1
|
Yuan Q, Yang M, Zheng H, Cai Y, Luo P, Wang X, Xu P. M2 Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulated in Hyaluronic Acid Alleviate Osteoarthritis by Modulating Macrophage Polarization. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3355-3377. [PMID: 38563817 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
An imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophage polarization is critical in osteoarthritis (OA) development. We investigated the effect of M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (M2-EVs) to reprogramme macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype for OA treatment. M1 macrophages and mouse OA models were treated with M2-EVs. Proteomic analysis was performed to evaluate macrophage polarization in vitro. The OA models were as follows: destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery-induced OA and collagenase-induced OA (CIOA). Hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to deliver M2-EVs. M2-EVs decreased macrophage accumulation, repolarized macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype, mitigated synovitis, reduced cartilage degradation, alleviated subchondral bone damage, and improved gait abnormalities in the CIOA and DMM models. Moreover, HA increased the retention time of M2-EVs and enhanced the efficiency of M2-EVs in OA treatment. Furthermore, proteomic analysis demonstrated that M2-EVs exhibited a macrophage reprogramming ability similar to IL-4, and the pathways might be the NOD-like receptor (NLR), TNF, NF-κB, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. M2-EVs reprogrammed macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype, which resulted in beneficial effects on cartilage and attenuation of OA severity. In summary, our study indicated that M2-EV-guided reprogramming of macrophages is a promising treatment strategy for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Haishi Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Yongsong Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shaanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang L, Yao Y, Ruan Z, Zhang S, Feng X, Lu C, Zhao J, Yin F, Cao C, Zheng L. Baicalin nanodelivery system based on functionalized metal-organic framework for targeted therapy of osteoarthritis by modulating macrophage polarization. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:221. [PMID: 38724958 PMCID: PMC11080297 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intra-articular drugs used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) often suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and stability. Nano-platforms as drug delivery systems for drug delivery are promising for OA therapy. In this study, we reported an M1 macrophage-targeted delivery system Bai@FA-UIO-66-NH2 based on folic acid (FA) -modified metal-organic framework (MOF) loaded with baicalin (Bai) as antioxidant agent for OA therapy. With outstanding biocompatibility and high drug loading efficiency, Bai@FA-UIO-66-NH2 could be specifically uptaken by LPS-induced macrophages to serve as a potent ROS scavenger, gradually releasing Bai at the subcellular level to reduce ROS production, modulate macrophage polarization to M2, leading to alleviation of synovial inflammation in OA joints. The synergistic effect of Bai@FA-UIO-66-NH2 on macrophage polarization and ROS scavenging significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of OA, which may provide a new insight into the design of OA precision therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanli Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhuren Ruan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengqing Zhang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xianjing Feng
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chun Lu
- School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 53000, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Feiying Yin
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Cunwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu YD, Liang XC, Li ZP, Wu ZS, Yang J, Jia SZ, Peng R, Li ZY, Wang XH, Luo FJ, Chen JJ, Cheng WX, Zhang P, Zha ZG, Zeng R, Zhang HT. Apoptotic body-inspired nanotherapeutics efficiently attenuate osteoarthritis by targeting BRD4-regulated synovial macrophage polarization. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122483. [PMID: 38330742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is the most well-studied BET protein that is important for the innate immune response. We recently revealed that targeting BRD4 triggers apoptosis in tumor-associated macrophages, but its role in synovial macrophages and joint inflammation is largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that BRD4 was highly expressed in the iNOS-positive M1 macrophages in the human and mouse osteoarthritis (OA) synovium, and conditional knockout of BRD4 in the myeloid lineage using Lyz2-cre; BRD4flox/flox mice significantly abolished anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced M1 macrophage accumulation and synovial inflammation. Accordingly, we successfully constructed apoptotic body-inspired phosphatidylserine-containing nanoliposomes (PSLs) loaded with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 to regulate inflammatory macrophages. JQ1-loaded PSLs (JQ1@PSLs) exhibited a higher cellular uptake by macrophages than fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in vitro and in vivo, as well as the reduction in proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization. Intra-articular injections of JQ1@PSLs showed prolonged retention within the joint, and remarkably reduced synovial inflammation and joint pain via suppressing M1 polarization accompanied by reduced TRPA1 expression by targeted inhibition of BRD4 in the macrophages, thus attenuating cartilage degradation during OA development. The results show that BRD4-inhibiting JQ1@PSLs can targeted-modulate macrophage polarization, which opens a new avenue for efficient OA therapy via a "Trojan horse".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Di Xu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiang-Chao Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhao-Sheng Wu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiao-He Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Fang-Ji Luo
