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Alalawneh M, Awaisu A, Abdallah I, Elewa H, Danjuma M, Matar KM, ElKashlan AM, Elshayep Y, Ibrahim F, Rachid O. Pharmacokinetics of single-dose rivaroxaban under fed state in obese vs. non-obese subjects: An open-label controlled clinical trial (RIVOBESE-PK). Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13853. [PMID: 38847347 PMCID: PMC11157419 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The evidence of rivaroxaban's pharmacokinetics in obese compared with non-obese populations remains inconclusive. We aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of rivaroxaban between obese and non-obese populations under fed state. Participants who met the study's eligibility criteria were assigned into one of two groups: obese (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2) or non-obese (body mass index 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). A single dose of rivaroxaban 20 mg was orally administered to each participant. Nine blood samples over 48 h, and multiple urine samples over 18 h were collected and analyzed for rivaroxaban concentration using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using WinNonlin software. Thirty-six participants were recruited into the study. No significant changes were observed between obese and non-obese participants in peak plasma concentration, time to reach peak plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve over 48 h or to infinity, elimination rate constant, half-life, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance, and fraction of drug excreted unchanged in urine over 18 h. Rivaroxaban's exposure was similar between the obese and non-obese subjects, and there were no significant differences in other pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups. These results suggest that dose adjustment for rivaroxaban is probably unwarranted in the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- College of Pharmacy, Health SectorQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Ibtihal Abdallah
- Internal Medicine, Hamad General HospitalHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Hazem Elewa
- College of Pharmacy, Health SectorQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Mohammed Danjuma
- Internal Medicine, Hamad General HospitalHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
- College of Medicine, Health SectorQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Kamal M. Matar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of PharmacyKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Akram M. ElKashlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Sadat CitySadat CityEgypt
- International Center for Bioavailability, Pharmaceutical, and Clinical ResearchCairoEgypt
| | - Yasser Elshayep
- International Center for Bioavailability, Pharmaceutical, and Clinical ResearchCairoEgypt
| | - Fathy Ibrahim
- International Center for Bioavailability, Pharmaceutical, and Clinical ResearchCairoEgypt
- Faculty of PharmacyAl‐Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Ousama Rachid
- College of Pharmacy, Health SectorQatar UniversityDohaQatar
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2
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Chougule M, Sirvi A, Saini V, Kashyap M, Sangamwar AT. Enhanced biopharmaceutical performance of brick dust molecule nilotinib via stabilized amorphous nanosuspension using a facile acid-base neutralization approach. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2503-2519. [PMID: 37024611 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
"Brick dust" compounds have high lattice energy as manifested by the poor aqueous solubility and suboptimal bioavailability. Nilotinib being a weakly basic brick dust molecule exhibits erratic and limited absorption during gastrointestinal transit, attributed to pre-absorptive factors like pH-dependent solubility, poor dissolution kinetics, and post-absorptive factors including P-gp-mediated drug efflux. In our study, these problems are addressed holistically by the successful fabrication of amorphous nanosuspension by an acid-base neutralization approach. The nanosuspension was obtained via rapid precipitation of nilotinib in an amorphous form and the generated in situ sodium chloride salt assisted in stabilizing the drug-loaded nanosuspension in a cage of salt and micellar stabilizer. Soluplus® and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) were employed as a novel combination of stabilizers. Systematic optimization was carried out by employing the I-optimal method using Design Expert® software with a concentration of HPMCAS and Soluplus® as independent variables and evaluating them for responses viz particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The resultant nanosuspension showed a mean particle size of 130.5 ± 1.22 nm with a PDI value of 0.27 ± 0.01, and a zeta potential of - 5.21 ± 0.91 mV. The nanosuspension was further characterized for morphology, dissolution, and in vivo pharmacokinetics study. X-ray powder diffraction study of the nano-formulation displayed a halo pattern revealing the amorphous form. Stability studies showed that the nanosuspension remained stable at 40 °C ± 2 °C and 75% RH ± 5% RH for a period of three months. In vitro drug release and solubility study showed threefold and 36-fold enhancement in dissolution and solubility of the nanosuspension. Furthermore, an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in Sprague-Dawley rats following oral administration displayed a 1.46-fold enhancement in the relative bioavailability of the nanosuspension in contrast to neat nilotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Formulations, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Arvind Sirvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Vanshul Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Mahesh Kashyap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Yamamoto H, Shanker R, Sugano K. Application of Population Balance Model to Simulate Precipitation of Weak Base and Zwitterionic Drugs in Gastrointestinal pH Environment. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2266-2275. [PMID: 36929729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the population balance model (PBM) could be a suitable model for the precipitation of weak base and zwitterionic drugs in the gastrointestinal pH environment. Five poorly soluble drugs were used as model drugs (dipyridamole, haloperidol, papaverine, phenazopyridine, and tosufloxacin). PBM consists of the equations for primary nucleation, secondary nucleation, and particle growth. Each equation has two empirical parameters. The pH shift (pH-dumping) precipitation test (pH 3.0 to 6.5) was used to determine the model parameters for each drug. It was difficult to determine all six parameters by simultaneously fitting them to the precipitation profiles. Therefore, the number of model parameters was reduced from six to three by neglecting the secondary nucleation process and applying a common exponent number for the particle growth equation. Despite reducing the parameter number, PBM appropriately described the precipitation profiles in the pH shift tests. The constructed PBM model was then used to predict the precipitation profiles in an artificial stomach-intestine transfer (ASIT) test. PBM appropriately predicted the precipitation profiles in the ASIT test. These results suggested that PBM can be a suitable model to represent the precipitation of weak base and zwitterionic drugs in the gastrointestinal pH environment for biopharmaceutics modeling and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Yamamoto
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ravi Shanker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, 280 Shennecossett Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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4
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da Rosa Salles T, Schnorr C, da Silva Bruckmann F, Cassol Vicensi E, Rossato Viana A, Passaglia Schuch A, de Jesus da Silva Garcia W, F. O. Silva L, Harres de Oliveira A, Roberto Mortari S, Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden C. Effective Diuretic Drug Uptake Employing Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes Derivatives: Adsorption study and In vitro Geno-Cytotoxic Assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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5
