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Badger T, Anderson E, Nelson S, Groesch K, Wilson T, Diaz-Sylvester P, Delfino K, Le N, Brard L, Braundmeier-Fleming A. Potential tools for predicting response to chemotherapy in OC: Assessment of immune dysbiosis, participant's self-rated health and microbial dynamics. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 163:104241. [PMID: 38492533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest female reproductive cancer; an estimated 13,270 women will die from OC in 2023. Platinum-based chemotherapy resistance mechanisms contribute to poor OC 5-year survival rates. Peripheral inflammation is linked to various disease states and we previously identified unique peritoneal microbial features predictive of OC. We hypothesized that unique peripheral immune profiles and peritoneal microbial features may be predictive of disease-free interval (time to recurrence) and response to chemotherapy in participants with OC. We also investigated self-rated health (SRH) scores in the context of peripheral inflammation as a potential screening tool for OC. Blood and peritoneal fluid were collected from participants with OC or a benign adnexal mass (BPM). Lymphocyte populations were analyzed using Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting, serum cytokine levels were analyzed using the Human Th17 Magnetic Bead Panel assay and peritoneal fluid microbial features were analyzed using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Participants completed a standardized questionnaire on self-rated physical and emotional health. Participants were classified into three chemotherapy response categories: platinum-refractory, platinum-resistant or platinum-sensitive. A significant positive correlation was found between elevated inflammatory status on the day of surgery and longer disease-free interval. SRH measures did not correlate with immune status in participants with OC or a BPM. We identified a correlation between peritoneal microbial features and chemotherapy response. We conclude that immune dysbiosis may be useful in predicting OC recurrence. The immune findings reported here set the framework for additional studies utilizing immune profiles to predict platinum-based chemotherapy responsiveness in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Badger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Sarah Nelson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 415 N. 9th St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Teresa Wilson
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 415 N. 9th St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Paula Diaz-Sylvester
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 415 N. 9th St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 315 W. Carpenter St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Kristin Delfino
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Nhung Le
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Laurent Brard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 415 N. 9th St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 315 W. Carpenter St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States
| | - Andrea Braundmeier-Fleming
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 415 N. 9th St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 315 W. Carpenter St, Springfield, IL 62702, United States.
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Kadian S, Gopalakrishnan S, Selvamani V, Khan S, Meyer T, Thomas R, Rana MM, Irazoqui PP, Verma MS, Rahimi R. Smart Capsule for Targeted Detection of Inflammation Levels Inside the GI Tract. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:1565-1576. [PMID: 38096093 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3343337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Effective management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is contingent upon frequent monitoring of inflammation levels at targeted locations within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This is crucial for assessing disease progression and detecting potential relapses. To address this need, a novel single-use capsule technology has been devised that enables region-specific inflammation measurement, thereby facilitating repeatable monitoring within the GI tract. The capsule integrates a pH-responsive coating for location-specific activation, a chemiluminescent paper-based myeloperoxidase (MPO) sensor for inflammation detection, and a miniaturized photodetector, complemented by embedded electronics for real-time wireless data transmission. Demonstrating linear sensitivity within the physiological MPO concentration range, the sensor is capable of effectively identifying inflammation risk in the GI fluid. Luminescence emitted by the sensor, proportional to MPO concentration, is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector, generating a quantifiable energy output with a sensitivity of 6.14 µJ/U.ml-1. The capsule was also tested with GI fluids collected from pig models simulating various inflammation states. Despite the physiological complexities, the capsule consistently activated in the intended region and accurately detected MPO levels with less than a 5% variation between readings in GI fluid and a PBS solution. This study heralds a significant step towards minimally invasive, in situ GI inflammation monitoring, potentially revolutionizing personalized IBD management and patient-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Song X, Liang J, Lin S, Xie Y, Ke C, Ao D, Lu J, Chen X, He Y, Liu X, Li W. Gut-lung axis and asthma: A historical review on mechanism and future perspective. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12356. [PMID: 38687096 PMCID: PMC11060082 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota are closely related to the development and regulation of the host immune system by regulating the maturation of immune cells and the resistance to pathogens, which affects the host immunity. Early use of antibiotics disrupts the homeostasis of gut microbiota and increases the risk of asthma. Gut microbiota actively interact with the host immune system via the gut-lung axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and lung. The manipulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to combat asthma has become a hot research topic. BODY: This review mainly describes the current immune pathogenesis of asthma, gut microbiota and the role of the gut-lung axis in asthma. Moreover, the potential of manipulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites as a treatment strategy for asthma has been discussed. CONCLUSION The gut-lung axis has a bidirectional effect on asthma. Gut microecology imbalance contributes to asthma through bacterial structural components and metabolites. Asthma, in turn, can also cause intestinal damage through inflammation throughout the body. The manipulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and FMT can inform the treatment strategies for asthma by regulating the maturation of immune cells and the resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Ling Song
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Shao‐Zhu Lin
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Yu‐Wei Xie
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Chuang‐Hong Ke
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Dang Ao
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Xue‐Mei Chen
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Ying‐Zhi He
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Xiao‐Hua Liu
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Wen Li
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
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Vilela C, Araújo B, Soares-Guedes C, Caridade-Silva R, Martins-Macedo J, Teixeira C, Gomes ED, Prudêncio C, Vieira M, Teixeira FG. From the Gut to the Brain: Is Microbiota a New Paradigm in Parkinson's Disease Treatment? Cells 2024; 13:770. [PMID: 38727306 PMCID: PMC11083070 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized as the second most prevalent primary chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Clinically, PD is characterized as a movement disorder, exhibiting an incidence and mortality rate that is increasing faster than any other neurological condition. In recent years, there has been a growing interest concerning the role of the gut microbiota in the etiology and pathophysiology of PD. The establishment of a brain-gut microbiota axis is now real, with evidence denoting a bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut microbiota through metabolic, immune, neuronal, and endocrine mechanisms and pathways. Among these, the vagus nerve represents the most direct form of communication between the brain and the gut. Given the potential interactions between bacteria and drugs, it has been observed that the therapies for PD can have an impact on the composition of the microbiota. Therefore, in the scope of the present review, we will discuss the current understanding of gut microbiota on PD and whether this may be a new paradigm for treating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Vilela
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Carla Soares-Guedes
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Rita Caridade-Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Eduardo D. Gomes
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Mónica Vieira
- Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (TBIO)/Health Research Network (RISE-Health), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.S.-G.); (E.D.G.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Fábio G. Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.A.); (J.M.-M.)
- ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.-S.); (C.T.)
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Tong G, Qian H, Li D, Li J, Chen J, Li X, Tan Z. Intestinal Flora Imbalance Induced by Antibiotic Use in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1789-1804. [PMID: 38528993 PMCID: PMC10961240 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to explore the effect of different doses of antibiotics on rats in order to observe alterations in their fecal microbiota, inflammatory changes in the colonic mucosa and four types of inflammatory markers in blood serum. Methods Our methodology involved separating 84 female Sprague Dawley rats into groups A-G, with each group consisting of 12 rats. We collected the rat feces for analysis, using a distinct medium for bacterial cultivation and counting colonies under a microscope. On the 11th and 15th days of the experiment, half of the rats from each group were euthanized and 5 mL of abdominal aortic blood and colon tissues were collected. Inflammations changes of colon were observed and assessed by pathological Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted for detecting C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL1-β and TNF-α. Results Our findings revealed that the initial average weight of the rats did not differ between groups (p>0.05); but significant differences were observed between stool samples, water intake, food intake and weight (p=0.009, <0.001, 0.016 and 0.04, respectively) within two hours after the experiment. Additionally, there were notable differences among the groups in nine tested microbiota before and after weighting methods (all p<0.001). There were no difference in nine microbiota at day 1 (all p>0.05); at day 4 A/B (p=0.044), A/D (p<0.001), A/E (p=0.029); at day 8, all p<0.01, at day 11, only A/F exist significant difference (p<0.001); at day 14 only A/D has difference (p=0.045). Inflammation changes of colon were observed between groups A-G at days 11 and 15. Significant differences between all groups can be observed for CRP, IL-6, IL1-β and TNF-α (p<0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that antibiotics administration can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the rat gut ecosystem, resulting in an inflammatory response in their bloodstream and inducing inflammation changes of colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Tong
- General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Qian
- General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongli Li
- Central Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Central Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongfeng Li
- Orthopedic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Tan
- General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Luqman A, Hassan A, Ullah M, Naseem S, Ullah M, Zhang L, Din AU, Ullah K, Ahmad W, Wang G. Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321395. [PMID: 38343539 PMCID: PMC10853344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such a microbiome is essential for sustaining host equilibrium, and its impact on human health can be altered by a variety of factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, and genetics. Gut microbes' imbalances are related to a variety of chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, and digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal microbes have a significant role in the formation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is still the primary cause of fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and some inherited variables are all cardiovascular risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, intestinal flora, and dietary intake. Variations in the diversity of gut microbes and changes in their activity are thought to influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, the gut microbiota acts as an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites such as TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), and bile acids, which have a substantial impact on host wellness and disease by multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this overview is to compile current evidence highlighting the intricate links between gut microbiota, metabolites, and the development of CVD. It focuses on how intestinal dysbiosis promotes CVD risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. This review explores the normal physiology of intestinal microbes and potential techniques for targeting gut bacteria for CVD treatment using various microbial metabolites. It also examines the significance of gut bacteria in disease treatment, including supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, and fecal transplantation, which is an innovative approach to the management of CVD. As a result, gut bacteria and metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive as potential targets for CVD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sahar Naseem
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehraj Ullah
- School of Fermentation Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
