1
|
Liu C, Liu P, Wang X, Li X, Horita J. Establishing the accuracy of position-specific carbon isotope analysis of propane by GC-pyrolysis-GC-IRMS. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9494. [PMID: 36797978 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Position-specific (PS) δ13 C values of propane have proven their ability to provide valuable information on the evolution history of natural gases. Two major approaches to measure PS δ13 C values of propane are isotopic 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-pyrolysis-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-Py-GC-IRMS). Measurement accuracy of the isotopic 13 C NMR has been verified, but the requirements of large sample size and long experimental time limit its applications. GC-Py-GC-IRMS is a more versatile method with a small sample size, but its accuracy has not been demonstrated. METHODS We measured the PS δ13 C values of propane from nine natural gases using both 13 C NMR and GC-Py-GC-IRMS, then evaluated the accuracy of the GC-Py-GC-IRMS method. RESULTS The results show that large carbon isotope fractionations occurred for both terminal and central carbons within propane during pyrolysis. The isotope fractionations during the pyrolysis are reproducible at optimum conditions, but vary between the two GC-Py-GC-IRMS systems tested, affected by experimental conditions (e.g., pyrolysis temperature, flow rate, and reactor conditions). CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to evaluate and calibrate each GC-Py-GC-IRMS system using propane gases with accurately determined PS δ13 C values. This study also highlights a need for PS isotope standards for propane and other molecules (e.g., butane and acetic acid).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Juske Horita
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le PM, Martineau E, Akoka S, Remaud G, Chartrand MMG, Meija J, Mester Z. Site-specific carbon isotope measurements of vanillin reference materials by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7153-7165. [PMID: 36097194 PMCID: PMC9482901 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin, one of the world's most popular flavor used in food and pharmaceutical industries, is extracted from vanilla beans or obtained (bio)-synthetically. The price of natural vanillin is considerably higher than that of its synthetic alternative which leads increasingly to counterfeit vanillin. Here, we describe the workflow of combining carbon isotope ratio combustion mass spectrometry with quantitative carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (13C-qNMR) to obtain carbon isotope measurements traceable to the Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB) with 0.7‰ combined standard uncertainty (or expanded uncertainty of 1.4‰ at 95% confidence level). We perform these measurements on qualified Bruker 400 MHz instruments to certify site-specific carbon isotope delta values in two vanillin materials, VANA-1 and VANB-1, believed to be the first intramolecular isotopic certified reference material (CRMs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Mai Le
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Estelle Martineau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR6230, F-44000, Nantes, France.,CAPACITÉS SAS, Nantes, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Gerald Remaud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Michelle M G Chartrand
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Zoltán Mester
- Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hang DTN, Hoa NT, Bich HN, Mechler A, Vo QV. The hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of natural hydroxybenzoic acids in oil and aqueous environments: Insights into the mechanism and kinetics. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 201:113281. [PMID: 35738432 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foods that contain hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (HBA) include red fruits, black radish, onion, and potato peel. HBA are widely known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and especially antioxidant capabilities; however, a comprehensive study of the mechanism and kinetics of the antiradical action of these compounds has not been performed. Here, we report a study on the mechanisms and kinetics of hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of HBA by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. According to the results, HBA exert low HOO• antiradical activity in the nonpolar environment with overall rate constants in the range of koverall = 5.90 × 10-6 - 4.10 × 103 M-1 s-1. However, most HBA exhibit significant HOO• antiradical activity (koverall = 105 - 108 M-1 s-1) by the single electron transfer (SET) reaction of the phenoxide anions in water at physiological pH. The overall rate constant increases with increasing pH values in the majority of the substances studied. At pH ≤ 4, gentisic acid had the best HOO• antiradical activity (log(koverall) = 3.7-4.8), however at pH > 4, the largest HOO• radical scavenging activity (log(koverall) = 4.8-9.8) was almost exclusively found for gallic and syringic acids. Salicylic and 5-sulphosalicylic acids have the lowest antiradical activity across most of the pH range. The activities of the majority of the acids in this study are faster than the reference compound Trolox. Thus, in the aqueous physiological environment, these HBA are good natural antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do Thi Ngoc Hang
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Ngoc Bich
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raimondo M, Borioni A, Prestinaci F, Sestili I, Gaudiano MC. A NIR, 1H-NMR, LC-MS and chemometrics pilot study on the origin of carvedilol drug substances: a tool for discovering falsified active pharmaceutical ingredients. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1396-1405. [PMID: 35302118 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Falsification of drugs, entailing the use of drug substances from unknown unapproved suppliers, is one of the main concerns for the quality of medicines. Therefore, traceability of active ingredients represents an effective tool to fight the illegal trade of medicinal products. In this view, the present pilot study explores the profile of carvedilol active ingredients and possible differences related to the origin. Sixteen samples were examined by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR spectrometry) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) Q-TOF and the data were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and PLSDA discriminant analysis. The results evidenced that the combined information from the three techniques gave good classification of the samples neatly distinguishing the APIs from European countries from the APIs manufactured out of Europe. In particular, NIR spectroscopy provided effective separation between European and non-European manufacturers and 1H-NMR or LC-MS added specific information related to the separation. Concerning LC-MS Q-TOF, the analysis of multiple isobaric peaks proved to be highly predictive of the drug substance origin and emerged as a promising tool in the field of medicine traceability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Raimondo
- Chemical Medicines Unit, Centro Nazionale Controllo e Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Borioni
- Chemical Medicines Unit, Centro Nazionale Controllo e Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Prestinaci
- Chemical Medicines Unit, Centro Nazionale Controllo e Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Isabella Sestili
- Chemical Medicines Unit, Centro Nazionale Controllo e Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Gaudiano