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Oliveira Vargas G, Schnorr C, Bastista Nunes F, da Rosa Salles T, Zancan Tonel M, Binotto Fagan S, Zanella da Silva I, F. O. Silva L, Roberto Mortari S, Luiz Dotto G, Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden C. Highly Furosemide Uptake Employing Magnetic Graphene Oxide: DFT modeling Combined to Experimental Approach. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Katona MT, Nagy-Katona L, Szabó R, Borbás E, Tonka-Nagy P, Takács-Novák K. Multi-Compartmental Dissolution Method, an Efficient Tool for the Development of Enhanced Bioavailability Formulations Containing Poorly Soluble Acidic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030753. [PMID: 36986614 PMCID: PMC10051608 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS), a multi-compartmental dissolution model, to predict the in vivo performance of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class IIa compounds. As the bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble drugs requires a thorough understanding of the desired formulation, the appropriate in vitro modelling of the absorption mechanism is essential. Four immediate release ibuprofen 200 mg formulations were tested in the GIS using fasted biorelevant media. In addition to the free acid form, ibuprofen was present as sodium and lysine salts in tablets and as a solution in soft-gelatin capsules. In the case of rapid-dissolving formulations, the dissolution results indicated supersaturation in the gastric compartment, which affected the resulting concentrations in the duodenum and the jejunum as well. In addition, a Level A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) model was established using published in vivo data, and then the plasma concentration profiles of each formulation were simulated. The predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with the statistical output of the published clinical study. In conclusion, the GIS method was found to be superior compared to the traditional USP method. In the future, the method can be useful for formulation technologists to find the optimal technique to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble acidic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Tamás Katona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lili Nagy-Katona
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rakpart, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Szabó
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rakpart, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Tonka-Nagy
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Novák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
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Stamatopoulos K, Ferrini P, Nguyen D, Zhang Y, Butler JM, Hall J, Mistry N. Integrating In Vitro Biopharmaceutics into Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutic Model (PBBM) to Predict Food Effect of BCS IV Zwitterionic Drug (GSK3640254). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020521. [PMID: 36839843 PMCID: PMC9965536 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A strategy followed to integrate in vitro solubility and permeability data into a PBBM model to predict the food effect of a BCS IV zwitterionic drug (GSK3640254) observed in clinical studies is described. The PBBM model was developed, qualified and verified using clinical data of an immediate release (IR)-tablet (10-320 mg) obtained in healthy volunteers under fasted and fed conditions. The solubility of GSK3640254 was a function of its ionization state, the media composition and pH, whereas its permeability determined using MDCK cell lines was enhanced by the presence of mixed micelles. In vitro data alongside PBBM modelling suggested that the positive food effect observed in the clinical studies was attributed to micelle-mediated enhanced solubility and permeability. The biorelevant media containing oleic acid and cholesterol in fasted and fed levels enabled the model to appropriately capture the magnitude of the food effect. Thus, by using Simcyp® v20 software, the PBBM model accurately predicted the results of the food effect and predicted data were within a two-fold error with 70% being within 1.25-fold. The developed model strategy can be effectively adopted to increase the confidence of using PBBM models to predict the food effect of BCS class IV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stamatopoulos
- Biopharmaceutics, DPD, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Ferrini
- Analytical Platform and Platform Modernisation, Analytical Development, DPD, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Dung Nguyen
- IVIVT DMPK Research, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling and Simulation, GSK, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - James M. Butler
- Biopharmaceutics, DPD, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Jon Hall
- Analytical Development, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Nena Mistry
- Biopharmaceutics, DPD, MDS, GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware SG12 0DP, UK
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8
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Csicsák D, Szolláth R, Kádár S, Ambrus R, Bartos C, Balogh E, Antal I, Köteles I, Tőzsér P, Bárdos V, Horváth P, Borbás E, Takács-Novák K, Sinkó B, Völgyi G. The Effect of the Particle Size Reduction on the Biorelevant Solubility and Dissolution of Poorly Soluble Drugs with Different Acid-Base Character. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010278. [PMID: 36678907 PMCID: PMC9865396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle size reduction is a commonly used process to improve the solubility and the dissolution of drug formulations. The solubility of a drug in the gastrointestinal tract is a crucial parameter, because it can greatly influence the bioavailability. This work provides a comprehensive investigation of the effect of the particle size, pH, biorelevant media and polymers (PVA and PVPK-25) on the solubility and dissolution of drug formulations using three model compounds with different acid-base characteristics (papaverine hydrochloride, furosemide and niflumic acid). It was demonstrated that micronization does not change the equilibrium solubility of a drug, but it results in a faster dissolution. In contrast, nanonization can improve the equilibrium solubility of a drug, but the selection of the appropriate excipient used for nanonization is essential, because out of the two used polymers, only the PVPK-25 had an increasing effect on the solubility. This phenomenon can be explained by the molecular structure of the excipients. Based on laser diffraction measurements, PVPK-25 could also inhibit the aggregation of the particles more effectively than PVA, but none of the polymers could hold the nanonized samples in the submicron range until the end of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Csicsák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Szolláth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabina Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös Street, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Bartos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös Street, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Balogh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Köteles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Tőzsér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Bárdos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Novák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Sinkó
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook Street, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Gergely Völgyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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9
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Meng Y, Tan F, Yao J, Cui Y, Feng Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Gong W, Yang M, Kong X, Gao C. Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban cocrystals with enhanced in vitro and in vivo properties in beagle dogs. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100119. [PMID: 35663355 PMCID: PMC9160491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rivaroxaban (RIV) is a direct Factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant, but the oral bioavailability of RIV is estimated to be only 60% due to its poor solubility. The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and bioavailability of RIV. Five cocrystals—p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DBA), nicotinamide (NA), isonicotinamide (IA), and succinic acid (SA)—were used as cofomers and were successfully obtained and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. RIV-DBA and RIV-HBA cocrystals showed obvious improvements in solubility, dissolution (under sink conditions), and intrinsic dissolution rates versus RIV. Moreover, the dissolution of RIV-HBA, RIV-DBA, and RIV-SA cocrystals under non-sink conditions showed obvious “spring and parachute” patterns. The in vitro permeability levels in a Caco-2 cell model of RIV-DBA and RIV-IA cocrystals were significantly improved versus RIV. Pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs showed that RIV-DBA and RIV-HBA cocrystals had higher bioavailability than RIV. The enhancements in solubility and bioavailability indicate the potential of RIV cocrystals as a better candidate for the treatment of thrombosis versus RIV.