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Qian Z, Zhang M, Lu T, Yu J, Yin S, Wang H, Wang J. Propolis alleviates ulcerative colitis injury by inhibiting the protein kinase C - transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 - calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P (PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP) signaling axis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294169. [PMID: 38206948 PMCID: PMC10783729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of water-soluble propolis (WSP) on colonic tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) and the role of the protein kinase C - transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 - calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P (PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP) signaling pathway. Male SD rats were divided into a control group, a UC model group, various WSP groups (Low-WSP, Medium-WSP, and High-WSP) with UC, and a salazosulfapyridine (SASP) positive control group with UC. After UC was established, the WSP and SASP groups were treated with WSP or SASP, respectively, for 7 d. Each day, body weight measurements were obtained, and the disease activity index (DAI) was recorded by observing fecal characteristics and blood in the stool. After the experiment, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) colonic tissue staining was performed to observe pathological changes, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP expression in colonic tissues, and laser confocal microscopy was performed to observe the fluorescence colocalization of PKC/TRPV1, TRPV1/CGRP, and TRPV1/SP. HE staining showed significant colonic tissue structure disruption and inflammatory infiltration in the UC group. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP in the colonic tissues of the UC group increased significantly compared with that of the control group. Compared with the UC group, the expression of PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP in colonic tissues was significantly reduced in the High-WSP, Medium-WSP, and SASP groups. Immunofluorescence showed the colocalized expression of PKC/TRPV1, TRPV1/CGRP, and TRPV1/SP proteins in the colon tissue of the UC group was significantly reduced after WSP and SASP interventions compared with that of the control group. The results suggest that the mechanism of UC alleviation by propolis may inhibit the PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory mediators, thus alleviating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Taiyu Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Siyuan Yin
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui province, China
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Elbaz AM, Ashmawy ES, Ali SAM, Mourad DM, El-Samahy HS, Badri FB, Thabet HA. Effectiveness of probiotics and clove essential oils in improving growth performance, immuno-antioxidant status, ileum morphometric, and microbial community structure for heat-stressed broilers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18846. [PMID: 37914748 PMCID: PMC10620235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest has increased in using bio-additives, herbs, and their extracts as feed additives because of their potential role in improving chick's health and productivity, especially during stress. Thus, our aim in this study is to examine whether nutritional supplementation (probiotics and clove essential oils) will help mitigate the negative effect of heat stress on the bird by modifying the microbial content, boosting immunity, oxidative status, metabolic, and growth. In this study, three hundred one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were fed the following experimental diet: (CON) basal diet (control diet); (CEO) CON with clove essential oils (300 mg/kg); (PRO) CON with probiotics (2 g/kg); (PC) CON with probiotics and clove essential oils. Our results showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzymes activities in broilers fed on PC, CEO, and PRO compared to the control group. Moreover, a significant decrease was recorded in the abdominal fat content and an increase in the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, and higher antibody levels against Newcastle disease virus, as well as, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in interleukin 10 (IL-10) in all treated groups. Meanwhile, there was a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in all supplemented groups compared with the control group. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein concentrations, and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly lower in the treated groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were elevated (P < 0.05) and the malondialdehyde level value significantly decreased in all supplemented groups. The treated groups enhanced the ileum structure by increasing Lactobacillus, decreasing E. coli, and improving the morphometrically (P < 0.05). This study strongly suggests that clove essential oil and probiotic mixture can be used as a feed supplement to reduce the effects of heat stress by improving the growth performance and enhancing immuno-antioxidant status, ileum morphometric, as well as modifying the microbial community structure of the ileum of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elbaz
- Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Ashmawy
- Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa A M Ali
- Poultry Physiological Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Disouky M Mourad
- Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Samahy
- Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faisal B Badri
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany A Thabet
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang T, Lv Y, Zhao Y, Yang J, Qian B, Zhu Y, Zhao W, Zhu M. Changes in intestinal flora of mice induced by rEg.P29 epitope peptide vaccines. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1082. [PMID: 38018604 PMCID: PMC10664826 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a public health and socioeconomic issue worldwide, making its prevention and treatment of vital importance. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the intestinal microbiota of mice immunized with three peptide vaccines based on the recombinant antigen of E. granulosus, P29 (rEg.P29), with the hope of providing more valuable information for the development of vaccines against CE. METHODS Three peptide vaccines, rEg.P29T , rEg.P29B , and rEg.P29T + B , were prepared based on rEg.P29, and a subcutaneous immunization model was established. The intestinal floras of mice in the different immunization groups were analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The intestinal microbiota analysis at both immunization time points revealed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota were the predominant flora at the phylum level, while at the genus level, Akkermansia, unclassified_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and uncultured_rumen bacterium were the dominant genera. Some probiotics in the intestines of mice were significantly increased after immunization with the peptide vaccines, such as Lactobacillus_taiwanensis, Lactobacillus_reuteri, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Bacteroides_acidifaciens, and so forth. Meanwhile, some harmful or conditionally pathogenic bacteria were decreased, such as Turicibacter sanguinis, Desulfovibrio_fairfieldensis, Clostridium_sp, and so forth, most of which are associated with inflammatory or infectious diseases. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the differential flora were enriched in multiple metabolic pathways, primarily biological systems, human diseases, metabolism, cellular processes, and environmental information processing. CONCLUSION In this study, we comprehensively analyzed and compared changes in the intestinal microbiota of mice immunized with three peptide vaccines as well as their related metabolic pathways, providing a theoretical background for the development of novel vaccines against E. granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Clinical MedicineNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
| | - Yongxue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Jihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Bingshuo Qian
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Common Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in NingxiaYinchuanChina
- Science and Technology Center of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
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10
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Wang M, Li Y, Yang X, Liu Z, Wang K, Gong D, Li J. Effects of metronidazole on colorectal cancer occurrence and colorectal cancer liver metastases by regulating Fusobacterium nucleatum in mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1067. [PMID: 38018574 PMCID: PMC10683560 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Metronidazole (MNZ) is exceedingly implicated in CRC. This study explored the roles of MNZ in mouse CRC occurrence and liver metastasis (CRLM). METHODS Male BALB/c nude mice were subjected to CRC and CRLM modeling, orally administration with MNZ (1 g/L) 1 week before modeling, and disease activity index (DAI) evaluation. Fresh stool and anal swab samples were collected on the morning of the 28th day after modeling. The relative expression of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) DNA was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After euthanasia, tumor tissues and liver tissues were separated and the tumor volume and weight change were measured. The liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to quantitatively analyze the metastatic liver nodules. Malignant tumor biomarker Ki67 protein levels in liver tissues/DNA from stool samples were detected by immunohistochemistry/high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the raw sequence data to analyze microbial community richness (Chao1 index, ACE index) and microbial community diversity (Shannon index). RESULTS The DAI and F. nucleatum DNA relative expression in feces and anal swabs of the CRC and CRLM groups were raised and repressed after MNZ intervention. MNZ repressed tumor occurrence and growth in mice to a certain extent, alleviated CRLM malignant degree (reduced liver metastases and Ki67-positive cell density/number), and suppressed CRC liver metastasis by regulating intestinal flora structure, which affected the intestinal characteristic flora of CRC and CRLM mice. CONCLUSION MNZ suppressed CRC occurrence and CRLM in mice by regulating intestinal F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maijian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yong Li
- Department of OncologyGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Dengmei Gong
- Institute of Zoonoses, College of Public HealthZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jida Li
- Institute of Zoonoses, College of Public HealthZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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11
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Mukherjee S, Patra R, Behzadi P, Masotti A, Paolini A, Sarshar M. Toll-like receptor-guided therapeutic intervention of human cancers: molecular and immunological perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244345. [PMID: 37822929 PMCID: PMC10562563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or dying cells. The wide distribution of different cell types, ranging from epithelial to immune cells, highlights the crucial roles of TLRs in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation, TLRs binding mediates the expression of several adapter proteins and downstream kinases, that lead to the induction of several other signaling molecules such as key pro-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, extraordinary progress in immunobiological research has suggested that TLRs could represent promising targets for the therapeutic intervention of inflammation-associated diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections as well as human cancers. So far, for the prevention and possible treatment of inflammatory diseases, various TLR antagonists/inhibitors have shown to be efficacious at several stages from pre-clinical evaluation to clinical trials. Therefore, the fascinating role of TLRs in modulating the human immune responses at innate as well as adaptive levels directed the scientists to opt for these immune sensor proteins as suitable targets for developing chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics against cancer. Hitherto, several TLR-targeting small molecules (e.g., Pam3CSK4, Poly (I:C), Poly (A:U)), chemical compounds, phytocompounds (e.g., Curcumin), peptides, and antibodies have been found to confer protection against several types of cancers. However, administration of inappropriate doses of such TLR-modulating therapeutics or a wrong infusion administration is reported to induce detrimental outcomes. This review summarizes the current findings on the molecular and structural biology of TLRs and gives an overview of the potency and promises of TLR-directed therapeutic strategies against cancers by discussing the findings from established and pipeline discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwik Patra
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Dudun AA, Chesnokova DV, Voinova VV, Bonartsev AP, Bonartseva GA. Changes in the Gut Microbiota Composition during Implantation of Composite Scaffolds Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Alginate on the Large-Intestine Wall. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3649. [PMID: 37688275 PMCID: PMC10489921 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biopolymer scaffolds for intestine regeneration is one of the most actively developing areas in tissue engineering. However, intestinal regenerative processes after scaffold implantation depend on the activity of the intestinal microbial community that is in close symbiosis with intestinal epithelial cells. In this work, we study the impact of different scaffolds based on biocompatible poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and alginate (ALG) as well as PHB/ALG scaffolds seeded with probiotic bacteria on the composition of gut microbiota of Wistar rats. Implantation of PHB/ALG scaffolds on the large-intestine wall to close its injury showed that alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was not reduced in rats implanted with different PHB/ALG scaffolds except for the PHB/ALG scaffolds with the inclusion of Lactobacillus spheres (PHB/ALG-L). The composition of the gut microbiota of rats implanted with PHB/ALG scaffolds with probiotic bacteria or in simultaneous use of an antimicrobial agent (PHB/ALG-AB) differed significantly from other experimental groups. All rats with implanted scaffolds demonstrated shifts in the composition of the gut microbiota by individual operational taxonomic units. The PHB/ALG-AB construct led to increased abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria: Ileibacterium sp. dominated in rats with implanted PHB/ALG-L and Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. dominated in the control group. In addition, the PHB/ALG scaffolds had a favourable effect on the growth of commensal bacteria. Thus, the effect of implantation of the PHB/ALG scaffold compared to other scaffolds on the composition of the gut microbiota was closest to the control variant, which may demonstrate the biocompatibility of this device with the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Dudun
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dariana V. Chesnokova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Vera V. Voinova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Anton P. Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (A.P.B.)
