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Wan F, Chen ZW, Xu TT, Guan JJ, Cui XM, Kang CZ, Zhou T, Wang CX, Guo LP, Yang Y. Selection and application of aptamers for p-hydroxybenzyl hydrogen sulfite after Gastrodia elata Bl. fumigated with sulfur. Talanta 2024; 269:125461. [PMID: 38056416 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Bl. is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine known for its medicinal properties. However, during the drying process, G. elata is often fumigated with sulfur to prevent corrosion and improve its appearance. Sulfur-fumigation can result in a reduction in the effective components of the herb and can also be hazardous to human health due to the remaining sulfur dioxide. Sulfur-fumigation of G. elata poses a significant challenge to both end-users and researchers. The detection of p-hydroxybenzyl hydrogen sulfite (p-HS) is a useful tool in determining whether G. elata has been fumigated with sulfur. Unfortunately, the current method for detecting p-HS is costly and requires sophisticated instruments. Therefore, there is a need to develop a more cost-effective and user-friendly method for the detection of p-HS. This study utilized the Capture-SELEX technique to screen high-affinity aptamers for p-HS, which were subsequently characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). An aptamer sequence (seq 6) with a high affinity of Kd = 26.5 μM was obtained following 8 rounds of selection against p-HS. With the aptamer serving as the recognition element and gold nanoparticles as the colorimetric indicator, a simple and efficient colorimetric sensor was developed for the specific detection of p-HS. This detection method exhibited a limit of detection of 1 μg/ml, while the p-HS recoveries demonstrated a range of between 88.5 % and 105 % for samples of G. elata obtained in the market. In summary, the aptamer exhibited a high affinity for p-HS, and the sensor developed through the use of a colloidal gold detector based on nucleic acid aptamer can be utilized for rapid detection of sulfur-fumigated G. elata. With these findings, this research paper provides valuable scientific insights and highlights significant potential for future studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuo-Wen Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Jie Guan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Kang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Cheng-Xiao Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Li Y, Dong P, Shang Z, Dai L, Wang S, Zhang J. Unveiling the Chemical Composition of Sulfur-Fumigated Herbs: A Triple Synthesis Approach Using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS-A Case Study on Steroidal Saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix. Molecules 2024; 29:702. [PMID: 38338446 PMCID: PMC10856428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonis Radix (OR) is a traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, in order to achieve the purpose of drying, bleaching, sterilizing and being antiseptic, improving appearance, and easy storage, people often use sulfur fumigation for its processing. However, changes in the chemical composition of medicinal herbs caused by sulfur fumigation can lead to the transformation and loss of potent substances. Therefore, the development of methods to rapidly reveal the chemical transformation of medicinal herbs induced by sulfur fumigation can guarantee the safe clinical use of medicines. In this study, a combined full scan-parent ions list-dynamic exclusion acquisition-diagnostic product ions analysis strategy based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was proposed for the analysis of steroidal saponins and their transformed components in sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix (SF-OR). Based on precise mass measurements, chromatographic behavior, neutral loss ions, and diagnostic product ions, 286 constituents were screened and identified from SF-OR, including 191 steroidal saponins and 95 sulfur-containing derivatives (sulfates or sulfites). The results indicated that the established strategy was a valuable and effective analytical tool for comprehensively characterizing the material basis of SF-OR, and also provided a basis for potential chemical changes in other sulfur-fumigated herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Pingping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhanpeng Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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Impact of sulfur-fumigation on carbohydrate components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 225:115217. [PMID: 36592540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR) is one of commonly used medicinal and edible herbs in China. It is often sulfur-fumigated during post-harvest processing. Carbohydrates are important active components of AMR. However, it is unknown whether sulfur-fumigation would induce changes on carbohydrates. Here, carbohydrates including polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and free monosaccharides were comprehensively analyzed to characterize the quality changes of sulfur-fumigated AMR. Determination of both homemade sulfur-fumigated AMR samples and commercial samples from market revealed that sulfur-fumigation did not affect molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides, but altered polysaccharides content and its ratios of constituent monosaccharides, especially glucose (Glc) and fructose (Fru), as well as the contents of oligosaccharides DP2-10 and free monosaccharide Fru. Moreover, the variations enhanced with the increasing of residual SO2 content. The potential transformation mechanisms could be due to the hydrolysis of polysaccharides. The research outcomes could provide a chemical basis for the safety and efficacy evaluations of sulfur-fumigated AMR.