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jia-Jing Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Huan-Tian Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan Z, Jiang D, Yang M, Tao J, Hu X, Yang X, Zeng Y. Emerging Roles of Macrophage Polarization in Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:532-550. [PMID: 38296798 PMCID: PMC10925521 DOI: 10.1111/os.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease in middle-aged and elderly people, characterized by joint pain and dysfunction. Macrophages are key players in OA pathology, and their activation state has been studied extensively. Various studies have suggested that macrophages might respond to stimuli in their microenvironment by changing their phenotypes to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which is called macrophage polarization. Macrophages accumulate and become polarized (M1 or M2) in many tissues, such as synovium, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and bone mesenchymal tissues in joints, while resident macrophages as well as other stromal cells, including fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, form the joint and function as an integrated unit. In this study, we focus exclusively on synovial macrophages, adipose tissue macrophages, and osteoclasts, to investigate their roles in the development of OA. We review recent key findings related to macrophage polarization and OA, including pathogenesis, molecular pathways, and therapeutics. We summarize several signaling pathways in macrophage reprogramming related to OA, including NF-κB, MAPK, TGF-β, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NLRP3. Of note, despite the increasing availability of treatments for osteoarthritis, like intra-articular injections, surgery, and cellular therapy, the demand for more effective clinical therapies has remained steady. Therefore, we also describe the current prospective therapeutic methods that deem macrophage polarization to be a therapeutic target, including physical stimulus, chemical compounds, and biological molecules, to enhance cartilage repair and alleviate the progression of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Yuan
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Decheng Jiang
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jie Tao
- West China Medical SchoolSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of OrthopedicsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Zeng
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of OrthopedicsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiao P, Han X, Huang Y, Yang J, Chen L, Cai Z, Hu N, Cui W, Huang W. Reprogramming macrophages via immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres for osteoarthritis treatments. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:242-259. [PMID: 37869722 PMCID: PMC10589729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating macrophage activation precisely is crucial in treating chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the stable pro-inflammatory state and deep distribution of macrophages in vivo pose a great challenge to treatment. In this study, inspired by the innate immune, immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres were constructed by microfluidic methods and load chemokines, macrophage antibodies and engineered cell membrane vesicles (sEVs) via covalent and non-covalent junctions. The immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres, based on a mixture of streptavidin grafted hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA-SA) and Chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (ChSMA) microspheres (HCM), can recruit, capture and reprogram proinflammatory macrophages in the joint cavity to improve the joint inflammatory microenvironment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres had excellent macrophage recruitment, capture, and reprogramming abilities. Pro-inflammatory macrophages can be transformed into anti-inflammatory macrophages with an efficiency of 88.5 %. Animal experiments also revealed significant reduction in synovial inflammation and cartilage matrix degradation of OA. Therefore, the immune cell mobilized hydrogel microspheres may be an effective treatment of OA inflammation for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piuzzi NS, Klika AK, Lu Q, Higuera-Rueda CA, Stappenbeck T, Visperas A. Periprosthetic joint infection and immunity: Current understanding of host-microbe interplay. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:7-20. [PMID: 37874328 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a major complication of total joint arthroplasty. Even with current treatments, failure rates are unacceptably high with a 5-year mortality rate of 26%. Majority of the literature in the field has focused on development of better biomarkers for diagnostics and treatment strategies including innovate antibiotic delivery systems, antibiofilm agents, and bacteriophages. Nevertheless, the role of the immune system, our first line of defense during PJI, is not well understood. Evidence of infection in PJI patients is found within circulation, synovial fluid, and tissue and include numerous cytokines, metabolites, antimicrobial peptides, and soluble receptors that are part of the PJI diagnosis workup. Macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are initially recruited into the joint by chemokines and cytokines produced by immune cells and bacteria and are activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. While these cells are efficient killers of planktonic bacteria by phagocytosis, opsonization, degranulation, and recruitment of adaptive immune cells, biofilm-associated bacteria are troublesome. Biofilm is not only a physical barrier for the immune system but also elicits effector functions. Additionally, bacteria have developed mechanisms to evade the immune system by inactivating effector molecules, promoting killing or anti-inflammatory effector cell phenotypes, and intracellular persistence and dissemination. Understanding these shortcomings and the mechanisms by which bacteria can subvert the immune system may open new approaches to better prepare our own immune system to combat PJI. Furthermore, preoperative immune system assessment and screening for dysregulation may aid in developing preventative interventions to decrease PJI incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Adult Reconstruction Research (CCARR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alison K Klika
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Adult Reconstruction Research (CCARR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Anabelle Visperas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Adult Reconstruction Research (CCARR), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Ouyang Z, Huang Y, Lin S, Li S, Xu J, Liu T, Wu J, Guo P, Chen Z, Wu H, Ding Y. NOD2 attenuates osteoarthritis via reprogramming the activation of synovial macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:249. [PMID: 38124066 PMCID: PMC10731717 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial inflammation, which precedes other pathological changes in osteoarthritis (OA), is primarily initiated by activation and M1 polarization of macrophages. While macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory process of OA, the mechanisms underlying their activation and polarization remain incompletely elucidated. This study aims to investigate the role of NOD2 as a reciprocal modulator of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling in macrophage activation and polarization during OA pathogenesis. DESIGN We examined NOD2 expression in the synovium and determined the impact of NOD2 on macrophage activation and polarization by knockdown and overexpression models in vitro. Paracrine effect of macrophages on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and chondrocytes was evaluated under conditions of NOD2 overexpression. Additionally, the in vivo effect of NOD2 was assessed using collagenase VII induced OA model in mice. RESULTS Expression of NOD2 was elevated in osteoarthritic synovium. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NOD2 serves as a negative regulator of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, NOD2 overexpression hampered the inflammatory paracrine effect of macrophages on FLS and chondrocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that NOD2 overexpression mitigated OA in mice. CONCLUSIONS Supported by convincing evidence on the inhibitory role of NOD2 in modulating the activation and M1 polarization of synovial macrophages, this study provided novel insights into the involvement of innate immunity in OA pathogenesis and highlighted NOD2 as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhuji Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuhsi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Sipeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shixun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Taihe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jionglin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peidong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gu Y, Hu Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Xu K, Su J. Single-cell RNA sequencing in osteoarthritis. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13517. [PMID: 37317049 PMCID: PMC10693192 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a progressive and heterogeneous joint disease with complex pathogenesis. The various phenotypes associated with each patient suggest that better subgrouping of tissues associated with genotypes in different phases of osteoarthritis may provide new insights into the onset and progression of the disease. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing was used to describe osteoarthritis pathogenesis on a high-resolution view surpassing traditional technologies. Herein, this review summarizes the microstructural changes in articular cartilage, meniscus, synovium and subchondral bone that are mainly due to crosstalk amongst chondrocytes, osteoblasts, fibroblasts and endothelial cells during osteoarthritis progression. Next, we focus on the promising targets discovered by single-cell RNA sequencing and its potential applications in target drugs and tissue engineering. Additionally, the limited amount of research on the evaluation of bone-related biomaterials is reviewed. Based on the pre-clinical findings, we elaborate on the potential clinical values of single-cell RNA sequencing for the therapeutic strategies of osteoarthritis. Finally, a perspective on the future development of patient-centred medicine for osteoarthritis therapy combining other single-cell multi-omics technologies is discussed. This review will provide new insights into osteoarthritis pathogenesis on a cellular level and the field of applications of single-cell RNA sequencing in personalized therapeutics for osteoarthritis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Gu
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Hu
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Zhongye HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- Organoid Research CenterShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu C, Liu G, Cui W, Yu Z, Chen W, Qin Y, Liu J, Lu Y, Fan W, Liang W. Astaxanthin prevents osteoarthritis by blocking Rspo2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chondrocytes and abolishing Rspo2-related inflammatory factors in macrophages. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5775-5797. [PMID: 37354487 PMCID: PMC10333078 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocyte degeneration and classically activated macrophage (AM)-related inflammation play critical roles in osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we explored the effects of astaxanthin and Rspo2 on OA in vitro and in vivo. We observed that the Rspo2 gene was markedly elevated in synovial tissues of OA patients compared with healthy controls. In 2D cultures, Rspo2 and inflammatory factors were enhanced in AMs compared with nonactivated macrophages (NMs), and the protein expression levels of Rspo2, β-catenin, and inflammatory factors were increased, and anabolic markers were reduced in osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OACs) compared to normal chondrocytes (NCs). Astaxanthin reversed these changes in AMs and OACs. Furthermore, Rspo2 shRNA significantly abolished inflammatory factors and elevated anabolic markers in OACs. In NCs cocultured with AM, and in OACs cocultured with AMs or NMs, astaxanthin reversed these changes in these coculture systems and promoted secretion of Rspo2, β-catenin and inflammatory factors and suppressed anabolic markers compared to NCs or OACs cultured alone. In AMs, coculture with NCs resulted in a slight elevation of Rspo2 and AM-related genes, but not protein expression, compared to culture alone, but when cocultured with OACs, these inflammatory mediators were significantly enhanced at both the gene and protein levels. Astaxanthin reversed these changes in all the groups. In vivo, we observed a deterioration in cartilage quality after intra-articular injection of Rspo2 associated with medial meniscus (DMM)-induced instability in the OA group, and astaxanthin was protective in these groups. Our results collectively revealed that astaxanthin attenuated the process of OA by abolishing Rspo2 both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhu
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Weiding Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongjie Yu
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiuxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yaojun Lu
- Trauma Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenwei Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu Y, Zhang H, Pan H, Zhang Z, Zeng H, Xie H, Yin J, Tang W, Lin R, Zeng C, Cai D. Expression pattern analysis of m6A regulators reveals IGF2BP3 as a key modulator in osteoarthritis synovial macrophages. J Transl Med 2023; 21:339. [PMID: 37217897 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of N6 methyl adenosine (m6A) modulation hampers gene expression and cellular functions, leading to various illnesses. However, the role of m6A modification in osteoarthritis (OA) synovitis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the expression patterns of m6A regulators in OA synovial cell clusters and identify key m6A regulators that mediate synovial macrophage phenotypes. METHODS The expression patterns of m6A regulators in the OA synovium were illustrated by analyzing bulk RNA-seq data. Next, we built an OA LASSO-Cox regression prediction model to identify the core m6A regulators. Potential target genes of these m6A regulators were identified by analyzing data from the RM2target database. A molecular functional network based on core m6A regulators and their target genes was constructed using the STRING database. Single-cell RNA-seq data were collected to verify the effects of m6A regulators on synovial cell clusters. Conjoint analyses of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data were performed to validate the correlation between m6A regulators, synovial clusters, and disease conditions. After IGF2BP3 was screened as a potential modulator in OA macrophages, the IGF2BP3 expression level was tested in OA synovium and macrophages, and its functions were further tested by overexpression and knockdown in vitro. RESULTS OA synovium showed aberrant expression patterns of m6A regulators. Based on these regulators, we constructed a well-fitting OA prediction model comprising six factors (FTO, YTHDC1, METTL5, IGF2BP3, ZC3H13, and HNRNPC). The