| | - Garina A. Bonartseva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
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13
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Qian J, Zhang X, Wei B, Tang Z, Zhang B. The correlation between gut and intra-tumor microbiota and PDAC: Etiology, diagnostics and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188943. [PMID: 37355177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the lethal cancers in the world and its 5-year survival rate is <10%. Due to the unique TME and dense tissue structure, its curative efficacy is far from satisfactory,the immunotherapy is even more invalid. According to the recent studies, the gut and tumor microbiota have been proved to play a key role in the development, progression and prognosis of PDAC. Based on the differences of microbiome composition observed in PDAC patients and normal pancreas, many researches have been made focusing on the latent communication between gut and intra-tumor microbiota and PDAC. In this review, we will demonstrate the potential mechanism of the oncogenic effects of GM and IM and their crucial effects on modulating the TME. Besides, we focus on their interaction with chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs and inducing the drug resistance, thus enlightening the promising role to be used to monitor the occurrence of PDAC, accurately modulate the immune environment to promote the therapeutic efficacy and predict the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Qian
- The Fourth affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Fourth affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Butian Wei
- The Fourth affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- The Fourth affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Second affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 31000, China.
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14
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Patra R, Dey AK, Mukherjee S. Identification of genes critical for inducing ulcerative colitis and exploring their tumorigenic potential in human colorectal carcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289064. [PMID: 37535606 PMCID: PMC10399749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease leading to continuous mucosal inflammation in the rectum extending proximally towards the colon. Chronic and/or recurrent UC is one of the critical predisposing mediators of the oncogenesis of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Perturbations of the differential expression of the UC-critical genes exert an intense impact on the neoplastic transformation of the affected tissue(s). Herein, a comprehensive exploration of the UC-critical genes from the transcriptomic profiles of UC patients was conducted to study the differential expression, functional enrichment, genomic alterations, signal transduction pathways, and immune infiltration level encountered by these genes concerning the oncogenesis of CRC. The study reveals that WFDC2, TTLL12, THRA, and EPHB3 play crucial roles as UC-CRC critical genes and are positively correlated with the molecular transformation of UC to CRC. Taken together, these genes can be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for combating UC-induced human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Patra
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dey
- Biomedical Research Centre, Translational Geroproteomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
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15
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Zaidi S, Ali K, Khan AU. It's all relative: analyzing microbiome compositions, its significance, pathogenesis and microbiota derived biofilms: Challenges and opportunities for disease intervention. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:257. [PMID: 37280443 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concept of microorganisms has largely been perceived from their pathogenic view point. Nevertheless, it is being gradually revisited in terms of its significance to human health and now appears to be the most dominant force that shapes the immune system of the human body and also determines an individual's predisposition to diseases. Human inhabits bacterial diversity (which is predominant among all microbial communities in human body) occupying 0.3% of body mass, known as microbiota. On birth, a part of microbiota that child obtains is essentially a mother's legacy. So, the review was initiated with this critical topic of microbiotal inheritance. Since, each body site has distinct physiological specifications; therefore, they contain discrete microbiome composition that has been separately discussed along with dysbiosis-induced pathologies originating in different body organs. Factors affecting microbiome composition and may cause dysbiosis like antibiotics, delivery, feeding method etc. as well as the strategies that immune system adopts to prevent dysbiosis have been highlighted. We also tried to bring into attention the topic of dysbiosis induced biofilms, that enables cohort to survive stresses, evolve, disseminate and infection resurgence that is still in dormancy. Eventually, we put spotlight on microbiome significance in medical therapeutics. We didn't merely confine article to gut microbiota, that is being studied more extensively. Numerous community forms at diverse body sites are inter-related, and being exposed to awfully variable perturbations appear to be challenging to evaluate perturbation risks holistically. All aspects have been elaborately discussed to achieve a global depiction of human microbiota in order to meet urgent necessity for protocol standardisation. Demonstrates that environmental challenges (antibiotic use, alterations in diet, stress, smoking etc.) might cause dysbiosis i.e. transition of healthy microbiome composition to the one in which pathogenic microorganisms become more abundant, and eventually results in an infected state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Zaidi
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Khursheed Ali
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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16
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Yan J, Kothur K, Mohammad S, Chung J, Patel S, Jones HF, Keating BA, Han VX, Webster R, Ardern-Holmes S, Antony J, Menezes MP, Tantsis E, Gill D, Gupta S, Kandula T, Sampaio H, Farrar MA, Troedson C, Andrews PI, Pillai SC, Heng B, Guillemin GJ, Guller A, Bandodkar S, Dale RC. CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio are biomarkers of active neuroinflammation. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104589. [PMID: 37119734 PMCID: PMC10165192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining the presence of acute and chronic brain inflammation remains a challenge to clinicians due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and aetiologies. However, defining the presence of neuroinflammation, and monitoring the effects of therapy is important given its reversible and potentially damaging nature. We investigated the utility of CSF metabolites in the diagnosis of primary neuroinflammatory disorders such as encephalitis and explored the potential pathogenic role of inflammation in epilepsy. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from 341 paediatric patients (169 males, median age 5.8 years, range 0.1-17.1) were examined. The patients were separated into a primary inflammatory disorder group (n = 90) and epilepsy group (n = 80), who were compared with three control groups including neurogenetic and structural (n = 76), neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric and functional neurological disorders (n = 63), and headache (n = 32). FINDINGS There were statistically significant increases of CSF neopterin, kynurenine, quinolinic acid and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KYN/TRP) in the inflammation group compared to all control groups (all p < 0.0003). As biomarkers, at thresholds with 95% specificity, CSF neopterin had the best sensitivity for defining neuroinflammation (82%, CI 73-89), then quinolinic acid (57%, CI 47-67), KYN/TRP ratio (47%, CI 36-56) and kynurenine (37%, CI 28-48). CSF pleocytosis had sensitivity of 53%, CI 42-64). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of CSF neopterin (94.4% CI 91.0-97.7%) was superior to that of CSF pleocytosis (84.9% CI 79.5-90.4%) (p = 0.005). CSF kynurenic acid/kynurenine ratio (KYNA/KYN) was statistically decreased in the epilepsy group compared to all control groups (all p ≤ 0.0003), which was evident in most epilepsy subgroups. INTERPRETATION Here we show that CSF neopterin, kynurenine, quinolinic acid and KYN/TRP are useful diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers of neuroinflammation. These findings provide biological insights into the role of inflammatory metabolism in neurological disorders and provide diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for improved management of neurological diseases. FUNDING Financial support for the study was granted by Dale NHMRC Investigator grant APP1193648, University of Sydney, Petre Foundation, Cerebral Palsy Alliance and Department of Biochemistry at the Children's Hospital at Westmead. Prof Guillemin is funded by NHMRC Investigator grant APP 1176660 and Macquarie University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yan
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kavitha Kothur
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Shekeeb Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Starship Hospital, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brooke A Keating
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Velda X Han
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Webster
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Ardern-Holmes
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayne Antony
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Manoj P Menezes
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Esther Tantsis
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Deepak Gill
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sachin Gupta
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tejaswi Kandula
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugo Sampaio
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle A Farrar
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Troedson
- Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - P Ian Andrews
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sekhar C Pillai
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- Computational NeuroSurgery Lab, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sushil Bandodkar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical School, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Chakraborty P, Aravindhan V, Mukherjee S. Helminth-derived biomacromolecules as therapeutic agents for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases: What lessons do we get from recent findings? Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124649. [PMID: 37119907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress in healthcare sectors, a number of life-threatening infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases are continuously challenging mankind throughout the globe. In this context, recent successes in utilizing helminth parasite-derived bioactive macromolecules viz. glycoproteins, enzymes, polysaccharides, lipids/lipoproteins, nucleic acids/nucleotides, and small organic molecules for treating various disorders primarily resulted from inflammation. Among the several parasites that infect humans, helminths (cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes) are known as efficient immune manipulators owing to their explicit ability to modulate and modify the innate and adaptive immune responses of humans. These molecules selectively bind to immune receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells and trigger multiple signaling pathways to elicit anti-inflammatory cytokines, expansion of alternatively activated macrophages, T-helper 2, and immunoregulatory T regulatory cell types to induce an anti-inflammatory milieu. Reduction of pro-inflammatory responses and repair of tissue damage by these anti-inflammatory mediators have been exploited for treating a number of autoimmune, allergic, and metabolic diseases. Herein, the potential and promises of different helminths/helminth-derived products as therapeutic agents in ameliorating immunopathology of different human diseases and their mechanistic insights of function at cell and molecular level alongside the molecular signaling cross-talks have been reviewed by incorporating up-to-date findings achieved in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chakraborty
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, India
| | | | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, India.