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Ngo LT, Yang S, Shin S, Cao DT, Van Nguyen H, Jung S, Lee J, Lee J, Yun H, Chae J. Application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model approach to predict pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction of rivaroxaban: A case study of rivaroxaban and carbamazepine. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:1430-1442. [PMID: 36193622 PMCID: PMC9662201 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rivaroxaban (RIV; Xarelto; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Beerse, Belgium) is one of the direct oral anticoagulants. The drug is a strong substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and efflux transporters. This study aimed to develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for RIV. It contained three hepatic metabolizing enzyme reactions (CYP3A4, CYP2J2, and CYP-independent) and two active transporter-mediated transfers (P-gp and BCRP transporters). To illustrate the performance of the developed RIV PBPK model on the prediction of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), carbamazepine (CBZ) was selected as a case study due to the high DDI potential. Our study results showed that CBZ significantly reduces the exposure of RIV. The area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUCinf ) of RIV was reduced by 35.2% (from 2221.3 to 1438.7 ng*h/ml) and by 25.5% (from 2467.3 to 1838.4 ng*h/ml) after the first dose and at the steady-state, respectively, whereas the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of RIV was reduced by 37.7% (from 266.3 to 166.1 ng/ml) and 36.4% (from 282.3 to 179.5 ng/ml), respectively. The developed PBPK model of RIV could be paired with PBPK models of other interested perpetrators to predict DDI profiles. Further studies investigating the extent of DDI between CBZ and RIV should be conducted in humans to gain a full understanding of their safety and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Thi Ngo
- College of PharmacyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Sung‐yoon Yang
- College of PharmacyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | | | - Duc Tuan Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality ControlFaculty of Pharmacy, Haiphong University Medicine and PharmacyHaiphongVietnam
| | - Hung Van Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyHaiphong University Medicine and PharmacyHaiphongVietnam
| | - Sangkeun Jung
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jae‐Young Lee
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jong‐Hwa Lee
- Korea Institute of ToxicologyDaejeonKorea,Department of Human and Environment ToxicologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Hwi‐yeol Yun
- College of PharmacyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jung‐woo Chae
- College of PharmacyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
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11
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Aoudjit L, Salazar H, Zioui D, Sebti A, Martins PM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Solar Photocatalytic Membranes: An Experimental and Artificial Neural Network Modeling Approach for Niflumic Acid Degradation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12090849. [PMID: 36135867 PMCID: PMC9504027 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), such as pharmaceuticals, in water sources is one of the main concerns nowadays due to their hazardous properties causing severe effects on human health and ecosystem biodiversity. Niflumic acid (NFA) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug, and it is known for its non-biodegradability and resistance to chemical and biological degradation processes. In this work, a 10 wt.% TiO2/PVDF-TrFE nanocomposite membrane (NCM) was prepared by the solvent casting technique, fully characterized, and implemented on an up-scaled photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR). The photocatalytic activity of the NCM was evaluated on NFA degradation under different experimental conditions, including NFA concentration, pH of the media, irradiation time and intensity. The NCM demonstrated a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency on NFA degradation, as efficiency of 91% was achieved after 6 h under solar irradiation at neutral pH. The NCM proved effective in long-term use, with maximum efficiency losses of 7%. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was designed to model NFA's photocatalytic degradation behavior, demonstrating a good agreement between experimental and predicted data, with an R2 of 0.98. The relative significance of each experimental condition was evaluated, and the irradiation time proved to be the most significant parameter affecting the NFA degradation efficiency. The designed ANN model provides a reliable framework l for modeling the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/PVDF-TrFE and related NCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Aoudjit
- Unité de Développement des Équipements Solaires, UDES/Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou Ismail 42415, Algeria
| | - Hugo Salazar
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LaPMET—Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre/Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Djamila Zioui
- Unité de Développement des Équipements Solaires, UDES/Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou Ismail 42415, Algeria
| | - Aicha Sebti
- Unité de Développement des Équipements Solaires, UDES/Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, CDER, Bou Ismail 42415, Algeria