- Chemical Medicines Unit, Centro Nazionale Controllo e Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Omotola EO, Oluwole AO, Oladoye PO, Olatunji OS. Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Exploring the enantiomeric 13C position-specific isotope fractionation: challenges and anisotropic NMR-based analytical strategy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6379-6392. [PMID: 34498104 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trying to answer the intriguing and fundamental question related to chiral induction/amplification at the origin of homochirality in Nature: "Is there a relationship between enantiomeric and isotopic fractionation of carbon 13 in chiral molecules?" is a difficult but stimulating challenge. Although isotropic 13C-PSIA NMR is a promising tool for the determination of (13C/12C) ratios capable of providing key 13C isotopic data for understanding the reaction mechanisms of biological processes or artificial transformations, this method does not provide access to any enantiomeric 13C isotopic data unless mirror-image isomers are first physically separated. Interestingly, 13C spectral enantiodiscriminations can be potentially performed in situ in the presence of enantiopure entities as chiral-europium complexes or chiral liquid crystals (CLCs). In this work, we explored for the first time the capabilities of the anisotropic 13C-{1H} NMR using PBLG-based lyotropic CLCs as enantiodiscriminating media in the context of the enantiomeric position-specific 13C isotope fractionation (EPSIF), within the requested precision of the order of the permil. As enantiomeric NMR signals are discriminated on the basis of a difference of 13C residual chemical shift anisotropy (13C-RCSA) prior to being deconvoluted, analysis of enantiomeric mixtures becomes possible. The analytical potential of this approach when using poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate (PBLG) is presented, and the preliminary quantitative results on small model chiral molecules obtained at 17.5 T with a cryogenic NMR probe are reported and discussed. A promising analytical approach based on anisotropic irm-13C-NMR spectrometry to potentially reveal the natural 13C/12C isotopic enantiofractionation effects in organic chiral molecules is proposed and discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Laghrib F, Hammani H, Farahi A, Lahrich S, Aboulkas A, El Mhammedi MA. Electrochemical Determination of Paracetamol in Blood and Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Activated Carbon Electrode. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193520120101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Julien M, Liégeois M, Höhener P, Paneth P, Remaud GS. Intramolecular non-covalent isotope effects at natural abundance associated with the migration of paracetamol in solid matrices during liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461932. [PMID: 33535117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Position-specific isotope analysis by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry was employed to study the 13C intramolecular isotopic fractionation associated with the migration of organic substrates through different stationary phases chromatography columns. Liquid chromatography is often used to isolate compounds prior to their isotope analysis and this purification step potentially alters the isotopic composition of target compounds introducing a bias in the later measured data. Moreover, results from liquid chromatography can yield the sorption parameters needed in reactive transport models that predict the transport and fate of organic contaminants to in the environment. The aim of this study was to use intramolecular isotope analysis to study both 13C and 15N isotope effects associated with the elution of paracetamol (acetaminophen) through different stationary phases and to compare them to effects observed previously for vanillin. Results showed very different intramolecular isotope fractionation profiles depending on the chemical structure of the stationary phase. The data also demonstrate that both the amplitude and the distribution of measured isotope effects depend on the nature of the non-covalent interactions involved in the migration process. Results provided by theoretical calculation performed during this study also confirmed the direct link between observed intramolecular isotope fractionation and the nature of involved intermolecular interactions. It is concluded that the nature of the stationary phase through which the substrate passes has a major impact on the intramolecular isotopic composition of organic compounds isolated by chromatography methods..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ōokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 Japan; Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, UMR 7376, place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Akoka S, Remaud GS. NMR-based isotopic and isotopomic analysis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 120-121:1-24. [PMID: 33198965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecules exist in different isotopic compositions and most of the processes, physical or chemical, in living systems cause selection between heavy and light isotopes. Thus, knowing the isotopic fractionation of the common atoms, such as H, C, N, O or S, at each step during a metabolic pathway allows the construction of a unique isotope profile that reflects its past history. Having access to the isotope abundance gives valuable clues about the (bio)chemical origin of biological or synthetic molecules. Whereas the isotope ratio measured by mass spectrometry provides a global isotope composition, quantitative NMR measures isotope ratios at individual positions within a molecule. We present here the requirements and the corresponding experimental strategies to use quantitative NMR for measuring intramolecular isotope profiles. After an introduction showing the historical evolution of NMR for measuring isotope ratios, the vocabulary and symbols - for describing the isotope content and quantifying its change - are defined. Then, the theoretical framework of very accurate quantitative NMR is presented as the principle of Isotope Ratio Measurement by NMR spectroscopy, including the practical aspects with nuclei other than 2H, that have been developed and employed to date. Lastly, the most relevant applications covering three issues, tackling counterfeiting, authentication, and forensic investigation, are presented, before giving some perspectives combining technical improvements and methodological approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Belugina RB, Monakhova YB, Rubtsova E, Becht A, Schollmayer C, Holzgrabe U, Legin AV, Kirsanov DO. Distinguishing paracetamol formulations: Comparison of potentiometric "Electronic Tongue" with established analytical techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113457. [PMID: 32663766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fast and inexpensive analytical tools for identification of the origin of pharmaceutical formulations are important to ensure consumers safety. This study explores the potential of potentiometric multisensor systems ("electronic tongues") in this type of application. 72 paracetamol samples purchased in different countries and produced by various companies were studied via infrared spectroscopy (IR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and multisensor system (ET). A variety of chemometric tools was applied to explore and compare the information yielded by these methods. It was found that ET is capable of distinguishing paracetamol formulations from different producers. The chemical information derived from potentiometric sensor responses has something in common with that derived from NIR and IR; however, it is orthogonal to that from NMR. ET can be a valuable tool in express quality assessment of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulia B Monakhova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; Spectral Service AG, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Rubtsova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia; Saratov State Medical University Named after V. I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Becht
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Curd Schollmayer
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrey V Legin
- ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry O Kirsanov
- ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Julien M, Gori D, Höhener P, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Intramolecular isotope effects during permanganate oxidation and acid hydrolysis of methyl tert-butyl ether. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125975. [PMID: 32007772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes have been widely used to monitor remediation of environmental contaminants over the last decades. This approach gives a good mechanistic description of natural or assisted degradation of organic pollutants, such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Since abiotic degradation seems to be the most promising assisted attenuation method, the isotopic fractionation associated with oxidation and hydrolysis processes need to be further investigated in order to understand better these processes and make their monitoring more efficient. In this study, position-specific isotope effects (PSIEs) associated with permanganate oxidation and acid hydrolysis of MTBE were determined using isotope ratio monitoring by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (irm-13C NMR) combined with isotope ratio monitoring by Mass Spectrometry (irm-MS). The use of this Position-Specific Isotopic Analysis (PSIA) method makes it possible to observe a specific normal isotope effect (IE) associated with each of these two abiotic degradation mechanisms. The present work demonstrates that the 13C isotope pattern of the main degradation product, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), depends on the chemical reaction by which it is produced. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that PSIA at natural abundance can give new insights into reaction mechanisms and that this methodology is very promising for the future of modeling the remediation of organic contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes, France.
