biomarkers-based diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, and Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Peter Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sid E. O’Bryant
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Willemijn J. Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel and University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- iBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martin R. Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ron Handels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Gunilla Johansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilker Karaca
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda van Waalwijk van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H. Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Farotti
- Section of Neurology, Center for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Yi Li
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian A. Gordon
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Salpêtrièrie Hospital, INSERM UMR-S 975 (ICM), Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie J. B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. M. Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Dementia Centre, Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carla Gallo
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares/Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea Lopez Mato
- Chair of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cochin-Site Tarnier 89 rue d’Assas, INSERM 894, Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Spain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Takei K, Tsuda K, Takahashi F, Hirai M, Palumbo J. An assessment of treatment guidelines, clinical practices, demographics, and progression of disease among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan, the United States, and Europe. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 18:88-97. [PMID: 28872912 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1361445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing clinical research focus on neuroprotective agents in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it is unclear how generalisable clinical study trial results are between different countries and regions. OBJECTIVE To assess similarities and differences in clinical practice and treatment guidelines for ALS, and also to compare the demographics and rate of progression of disease in patients with ALS enrolled in clinical trials in Japan, the US, and Europe. METHODS We performed a review of clinical studies published since 2000 to compare the demographics and characteristics of patients with ALS. Progression of ALS disease was assessed in patients receiving placebo. The changes per month in ALSFRS-R score were calculated and compared between the studies. RESULTS Overall, diagnostic criteria, recognition of ALS symptoms, comorbidities, use of riluzole, and nutritional, and respiratory support were similar. Regarding demographics and characteristics, there were no clear differences in the incidence of sporadic ALS (range 91-98%), bulbar onset (range 11-41%), and median time from onset to diagnosis (range 9-14 months) among the populations despite the difference in race between regions. However, use of tracheostomy-based invasive respiratory support was higher in Japan (29-38%) than in the US (4%) and Europe (1-31%). Rate of progression of disease was similar between the US and Europe study populations (range -0.89 to -1.60 points/month), and the Japanese study populations (range -1.03 to -1.21 points/month). CONCLUSION There is evidence to support the generalisability of data from the Japanese ALS trial experience to the US and Europe populations in early to mid-stage of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takei
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and
| | - Kikumi Tsuda
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and
| | | | - Manabu Hirai
- b Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Joseph Palumbo
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and.,b Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
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Zhang F, Zhang Q, Ke Y, Hao J, Lu L, Lu N, Chen X. Serum uric acid levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1100. [PMID: 29348425 PMCID: PMC5773600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanism of ALS remains unclear. However, increasing evidence has indicated that uric acid (UA) may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum UA levels and ALS. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted up to 31st August, 2017, using keywords. A random-effects model or fixed-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimate according to the inter-group heterogeneity. Finally, we indentified 8 case-control and 3 cohort studies. The results indicated that patients with ALS had significant decreased levels of serum UA compared to healthy controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.72, 95% CI [-0.98,-0.46], P < 0.001). Increased serum UA levels were associated with lower all-cause mortality risk among ALS patients (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70, 95% CI [0.57, 0.87], P = 0.001). To summarize, there is an inverse association between serum UA levels and risk of death among ALS patients. Randomized controlled trials with high quality are required to elucidate the role of UA on ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Yaqiong Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Jianbo Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Xiling Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
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Kaushal N, Vohora D, Jalali RK, Jha S. Raised serum uric acid is associated with higher bone mineral density in a cross-sectional study of a healthy Indian population. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:75-82. [PMID: 29379298 PMCID: PMC5759848 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s147696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress has been implicated as a fundamental mechanism in the decline of bone mass. Reactive oxygen species are reported to suppress osteoblast generation and differentiation and enhance osteoclast development and activity. Increasing evidence suggests favorable effect of serum uric acid (UA) on bone metabolism due to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, we investigated the association between serum UA levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy adult Indian subjects. Materials and methods We reviewed the medical records of 524 subjects who had undergone preventive health check-ups in a tertiary care hospital that included UA and BMD measurements at femur neck, total femur, and lumbar spine. Subjects concomitantly taking drugs or having a medical condition that would affect the bone metabolism or UA levels were excluded. Results The final analysis included 310 subjects (mean age: 47.2±12.2 years; females: 43.5%; males: 56.5%). Study population was categorized into two groups based on the group median value for UA (ie, 5.4 mg/dL). BMD was significantly higher at all skeletal sites in subjects with UA >5.4 mg/dL compared to subjects with UA ≤5.4 mg/dL (p<0.001). On correlation analysis, UA was positively associated with BMD at all skeletal sites (r=0.211–0.277; p<0.05). The correlation remained significant after controlling for age (p<0.05) and lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and diet; p<0.05) independently. UA significantly (p<0.001) accounted for 4.5%–7.7% of the variance in BMD (r2=0.045–0.077) in unadjusted model and 1.6%–3.2% of the variance (p<0.05) when adjusted for age and body mass index combined at lumbar spine and right femur neck, respectively. Conclusion We conclude that raised UA levels are associated with higher BMD at all skeletal sites and UA may have a protective role in bone metabolism owing to its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Kaushal