functional network indicated that these factors were closely associated with OA synovial phenotypic alterations. Among these regulators, the m6A reader IGF2BP3 was identified as a potential macrophage mediator. Finally, IGF2BP3 upregulation was verified in the OA synovium, which promoted macrophage M1 polarization and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the functions of m6A regulators in OA synovium and highlighted the association between IGF2BP3 and enhanced M1 polarization and inflammation in OA macrophages, providing novel molecular targets for OA diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyan Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rengui Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fine N, Lively S, Séguin CA, Perruccio AV, Kapoor M, Rampersaud R. Intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis: a common molecular disease spectrum. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:136-152. [PMID: 36702892 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the facet joint of the spine are biomechanically interdependent, typically occur in tandem, and have considerable epidemiological and pathophysiological overlap. Historically, the distinctions between these degenerative diseases have been emphasized. Therefore, research in the two fields often occurs independently without adequate consideration of the co-dependence of the two sites, which reside within the same functional spinal unit. Emerging evidence from animal models of spine degeneration highlight the interdependence of IDD and facet joint OA, warranting a review of the parallels between these two degenerative phenomena for the benefit of both clinicians and research scientists. This Review discusses the pathophysiological aspects of IDD and OA, with an emphasis on tissue, cellular and molecular pathways of degeneration. Although the intervertebral disc and synovial facet joint are biologically distinct structures that are amenable to reductive scientific consideration, substantial overlap exists between the molecular pathways and processes of degeneration (including cartilage destruction, extracellular matrix degeneration and osteophyte formation) that occur at these sites. Thus, researchers, clinicians, advocates and policy-makers should consider viewing the burden and management of spinal degeneration holistically as part of the OA disease continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fine
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopaedics, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Starlee Lively
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopaedics, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryle Ann Séguin
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony V Perruccio
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopaedics, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopaedics, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopaedics, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
You B, Zhou C, Yang Y. MSC-EVs alleviate osteoarthritis by regulating microenvironmental cells in the articular cavity and maintaining cartilage matrix homeostasis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101864. [PMID: 36707035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a common cause of chronic articular cartilage degeneration, is the main cause of disability in older adults and severely affects quality of life. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of OA, resulting in imbalance in the homeostasis of the joint cavity microenvironment, which exacerbates the disease. Because of the deficiency of blood vessels and nerves in cartilage, existing therapies to promote cartilage healing are relatively ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-related therapies have achieved positive outcomes for the treatment of OA, and these beneficial effects have been confirmed to be largely mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have been demonstrated to participate in the regulation of chondrocyte function, to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and to alleviate metabolic disorders of the extracellular matrix, thereby slowing the progression of OA. In addition, engineered MSC-EVs can enrich therapeutic molecules and optimize administration to enhance their therapeutic effects on OA. A thorough understanding of the endogenous properties of EVs and related engineering strategies could help researchers develop more precise control therapy for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benshuai You
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Targeting macrophage polarization as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109790. [PMID: 36736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic osteoarthropathy characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage and synovial inflammation. Early OA clinical treatments involve intra-articular injection of glucocorticoids, oral acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are used for anti-inflammation and pain relief. However, long-term use of these agents will lead to inevitable side effects, even aggravate cartilage loss. At present, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) yet approved by regulatory agencies. Polarization regulation of synovial macrophages is a new target for OA treatment. Inhibiting M1 polarization and promoting M2 polarization of synovial macrophages can alleviate synovial inflammation, relieve joint pain and inhibit articular cartilage degradation, which is a promising strategy for OA treatment. In this study, we describe the molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization and its key role in the development of OA. Subsequently, we summarize the latest progress of strategies for OA treatment through macrophage reprogramming, including small molecule compounds (conventional western medicine and synthetic compounds, monomer compounds of traditional Chinese medicine), biomacromolecules, metal/metal oxides, cells, and cell derivatives, and interprets the molecular mechanisms, hoping to provide some information for DMOADs development.