| | - Didier Gori
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, UMR 7376, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, UMR 7376, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Joubert V, Trébuchet M, Mikic M, Silvestre V, Schiphorst A, Loquet D, Stemmelen A, Ladroue V, Besacier F, Akoka S, Remaud GS. Isotopomics by isotope ratio monitoring by
13
C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry on cutting agents in heroin: A new approach for illicit drugs trafficking route elucidation. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:449-457. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Joubert
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAMUniversity of Nantes‐CNRS UMR6230 Nantes France
| | - Matéo Trébuchet
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAMUniversity of Nantes‐CNRS UMR6230 Nantes France
| | - Mariana Mikic
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAMUniversity of Nantes‐CNRS UMR6230 Nantes France
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAMUniversity of Nantes‐CNRS UMR6230 Nantes France
| | - Anne‐Marie Schiphorst
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAMUniversity of Nantes‐CNRS UMR6230 Nantes France
| | - Denis Loquet
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAMUniversity of Nantes‐CNRS UMR6230 Nantes France
| | - Anaïs Stemmelen
- Institut National de Police Scientifique (INPS)Laboratoire de Lyon (LPS69) Ecully Cedex France
| | - Virginie Ladroue
- Institut National de Police Scientifique (INPS)Laboratoire de Lyon (LPS69) Ecully Cedex France
| | - Fabrice Besacier
- Institut National de Police Scientifique (INPS)Laboratoire de Lyon (LPS69) Ecully Cedex France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAMUniversity of Nantes‐CNRS UMR6230 Nantes France
| | - Gérald S. Remaud
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAMUniversity of Nantes‐CNRS UMR6230 Nantes France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Joubert V, Silvestre V, Ladroue V, Besacier F, Blondel P, Akoka S, Baguet E, Remaud GS. Forensic application of position-specific isotopic analysis of trinitrotoluene (TNT) by NMR to determine 13C and 15N intramolecular isotopic profiles. Talanta 2020; 213:120819. [PMID: 32200922 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a molecule which is easily identified with current instrumental techniques but it is generally impossible to distinguish between sources of the same substance (TNT). To overcome this difficulty, we present a multi stable isotope approach using isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry (irm-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry (irm-NMR). In the one hand, irm-MS provides bulk isotopic composition at natural abundance in 13C and 15N. The range of variation between samples is rather small particularly for 13C. In the other hand, irm-13C NMR and irm-15N NMR enable the determination of positional intramolecular 13C/12C ratios (δ13Ci) and 15N/14N ratios (δ15Ni) with high precision that lead to larger variation between samples. The present work reports an application of the recent methodology using irm-15N NMR to determine position-specific 15N isotope content of TNT. The interest of this methodology is compared to irm-13C NMR and irm-MS (13C and 15N) in terms of TNT samples discrimination. Thanks to the use of irm-NMR the results show a unique isotopic fingerprint for each TNT which enable origin discrimination between the samples without ambiguity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Joubert
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR6230, F-44322, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR6230, F-44322, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Ladroue
- Institut National de Police Scientifique, Laboratoire de Lyon, 31 avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Besacier
- Institut National de Police Scientifique, Laboratoire de Lyon, 31 avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Paule Blondel
- Institut National de Police Scientifique, Laboratoire de Lyon, 31 avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 69134, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR6230, F-44322, Nantes, France
| | - Evelyne Baguet
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR6230, F-44322, Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes, CNRS UMR6230, F-44322, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maouche N, Nessark B, Bakas I. Platinum electrode modified with polyterthiophene doped with metallic nanoparticles, as sensitive sensor for the electroanalysis of ascorbic acid (AA). ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
15
|
Cholesterol, a powerful 13C isotopic biomarker. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1089:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
16
|
Hoffman DW, Rasmussen C. Position-Specific Carbon Stable Isotope Ratios by Proton NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15661-15669. [PMID: 31697494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon stable isotopes provide insights into the origin and synthesis pathway of an organic molecule, and hence, contribute information that is fundamental to understanding chemical, physiological, and ecological processes. Organic carbon 13C/12C isotope ratios are commonly obtained as whole-molecule averages or as measurements of bulk samples. In contrast, position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) provides isotope ratios for the individual carbons within a molecule, providing additional information that is masked by traditional analytical techniques. Here we introduce a 1H NMR method for determining position-specific 13C/12C ratios within organic molecules. A peak shape superposition procedure is used to bypass the need for traditional peak integration, by exploiting relationships among the shapes of 1H and 13C satellite peaks in 1H NMR spectra. The method also has a significant sensitivity advantage over NMR methods that utilize direct detection of 13C. Furthermore, we demonstrate that isotope standard materials (such as those obtainable from U.S. Geological Survey) are indispensable in calibrating an NMR instrument, in order to obtain accurate isotope ratio results. Our analytical approach was applied to organic molecules of different complexity and origin, including ethanols, propionic acids, and thymidine. Results verify that chemically identical molecules from different sources can have different intramolecular isotope distributions; hence position-specific 13C/12C ratios provide an isotopic fingerprint of an organic molecule. Position-specific information for the nucleoside thymidine, where five of eight carbon positions were measured, is significant because its complexity would make it a difficult target for PSIA by mass spectrometry. The 1H NMR method is complementary to other methods of PSIA, and will make 13C/12C PSIA employable to a wider range of organic molecules.