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Cell Surface Fibroblast Activation Protein-2 (Fap2) of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a Vaccine Candidate for Therapeutic Intervention of Human Colorectal Cancer: An Immunoinformatics Approach. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030525. [PMID: 36992108 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and is the second-highest in cancer-related deaths worldwide. The changes in gut homeostasis and microbial dysbiosis lead to the initiation of the tumorigenesis process. Several pathogenic gram-negative bacteria including Fusobacterium nucleatum are the principal contributors to the induction and pathogenesis of CRC. Thus, inhibiting the growth and survival of these pathogens can be a useful intervention strategy. Fibroblast activation protein-2 (Fap2) is an essential membrane protein of F. nucleatum that promotes the adherence of the bacterium to the colon cells, recruitment of immune cells, and induction of tumorigenesis. The present study depicts the design of an in silico vaccine candidate comprising the B-cell and T-cell epitopes of Fap2 for improving cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against CRC. Notably, this vaccine participates in significant protein–protein interactions with human Toll-like receptors, especially with TLR6 reveals, which is most likely to be correlated with its efficacy in eliciting potential immune responses. The immunogenic trait of the designed vaccine was verified by immune simulation approach. The cDNA of the vaccine construct was cloned in silico within the expression vector pET30ax for protein expression. Collectively, the proposed vaccine construct may serve as a promising therapeutic in intervening F. nucleatum-induced human CRC.
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19
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Effects of probiotics on hypertension. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1107-1117. [PMID: 36646911 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data have suggested that probiotics had good potential in regulating intestinal flora and preventing hypertension. Some studies in human and animal models have demonstrated probiotic intervention could attenuate hypertension, regulate intestinal flora to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and regulate intestinal microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and polyphenols. However, there is still some debate as to whether probiotics exert effective benefits. These recently published reviews did not systematically expound on the heterogeneity between the effect and mechanism of probiotics with different types, doses, and carriers to exert antihypertensive effects, as well as the possible application of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in food and clinic. Here we try to systematically review the association between hypertension and intestinal microflora, the effect of probiotics and their metabolites on hypertension, and the recent research progress on the specific mechanism of probiotics on hypertension. In addition, we also summarized the potential application of probiotics in antihypertension. Future challenges include elucidating the functions of metabolites produced by microorganisms and their downstream pathway or molecules, identifying specific strains, not just microbial communities, and developing therapeutic interventions that target hypertension by modulation of gut microbes and metabolites.
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20
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Elkjaer ML, Simon L, Frisch T, Bente LM, Kacprowski T, Thomassen M, Reynolds R, Baumbach J, Röttger R, Illes Z. Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1043579. [PMID: 36532064 PMCID: PMC9756883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents have been long considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases as part of the interaction between genetic susceptibility and the environment. The role of bacteria in CNS autoimmunity has also been highlighted by changes in the diversity of gut microbiota in patients with neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the role of the gut-brain axis. We discuss the hypothesis of a brain microbiota, the BrainBiota: bacteria living in symbiosis with brain cells. Existence of various bacteria in the human brain is suggested by morphological evidence, presence of bacterial proteins, metabolites, transcripts and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Based on our data, we discuss the hypothesis that these bacteria are an integral part of brain development and immune tolerance as well as directly linked to the gut microbiome. We further suggest that changes of the BrainBiota during brain diseases may be the consequence or cause of the chronic inflammation similarly to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Elkjaer
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark,BRIDGE, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,*Correspondence: Maria L. Elkjaer, ; Zsolt Illes,
| | - Lukas Simon
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tobias Frisch
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lisa-Marie Bente
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunchweig, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunchweig, Germany
| | - Mads Thomassen
- BRIDGE, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Research Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom,Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Röttger
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark,BRIDGE, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,*Correspondence: Maria L. Elkjaer, ; Zsolt Illes,
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21
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Miller AW, Penniston KL, Fitzpatrick K, Agudelo J, Tasian G, Lange D. Mechanisms of the intestinal and urinary microbiome in kidney stone disease. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:695-707. [PMID: 36127409 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease affects ~10% of the global population and the incidence continues to rise owing to the associated global increase in the incidence of medical conditions associated with kidney stone disease including, for example, those comprising the metabolic syndrome. Considering that the intestinal microbiome has a substantial influence on host metabolism, that evidence has suggested that the intestinal microbiome might have a role in maintaining oxalate homeostasis and kidney stone disease is unsurprising. In addition, the discovery that urine is not sterile but, like other sites of the human body, harbours commensal bacterial species that collectively form a urinary microbiome, is an additional factor that might influence the induction of crystal formation and stone growth directly in the kidney. Collectively, the microbiomes of the host could influence kidney stone disease at multiple levels, including intestinal oxalate absorption and direct crystal formation in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Miller
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristina L Penniston
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kate Fitzpatrick
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José Agudelo
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Tasian
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dirk Lange
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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22
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Song S, Jeong A, Lim J, Kim B, Park D, Oh S. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
L67
probiotics vs paraprobiotics for reducing pro‐inflammatory responses in colitis mice. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Song
- Department of Animal Science Jeonbuk National University 587 Baekje‐Daero, Deojin‐Gu Jeonju‐Si Jellabuk‐Do 54896 South Korea
- Agricultural Convergence Technology Jeonbuk National University 587 Baekje‐Daero, Deojin‐Gu Jeonju‐Si Jellabuk‐Do 54896 South Korea
| | - Anna Jeong
- Division of Animal Science Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐Ro, Buk‐Gu Gwang‐Ju 61186 South Korea
| | - Jina Lim
- Division of Animal Science Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐Ro, Buk‐Gu Gwang‐Ju 61186 South Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Environment Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics National Institute of Animal Science 1500 Kongjwipatjwi‐ro Jellabuk‐do 55365 South Korea
| | - Bum‐Keun Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute 245, Nongsaengmyeong‐ro Jeollabuk‐do 55365 South Korea
| | - Dong‐June Park
- Korea Food Research Institute 245, Nongsaengmyeong‐ro Jeollabuk‐do 55365 South Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Division of Animal Science Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐Ro, Buk‐Gu Gwang‐Ju 61186 South Korea
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23
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Crosstalk between the Intestinal Virome and Other Components of the Microbiota, and Its Effect on Intestinal Mucosal Response and Diseases. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7883945. [PMID: 36203793 PMCID: PMC9532165 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7883945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been ample evidence illustrating the effect of microbiota on gut immunity, homeostasis, and disease. Most of these studies have engaged more efforts in understanding the role of the bacteriome in gut mucosal immunity and disease. However, studies on the virome and its influence on gut mucosal immunity and pathology are still at infancy owing to limited metagenomic tools. Nonetheless, the existing studies on the virome have largely been focused on the bacteriophages as these represent the main component of the virome with little information on endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and eukaryotic viruses. In this review, we describe the gut virome, and its role in gut mucosal response and disease progression. We also explore the crosstalk between the virome and other microorganisms in the gut mucosa and elaborate on how these interactions shape the gut mucosal immunity going from bacteriophages through ERVs to eukaryotic viruses. Finally, we elucidate the potential contribution of this crosstalk in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer.