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuang S, Liu L, Hu Z, Luo M, Fu X, Lin C, He Q. A review focusing on the benefits of plant-derived polysaccharides for osteoarthritis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:582-593. [PMID: 36563826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, which imposes a heavy physical and financial burden on the middle-aged and elderly population. As the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully elucidated, it is of great importance to develop targeted therapeutic or preventive medications. Traditional therapeutic drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids and opioids, have significant side effects, making the exploration for safe and effective alternative therapeutic drugs urgent. In recent years, many studies have reported the role of plant-derived polysaccharides in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, regulation of chondrocyte metabolism and proliferation, and cartilage protection, and have demonstrated their great potential in the treatment of OA. Therefore, by focusing on studies related to the intervention of plant-derived polysaccharides in OA, including in vivo and in vitro experiments, this review aimed to classify and summarize the existing research findings according to different mechanisms of action. In addition, reports on plant-derived polysaccharides as nanoparticles were also explored. Then, candidate monomers and theoretical bases were provided for the further development and application of novel drugs in the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shida Kuang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Lumei Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Zongren Hu
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Min Luo
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health Care, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Xinying Fu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Chengxiong Lin
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Qinghu He
- Andrology Laboratory, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jia H, Duan L, Yu P, Zhou Y, Liu R, Wang H. Digoxin ameliorates joint inflammatory microenvironment by downregulating synovial macrophage M1-like-polarization and its-derived exosomal miR-146b-5p/Usp3&Sox5 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109135. [PMID: 35987145 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Relatively low-grade inflammatory of osteoarthritic joints is characterized by synovitis and a catabolic and proinflammatory state of the chondrocytes and plays an important role in osteoarthritis (OA) initiation and exacerbation. Our previous research showed cardiac glycoside compounds might be effective in OA synovitis. However, the effect of digoxin (DIG), an FDA-approved cardenolide, on inflammation inhibition of osteoarthritic joints has not been investigated. In the present study, a western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining revealed that DIG alleviated OA synovitis by inhibiting the M1-like polarization of synovial macrophages in OA patients and collagenase-induced OA (CIOA, with considerable synovitis) mice. Subsequently, the exosomes produced by macrophages and M1-like macrophages treated with or without DIG were isolated and identified. According to miRNA sequencing analysis of these exosomes and subsequent target activity assays, we confirmed DIG controls OA inflammatory microenvironment and promotes chondrogenesis by, at least partly, downregulating the M1-like macrophage-derived exosomal miR-146b-5p/Usp3&Sox5 axis in vitro and in vivo. This research provides reliable experimental evidence supporting the clinical application of DIG as a disease-modifying drug for inflammation-associated OA. Additionally, the spectrum of diseases of inflammation controlled by DIG has been broadened, which prompting research interest in the new function of an "old" FDA-approved drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Spine Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Spine Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Rangru Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, Department of Spine Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, He C. Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967193. [PMID: 36032081 PMCID: PMC9411667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). The transition of synovial macrophages between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes can play a key role in building the intra-articular microenvironment. The pro-inflammatory cascade induced by TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 is closely related to M1 macrophages, resulting in the production of pro-chondrolytic mediators. However, IL-10, IL1RA, CCL-18, IGF, and TGF are closely related to M2 macrophages, leading to the protection of cartilage and the promoted regeneration. The inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway is central in OA treatment via controlling inflammatory responses in macrophages, while the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway appears not to attract widespread attention in the field. Nrf2 is a transcription factor encoding a large number of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of Nrf2 can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can also have complex crosstalk with NF-κB signaling pathway. The activation of Nrf2 can inhibit the M1 polarization and promote the M2 polarization through potential signaling transductions including TGF-β/SMAD, TLR/NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, with the regulation or cooperation of Notch, NLRP3, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling. And the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the negative regulation of Nrf2 for NF-κB can be the main mechanisms for promotion. Furthermore, the candidates of OA treatment by activating Nrf2 to promote M2 phenotype macrophages in OA are also reviewed in this work, such as itaconate and fumarate derivatives, curcumin, quercetin, melatonin, mesenchymal stem cells, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Chengqi He,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Y, Lu T, Liu Z, Ning W, Li S, Chen Y, Ge X, Guo C, Zheng Y, Wei X, Wang H. Six macrophage-associated genes in synovium constitute a novel diagnostic signature for osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936606. [PMID: 35967352 PMCID: PMC9368762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial macrophages play important roles in the formation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to explore the biological and clinical significance of macrophage-associated genes (MAGs) in OA. Methods The OA synovial gene expression profiles GSE89408 and GSE82107 were obtained from the GEO database. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and GSEA were employed to decipher differences in immune infiltration and macrophage-associated biological pathways, respectively. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and machine learning were utilized to establish a macrophage-associated gene diagnostic signature (MAGDS). RT-qPCR was performed to test the expression of key MAGs in murine models. Results OA synovium presented high levels of immune infiltration and activation of macrophage-associated biological pathways. A total of 55 differentially expressed MAGs were identified. Using PPI analysis and machine learning, a MAGDS consisting of IL1B, C5AR1, FCGR2B, IL10, IL6, and TYROBP was established for OA diagnosis (AUC = 0.910) and molecular pathological evaluation. Patients with high MAGDS scores may possess higher levels of immune infiltration and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), implying poor biological alterations. The diagnostic value of MAGDS was also validated in an external cohort (AUC = 0.886). The expression of key MAGs was validated in a murine model using RT-qPCR. Additionally, a competitive endogenous RNA network was constructed to reveal the potential posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. Conclusions We developed and validated a MAGDS model with the ability to accurately diagnose and characterize biological alterations in OA. The six key MAGs may also be latent targets for immunoregulatory therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taoyuan Lu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenhua Ning
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siying Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youyang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiming Wang, ; Xiangyang Wei,
| | - Haiming Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Medical College of Zhengzhou University of Industrial technology, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiming Wang, ; Xiangyang Wei,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bai LK, Su YZ, Wang XX, Bai B, Zhang CQ, Zhang LY, Zhang GL. Synovial Macrophages: Past Life, Current Situation, and Application in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905356. [PMID: 35958604 PMCID: PMC9361854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is an inflammatory disease that involves the joints and surrounding tissues. Synovial hyperplasia often presents when joints become inflamed due to immune cell infiltration. Synovial membrane is an important as well as a highly specific component of the joint, and its lesions can lead to degeneration of the joint surface, causing pain and joint disability or affecting the patients’ quality of life in severe cases. Synovial macrophages (SMs) are one of the cellular components of the synovial membrane, which not only retain the function of macrophages to engulf foreign bodies in the joint cavity, but also interact with synovial fibroblasts (SFs), T cells, B cells, and other inflammatory cells to promote the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6, which are involved in the pathogenic process of inflammatory arthritis. SMs from different tissue sources have differently differentiated potentials and functional expressions. This article provides a summary on studies pertaining to SMs in inflammatory arthritis, and explores their role in its treatment, in order to highlight novel treatment modalities for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Kun Bai
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Su