Collapse
|
17
|
Moghadami R, Vessally E, Babazadeh M, Es’haghi M, Bekhradnia A. Electronic and Work Function-Based Sensors for Acetylsalicylic Acid Based on the AlN and BN Nanoclusters: DFT Studies. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Lawson G, Ogwu J, Tanna S. Quantitative screening of the pharmaceutical ingredient for the rapid identification of substandard and falsified medicines using reflectance infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202059. [PMID: 30096202 PMCID: PMC6086453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization suggests that approximately 10% of medicines worldwide are either falsified or substandard with higher figures in low and middle income countries. Such poor quality medicines can seriously harm patients and pose a threat to the economy worldwide. This study investigates attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as a simple and rapid method for determination of drug content in tablet dosage forms. Paracetamol was used as the model pharmaceutical ingredient. Spectra of standard mixtures of paracetamol with different excipients formed the basis for multivariate PLS based quantitative analysis of simulated tablet content using different selected infrared absorbance bands. Calibration methods using ATR-FTIR were compared with the ATR-FTIR and conventional ultraviolet spectroscopic analyses of real tablet samples and showed that the paracetamol/microcrystalline cellulose mixtures gave optimum results for all spectral bands tested. The quantitative data for band 1524-1493cm-1 was linear (R2 ˃ 0.98; LOQ ≥ 10%w/w tablet). Global examples of paracetamol tablets were tested using this protocol and 12% of the tablet samples examined was identified as substandard. Each sample analysis was completed in just a few minutes. ATR-FTIR can therefore be used in the rapid screening of tablet formulations. The simplicity of the proposed method makes it appropriate for use in low and middle income countries where analytical facilities are not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Lawson
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - John Ogwu
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sangeeta Tanna
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Joubert V, Silvestre V, Grand M, Loquet D, Ladroue V, Besacier F, Akoka S, Remaud GS. Full Spectrum Isotopic 13C NMR Using Polarization Transfer for Position-Specific Isotope Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8692-8699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Joubert
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Denis Loquet
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Ladroue
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Institut National de Police Scientifique, 31 avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 69134 Ecully CEDEX, France
| | - Fabrice Besacier
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Institut National de Police Scientifique, 31 avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 69134 Ecully CEDEX, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S. Remaud
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jézéquel T, Silvestre V, Dinis K, Giraudeau P, Akoka S. Optimized slice-selective 1H NMR experiments combined with highly accurate quantitative 13C NMR using an internal reference method. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 289:18-25. [PMID: 29448130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Isotope ratio monitoring by 13C NMR spectrometry (irm-13C NMR) provides the complete 13C intramolecular position-specific composition at natural abundance. It represents a powerful tool to track the (bio)chemical pathway which has led to the synthesis of targeted molecules, since it allows Position-specific Isotope Analysis (PSIA). Due to the very small composition range (which represents the range of variation of the isotopic composition of a given nuclei) of 13C natural abundance values (50‰), irm-13C NMR requires a 1‰ accuracy and thus highly quantitative analysis by 13C NMR. Until now, the conventional strategy to determine the position-specific abundance xi relies on the combination of irm-MS (isotopic ratio monitoring Mass Spectrometry) and 13C quantitative NMR. However this approach presents a serious drawback since it relies on two different techniques and requires to measure separately the signal of all the carbons of the analyzed compound, which is not always possible. To circumvent this constraint, we recently proposed a new methodology to perform 13C isotopic analysis using an internal reference method and relying on NMR only. The method combines a highly quantitative 1H NMR pulse sequence (named DWET) with a 13C isotopic NMR measurement. However, the recently published DWET sequence is unsuited for samples with short T1, which forms a serious limitation for irm-13C NMR experiments where a relaxing agent is added. In this context, we suggest two variants of the DWET called Multi-WET and Profiled-WET, developed and optimized to reach the same accuracy of 1‰ with a better immunity towards T1 variations. Their performance is evaluated on the determination of the 13C isotopic profile of vanillin. Both pulse sequences show a 1‰ accuracy with an increased robustness to pulse miscalibrations compared to the initial DWET method. This constitutes a major advance in the context of irm-13C NMR since it is now possible to perform isotopic analysis with high relaxing agent concentrations, leading to a strong reduction of the overall experiment time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangi Jézéquel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France.