| | - Pedro Manuel Martins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation on Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Ge K, Ji Y. A thermodynamic approach for predicting thermodynamic phase behaviors of pharmaceuticals in biorelevant media. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Hriňová E, Skořepová E, Čerňa I, Královičová J, Kozlík P, Křížek T, Roušarová J, Ryšánek P, Šíma M, Slanař O, Šoóš M. Explaining dissolution properties of rivaroxaban cocrystals. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121854. [PMID: 35623488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve rivaroxaban water-solubility by cocrystal preparation and to understand this process. The screening with water-soluble coformers was performed via both mechanochemical and solution-mediated techniques. Two cocrystals of rivaroxaban with malonic acid and oxalic acid were prepared, and the structure of the cocrystal with oxalic acid was solved. Both cocrystals exhibit improved dissolution properties. The mechanism of the supersaturation maintenance was studied by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. The transformation into rivaroxaban dihydrate was identified as the critical step in the improved dissolution properties of both cocrystals. Moreover, the transformation kinetics and solubilization effects of the coformers were identified as responsible for the differences in the dissolution behavior of the cocrystals. In-vivo experiments proved that the use of cocrystal instead of form I of free API helped to increase the bioavailability ofrivaroxaban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hriňová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliška Skořepová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic; Department of Structure Analysis, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Čerňa
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Královičová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Roušarová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ryšánek
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šíma
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šoóš
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic
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de Andrade RP, Caldeira TG, Vasques BV, Morais Ruela AL, de Souza J. Biopharmaceutics considerations for direct oral anticoagulants. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1881-1894. [PMID: 35377263 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2062377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been clinically used in the treatment of coagulation disorders. There are four DOACs approved since 2010 (dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban), and they were designed to overcome the practical limitations of VKA. This review summarized biopharmaceutics considerations about DOACs, which are critically discussed, applying risk analyses to subside the further classification of these drugs according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). These discussions included data compiled about physicochemical properties, equilibrium solubility, permeability, and drug dissolution of DOACs. From the biopharmaceutics characteristics is possible to identify critical variables related to the absorption process, which can help in the design of new formulations. The data were compared with the criteria recommended by regulatory agencies for the biopharmaceutics classification according to the BCS. From that, these data may be used to discuss the approval of generic medicines by the BCS-based biowaiver, and the clinical risks arising from novel formulations with DOACs. However, although there are indications of biopharmaceutics classifications for DOACs, conclusive information to classify these compounds according to the BCS is lacking, requiring more experimental studies to achieve this aim. Conclusive information is essential for a safe decision about the biowaiver, as well as to guide the development of new formulations containing the DOACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pereira de Andrade
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamires Guedes Caldeira
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Vasconcelos Vasques
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luís Morais Ruela
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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15
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On Absorption Modeling and Food Effect Prediction of Rivaroxaban, a BCS II Drug Orally Administered as an Immediate-Release Tablet. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020283. [PMID: 33672439 PMCID: PMC7923293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work evaluates the food effect on the absorption of rivaroxaban (Riva), a BCS II drug, from the orally administered commercial immediate-release tablet (Xarelto IR) using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and conventional in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) models. The bioavailability of Riva upon oral administration of Xarelto IR tablet is reported to exhibit a positive food effect. The PBPK model for Riva was developed and verified using the previously reported in vivo data for oral solution (5 and 10 mg) and Xarelto IR tablet (5 and 10 mg dose strength). Once the PBPK model was established, the in vivo performance of the tablet formulation with the higher dose strength (Xarelto IR tablet 20 mg in fasted and fed state) was predicted using the experimentally obtained data of in vitro permeability, biorelevant solubility and in vitro dynamic dissolution data using United States Pharmacopeia (USP) IV flow-through cell apparatus. In addition, the mathematical IVIVC model was developed using the in vitro dissolution and in vivo profile of 20 mg strength Xarelto IR tablet in fasted condition. Using the developed IVIVC model, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of the Xarelto IR tablet in fed condition was predicted and compared with the PK parameters obtained via the PBPK model. A virtual in vivo PK study was designed using a single-dose, 3-treatment cross-over trial in 50 subjects to predict the PK profile of the Xarelto® IR tablet in the fed state. Overall, the results obtained from the IVIVC model were found to be comparable with those from the PBPK model. The outcome from both models pointed to the positive food effect on the in vivo profile of the Riva. The developed models thus can be effectively extended to establish bioequivalence for the marketed and novel complex formulations of Riva such as amorphous solid dispersions.