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Xue Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Bai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Zhang
- Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gai-Lian Zhang
- Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Gai-Lian Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Emmi A, Stocco E, Boscolo-Berto R, Contran M, Belluzzi E, Favero M, Ramonda R, Porzionato A, Ruggieri P, De Caro R, Macchi V. Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Synovial Membrane Anatomo-Fuctional Unit: Microscopic Basis for Piezo1/2 Mechanosensors Involvement in Osteoarthritis Pain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886604. [PMID: 35837327 PMCID: PMC9274201 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Infrapatellar Fat Pad (IFP) is a fibro-adipose tissue of the knee recently reconsidered as part of a single anatomo-functional unit (AFU) together with the synovial membrane (SM). Several evidence support the role of this unit in the mechanisms that trigger and perpetuate the onset and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) disease. Additionally, the contribution of IFP-SM AFU in OA-associated pain has also been supposed, but this assumption still needs to be fully elucidated. Within this context, the recent discovery of the mechanoceptive Piezo ion channels (i.e., Piezo1 and Piezo2) in mammals and consciousness on their role in mediating both mechanoceptive and inflammatory stimuli could shed some light on knee OA pain, as well as on the process leading from acute to chronic nociceptive responses. For this purpose, the IFP-SM AFUs of both healthy donors (non-OA IFP-SM AFUs, n = 10) and OA patients (OA IFP-SM AFUs, n = 10) were processed by histology and immunohistochemistry. After the attribution of a histopathological score to IFP-SM AFUs to confirm intrinsic differences between the two groups, the specimens were investigated for the expression and localization/distribution pattern of the mechanosensors Piezo1 and Piezo2. In addition, the presence of monocytes/macrophages (CD68), peripheral nerve endings (PGP9.5) and neoangiogenesis signs (YAP1) was evaluated for a broad tissue characterization. The study results lead to a better description of the IFP-SM AFU microscopic features in both healthy and pathological conditions, highlighting peculiar differences in the study cohort. Specifically, immunopositivity towards Piezo1/2, CD68 and YAP1 markers was detected at vessels level in the OA- IFP-SM AFUs compartments, differently from the non-OA-group. A correlation with pain was also inferred, paving the way for the identification of new and effective molecules in OA management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aron Emmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Contran
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Internal Medicine I, Cà Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Raffaele De Caro,
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao W, Shen L, Long DD, Pan TT, Wang D, Chai XQ, Hu SS. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor pharmacological agonist, C21, reduces the inflammation and pain hypersensitivity in mice with joint inflammatory pain. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108921. [PMID: 35724606 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary and secondary hyperalgesia develop in response to chronic joint inflammation due to peripheral and central mechanisms. Synovial macrophage and spinal microglia are involved in pain sensitization in arthritis. The level of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) is related to the severity of arthritis. This study aimed to determine the role of AT2R in primary and secondary hyperalgesia in joint inflammatory pain in mice. After intra-articular CFA injection, primary hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral knee joint was measured by pressure application meter and gait analysis, secondary hypersensitivity in ipsilateral hind-paw was measured by von-Frey and Hargreaves tests following a combination of global AT2R-deficient (Agtr2-/-) mice and AT2R pharmacological agonist C21. Synovial macrophage and spinal microglia were collected for flow cytometry. Morphological reconstruction of microglia was detected by immunostaining. AT2R expression was investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Neuronal hyperactivity was evaluated by c-Fos and CGRP immunostaining. We found that pain hypersensitivity and synovial inflammation in Agtr2-/- mice were significantly exacerbated compared with wild-type mice; conversely, systemically administrated C21 attenuated both of the symptoms. Additionally, spinal microglia were activated, and an abundant increase of spinal AT2R was expressed on activated microglia in response to peripheral joint inflammation. Intrathecally-administrated C21 reversed the secondary hypersensitivity, accompanied by alleviation of spinal microglial activation, spinal neuronal hyperactivity, and calcitonin gene-related peptide content. These findings revealed a beneficial role of AT2R activating stimulation against pain hypersensitivity in joint inflammatory pain via direct modulation of synovial macrophage and spinal microglial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dan-Dan Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ting-Ting Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chai
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| |
Collapse
|