| | | | - Katy Dinis
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Intramolecular 13C analysis of tree rings provides multiple plant ecophysiology signals covering decades. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5048. [PMID: 29567963 PMCID: PMC5864875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of carbon isotope contents of plant organic matter provide important information in diverse fields such as plant breeding, ecophysiology, biogeochemistry and paleoclimatology. They are currently based on 13C/12C ratios of specific, whole metabolites, but we show here that intramolecular ratios provide higher resolution information. In the glucose units of tree-ring cellulose of 12 tree species, we detected large differences in 13C/12C ratios (>10‰) among carbon atoms, which provide isotopically distinct inputs to major global C pools, including wood and soil organic matter. Thus, considering position-specific differences can improve characterisation of soil-to-atmosphere carbon fluxes and soil metabolism. In a Pinus nigra tree-ring archive formed from 1961 to 1995, we found novel 13C signals, and show that intramolecular analysis enables more comprehensive and precise signal extraction from tree rings, and thus higher resolution reconstruction of plants’ responses to climate change. Moreover, we propose an ecophysiological mechanism for the introduction of a 13C signal, which links an environmental shift to the triggered metabolic shift and its intramolecular 13C signature. In conclusion, intramolecular 13C analyses can provide valuable new information about long-term metabolic dynamics for numerous applications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Monakhova YB, Holzgrabe U, Diehl BW. Current role and future perspectives of multivariate (chemometric) methods in NMR spectroscopic analysis of pharmaceutical products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:580-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
24
|
Julien M, Höhener P, Robins RJ, Parinet J, Remaud GS. Position-Specific 13C Fractionation during Liquid–Vapor Transition Correlated to the Strength of Intermolecular Interaction in the Liquid Phase. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5810-5817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Aix Marseille
Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J. Robins
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- Aix Marseille
Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Gérald S. Remaud
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Trobbiani S, Stockham P, Scott T. Increasing the linear dynamic range in LC-MS: is it valid to use a less abundant isotopologue? Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1630-1636. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Trobbiani
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790; Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Peter Stockham
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790; Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
- Flinders University, Sturt Road; Bedford Park South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Timothy Scott
- Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790; Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
- Flinders University, Sturt Road; Bedford Park South Australia 5042 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jézéquel T, Joubert V, Giraudeau P, Remaud GS, Akoka S. The new face of isotopic NMR at natural abundance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:77-90. [PMID: 27921330 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used method for isotope analysis at natural abundance is isotope ratio monitoring by Mass Spectrometry (irm-MS) which provides bulk isotopic composition in 2 H, 13 C, 15 N, 18 O or 34 S. However, in the 1980s, the direct access to Site-specific Natural Isotope Fractionation by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNIF-NMRTM ) was immediately recognized as a powerful technique to authenticate the origin of natural or synthetic products. The initial - and still most popular - application consisted in detecting the chaptalization of wines by irm-2 H NMR. The approach has been extended to a wide range of methodologies over the last decade, paving the way to a wide range of applications, not only in the field of authentication but also to study metabolism. In particular, the emerging irm-13 C NMR approach delivers direct access to position-specific 13 C isotope content at natural abundance. After highlighting the application scope of irm-NMR (2 H and 13 C), this article describes the major improvements which made possible to reach the required accuracy of 1‰ (0.1%) in irm-13 C NMR. The last part of the manuscript summarizes the different steps to perform isotope analysis as a function of the sample properties (concentration, peak overlap) and the kind of targeted isotopic information (authentication, affiliation). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangi Jézéquel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Remaud GS, Akoka S. A review of flavors authentication by position-specific isotope analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry: the example of vanillin. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gérald S. Remaud
- Université de Nantes; CNRS Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM); UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F-44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes; CNRS Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse et Modélisation (CEISAM); UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 F-44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Romek KM, Remaud GS, Silvestre V, Paneth P, Robins RJ. Non-statistical 13C Fractionation Distinguishes Co-incident and Divergent Steps in the Biosynthesis of the Alkaloids Nicotine and Tropine. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16620-9. [PMID: 27288405 PMCID: PMC4974377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.734087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the biosynthesis of natural products, isotopic fractionation occurs due to the selectivity of enzymes for the heavier or lighter isotopomers. As only some of the positions in the molecule are implicated in a given reaction mechanism, position-specific fractionation occurs, leading to a non-statistical distribution of isotopes. This can be accessed by isotope ratio monitoring (13)C NMR spectrometry. The solanaceous alkaloids S-(-)-nicotine and hyoscyamine (atropine) are related in having a common intermediate, but downstream enzymatic steps diverge, providing a relevant test case to: (a) elucidate the isotopic affiliation between carbon atoms in the alkaloids and those in the precursors; (b) obtain information about the kinetic isotope effects of as yet undescribed enzymes, thus to make predictions as to their possible mechanism(s). We show that the position-specific (13)C/(12)C ratios in the different moieties of these compounds can satisfactorily be related to their known precursors and to the known kinetic isotope effects of enzymes involved in their biosynthesis, or to similar reaction mechanisms. Thus, the pathway to the common intermediate, N-methyl-Δ(1)-pyrrolinium, is seen to introduce similar isotope distribution patterns in the two alkaloids independent of plant species, whereas the remaining atoms of each target compound, which are of different origins, reflect their specific metabolic ancestry. We further demonstrate that the measured (13)C distribution pattern can be used to deduce aspects of the reaction mechanism of enzymes still to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Romek
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France and the Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łodź University of Technology, ul. Stefana Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France and
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France and
| | - Piotr Paneth
- the Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łodź University of Technology, ul. Stefana Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Richard J Robins
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Evaluation of on-line pyrolysis coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the determination of position-specific 13C isotope composition of short chain n-alkanes (C6–C12). Talanta 2016; 153:158-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
30
|
Monakhova YB, Diehl BW. Authentication of the origin of sucrose-based sugar products using quantitative natural abundance (13) C NMR. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2861-2866. [PMID: 26362834 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to possible falsification of sugar cane products with cheaper alternative (sugar beet) on the market, a simple analytical methodology needs to be developed to control the authenticity of sugar products. RESULTS A direct (13) C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method has been validated to differentiate between sucrose-based sugar products produced from sugar beet (C3 plant) and sugar cane (C4 plant). The method is based on calculating relative (13) C content of the C1, C2, C5, and the C1, C4, C5, C6 positions of the glycosyl and fructosyl moieties of the sucrose molecule, respectively. NMR acquisition parameters and data processing have been optimized to reach a high level of intraday and interday precision (<0.2%). Good linearity (R(2) = 0.93) was obtained for the beet sugar-cane sugar blends containing from 0 to 100 wt% of beet sugar. The method was applied to ten commercial sucrose-based sugar products of different botanical origin. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the relative peak areas for replicate measurements to visualize the difference between studied products. CONCLUSION The (13) C NMR method is a good alternative to complex isotope ratio mass spectrometry measurements for routine detection and semi-quantification of adulteration of commercial cane sugar (C4 plant) with less expensive beet sugar (C3 plant). © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia B Monakhova
- Spectral Service AG, 50996, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, 410012, Saratov, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chemometrics and the identification of counterfeit medicines-A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:112-22. [PMID: 27133184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides readers with a number of actual case studies dealing with verifying the authenticity of selected medicines supported by different chemometric approaches. In particular, a general data processing workflow is discussed with the major emphasis on the most frequently selected instrumental techniques to characterize drug samples and the chemometric methods being used to explore and/or model the analytical data. However, further discussion is limited to a situation in which the collected data describes two groups of drug samples - authentic ones and counterfeits.