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24
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Li T, Lu M, Xu B, Chen H, Li J, Zhu Z, Yu M, Zheng J, Peng P, Wu S. Multiple perspectives reveal the gut toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on Eisenia fetida: Insights into community signatures of gut bacteria and their translocation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156352. [PMID: 35654182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut is the primary pathway by which soil animals are exposed to microplastics (MPs). However, the gut toxicity of MPs has not been elucidated in earthworms. Herein, we aimed to study the gut toxicity (e.g., gut barrier dysfunction, gut bacterial translocation, and pathogen invasion) of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on Eisenia fetida and its relationship with gut bacteria. We found that PS-MPs exposure caused gut barrier damage to Eisenia fetida. This damage included apparent injury of gut epithelial cells and significantly lower transcription levels of genes coding for gut tight junction (TJ)-related proteins. We then observed significantly increased levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gut bacterial load, indicating the occurrence of gut bacterial translocation and related barrier damage. Subsequently, antibacterial immune responses were activated and accompanied by a failure of the antioxidant defense system, indicating that pathogen invasion might occur. Gut barrier damage could weaken host selective pressures (deterministic process) on gut bacteria, such as particular pathogens. Indeed, members of Proteobacteria, e.g., Aeromonas and Escherichia/Shigella, regarded as potential opportunistic pathogens, were remarkable signatures of groups exposed to PS-MPs. These potential opportunistic gut bacteria were pivotal contributors to gut TJ damage and gut bacterial translocation resulting from PS-MPs exposure. In addition, the gut bacterial networks of PS-MPs exposure groups were more uncomplicated than those of the control group, but more negative interactions were easy to observe. In conclusion, our work sheds light on the molecular mechanism of earthworm gut toxicity caused by PS-MPs exposure and provides a prospective risk assessment of MPs in soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengtian Lu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengwei Yu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiaoyang Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Peilong Peng
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shijin Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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25
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Zhang X, Song M, Lv P, Hao G, Sun S. Effects of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal environment and gut microbiome under Salmonella infection. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102077. [PMID: 36067578 PMCID: PMC9468503 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis causes massive economic losses globally every year. Especially in poultry, numerous drug-resistant bacteria have emerged; thus, it is imperative to find alternatives to antibiotics. As a probiotic, Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) provides the latest strategy for inhibiting the proliferation of Salmonella. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of C. butyricum on intestinal environment and gut microbiome under Salmonella infection. In this study, we modeled the infection of Salmonella using specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and found that the use of C. butyricum directly reduced the number of Salmonella colonizations in the spleen and liver. It also alleviated the histopathological changes of the liver, spleen, and cecum caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis). In addition, S. Enteritidis increased the expression of pro-inflammatory IL-6 in the cecum on day 6 postinfection. Interestingly, we found that C. butyricum changed PPAR-γ transcript levels in the cecum on day 6 postinfection. Analysis of the chick gastrointestinal microbiome showed that Salmonella infection increased the relative abundance of Subdoligranulum variabile. Further analysis found that Salmonella challenge significantly reduced the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and C. butyricum increased the relative abundance of anaerobic bacteria in the gut on day 6 postinfection. Moreover, early supplementation of C. butyricum restored the epithelial hypoxia in S. Enteritidis infection in chicks. The results suggest that C. butyricum restores epithelial hypoxia caused by S. Enteritidis, improves the stability of intestinal flora, and inhibits the proliferation of Salmonella.
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26
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Kwarteng A, Wireko S, Asiedu SO, Kini P, Aglomasa BC, Amewu EKA, Asiedu E, Boahen KG, Amato KR, Obiri-Yeboah D. Shift in the skin microbiome among individuals presenting with filarial lymphedema compared to non-filarial healthy individuals in Ghana. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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27
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Sun L, Guo L, Xu G, Li Z, Appiah MO, Yang L, Lu W. Quercetin Reduces Inflammation and Protects Gut Microbiota in Broilers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103269. [PMID: 35630745 PMCID: PMC9147699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on inflammatory response and intestinal microflora in broiler chicken jejuna. A total of 120 broiler chickens were allocated into 3 groups: saline-challenged broilers fed a basal diet (CTR group), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers fed a basal diet (L group) and LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg quercetin (LQ group). Our results showed that LPS significantly increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-γ, toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, Bax, Caspase-3 and diamine oxidase activity (DAO), and decreased expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin and Bcl-2 in the jejunum, while dietary quercetin prevented the adverse effects of LPS injection. LPS injection significantly decreased the number of Actinobacteria, Armatimonadetes and Fibrobacteriae at the phylum level when compared to the CTR group. Additionally, at genus level, compared with the CTR group, the abundance of Halomonas, Micromonospora, Nitriliruptor, Peptococcus, Rubellimicrobium, Rubrobacter and Slaclda in L group was significantly decreased, while dietary quercetin restored the numbers of these bacteria. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that dietary quercetin could alleviate inflammatory responses of broiler chickens accompanied by modulating jejunum microflora.
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28
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Jiang Y, Bao C, Zhao X, Chen Y, Song Y, Xiao Z. Intestinal bacteria flora changes in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with or without wheezing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5683. [PMID: 35383237 PMCID: PMC8981890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Furthermore, many children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) have recurrent wheezing and reduced small airway function after their clinical symptoms have resolved, eventually leading to asthma. MPP can trigger immune disorders and systemic inflammatory responses. Hence, the intestine is the largest immune organ of the body. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether the alteration of intestinal flora is correlated with the development of wheezing in children with MPP. We collected 30 healthy children as group A, 50 children with nonwheezing MPP as group B, and 50 children with wheezing MPP as group C. We found that the percentage of eosinophil cells (EC) was significantly higher in group C than that in group B for routine blood tests and serum inflammatory factors. The serum cytokines, including IL-4, IL-17, TNF-α, and TGF-β, were significantly higher in group C than in group B. In addition, the level of IL-10 was significantly lower in group C than in group B. The distribution characteristics of intestinal flora strains in children with MPP were detected by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. There were differences in the abundance of intestinal flora between children with MPP and healthy children, with lower abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium in the intestine of children with MPP compared to healthy children. The abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Clostridium butyricum was significantly lower in the intestine of children with wheezing MPP compared to children without wheezing MPP. In the correlation analysis between children with MPP and inflammatory factors, Ruminococcus flavefaciens was found to be negatively correlated with IL-17. Clostridium butyricum was negatively correlated with L-4, IL-17, TNF-α, and TGF-β; however, it positively correlated with IL-10. Thus, it was concluded that alterations in intestinal flora play a crucial role in the immune response to MPP, where a significant decline in intestinal Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Clostridium butyricum leads to an exacerbation of the inflammatory responses, which may promote the development of children with wheezing MPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chunxiu Bao
- Department of Paediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiliu Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Paediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Department of Paediatrics, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Xu P, Lv T, Dong S, Cui Z, Luo X, Jia B, Jeon CO, Zhang J. Association between intestinal microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease: insights from bibliometric analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1716-1725. [PMID: 35495114 PMCID: PMC9019919 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota has been increasingly studied in the field of IBD over the last 20 years. The gut microbiome, metabolites, and their corresponding host signaling pathways are highly associated with IBD. Probiotics may relieve IBD as a complementary therapy. The pathogenesis and treatment strategies of IBD need to be further studied.
The gut microbiome is highly linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A total of 3890 publications related to the two terms from 2000 to 2020 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection to study the association from a bibliometric perspective. Publications on this topic have grown rapidly since 2008. The United States and Harvard University are the country and institution with the largest number of publications, respectively. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases is the most productive journal with 211 published articles. The most influential journal in this field is Gut with 13,359 citations. The co-citation analysis of references showed that the IBD-related topics with the highest focus are “gut microbiota,” “metagenomics,” “bacterial community,” “fecal microbiota transplantation,” “probiotics,” and “colitis-associated colorectal cancer.” Keyword cluster and keyword burst analyses showed that “gut microbiota,” “metagenomics,” and “fecal microbiota transplantation” are currently the most researched topics in the field of IBD. The literature in this field is mainly distributed between alterations of the intestinal microbiota, microbial metabolites, and related host signaling pathways. Probiotic treatment also frequently appears in literature. This bibliometric analysis can guide future research and promote the development of the field of gut microbiome and IBD.