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
| | - Divya Vohora
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
| | - Rajinder K Jalali
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Research, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Gurgaon
| | - Sujeet Jha
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Max Healthcare Inst. Ltd, New Delhi, India
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O'Reilly ÉJ, Bjornevik K, Schwarzschild MA, McCullough ML, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Manson JE, Ascherio A. Pre-diagnostic plasma urate and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2017; 19:194-200. [PMID: 29277115 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1418005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine for the first time the association between plasma urate levels measured in healthy participants and future amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk. METHODS A pooled case-control study nested in five US prospective cohorts comprising 319,617 participants who provided blood, of which 275 had ALS during follow-up. Pre-diagnostic plasma urate was determined for all participants using a clinical colorimetric enzyme assay. Gender-specific multivariable-adjusted rate ratios (RR) of ALS incidence or death estimated by conditional logistic regression and pooled using inverse-variance weighting. RESULTS In age- and matching factor-adjusted analyses, a 1 mg/dL increase in urate concentration was associated with RR = 0.88 (95% CI: [0.78, 0.997] p = 0.044). After adjustment for BMI, a strong predictor of ALS and urate levels, and other potential covariates, the RR = 0.89 (95% CI: [0.78, 1.02]; p = 0.08 for 1mg/dL increase in urate). CONCLUSION Elevation of plasma urate was modestly inversely associated with the risk of ALS and warrants further study for a potential role in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éilis J O'Reilly
- a School of Public Health , College of Medicine, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,b Department of Nutrition , Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Kjetil Bjornevik
- c Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,d The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Center, Department of Neurology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | | | | | - Laurence N Kolonel
- g Epidemiology Program , University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu , HI , USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- g Epidemiology Program , University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu , HI , USA
| | - Joann E Manson
- h Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,i Department of Epidemiology , Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA , and
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- b Department of Nutrition , Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA.,i Department of Epidemiology , Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health , Boston , MA , USA , and.,j Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Changes in routine laboratory tests and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:2177-2182. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Paganoni S, Nicholson K, Chan J, Shui A, Schoenfeld D, Sherman A, Berry J, Cudkowicz M, Atassi N. Urate levels predict survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Analysis of the expanded Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS clinical trials database. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:430-434. [PMID: 28857199 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urate has been identified as a predictor of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) survival in some but not all studies. Here we leverage the recent expansion of the Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials (PRO-ACT) database to study the association between urate levels and ALS survival. METHODS Pooled data of 1,736 ALS participants from the PRO-ACT database were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations between urate levels at trial entry and survival. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders (i.e., creatinine and body mass index), there was an 11% reduction in risk of reaching a survival endpoint during the study with each 1-mg/dL increase in uric acid levels (adjusted hazard ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.82-0.97, P < 0.01). DISCUSSION Our pooled analysis provides further support for urate as a prognostic factor for survival in ALS and confirms the utility of the PRO-ACT database as a powerful resource for ALS epidemiological research. Muscle Nerve 57: 430-434, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Paganoni
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge St, Suite 600 Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katharine Nicholson
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge St, Suite 600 Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - James Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Shui
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Schoenfeld
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Sherman
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge St, Suite 600 Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - James Berry
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge St, Suite 600 Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge St, Suite 600 Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
| | - Nazem Atassi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge St, Suite 600 Boston, Massachusetts, 02114
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Zhao K, Luan X, Liu Z, Zhu Z, Chen H, Shen H, Cai Y, Qiu H, Wang Q, Gu Y, Zhu L, He J. Low serum uric acid levels in chronic insomnia patients: A case-control study. Neurosci Lett 2017; 657:102-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of multiple neurological diseases. Genetic and environmental factors can produce oxidative stress through mitochondrial dysfunction leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic and other neurons underlying Parkinson disease (PD). Although clinical trials of antioxidants have thus far failed to demonstrate slowed progression of PD, oxidative stress remains a compelling target. Rather than prompting abandonment of antioxidant strategies, these failures have raised the bar for justifying drug and dosing selections and for improving study designs to test for disease modification by antioxidants. Urate, the main antioxidant found in plasma as well as the end product of purine metabolism in humans, has emerged as a promising potential neuroprotectant with advantages that distinguish it from previously tested antioxidant agents. Uniquely, higher urate levels in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been linked to both a lower risk of developing PD and to a slower rate of its subsequent progression in numerous large prospective epidemiological and clinical cohorts. Laboratory evidence that urate confers neuroprotection in cellular and animal models of PD, possibly via the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, further strengthened its candidacy for rapid clinical translation. An early phase trial of the urate precursor inosine demonstrated its capacity to safely produce well tolerated, long-term elevation of plasma and CSF urate in early PD, supporting a phase 3 trial now underway to determine whether oral inosine dosed to elevate urate to concentrations predictive of favorable prognosis in PD slows clinical decline in people with recently diagnosed, dopamine transporter-deficient PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace F Crotty
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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