Collapse
|
32
|
Julien M, Nun P, Robins RJ, Remaud GS, Parinet J, Höhener P. Insights into Mechanistic Models for Evaporation of Organic Liquids in the Environment Obtained by Position-Specific Carbon Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12782-8. [PMID: 26443423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Position-specific isotope effects (PSIEs) have been measured by isotope ratio monitoring (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry during the evaporation of 10 liquids of different polarities under 4 evaporation modes (passive evaporation, air-vented evaporation, low pressure evaporation, distillation). The observed effects are used to assess the validity of the Craig-Gordon isotope model for organic liquids. For seven liquids the overall isotope effect (IE) includes a vapor-liquid contribution that is strongly position-specific in polar compounds but less so in apolar compounds and a diffusive IE that is not position-specific, except in the alcohols, ethanol and propan-1-ol. The diffusive IE is diminished under forced evaporation. The position-specific isotope pattern created by liquid-vapor IEs is manifest in five liquids, which have an air-side limitation for volatilization. For the alcohols, undefined processes in the liquid phase create additional PSIEs. Three other liquids with limitations on the liquid side have a lower, highly position-specific, bulk diffusive IE. It is concluded that evaporation of organic pollutants creates unique position-specific isotope patterns that may be used to assess the progress of remediation or natural attenuation of pollution and that the Craig-Gordon isotope model is valid for the volatilization of nonpolar organic liquids with air-side limitation of the volatilization rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS FRE 3416 , place Victor Hugo 3, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS FRE 3416 , place Victor Hugo 3, F-13331 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gilevska T, Gehre M, Richnow HH. Multidimensional isotope analysis of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as tool for identification of the origin of ibuprofen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:410-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
34
|
Julien M, Nun P, Höhener P, Parinet J, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Enhanced forensic discrimination of pollutants by position-specific isotope analysis using isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 147:383-9. [PMID: 26592622 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In forensic environmental investigations the main issue concerns the inference of the original source of the pollutant for determining the liable party. Isotope measurements in geochemistry, combined with complimentary techniques for contaminant identification, have contributed significantly to source determination at polluted sites. In this work we have determined the intramolecular (13)C profiles of several molecules well-known as pollutants. By giving additional analytical parameters, position-specific isotope analysis performed by isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (irm-(13)C NMR) spectrometry gives new information to help in answering the major question: what is the origin of the detected contaminant? We have shown that isotope profiling of the core of a molecule reveals both the raw materials and the process used in its manufacture. It also can reveal processes occurring between the contamination site 'source' and the sampling site. Thus, irm-(13)C NMR is shown to be a very good complement to compound-specific isotope analysis currently performed by mass spectrometry for assessing polluted sites involving substantial spills of pollutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guyon F, van Leeuwen C, Gaillard L, Grand M, Akoka S, Remaud GS, Sabathié N, Salagoïty MH. Comparative study of ¹³C composition in ethanol and bulk dry wine using isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry and by nuclear magnetic resonance as an indicator of vine water status. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:9053-60. [PMID: 26438472 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential of wine (13)C isotope composition (δ(13)C) is presented to assess vine water status during grape ripening. Measurements of δ(13)C have been performed on a set of 32 authentic wines and their ethanol recovered after distillation. The data, obtained by isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry coupled to an elemental analyser (irm-EA/MS), show a high correlation between δ(13)C of the bulk wine and its ethanol, indicating that the distillation step is not necessary when the wine has not been submitted to any oenological treatment. Therefore, the ethanol/wine δ(13)C correlation can be used as an indicator of possible enrichment of the grape must or the wine with exogenous organic compounds. Wine ethanol δ(13)C is correlated to predawn leaf water potential (R(2) = 0.69), indicating that this parameter can be used as an indicator of vine water status. Position-specific (13)C analysis (PSIA) of ethanol extracted from wine, performed by isotope ratio monitoring by nuclear magnetic resonance (irm-(13)C NMR), confirmed the non-homogenous repartition of (13)C on ethanol skeleton. It is the δ(13)C of the methylene group of ethanol, compared to the methyl moiety, which is the most correlated to predawn leaf water potential, indicating that a phase of photorespiration of the vine during water stress period is most probably occurring due to stomata closure. However, position-specific (13)C analysis by irm-(13)C NMR does not offer a greater precision in the assessment of vine water status compared to direct measurement of δ(13)C on bulk wine by irm-EA/MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois Guyon
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France.
| | - Cornelis van Leeuwen
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, University of Bordeaux, ISVV, Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of Grapevines, UMR 1287, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laetitia Gaillard
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, UMR CNR6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, UMR CNR6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, UMR CNR6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Nathalie Sabathié
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Salagoïty
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Romek KM, Nun P, Remaud GS, Silvestre V, Taïwe GS, Lecerf-Schmidt F, Boumendjel A, De Waard M, Robins RJ. A retro-biosynthetic approach to the prediction of biosynthetic pathways from position-specific isotope analysis as shown for tramadol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8296-301. [PMID: 26106160 PMCID: PMC4500278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506011112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol, previously only known as a synthetic analgesic, has now been found in the bark and wood of roots of the African medicinal tree Nauclea latifolia. At present, no direct evidence is available as to the biosynthetic pathway of its unusual skeleton. To provide guidance as to possible biosynthetic precursors, we have adopted a novel approach of retro-biosynthesis based on the position-specific distribution of isotopes in the extracted compound. Relatively recent developments in isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C NMR spectrometry make possible the measurement of the nonstatistical position-specific natural abundance distribution of (13)C (δ(13)Ci) within the molecule with better than 1‰ precision. Very substantial variation in the (13)C positional distribution is found: between δ(13)Ci = -11 and -53‰. Distribution is not random and it is argued that the pattern observed can substantially be interpreted in relation to known causes of isotope fractionation in natural products. Thus, a plausible biosynthetic scheme based on sound biosynthetic principals of precursor-substrate relationships can be proposed. In addition, data obtained from the (18)O/(16)O ratios in the oxygen atoms of the compound add support to the deductions made from the carbon isotope analysis. This paper shows how the use of (13)C NMR at natural abundance can help with proposing a biosynthetic route to compounds newly found in nature or those difficult to tackle by conventional means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Romek