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Abu Hafsa SH, Mahmoud AEM, Fayed AMA, Abdel-Azeem AAS. The Effect of Exogenous Lysozyme Supplementation on Growth Performance, Caecal Fermentation and Microbiota, and Blood Constituents in Growing Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070899. [PMID: 35405887 PMCID: PMC8996916 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exogenous lysozyme supplementation (LYZ) on growth performance, caecal fermentation and microbiota, and blood characteristics were investigated in growing rabbits. A total of 420 growing male V-Line rabbits (30 d old; weighing 528 ± 16 g) were randomly divided into four groups of 105 rabbits each, and monitored for 42 days. Experimental groups included a control group (LYZ0) fed a basal diet without LYZ supplementation, and three treated groups fed the same basal diet supplemented with LYZ at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg diet, respectively. The results showed a quadratic improvement in the final body weight, daily growth rate, FCR, and digestibility of DM, while the digestibility of OM, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF improved linearly when LYZ supplementation was increased. The dressing percentage increased quadratically when LYZ levels were increased in the rabbit diets. In rabbits fed LYZ diets, L. acidophilus counts increased linearly (p < 0.05) and L. cellobiosus, and Enterococcus sp. counts increased quadratically, whereas E. coli counts decreased. In the LYZ-supplemented groups, the caecal pH value and NH3-N concentration declined quadratically, whereas total VFA, acetic, and butyric acids increased. Total lipids decreased linearly, whilst triglycerides and cholesterol decreased quadratically with LYZ supplementation. Total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase increased quadratically, while malondialdehyde decreased linearly in the LYZ-supplemented groups. In conclusion, exogenous lysozyme administration improved rabbit growth performance and antioxidant status while lowering the blood lipid profile, altering the bacterial population, and regulating caecal fermentation. Therefore, LYZ up to 150 mg/kg can be used as a potential supplement in rabbit feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma H. Abu Hafsa
- Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-0031-3649; Fax: +20-34-593-423
| | - Amr E. M. Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Amal M. A. Fayed
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
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31
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Chen HQ, Gong JY, Xing K, Liu MZ, Ren H, Luo JQ. Pharmacomicrobiomics: Exploiting the Drug-Microbiota Interactions in Antihypertensive Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:742394. [PMID: 35127738 PMCID: PMC8808336 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.742394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and can reduce life expectancy. Owing to the widespread use of antihypertensive drugs, patients with hypertension have improved blood pressure control over the past few decades. However, for a considerable part of the population, these drugs still cannot significantly improve their symptoms. In order to explore the reasons behind, pharmacomicrobiomics provide unique insights into the drug treatment of hypertension by investigating the effect of bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and antihypertensive drugs. This review discusses the relationship between antihypertensive drugs and the gut microbiome, including changes in drug pharmacokinetics and gut microbiota composition. In addition, we highlight how our current knowledge of antihypertensive drug-microbiota interactions to develop gut microbiota-based personalized ways for disease management, including antihypertensive response biomarker, microbial-targeted therapies, probiotics therapy. Ultimately, a better understanding of the impact of pharmacomicrobiomics in the treatment of hypertension will provide important information for guiding rational clinical use and individualized use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Yu Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mou-Ze Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Ren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Quan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Quan Luo
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Naing C, Wong ST, Aung HH. Toll-like receptor 9 and 4 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility and severity of malaria: a meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Malar J 2021; 20:302. [PMID: 34217314 PMCID: PMC8255014 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is still a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia. The clinical presentations of malaria infection vary from a mild febrile illness to life-threatening severe malaria. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are postulated to be involved in the innate immune responses to malaria. Individual studies showed inconclusive findings. This study aimed to assess the role of TLR4 (D299G, T399I) and TLR9 (T1237C, T1486C) in severity or susceptibility of malaria by meta-analysis of data from eligible studies. METHODS Relevant case-control studies that assessed the association between TLR 4/9 and malaria either in susceptibility or progression were searched in health-related electronic databases. Quality of included studies was evaluated with Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Pooled analyses for specific genetic polymorphisms were done under five genetic models. Stratified analysis was done by age and geographical region (Asian countries vs non-Asian countries). RESULTS Eleven studies (2716 cases and 2376 controls) from nine endemic countries were identified. Five studies (45.4%) obtained high score in quality assessment. Overall, a significant association between TLR9 (T1486C) and severity of malaria is observed in allele model (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.48, I2 = 0%) or homozygous model (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08-2.28, I2 = 0%). For TLR9 (T1237C), a significant association with severity of malaria is observed in in heterozygous model (OR:1.89, 95% CI: 1.11-3.22, I2 = 75%). On stratifications, TLR9 (T1486C) is only significantly associated with a subgroup of children of non-Asian countries under allele model (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.38), while 1237 is with a subgroup of adults from Asian countries under heterozygous model (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.09-3.64, I2 = 39%). Regarding the susceptibility to malaria, TLR9 (T1237C) is significantly associated only with the children group under recessive model (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.06-4.57, I2=85%) and homozygous model (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09-2.0, I2 = 0%). For TLR4 (D299G, T399I), none is significantly associated with either severity of malaria or susceptibility to malaria under any genetic models. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that TLR 9 (T1486C and T1237C) seems to influence the progression of malaria, under certain genetic models and in specific age group of people from specific geographical region. TLR 9 (T1237C) also plays a role in susceptibility to malaria under certain genetic models and only with children of non-Asian countries. To substantiate these, future well designed studies with larger samples across endemic countries are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 5700, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Tropical Heath and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Siew Tung Wong
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Htar Htar Aung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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33
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Anselmi G, Gagliardi L, Egidi G, Leone S, Gasbarrini A, Miggiano GAD, Galiuto L. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Critical Review. Cardiol Rev 2021; 29:195-204. [PMID: 32639240 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human intestine contains the largest and most diverse ecosystem of microbes. The main function of the intestinal bacterial flora is to limit the growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. However, the intestinal microbiota is increasingly emerging as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, bile acids, and polyphenols play a pivotal role in maintaining healthy cardiovascular function, and when dysregulated, can potentially lead to CVD. In particular, changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, have been associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms remain yet to be fully understood. Therefore, the microbiota and its metabolites have become a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In addition to a varied and balanced diet, the use of prebiotic and probiotic treatments or selective trimethylamine-N-oxide inhibitors could play a pivotal role in the prevention of CVD, especially in patients with a high metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Anselmi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Egidi
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Leone
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonarda Galiuto
- From the UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Ciaravolo S, Martínez-López LM, Allcock RJN, Woodward AP, Mansfield C. Longitudinal Survey of Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Dogs Administered a Commercial Probiotic. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:664318. [PMID: 34235200 PMCID: PMC8255976 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.664318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal microbiome study was to investigate the effects of a commercially available veterinary synbiotic product (Blackmore's® Paw DigestiCare 60™) on the fecal microbiome of healthy dogs using 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling. Fifteen healthy, privately-owned dogs participated in a 2-week trial administration of the product. Fecal samples were collected at different time points, including baseline (prior to treatment), during administration and after discontinuation of product. Large intra- and inter-individual variation was observed throughout the study, but microbiome composition at higher phylogenetic levels, alpha and beta diversity were not significantly altered after 2 weeks of probiotic administration, suggesting an absence of probiotic impact on microbial diversity. Administration of the synbiotic preparation did, however, result in transient increases in probiotic species from Enterococacceae and Streptococacceae families as well as an increase in Fusobacteria; with the fecal microbiota partially reverting to its baseline state 3-weeks after cessation of probiotic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ciaravolo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia.,Peninsula Vet, Emergency and Referral Hospital, Mornington, VIC, Australia
| | - Lina María Martínez-López
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J N Allcock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew P Woodward
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline Mansfield
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
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35
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Niina A, Kibe R, Suzuki R, Yuchi Y, Teshima T, Matsumoto H, Kataoka Y, Koyama H. Fecal microbiota transplantation as a new treatment for canine inflammatory bowel disease. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 40:98-104. [PMID: 33996366 PMCID: PMC8099633 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In human medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. It has also been tested as a treatment for multiple gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, only a few studies have focused on the changes in the microbiome following FMT for canine IBD. Here, we performed FMT in nine dogs with IBD using the fecal matter of healthy dogs and investigated the subsequent changes in the fecal microbiome and clinical signs. In three dogs, the fecal microbiome was examined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Fusobacteria were observed at a low proportion in dogs with IBD. However, the post-FMT microbiome became diverse and showed a significant increase in Fusobacteria proportion. Fusobacterium was detected in the nine dogs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The proportion of Fusobacterium in the post-FMT fecal microbiome was significantly increased (p<0.05). The changes in clinical signs (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss) were evaluated according to the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index. The score of this index significantly decreased in all dogs (p<0.05) with improvements in clinical signs. These improvements were related to the changes in the proportion of microbes, particularly the increase in Fusobacterium. The dogs with IBD showed a lower proportion of Fusobacterium than healthy dogs. This suggests that a low proportion of Fusobacterium is a characteristic feature of canine IBD and that Fusobacterium is involved in this disease. The results of this study may help elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease and its association with Fusobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Niina
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kibe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Yuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takahiro Teshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kataoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Koyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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36
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Zhu F, Li C, Chu F, Tian X, Zhu J. Target Dysbiosis of Gut Microbes as a Future Therapeutic Manipulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:544235. [PMID: 33132894 PMCID: PMC7572848 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.544235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is commonly an age-associated dementia with neurodegeneration. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and still remains unclear. The inflammation, amyloid β (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles as well misfolded tau protein in the brain may contribute to the occurrence and development of AD. Compared with tau protein, Aβ is less toxic. So far, all efforts made in the treatments of AD with targeting these pathogenic factors were unsuccessful over the past decades. Recently, many studies demonstrated that changes of the intestinal environment and gut microbiota via gut–brain axis pathway can cause neurological disorders, such as AD, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, remodeling the gut microbiota by various ways to maintain their balance might be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD. In the review article, we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in AD and its animal models and investigated the possibility of targeting the gut microbiota in the treatment of the patients with AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengna Chu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoping Tian