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16
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Pepin XJH, Huckle JE, Alluri RV, Basu S, Dodd S, Parrott N, Emami Riedmaier A. Understanding Mechanisms of Food Effect and Developing Reliable PBPK Models Using a Middle-out Approach. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 33398593 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, 40% of approved oral drugs exhibited a significant effect of food on their pharmacokinetics (PK) and currently the only method to characterize the effect of food on drug absorption, which is recognized by the authorities, is to conduct a clinical evaluation. Within the pharmaceutical industry, there is a significant effort to predict the mechanism and clinical relevance of a food effect. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models combining both drug-specific and physiology-specific data have been used to predict the effect of food on absorption and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. This manuscript provides detailed descriptions of how a middle-out modeling approach, combining bottom-up in vitro-based predictions with limited top-down fitting of key model parameters for clinical data, can be successfully used to predict the magnitude and direction of food effect when it is predicted poorly by a bottom-up approach. For nefazodone, a mechanistic clearance for the gut and liver was added, for furosemide, an absorption window was introduced, and for aprepitant, the biorelevant solubility was refined using multiple solubility measurements. In all cases, these adjustments were supported by literature data and showcased a rational approach to assess the factors limiting absorption and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
| | - James E Huckle
- Drug Product Technology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ravindra V Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumit Basu
- Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Drug Metabolism-Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics (PPDM-QP2), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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Monteiro PF, Silva-Barcellos NM, Caldeira TG, Reis ACC, Ribeiro AS, Souza JD. Effects of experimental conditions on solubility measurements for BCS classification in order to improve the biowaiver guidelines. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-979020200004181083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Riedmaier AE, DeMent K, Huckle J, Bransford P, Stillhart C, Lloyd R, Alluri R, Basu S, Chen Y, Dhamankar V, Dodd S, Kulkarni P, Olivares-Morales A, Peng CC, Pepin X, Ren X, Tran T, Tistaert C, Heimbach T, Kesisoglou F, Wagner C, Parrott N. Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling for Predicting Drug-Food Interactions: an Industry Perspective. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:123. [PMID: 32981010 PMCID: PMC7520419 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of food on pharmacokinetic properties of drugs is a commonly observed occurrence affecting about 40% of orally administered drugs. Within the pharmaceutical industry, significant resources are invested to predict and characterize a clinically relevant food effect. Here, the predictive performance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) food effect models was assessed via de novo mechanistic absorption models for 30 compounds using controlled, pre-defined in vitro, and modeling methodology. Compounds for which absorption was known to be limited by intestinal transporters were excluded in this analysis. A decision tree for model verification and optimization was followed, leading to high, moderate, or low food effect prediction confidence. High (within 0.8- to 1.25-fold) to moderate confidence (within 0.5- to 2-fold) was achieved for most of the compounds (15 and 8, respectively). While for 7 compounds, prediction confidence was found to be low (> 2-fold). There was no clear difference in prediction success for positive or negative food effects and no clear relationship to the BCS category of tested drug molecules. However, an association could be demonstrated when the food effect was mainly related to changes in the gastrointestinal luminal fluids or physiology, including fluid volume, motility, pH, micellar entrapment, and bile salts. Considering these findings, it is recommended that appropriately verified mechanistic PBPK modeling can be leveraged with high to moderate confidence as a key approach to predicting potential food effect, especially related to mechanisms highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Global DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., San Diego, California, USA
| | - James Huckle
- Drug Product Technology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Phil Bransford
- Modeling & Informatics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Formulation & Process Sciences, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Lloyd
- Computational & Modelling Sciences, Platform Technology Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ravindra Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumit Basu
- Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Drug Metabolism-Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics (PPDM-QP2), Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Varsha Dhamankar
- Formulation Development, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Formulation Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyanka Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrés Olivares-Morales
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chi-Chi Peng
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Theravance Biopharma, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xavier Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Modeling & Simulation, PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thuy Tran
- Computational & Modelling Sciences, Platform Technology Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Tycho Heimbach
- PBPK & Biopharmaceutics, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Christian Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Shah HS, Sardhara R, Nahar K, Xu T, Delvadia P, Siddiqui A, Gao Z, Selen A, Morris K. Development and Validation of Sample Preparation and an HPLC Analytical Method for Dissolution Testing in Fed-State Simulated Gastric Fluid-Illustrating Its Application for Ibuprofen and Ketoconazole Immediate Release Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:172. [PMID: 32533366 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution testing and solubility determinations in different biorelevant media have gained considerable interest in the pharmaceutical industry from early-stage development of new products to forecasting bioequivalence. Among all biorelevant fluids, the preparation of fed-state simulated gastric fluid (FeSSGF) and handling of samples from dissolution/solubility testing in FeSSGF is considered to be relatively challenging. Challenges include maintaining the stability of FeSSGF medium upon sampling, filtration, and mitigating analytical interference of excipients and milk components. To overcome these challenges, standard and uniform working practices are required that are not only helpful in preparation of stable FeSSGF but also serve as a harmonizing guide for the collection of dissolution/solubility samples and their subsequent processing (i.e., handling and assay). The optimization of sample preparation methodology is crucial to reduce method-related variance by ensuring specificity, robustness, and reproducibility with acceptable recovery of the analytes. The sample preparation methodology includes a combination of techniques including filtration, solvent treatment, and centrifugation to remove the interfering media-related components and excipients from the analyte. The analytes of interest were chromatographically separated from the interfering analytes to quantify the drug concentration using the new high-performance liquid chromatography methods with ultraviolet detection. The methods developed allow rapid sample preparation, acceptable specificity, reproducible recoveries (greater than 95% of label claim), and quantification of study drugs (ibuprofen and ketoconazole). The sample preparation technique and method considerations provided here for ibuprofen and ketoconazole can serve as a starting point for solubility and dissolution testing of other small molecules in FeSSGF.