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes Unité Mixte de Recherche 6230, F-44322 Nantes, France; Laboratory for Isotope Effects Studies, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pierrick Nun
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes Unité Mixte de Recherche 6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes Unité Mixte de Recherche 6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes Unité Mixte de Recherche 6230, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | | | - Florine Lecerf-Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes-CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes-CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Unit Inserm U836, F-38700 La Tronche, France; University Joseph Fourier, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes Unité Mixte de Recherche 6230, F-44322 Nantes, France;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Diomande DG, Martineau E, Gilbert A, Nun P, Murata A, Yamada K, Watanabe N, Tea I, Robins RJ, Yoshida N, Remaud GS. Position-Specific Isotope Analysis of Xanthines: A 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method to Determine the 13C Intramolecular Composition at Natural Abundance. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6600-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didier G. Diomande
- EBSI
team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling
(CEISAM), University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 cedex 3 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Martineau
- EBSI
team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling
(CEISAM), University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 cedex 3 Nantes, France
- Spectromaitrise, CAPACITÉS SAS, 26 boulevard Vincent Gâche, 44200 Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Gilbert
- Earth-Life
Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI
team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling
(CEISAM), University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 cedex 3 Nantes, France
| | - Ariaki Murata
- Institute
of Food Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Schleinitzstrasse
20, DE-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Keita Yamada
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naoharu Watanabe
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Illa Tea
- EBSI
team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling
(CEISAM), University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 cedex 3 Nantes, France
| | - Richard J. Robins
- EBSI
team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling
(CEISAM), University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 cedex 3 Nantes, France
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Earth-Life
Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Gérald S. Remaud
- EBSI
team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modelling
(CEISAM), University of Nantes, CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 cedex 3 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bayle K, Akoka S, Remaud GS, Robins RJ. Nonstatistical 13C distribution during carbon transfer from glucose to ethanol during fermentation is determined by the catabolic pathway exploited. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4118-28. [PMID: 25538251 PMCID: PMC4326821 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the anaerobic fermentation of glucose to ethanol, the three micro-organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides exploit, respectively, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, the Entner-Doudoroff, and the reductive pentose phosphate pathways. Thus, the atoms incorporated into ethanol do not have the same affiliation to the atomic positions in glucose. The isotopic fractionation occurring in each pathway at both the methylene and methyl positions of ethanol has been investigated by isotopic quantitative (13)C NMR spectrometry with the aim of observing whether an isotope redistribution characteristic of the enzymes active in each pathway can be measured. First, it is found that each pathway has a unique isotope redistribution signature. Second, for the methylene group, a significant apparent kinetic isotope effect is only found in the reductive pentose phosphate pathway. Third, the apparent kinetic isotope effects related to the methyl group are more pronounced than for the methylene group. These findings can (i) be related to known kinetic isotope effects of some of the enzymes concerned and (ii) give indicators as to which steps in the pathways are likely to be influencing the final isotopic composition in the ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bayle
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, UMR 6230, CNRS-University of Nantes, BP 99208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, UMR 6230, CNRS-University of Nantes, BP 99208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, UMR 6230, CNRS-University of Nantes, BP 99208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, UMR 6230, CNRS-University of Nantes, BP 99208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Conditions to obtain precise and true measurements of the intramolecular 13C distribution in organic molecules by isotopic 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 846:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Chaintreau A, Fieber W, Sommer H, Gilbert A, Yamada K, Yoshida N, Pagelot A, Moskau D, Moreno A, Schleucher J, Reniero F, Holland M, Guillou C, Silvestre V, Akoka S, Remaud GS. Site-specific 13C content by quantitative isotopic 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry: A pilot inter-laboratory study. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 788:108-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Martineau E, Akoka S, Boisseau R, Delanoue B, Giraudeau P. Fast quantitative 1H-13C two-dimensional NMR with very high precision. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4777-83. [PMID: 23581575 DOI: 10.1021/ac4005309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) requires highly precise measurements to achieve reliable quantification. It is particularly true in (13)C site-specific natural isotope fractionation studied by nuclear magnetic resonance, where the range of values of (13)C isotopic deviations at natural abundance is highly restricted. Consequently, an NMR method capable of measuring δ(13)C ‰ values with a very high precision (a few per mil) is indispensable. This high degree of precision has already been achieved by one-dimensional (13)C acquisitions; however, this approach is limited by peak overlaps which reduce the precision of the isotope content determination, even for certain small molecules. It is therefore necessary to extend this promising methodology to a higher dimensionality. In this context, this paper aims at determining conditions that allow the achievement of two-dimensional (2D) (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear experiments with a precision of a few per mil in a reasonable time. Our results demonstrate that a high precision (repeatability of 2 per mil) can be reached with the (1)H-(13)C HSQC (Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation) experiment, thus satisfying the conditions needed to perform (13)C isotope analysis by 2D NMR. We also consider the impact of several approaches which have been proposed to reduce the duration of heteronuclear 2D experiments. Two of these common time-saving strategies, spectral aliasing and linear prediction, are fully compatible with the high-precision requirements of isotopic NMR, while a third one, nonuniform sampling, leads to dramatic precision losses. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of very precise 2D NMR measurements and opens a number of application perspectives.