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Li Y, Yang S, Lun J, Gao J, Gao X, Gong Z, Wan Y, He X, Cao H. Inhibitory Effects of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Effector Protein HM0539 on Inflammatory Response Through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB Axis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551449. [PMID: 33123130 PMCID: PMC7573360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammatory condition with no effective treatment. Probiotics have gained wide attention because of their outstanding advantages in intestinal health issues. In previous studies, a novel soluble protein, HM0539, which is derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), showed significant protective effects against murine colitis, but no clear precise mechanism for this effect was provided. In this study, we hypothesized that the protective function of HM0539 might be derived from its modulation of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB axis signaling pathway, which is a critical pathway widely involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses. To test this hypothesis, the underlying anti-inflammatory effects and associated mechanisms of HM0539 were determined both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. Our results showed that HM0539 inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the expression inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by down-regulating the activation of their respective promoter, and as a result this inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). Meanwhile, we demonstrated that HM0539 could ultimately modulate the activation of distal NF-κB by reducing the activation of TLR4 and suppressing the transduction of MyD88. However, even though the overexpression of TLR4 or MyD88 obviously reversed the effect of HM0539 on LPS-induced inflammation, HM0539 still retained some anti-inflammatory activity. Consistent with the in vitro findings, we found that HM0539 inhibited to a great extent the production of inflammatory mediators associated with the suppression of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB axis activation in colon tissue. In conclusion, HM0539 was shown to be a promising anti-inflammatory agent, at least in part through its down-regulation of the TLR4-MyD88 axis as well as of the downstream MyD88-dependent activated NF-κB signaling, and hence might be considered as a potential therapeutic option for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Lun
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Chen L, Ishigami T, Doi H, Arakawa K, Tamura K. Gut microbiota and atherosclerosis: role of B cell for atherosclerosis focusing on the gut-immune-B2 cell axis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1235-1244. [PMID: 32737524 PMCID: PMC7447622 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity worldwide and is described as a complex disease involving several different cell types and their molecular products. Recent studies have revealed that atherosclerosis arises from a systemic inflammatory process, including the accumulation and activities of various immune cells. However, the immune system is a complicated network made up of many cell types, hundreds of bioactive cytokines, and millions of different antigens, making it challenging to readily define the associated mechanism of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, we previously reported a potential persistent inflammatory process underlying atherosclerosis development, centered on a pathological humoral immune response between commensal microbes and activated subpopulations of substantial B cells in the vicinity of the arterial adventitia. Accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of gut microbiota in atherosclerosis development. Commensal microbiota are considered important regulators of immunity and metabolism and also to be possible antigenic sources for atherosclerosis development. However, the interplay between gut microbiota and metabolism with regard to the modulation of atherosclerosis-associated immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we review the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence atherogenesis, with particular focus on humoral immunity and B cells, especially the gut-immune-B2 cell axis. Under high-fat and high-calorie conditions, signals driven by the intestinal microbiota via the TLR signaling pathway cause B2 cells in the spleen to become functionally active and activated B2 cells then modify responses such as antibody production (generation of active antibodies IgG and IgG3), thereby contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, intestinal microbiota also resulted in recruitment and ectopic activation of B2 cells via the TLR signaling pathway in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), and, subsequently, an increase in circulating IgG and IgG3 led to the enhanced disease development. This is a potential link between microbiota alterations and B cells in the context of atherosclerosis. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-Renal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Long Mian Avenue 109 Jiangning, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-Renal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-Renal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Arakawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-Renal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardio-Renal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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39
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Engineering the gut microbiota to treat chronic diseases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7657-7671. [PMID: 32696297 PMCID: PMC7484268 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbes play vital roles in host health and disease. A number of commensal bacteria have been used as vectors for genetic engineering to create living therapeutics. This review highlights recent advances in engineering gut bacteria for the treatment of chronic diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, and autoimmune disorders. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial homing to tumors has been exploited to deliver therapeutics in mice models. • Engineered bacteria show promise in mouse models of metabolic diseases. • Few engineered bacterial treatments have advanced to clinical studies.
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40
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Wei X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Koci M, Si D, Ahmad B, Cheng J, Wang J, Aihemaiti M, Zhang M. A Novel Cecropin-LL37 Hybrid Peptide Protects Mice Against EHEC Infection-Mediated Changes in Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Inflammation, and Impairment of Mucosal Barrier Functions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1361. [PMID: 32695115 PMCID: PMC7338479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation can cause impaired epithelial barrier function and disrupt immune homeostasis, which increases the risks of developing many highly fatal diseases. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 causes intestinal infections worldwide and is a major pathogen that induces intestinal inflammation. Various antibacterial peptides have been described as having the potential to suppress and treat pathogen-induced intestinal inflammation. Cecropin A (1–8)-LL37 (17–30) (C-L), a novel hybrid peptide designed in our laboratory that combines the active center of C with the core functional region of L, shows superior antibacterial properties and minimized cytotoxicity compared to its parental peptides. Herein, to examine whether C-L could inhibit pathogen-induced intestinal inflammation, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of C-L in EHEC O157:H7-infected mice. C-L treatment improved the microbiota composition and microbial community balance in mouse intestines. The hybrid peptide exhibited improved anti-inflammatory effects than did the antibiotic, enrofloxacin. Hybrid peptide treated infected mice demonstrated reduced clinical signs of inflammation, reduced weight loss, reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)], reduced apoptosis, and reduced markers of jejunal epithelial barrier function. The peptide also affected the MyD88–nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, thereby modulating inflammatory responses upon EHEC stimulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that the novel hybrid peptide C-L could be developed into a new anti-inflammatory agent for use in animals or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubiao Wei
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew Koci
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dayong Si
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Cheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Maierhaba Aihemaiti
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Gut microbiota and pro/prebiotics in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5539-5550. [PMID: 32191919 PMCID: PMC7138569 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid and dysfunctional tau protein in the brain along with the final development of dementia. Accumulation of amyloid in the brain was observed 10-20 years before the onset of clinical symptoms by diagnostic methods based on image analysis. This is a serious public health problem, incidence and prevalence being expected to reach epidemic proportions over the next few decades if the disease cannot be prevented or slowed down. Recently, in addition to the strongly developing ischemic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease, it is suggested that the gut microbiota may also participate in the development of this disease. The brain and gut are thought to form a network called the “gut-brain-microbiota axis”, and it is strongly supported idea that the intestinal microflora can be involved in Alzheimer’s disease. Lately, many new studies have been conducted that draw attention to the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota. This review presents a possible relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and a microbiome. It is a promising idea for prevention or therapeutic intervention. Modulation of the gut microbiota through a personalized diet or beneficial microflora intervention like pro/prebiotics, changing microbiological partners and their products, including amyloid protein, can become a new treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Han L, Zhao LH, Zhang ML, Li HT, Gao ZZ, Zheng XJ, Wang XM, Wu HR, Zheng YJ, Jiang XT, Ding QY, Yang HY, Jia WP, Tong XL. A Novel Antidiabetic Monomers Combination Alleviates Insulin Resistance Through Bacteria-Cometabolism-Inflammation Responses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:173. [PMID: 32132984 PMCID: PMC7040028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to examine the therapeutic effect of a novel antidiabetic monomer combination (AMC) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); while also elucidating the potential functional mechanism. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish T2DM. The AMC group showed significant reduction in weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and experienced reduced insulin resistance based on oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp testing (“gold standard” for determining in vivo insulin sensitivity). Further, AMC restored the altered intestinal flora by increasing the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, and decreasing the number of harmful bacteria, including Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Prevotella 9, Alistipes, and Parabacteroides. Components of the host-microbial metabolome were also significantly changed in the AMC group compared to the HFD group, including hydroxyphenyllactic acid, palmitoleic acid, dodecanoic acid, linoleic acid, and erucic acid. Furthermore, AMC was found to inhibit inflammation and suppress signaling pathways related to insulin resistance. Lastly, spearman correlation analysis revealed relationships between altered microbial community and co-metabolite levels, co-metabolites and inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the potential mechanism responsible for AMC-mediated alleviation of insulin resistance was suggested to be involved in modulation of bacteria-cometabolism-inflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Molecular and Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Zheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Miao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Ran Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qi-You Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ali SS, Ahsan H, Zia MK, Siddiqui T, Khan FH. Understanding oxidants and antioxidants: Classical team with new players. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13145. [PMID: 31960481 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The free radical oxidants such as reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and reactive sulfur species are produced inside cells through various metabolic processes. The body is equipped with an antioxidant defense system that guards against oxidative damage caused by these reactive oxidants and plays a major role in protecting cells from oxidative stress and damage. Antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin, ascorbic acid and enzymes, for example, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) counter the oxidative stress and protect lipids, proteins, and DNA. Antioxidants such as tocopherols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids, amino acids are also natural antioxidants present in foods. There is increasing demand and availability of designer foods fortified with antioxidants and probiotics that may be important in human health. The review article presents a brief overview of oxidants and antioxidant systems inside the human body including the role of probiotics and inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Antioxidants such as GSH, thioredoxin, ascorbic acid, etc. and protective enzymes, for example, SOD, GPx, CAT, etc. counter oxidative stress and protect cellular biomolecules. Antioxidants such as tocopherols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids, amino acids, phospholipids, and sterols are natural antioxidants found in consumed foods. They play a major role in scavenging free radical and non-radical oxidants, and protect cells from oxidative stress and damage. The importance of antioxidants can be understood from the fact that oxidative damage is now associated with a variety of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, etc. Several approaches to improve human health and achieve longevity use dietary antioxidants as formulation in diet and fortified foods. Antioxidants also maintain freshness and prolonging the shelf life of food products. The fortified or designer foods that are added with antioxidant nutrients and the use of microorganisms as probiotics are increasingly available in the market as health foods and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saqib Ali