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20
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Physicochemical Properties of Zwitterionic Drugs in Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1102-1110. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Carrero MJ, Borreguero AM, Rodríguez JF, Ramos MJ. Different drug incorporation routes in ethylene oxide based copolymers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M José Carrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA)University of Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ana M Borreguero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA)University of Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Juan F Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA)University of Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - María J Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA)University of Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
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Jakab G, Bogdán D, Mazák K, Deme R, Mucsi Z, Mándity IM, Noszál B, Kállai-Szabó N, Antal I. Physicochemical Profiling of Baicalin Along with the Development and Characterization of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:314. [PMID: 31529175 PMCID: PMC6746686 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a flavone glycoside extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Numerous pharmacological effects of baicalin were reported (e.g. antioxidant, anxiolytic); nevertheless, the most important physicochemical properties influencing the pharmacokinetic behaviour and the concomitant oral bioavailability have not yet been described in a comprehensive study. The aim of this project was to characterize the acid-base, lipophilicity, biorelevant solubility and permeability properties of the drug substance and providing scientific data to support the dosage form design. Another important objective was the comparative evaluation of six various baicalin-cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexes along with the creation of a suitable Drug Delivery System (DDS) for this BCS IV drug. Biorelevant profiling was carried out by NMR-pH titrations, saturation shake-flask and distribution coefficients (logP) measurements, while CD inclusion studies were fulfilled by experimental methods (phase solubility, 1H/13C NMR, 2D ROESY) and computational approaches. Due to low aqueous solubility (67.03 ± 1.60 μg/ml) and low permeability (Papp = 0.037 × 10−6 cm/s), baicalin is classified as BCS IV. The γ-CD complexation significantly increased the solubility of baicalin (~ 5 times). The most promoted chemical shift change occurred in baicalin-γ-CD complex. Computational studies showed disparate binding pattern for baicalin in case of β- and γ-CD; furthermore, the calculated complexation energy was − 162.4 kJ mol−1 for β-CD, while it was significantly stronger for γ-CD (− 181.5 kJ mol−1). The physicochemical and structural information of baicalin and its CD complexes introduced herein can create molecular basis for a promising DDS with enhanced bioavailability containing a bioactive phytopharmacon.
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Cheong EJY, Teo DWX, Chua DXY, Chan ECY. Systematic Development and Verification of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Rivaroxaban. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1291-1306. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Zakrocka I, Targowska-Duda KM, Wnorowski A, Kocki T, Jóźwiak K, Turski WA. Influence of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors on Kynurenic Acid Production in Rat Brain in Vitro. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:244-254. [PMID: 30178287 PMCID: PMC6313367 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant body of evidence suggests that abnormal kynurenic acid (KYNA) level is involved in the pathophysiology of central nervous system disorders. In the brain, KYNA is synthesized from kynurenine (KYN) by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs), predominantly by KAT II isoenzyme. Blockage of ionotropic glutamate (GLU) receptors is a main cellular effect of KYNA. High KYNA levels have been linked with psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in animals and humans. As immunological imbalance and impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission are one of the crucial processes in neurological pathologies, we aimed to analyze the effect of anti-inflammatory agents, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2): celecoxib, niflumic acid, and parecoxib, on KYNA synthesis and KAT II activity in rat brain in vitro. The influence of COX-2 inhibitors was examined in rat brain cortical slices and on isolated KAT II enzyme. Niflumic acid and parecoxib decreased in a dose-dependent manner KYNA production and KAT II activity in rat brain cortex in vitro, whereas celecoxib was ineffective. Molecular docking results suggested that niflumic acid and parecoxib interact with an active site of KAT II. In conclusion, niflumic acid and parecoxib are dual COX-2 and KAT II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zakrocka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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Evaluating the clinical importance of bacterial degradation of therapeutic agents in the lower intestine of adults using adult fecal material. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:142-150. [PMID: 30273661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optimize adult fecal material composition for evaluating the clinical importance of bacterial degradation of therapeutic agents in the lower intestine (distal small intestine, D-SI and proximal colon, P-COL). Evaluate the usefulness of optimized fecal material in the evaluation of bacterial degradation of five model highly permeable drugs: two nitroreductase substrates (nitrendipine and nimodipine), three drugs for which published data indicate no impact of bacterial degradation on in vivo performance (levodopa, budesonide and rivaroxaban) and one prodrug (sulfasalazine, an azoreductase substrate) from which a locally acting on the mucosa of the lower intestine drug is derived (mesalamine). METHODS 30 min and 95 min were used as point estimates of maximum bacterial degradation half-lives for bacterial degradation in D-SI or in P-COL, respectively, to be clinically important, i.e. for at least 20% reduction in absorption from D-SI or P-COL to occur. Optimization of fecal material was based on recently reported degradation profiles of metronidazole (a nitroreductase substrate) and olsalazine (an azoreductase substrate) in the lower intestine of healthy adults which are clinically important. Model compounds were tested in optimized fecal materials and data were evaluated vs. existing in vivo data in adults. RESULTS Simulated ileal bacteria (SIB) consisted of 5.5% (w/v) stools in normal saline and simulated colonic bacteria (SCoB) consisted of 8.3% (w/v) stools in normal saline. For all model compounds, data in SIB and SCoB were in line with available information in adults. [Degradation half-life in SIB/Degradation half-life in SCoB] ≈ [Stool content in SCoB/Stool content in SIB] ≈ 1.5, i.e. bacterial degradation in SIB could be predicted from bacterial degradation in SCoB. CONCLUSION Data in SCoB only are useful for evaluating whether bacterial degradation in P-COL and in D-SI is likely to be clinically important for orally administered, highly permeable drugs or prodrugs which act locally after bacterial degradation. The usefulness of this approach in cases where enzymes other than nitroreductases or azoreductases are involved requires further confirmation.