Collapse
|
42
|
Gupta VK, Jain AK, Shoora SK. Multiwall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode as voltammetric sensor for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and caffeine. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
43
|
Remaud GS, Bussy U, Lees M, Thomas F, Desmurs JR, Jamin E, Silvestre V, Akoka S. NMR spectrometry isotopic fingerprinting: A tool for the manufacturer for tracking Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients from starting materials to final medicines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:464-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
44
|
Voltammetric determination of penicillin V in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using a boron-doped diamond electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 88:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
45
|
Gilbert A, Hattori R, Silvestre V, Wasano N, Akoka S, Hirano S, Yamada K, Yoshida N, Remaud GS. Comparison of IRMS and NMR spectrometry for the determination of intramolecular 13C isotope composition: application to ethanol. Talanta 2012; 99:1035-9. [PMID: 22967659 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Isotopic (13)C NMR is a relatively recent technique which allows the determination of intramolecular (13)C isotope composition at natural abundance. It has been used in various scientific fields such as authentication, counterfeiting or plant metabolism. Although its precision has already been evaluated, the determination of its trueness remains still challenging. To deal with that issue, a comparison with another normalized technique must be achieved. In this work, we compare the intramolecular (13)C isotope distribution of ethanol from different origins obtained using both Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry techniques. The IRMS approach consists of the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid followed by the degradation of the latter for the analysis of each fragments formed. We show here that the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid does not bring any significant error on the determination of the site-specific δ(13)C (δ(13)C(i)) of ethanol using the IRMS approach. The difference between the data obtained for 16 samples from different origins using IRMS and NMR approaches is not statistically significant and remains below 0.3‰. These results are encouraging for the future studies using isotopic NMR, especially in combination with the IRMS approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lindsey JS, Thamyongkit P, Taniguchi M, Bocian DF. Encoding isotopic watermarks in molecular electronic materials as an anti-counterfeiting strategy: Application to porphyrins for information storage. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611003458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An approach for information storage employs tetrapyrrole macrocycles as charge-storage elements attached to a (semi)conductor in hybrid chips. Anti-counterfeiting measures must cohere with the tiny amounts of such electroactive material and strict constraints on composition in chips; accordingly, the incorporation of typical anti-counterfeiting taggants or microcarriers is precluded. The provenance of the tetrapyrroles can be established through the use of isotopic substitution integral to the macrocycle. The isotopic substitution can be achieved by rational site-specific incorporation or by combinatorial procedures. The formation of a mixture of such macrocycles with various isotopic composition (isotopically unmodified, isotopologues, isotopomers) provides the molecular equivalent of an indelible printed watermark. Resonance Raman spectroscopic examination can reveal the watermark, but not the underlying molecular and isotopic composition; imaging mass spectrometry can reveal the presence of isotopologues but cannot discriminate among isotopomers. Hence, deciphering the code that encrypts the watermark in an attempt at forgery is expected to be prohibitive. A brief overview is provided of strategies for incorporating isotopes in meso-substituted tetrapyrrole macrocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Patchanita Thamyongkit
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Höhener P, Silvestre V, Lefrançois A, Loquet D, Botosoa EP, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Analytical model for site-specific isotope fractionation in 13C during sorption: determination by isotopic 13C NMR spectrometry with vanillin as model compound. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:445-452. [PMID: 22230728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conceive a reactive transport model capable of providing quantitative site-specific enrichment factors for fractionation in (13)C isotopic content during sorption. As test compound the model treats vanillin, for which the (13)C isotopic content at natural abundance at each of the 8 carbon positions can be measured by quantitative (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. This technique determines the isotope ratios with a resolution better than ±1‰ (0.1%) at each carbon position. Site-specific isotope fractionations were recorded in chromatography column experiments with silica RP-18 as stationary phase. The one dimensional reactive transport model accounted for the sorption/desorption behavior of 8 individual (13)C-isotopomers and one (12)C-isotopomer of vanillin and reproduced satisfactorily the bulk (average over the whole compound) fractionation observed during elution. After model calibration, the enrichment factors were fitted for each carbon site where a significant fractionation was recorded. To show the interest of such a transport model for environmental studies, the model, extended to three dimensions, was exploited to simulate reactive transport in an aquifer. These results show that significant (13)C isotope fractionation is expected for 4 out of 8 (13)C-isotopomers in vanillin, and illustrate that bulk isotope ratios measured by conventional compound specific isotope analysis and mass spectrometry would hardly document significant isotope fractionations in vanillin. It is concluded that modeling of site-specific isotope ratios in molecules is a priori feasible and may help to quantify unknown processes in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Höhener
- Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Provence, UMR 6264, Case 29, 3, Place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bussy U, Thibaudeau C, Thomas F, Desmurs JR, Jamin E, Remaud GS, Silvestre V, Akoka S. Isotopic finger-printing of active pharmaceutical ingredients by 13C NMR and polarization transfer techniques as a tool to fight against counterfeiting. Talanta 2011; 85:1909-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
49
|
Sacré PY, Deconinck E, Daszykowski M, Courselle P, Vancauwenberghe R, Chiap P, Crommen J, De Beer JO. Impurity fingerprints for the identification of counterfeit medicines—A feasibility study. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 701:224-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
50
|
Gilbert A, Silvestre V, Segebarth N, Tcherkez G, Guillou C, Robins RJ, Akoka S, Remaud GS. The intramolecular ¹³C-distribution in ethanol reveals the influence of the CO₂ -fixation pathway and environmental conditions on the site-specific ¹³C variation in glucose. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:1104-1112. [PMID: 21410708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to understand the cause of ¹²C versus ¹³C isotope fractionation in plants during photosynthesis and post-photosynthetic metabolism are frustrated by the lack of data on the intramolecular ¹³C-distribution in metabolites and its variation with environmental conditions. We have exploited isotopic carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) spectrometry to measure the positional isotope composition (δ¹³C(i) , ‰) in ethanol samples from different origins: European wines, liquors and sugars from C₃, C₄ and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants. In C₃-ethanol samples, the methylene group was always ¹³C-enriched (∼2‰) relative to the methyl group. In wines, this pattern was correlated with both air temperature and δ(18)O of wine water, indicating that water vapour deficit may be a critical defining factor. Furthermore, in C₄-ethanol, the reverse relationship was observed (methylene-C relatively ¹³C-depleted), supporting the concept that photorespiration is the key metabolic process leading to the ¹³C distribution in C₃-ethanol. By contrast, in CAM-ethanol, the isotopic pattern was similar to but stronger than C₃-ethanol, with a relative ¹³C-enrichment in the methylene-C of up to 13‰. Plausible causes of this ¹³C-pattern are briefly discussed. As the intramolecular δ¹³C(i) -values in ethanol reflect that in source glucose, our data point out the crucial impact on the ratio of metabolic pathways sustaining glucose synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gilbert
- 1Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis,Analysis, Modelling (CEISAM), University of Nantes – CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de laHoussinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|