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid Zia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Tooba Siddiqui
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Fahim Halim Khan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Miao R, Badger TC, Groesch K, Diaz-Sylvester PL, Wilson T, Ghareeb A, Martin JA, Cregger M, Welge M, Bushell C, Auvil L, Zhu R, Brard L, Braundmeier-Fleming A. Assessment of peritoneal microbial features and tumor marker levels as potential diagnostic tools for ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227707. [PMID: 31917801 PMCID: PMC6952086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is the most deadly cancer of the female reproductive system. To date, there is no effective screening method for early detection of OC and current diagnostic armamentarium may include sonographic grading of the tumor and analyzing serum levels of tumor markers, Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) and Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4). Microorganisms (bacterial, archaeal, and fungal cells) residing in mucosal tissues including the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts can be altered by different disease states, and these shifts in microbial dynamics may help to diagnose disease states. We hypothesized that the peritoneal microbial environment was altered in patients with OC and that inclusion of selected peritoneal microbial features with current clinical features into prediction analyses will improve detection accuracy of patients with OC. Blood and peritoneal fluid were collected from consented patients that had sonography confirmed adnexal masses and were being seen at SIU School of Medicine Simmons Cancer Institute. Blood was processed and serum HE4 and CA-125 were measured. Peritoneal fluid was collected at the time of surgery and processed for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using 16S V4 exon bacterial primers and bioinformatics analyses. We found that patients with OC had a unique peritoneal microbial profile compared to patients with a benign mass. Using ensemble modeling and machine learning pathways, we identified 18 microbial features that were highly specific to OC pathology. Prediction analyses confirmed that inclusion of microbial features with serum tumor marker levels and control features (patient age and BMI) improved diagnostic accuracy compared to currently used models. We conclude that OC pathogenesis alters the peritoneal microbial environment and that these unique microbial features are important for accurate diagnosis of OC. Our study warrants further analyses of the importance of microbial features in regards to oncological diagnostics and possible prognostic and interventional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Miao
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Taylor C. Badger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Center for Clinical Research, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paula L. Diaz-Sylvester
- Center for Clinical Research, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Teresa Wilson
- Center for Clinical Research, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Allen Ghareeb
- Center for Clinical Research, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jongjin Anne Martin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Melissa Cregger
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Welge
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Colleen Bushell
- Applied Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Loretta Auvil
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ruoqing Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Laurent Brard
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Simmons Cancer Institute at SIU, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrea Braundmeier-Fleming
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- Simmons Cancer Institute at SIU, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Todorov SD, Kang HJ, Ivanova IV, Holzapfel WH. Bacteriocins From LAB and Other Alternative Approaches for the Control of Clostridium and Clostridiodes Related Gastrointestinal Colitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:581778. [PMID: 33042979 PMCID: PMC7517946 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.581778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is considered as a promising target for future non-conventional therapeutic treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The search for appropriate safe and beneficial (lactic acid bacterial and other) putative probiotic strains and/or their antimicrobial metabolites represents a challenging approach for combating several problematic and emerging infections. The process of selecting suitable strains, especially of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with superior properties, has been accelerated and intensified during the past two decades, also thanks to recent developments in lab techniques. Currently, special focus is on the potential of antimicrobial metabolites produced by some LAB strains and their application as active therapeutic agents. The vision is to develop a scientific basis for 'biotherapeutics' as alternative to conventional approaches in both human and veterinary medicine. Consequently, innovative and promising applications of LAB to the therapeutic practice are presently emerging. An overview of the existing literature indicates that some antimicrobial metabolites such as bacteriocins, widely produced by different bacterial species including LAB, are promising biotherapeutic agents for controlling infections caused by potential pathogens, such as Clostridium and Clostridiodes. Non-conventional, safe and well designed therapeutic treatments may contribute to the improvement of gut dysbiotic conditions. Thereby gut homeostasis can be restored and inflammatory conditions such as gastrointestinal colitis ameliorated. Combining the knowledge on the production, characterization and application of bacteriocins from probiotic LAB, together with their antibacterial properties, appears to be a promising and novel approach in biotherapy. In this overview, different scenarios for the control of Clostridium spp. by application of bacteriocins as therapeutic agents, also in synergistic combination with antibiotics, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav D. Todorov
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Kang
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- HEM Inc., Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Iskra V. Ivanova
- Department of General and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Wilhelm H. Holzapfel
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Institute (AGEE), Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- HEM Inc., Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Wilhelm H. Holzapfel,
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46
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Ahmad AF, Dwivedi G, O'Gara F, Caparros-Martin J, Ward NC. The gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and clinical potential. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H923-H938. [PMID: 31469291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00376.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The human body is populated by a diverse community of microbes, dominated by bacteria, but also including viruses and fungi. The largest and most complex of these communities is located in the gastrointestinal system and, with its associated genome, is known as the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome perturbations and related dysbiosis have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of CVD, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Although there have been advances in the characterization and analysis of the gut microbiota and associated bacterial metabolites, the exact mechanisms through which they exert their action are not well understood. This review will focus on the role of the gut microbiome and associated functional components in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Potential treatments to alter the gut microbiome to prevent or treat atherosclerosis and CVD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilah F Ahmad
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jose Caparros-Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth Western Australia, Australia
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47
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Renelies-Hamilton J, Noguera-Julian M, Parera M, Paredes R, Pacheco L, Dacal E, Saugar JM, Rubio JM, Poulsen M, Köster PC, Carmena D. Exploring interactions between Blastocystis sp., Strongyloides spp. and the gut microbiomes of wild chimpanzees in Senegal. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 74:104010. [PMID: 31442596 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut parasites exert an important influence on the gut microbiome, with many studies focusing on the human gut microbiome. It has, however, undergone severe richness depletion. Hygienic lifestyle, antimicrobial treatments and altered gut homeostasis (e.g., chronic inflammation) reduce gut microbiome richness and also parasite prevalence; which may confound results. Studying species closely related to humans could help overcome this problem by providing insights into the ancestral relationship between humans, their gut microbiome and their gut parasites. Chimpanzees are a particularly promising model as they have similar gut microbiomes to humans and many parasites infect both species. AIMS We study the interaction between gut microbiome and enteric parasites in chimpanzees. Investigating what novel insights a closely related species can reveal when compared to studies on humans. METHODS Using eighty-seven faecal samples from wild western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Senegal, we combine 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for gut microbiome characterization with PCR detection of parasite taxa (Blastocystis sp., Strongyloides spp., Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Plasmodium spp., Filariae and Trypanosomatidae). We test for differences in gut microbiota ecosystem traits and taxonomical composition between Blastocystis and Strongyloides bearing and non-bearing samples. RESULTS For Blastocystis, twelve differentially abundant taxa (e.g., Methanobrevibacter), including Prevotella and Ruminococcus-Methanobrevibacter enterotype markers, replicate findings in humans. However, several richness indices are lower in Blastocystis carriers, contradicting human studies. This indicates Blastocystis, unlike Strongyloides, is associated to a "poor health" gut microbiome, as does the fact that Faecalibacterium, a bacterium with gut protective traits, is absent in Blastocystis-positive samples. Strongyloides was associated to Alloprevotella and five other taxonomic groups. Each parasite had its unique impact on the gut microbiota indicating parasite-specific niches. Our results suggest that studying the gut microbiomes of wild chimpanzees could help disentangle biological from artefactual associations between gut microbiomes and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justinn Renelies-Hamilton
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jane Goodall Institute Spain, Station Biologique Fouta Djallon, Dindéfélo, Kédougou, Senegal.
| | - Marc Noguera-Julian
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Chair in AIDS and Related Illnesses, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Mariona Parera
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Chair in AIDS and Related Illnesses, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic - UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Liliana Pacheco
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain, Station Biologique Fouta Djallon, Dindéfélo, Kédougou, Senegal
| | - Elena Dacal
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - José M Saugar
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - José M Rubio
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela C Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
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48
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Angelucci F, Cechova K, Amlerova J, Hort J. Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:108. [PMID: 31118068 PMCID: PMC6530014 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease whose various pathophysiological aspects are still being investigated. Recently, it has been hypothesized that AD may be associated with a dysbiosis of microbes in the intestine. In fact, the intestinal flora is able to influence the activity of the brain and cause its dysfunctions.Given the growing interest in this topic, the purpose of this review is to analyze the role of antibiotics in relation to the gut microbiota and AD. In the first part of the review, we briefly review the role of gut microbiota in the brain and the various theories supporting the hypothesis that dysbiosis can be associated with AD pathophysiology. In the second part, we analyze the possible role of antibiotics in these events. Antibiotics are normally used to remove or prevent bacterial colonization in the human body, without targeting specific types of bacteria. As a result, broad-spectrum antibiotics can greatly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, reduce its biodiversity, and delay colonization for a long period after administration. Thus, the action of antibiotics in AD could be wide and even opposite, depending on the type of antibiotic and on the specific role of the microbiome in AD pathogenesis.Alteration of the gut microbiota can induce changes in brain activity, which raise the possibility of therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome in AD and other neurological disorders. This field of research is currently undergoing great development, but therapeutic applications are still far away. Whether a therapeutic manipulation of gut microbiota in AD could be achieved using antibiotics is still not known. The future of antibiotics in AD depends on the research progresses in the role of gut bacteria. We must first understand how and when gut bacteria act to promote AD. Once the role of gut microbiota in AD is well established, one can think to induce modifications of the gut microbiota with the use of pre-, pro-, or antibiotics to produce therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cechova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Amlerova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kim JK, Kim JY, Kim HI, Han MJ, Kim DH. Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum alleviate house dust mite allergen-induced allergic rhinitis by regulating IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 expression. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1608161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeon-Kyung Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye In Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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50
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