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26
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Hamed R, Alnadi SH. Transfer Behavior of the Weakly Acidic BCS Class II Drug Valsartan from the Stomach to the Small Intestine During Fasted and Fed States. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2213-2225. [PMID: 29736887 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the transfer behavior of the weakly acidic BCS class II drug valsartan from the stomach to the small intestine during fasted and fed states. An in vitro transfer model previously introduced by Kostewicz et al. (J Pharm Pharmacol 56(1):43-51, 2004) based on a syringe pump and a USP paddle apparatus was used to determine the concentration profiles of valsartan in the small intestine. Donor phases of simulated gastric fluid during fasted (FaSSGF) and fed (FeSSGF) states were used to predisperse Diovan® tablets (160 mg valsartan). The initial concentrations of valsartan in FaSSGF and FeSSGF were 6.2 and 91.8%, respectively. Valsartan dispersions were then transferred to acceptor phases that simulate intestinal fluid and cover the physiological properties (pH, buffer capacity, and ionic strength) of the gastrointestinal fluid at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The pH measurements were reported at time intervals corresponded to those of the transfer experiments to investigate the effect of percent dissolved of valsartan in the donor phase on lowering the pH of the acceptor phases. The f2 similarity test was used to compare the concentration profiles in the acceptor phases. In fasted state, the concentration of valsartan in the acceptor phases ranged between 33.1 and 89.4% after 240 min. Whereas in fed state, valsartan was fully dissolved in all acceptor phases within a range of 94.5-104.9% after 240 min. Therefore, the transfer model provides a useful screen for the concentrations of valsartan in the small intestine during fasted and fed states.
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Fornells E, Fuguet E, Mañé M, Ruiz R, Box K, Bosch E, Ràfols C. Effect of vinylpyrrolidone polymers on the solubility and supersaturation of drugs; a study using the Cheqsol method. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wingert NR, dos Santos NO, Campanharo SC, Simon ES, Volpato NM, Steppe M. In vitro dissolution method fitted to in vivo absorption profile of rivaroxaban immediate-release tablets applying in silico data. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:723-728. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1411939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie R. Wingert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália O. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sarah C. Campanharo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elisa S. Simon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nadia M. Volpato
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martin Steppe
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Studying furosemide solubilization using an in vitro model simulating gastrointestinal digestion and drug solubilization in neonates and young infants. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:191-199. [PMID: 28803922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to study the oral performance of furosemide in neonates and young infants using a newly developed in vitro model simulating digestion and drug solubilization in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the human neonate and young infant population (age 0-2months). METHODS The utilized in vitro model was designed to mimic the digestion and drug solubilization processes occurring in the stomach, and the small intestine of the neonate and young infant population, using physiologically relevant media, volumes and digestive enzymes. Overall the experimental model setup was based on the dynamic in vitro lipolysis model previously described by Fernandez et al. (2009). The amount of furosemide solubilized in the aqueous phase during a digestion study was used as an estimate for the amount of drug available for absorption in vivo. By varying different factors in the model setup, e.g. presence of food (food-effect), effect of digestion (tested with and without addition of digestive enzymes), and properties of the dosage form, it was possible to estimate the importance of these factors in vivo. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The present in vitro data suggest that the oral performance of furosemide in neonates and young infants will be increased by the presence of food (frequent feedings) due to increased drug solubilization, however, not influenced by the GI digestion of this food. The properties of the dosage form (immediate release tablets) did not affect the drug solubilization as compared to administration of the pure drug powder.
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Caldeira TG, Saúde-Guimarães DA, Dezani AB, Serra CHDR, de Souza J. In silico and in vitro prediction of gastrointestinal absorption from potential drug eremantholide C. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1468-1476. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Analysis of the biopharmaceutical properties of eremantholide C, sesquiterpene lactone with proven pharmacological activity and low toxicity, is required to evaluate its potential to become a drug.
Methods
Preliminary analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of eremantholide C was performed in silico. Equilibrium solubility was evaluated using the shake-flask method, at 37.0 °C, 100 rpm during 72 h in biorelevant media. The permeability was analysed using parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, at 37.0 °C, 50 rpm for 5 h. The donor compartment was composed of an eremantholide C solution in intestinal fluid simulated without enzymes, while the acceptor compartment consisted of phosphate buffer.
Key findings
Physicochemical characteristics predicted in silico indicated that eremantholide C has a low solubility and high permeability. In-vitro data of eremantholide C showed low solubility, with values for the dose/solubility ratio (ml): 9448.82, 10 389.61 e 15 000.00 for buffers acetate (pH 4.5), intestinal fluid simulated without enzymes (pH 6.8) and phosphate (pH 7.4), respectively. Also, it showed high permeability, with effective permeability of 30.4 × 10−6 cm/s, a higher result compared with propranolol hydrochloride (9.23 × 10−6 cm/s).
Conclusions
The high permeability combined with its solubility, pharmacological activity and low toxicity demonstrate the importance of eremantholide C as a potential drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires G Caldeira
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dênia A Saúde-Guimarães
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André B Dezani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Equilibrium solubility measurement of compounds with low dissolution rate by Higuchi's Facilitated Dissolution Method. A validation study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:133-141. [PMID: 28577995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Incubation time plays a critical role in the accurate measurement of equilibrium solubility of compounds. Substances which dissolve very slowly generally need long incubation times (days or weeks) to reach equilibrium. However, long times may pose several problems, such as decomposition of solute, molding of buffer, and drifting of pH. Higuchi in 1979 proposed the Facilitated Dissolution Method (FDM) to dramatically reduce incubation time. It employs a small volume of water-immiscible organic solvent to partly solubilize the sample and thereby increase the surface area available for dissolution. The method has been used only rarely. In this study we performed a systematic validation of FDM using progesterone as model compound. The reference solubility value, 7.95±0.21μg/mL (p<0.05, n=5), was determined in Britton-Robinson buffer solution (pH7.4) at 25.0°C by the standardized protocol of Saturation Shake-Flask (SSF) method. Also, the solubility was measured by the FDM approach under varied experimental conditions (e.g., type and volume of organic solvent, time of agitation, and amount of solid excess), and compared to the reference value. It was demonstrated that the small amount of organic solvent used in the FDM does not impact the measured solubility, compared to the reference value. Additionally, four compounds of low dissolution rate (dexamethasone, digoxin, haloperidol and cosalane) were used to demonstrate that FDM can reduce the long equilibration time to the standardized 24h (6h stirring and 18h sedimentation). The time dependence of solubility equilibrium was measured by SSF, and the results were compared with those obtained by FDM. Our study, based on >200 solubility experiments, supports the validity of Higuchi's method. In this study we propose a standardized protocol for the FDM, where 1% v/v of organic solvent is used. Octane (or isooctane) was found to be suitable for highly hydrophobic compounds. Alternatively, octanol or 1,2-dichloroethane can be used for less lipophilic compounds.
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Bou-Chacra N, Melo KJC, Morales IAC, Stippler ES, Kesisoglou F, Yazdanian M, Löbenberg R. Evolution of Choice of Solubility and Dissolution Media After Two Decades of Biopharmaceutical Classification System. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:989-1001. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hamed R, Awadallah A, Sunoqrot S, Tarawneh O, Nazzal S, AlBaraghthi T, Al Sayyad J, Abbas A. pH-Dependent Solubility and Dissolution Behavior of Carvedilol--Case Example of a Weakly Basic BCS Class II Drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016. [PMID: 26202065 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the pH-dependent solubility and dissolution of weakly basic Biopharmaceutical Classification Systems (BCS) class II drugs, characterized by low solubility and high permeability, using carvedilol, a weak base with a pK a value of 7.8, as a model drug. A series of solubility and in vitro dissolution studies was carried out using media that simulate the gastric and intestinal fluids and cover the physiological pH range of the GI from 1.2 to 7.8. The effect of ionic strength, buffer capacity, and buffer species of the dissolution media on the solubility and dissolution behavior of carvedilol was also investigated. The study revealed that carvedilol exhibited a typical weak base pH-dependent solubility profile with a high solubility at low pH (545.1-2591.4 μg/mL within the pH range 1.2-5.0) and low solubility at high pH (5.8-51.9 μg/mL within the pH range 6.5-7.8). The dissolution behavior of carvedilol was consistent with the solubility results, where carvedilol release was complete (95.8-98.2% released within 60 min) in media simulating the gastric fluid (pH 1.2-5.0) and relatively low (15.9-86.2% released within 240 min) in media simulating the intestinal fluid (pH 6.5-7.8). It was found that the buffer species of the dissolution media may influence the solubility and consequently the percentage of carvedilol released by forming carvedilol salts of varying solubilities. Carvedilol solubility and dissolution decreased with increasing ionic strength, while lowering the buffer capacity resulted in a decrease in carvedilol solubility and dissolution rate.
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Mazák K, Noszál B. Advances in microspeciation of drugs and biomolecules: Species-specific concentrations, acid-base properties and related parameters. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:390-403. [PMID: 27066736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of drugs and the interacting biomolecules are highly influenced by their species-specific physico-chemical properties. The first of such bio-relevant, structure-dependent properties were the species-specific acid-base constants and the co-dependent concentrations, but the past decade brought significant advances to previously uncharted territories, including the experimental determination of species-specific partition coefficients, solubilities and redox equilibrium constants. This review gives an overview of the types and definitions of species-specific physico-chemical and analytical properties. We survey the pertinent literature, the fundamental relationships, and summarize some of our recent work that enabled the determination of species-specific partition coefficients for coexisting, inseparable protonation isomers and pH-independent, microscopic redox equilibrium constants. The thorough insight provided by these species-specific properties improves our understanding of the submolecular mechanism of pharmacokinetic processes. As a result, there are some pieces of clear-cut evidence of practical significance. A few of them are as follows: - passive diffusion into lipophilic media is not necessarily predominated by the non-charged species, contrary to the widespread misbelief. - the reactive microspecies in structure-controlled, highly specific biochemical reactions is not necessarily the major one. - a preventive defence system against oxidative stress can be based upon thiol-disulfide equilibria of custom-tailored redox potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Mazák
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group of Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hőgyes E. u. 9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Noszál
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group of Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hőgyes E. u. 9., H-1092 Budapest, Hungary.
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Synthesis, evaluation and structure-activity relationship of new 3-carboxamide coumarins as FXIIa inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:181-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Intestinal solubility and absorption of poorly water soluble compounds: predictions, challenges and solutions. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:935-59. [PMID: 26316058 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have explored for which type of compounds biorelevant dissolution profiling in simulated intestinal fluids would accurately predict solubility in human intestinal fluid. In total, 474 solubility values in simulated and aspirated human intestinal fluid for 78 drugs were compiled and analyzed. Significant solubilization in the colloidal structures was obtained in fasted and fed state fluids for drug compounds with a logD(oct)>3. Highly lipophilic compounds with high melting points (Tm > 200 °C) could also be significantly solubilized, but typically such compounds had solubility values in the lower µg/ml range also in the presence of the colloidal structures. On the basis of our analysis, compounds with a logD(oct)>3 should be explored in biorelevant dissolution media to better predict in vivo performance after oral dosing.
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Yang B, Wu C, Ji B, Ai X, Kuang X, Wu M, Sun M, Luo C, He Z, Sun J. The biorelevant concentration of Tween 80 solution is a simple alternative medium to simulated fasted state intestinal fluid. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the use of the biorelevant concentration of conventional surfactants as an alternative medium to simulated fasted state intestinal fluid for drugs with different acid–base properties is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- China
| | - Chunnuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
- China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Ai
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- China
| | - Mingrui Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics
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