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Lv Y, Xu X, Wei Y, Shen Y, Chen W, Wei X, Wang J, Xin J, He J, Zu X. Characterization and Discrimination of Ophiopogonis Radix with Different Levels of Sulfur Fumigation Based on UPLC-QTOF-MS Combined Molecular Networking with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020204. [PMID: 36837823 PMCID: PMC9963253 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonis Radix, also known as "Maidong" (MD) in China, is frequently sulfur-fumigated (SF) in the pretreatment process of MD to improve the appearance and facilitate preservation. However, the process leads to changes in chemical composition, so it is essential to develop an approach to identify the chemical characteristics between nonfumigated and sulfur-fumigated products. This paper provided a practical method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS combined Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) with multivariate statistical analysis for the characterization and discrimination of MD with different levels of sulfur fumigation, high concentration sulfur fumigation (HS), low concentration sulfur fumigation (LS) and without sulfur fumigation (WS). First, a number of 98 compounds were identified in those MD samples. Additionally, the results of Principal component analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) demonstrated that there were significant chemical differences in the chemical composition of MD with different degrees of SF. Finally, fourteen and sixteen chemical markers were identified upon the comparison between HS and WS, LS and WS, respectively. Overall, these results can be able to discriminate MD with different levels of SF as well as establish a solid foundation for further quality control and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xintong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jixiang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +086-0531-89628200 (J.H.); +086-021-81871248 (X.Z.)
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +086-0531-89628200 (J.H.); +086-021-81871248 (X.Z.)
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Bai Y, Wei W, Yao C, Wu S, Wang W, Guo DA. Advances in the chemical constituents, pharmacological properties and clinical applications of TCM formula Yupingfeng San. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105385. [PMID: 36473539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yupingfeng San (YPFS) is a famous and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia in China. It is composed of three Chinese herbs, including Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix. In this review, the relevant references on YPFS were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literatures published from 2000 to 2022 were screened and summarized. The constituents in YPFS could be classified into nine groups according to their structures, including flavonoids, saponins, essential oils, coumarins, lactones, amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, chromones and others. The importance of chemical constituents in YPFS were demonstrated for specific pathological processes including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and pulmonary diseases. This article systematically reviewed the up-to-date information on its chemical compositions, pharmacology and safety, that could be used as essential data and reference for clinical applications of YPFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shifei Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - De-An Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Chemical Characterization and Metabolic Profiling of the Compounds in the Chinese Herbal Formula Li Chang Decoction by UPLC-QTOF/MS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1322751. [PMID: 35463075 PMCID: PMC9020952 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1322751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Li Chang decoction (LCD), a Chinese medicine formula, is commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinics. Purpose This study aimed to identify the major components in LCD and its prototype and metabolic components in rat biological samples. Methods The chemical constituents in LCD were identified by establishing a reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method. Afterwards, the rats were orally administered with LCD, and the biological samples (plasma, urine, and feces) were collected for further analyzing the effective compounds in the treatment of UC. Result A total of 104 compounds were discriminated in LCD, including 26 flavonoids, 20 organic acids, 20 saponins, 8 amino acids, 5 oligosaccharides, 5 tannins, 3 lignans, 2 alkaloids, and 15 others (nucleosides, glycosides, esters, etc.). About 50 prototype and 94 metabolic components of LCD were identified in biological samples. In total, 29 prototype components and 22 metabolic types were detected in plasma. About 27 prototypes and 96 metabolites were discriminated in urine, and 34 prototypes and 18 metabolites were identified in feces. Conclusion The flavonoids, organic acids, and saponins were the major compounds of LCD, and this study promotes the further pharmacokinetic and pharmacological evaluation of LCD.
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JIANG QX, CHEN YM, MA JJ, WANG YP, LI P, WEN XD, YANG J. Effective fraction from Simiao Wan prevents hepatic insulin resistant by inhibition of lipolysis via AMPK activation. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:161-176. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Deng AP, Kang CZ, Kang LP, Lyu CG, Zhang WJ, Wang S, Wang HY, Nan TG, Zhou L, Huang LQ, Zhan ZL, Guo LP. Practical Protocol for Comprehensively Evaluating Sulfur-Fumigation of Baizhi Based on Metabolomics, Pharmacology, and Cytotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:799504. [PMID: 35145404 PMCID: PMC8822044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.799504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi) is a common medicinal herb in Asian countries. A practical protocol combining metabolomics, pharmacology, and cytotoxicity was developed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of sulfur-fumigation on the quality of Baizhi. Furocoumarins could be transformed into sulfur-containing compounds during the sulfuring process, among which 1 and 3 were purified with relatively high abundance and identified as 3,4-dihydrobyakangelicin-4-sulfonic acid and (4R,12S)-3,4-dihydrooxypeucedanin hydrate-4-sulfonic acid (OXH-S), respectively. OXH-S was found to be an addition product of sulfite and oxypeucedanin hydrate (OXH-N). Then, the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of OXH-N, OXH-S, and water extracts of sulfured (extraction-S), and unsulfured Baizhi (extraction-N) were evaluated. OXH-S and extraction-S were less toxic than OXH-N and extraction-N, respectively. A comparison of OXH-N with OXH-S and extraction-N with extraction-S showed no significant differences in anti-inflammatory activity. These results suggest that sulfur fumigation can reduce toxicity and does not influence the anti-inflammatory activity of Baizhi, even after chemical composition changes. The proposed protocol based on marker screening, pharmacology, and safety evaluation provides a scientific basis for the standardization and regulation of sulfured Baizhi and other medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Geng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Gui Nan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Lai Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chemical Components Analysis and in vivo Metabolite Profiling of Jian’er Xiaoshi Oral Liquid by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 211:114629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shan C, Li J, Sun P, Zhou R, Xu M, Zhao Q, Ren P, Wen H, Huang X. Identification of absorbed compounds of Xiao Yao San Jia Wei and pharmacokinetic study in depressed rats by force swimming stress. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4455-4468. [PMID: 35425481 PMCID: PMC8981079 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei (XYSJW) is a commonly prescribed formulation for depression and anorexia in the Jiang Su Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine. Unfortunately, the proper dosage of this formulation is still unclear due to its limited chemical and pharmacokinetic profiles. Thus, in the present study, a sensitive, precise, and rapid procedure for the identification of absorbed compounds (Cs) in the plasma of depressed rats together with a pharmacokinetic analysis was established with the help of ultra-flow liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) and ultra-flow liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-QQQ MS/MS). Based on the characteristic fragmentation, neutral loss, mass defect filter, relevant literature and reference standards, 225 Cs in the XYSJW extract and 20 Cs in the plasma of the depressed rats were tentatively recognized via UFLC-Q-TOF MS/MS and UFLC-QQQ MS/MS. Then, the 12 major absorbed Cs in the depressed rats after oral XYSJW administration were chosen to further investigate its pharmacokinetic profile by UFLC-QQQ MS/MS. This study provides a systematic approach for the rapid and qualitative analysis of absorbed Cs in depressed rats and investigating the pharmacokinetics of XYSJW. More importantly, our work provides key information on the chemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of XYSJW in vitro and in vivo, which may benefit its therapeutic efficacy and further pharmacological studies involving this formulation. Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei (XYSJW) is a commonly prescribed formulation for depression and anorexia in the Jiang Su Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Shan
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Po Sun
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runze Zhou
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiulong Zhao
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongmei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Institute of TCM-related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Liu N, Shu Y, Yan YY, Peng GP, Wen HM, Shan CX, Cui XB, Wang XZ, Zuo CB, Li XY. Oligosaccharide Profile Analysis and Quality Control of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Using HPLC-HRMS/MS and a Simple HPLC-ELSD Method. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Wang L, Fan J, Qin X, Li Z. Rapid discrimination of raw and sulfur-fumigated Farfarae Flos based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ma G, Luo Z, Yang M, Wu H, Yang J, Xing X, Sun X, Xu X. An integrated strategy for evaluation of sulfur-fumigated edible herb Astragali Radix based on UPLC-MS/MS platforms and pharmacological analysis. Food Funct 2021; 12:5539-5550. [PMID: 34008600 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02567d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Astragali Radix is an edible herb that has been employed in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has recently been recognized by various countries; however, it is also one of the most extensively sulfur-fumigated TCM components. This study designed a UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-guided isolation approach to generate sulfur-containing derivatives, and a novel sulfur-containing marker, namely, astragaloside sulfate, was characterized based on 1D and 2D NMR, which were derived from the main component of Astragali Radix, namely, astragaloside. Pharmacological experiments also showed that the activity of astragaloside decreased after it was converted into sulfate. Moreover, a rapid assay for the determination of astragaloside sulfate content by UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS was established to evaluate samples that were non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated at different levels. The method was applied to determine the content of JGS in the different batches of commercial samples. This research reveals that the practical procedure-based typical sulfur-containing indicator can be utilized for quality assurance of sulfur-fumigated and non-fumigated Astragali Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang H, Wang S, Zhao D, Xie H, Wang H, Sun M, Yang X, Qian Y, Wang X, Li X, Gao X, Yang W. A novel ion mobility separation-enabled and precursor ions list-included high-definition data-dependent acquisition (HDDDA) approach: Method development and its application to the comprehensive multicomponent characterization of Fangji Huangqi Decoction. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Qian Y, Li W, Wang H, Hu W, Wang H, Zhao D, Hu Y, Li X, Gao X, Yang W. A four-dimensional separation approach by offline 2D-LC/IM-TOF-MS in combination with database-driven computational peak annotation facilitating the in-depth characterization of the multicomponents from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Atractylodes macrocephala). ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Bailly C. Atractylenolides, essential components of Atractylodes-based traditional herbal medicines: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173735. [PMID: 33220271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of the plant Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is the major constituent of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Baizhu, frequently used to treat gastro-intestinal diseases. Many traditional medicine prescriptions based on Baizhu and the similar preparation Cangzhu are used in China, Korea and Japan as Qi-booster. These preparations contain atractylenolides, a small group of sesquiterpenoids endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Atractylenolides I, II and III also display significant anticancer properties, reviewed here. The capacity of AT-I/II/IIII to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce cancer cell death have been analyzed, together with their effects of angiogenesis, metastasis, cell differentiation and stemness. The immune-modulatory properties of ATs are discussed. AT-I has been tested clinically for the treatment of cancer-induced cachexia with encouraging results. ATs, alone or combined with cytotoxic drugs, could be useful to treat cancers or to reduce side effects of radio and chemotherapy. Several signaling pathways have been implicated in their multi-targeted mechanisms of action, in particular those involving the central regulators TLR4, NFκB and Nrf2. A drug-induced reduction of inflammatory cytokines production (TNFα, IL-6) also characterizes these molecules which are generally weakly cytotoxic and well tolerated in vivo. Inhibition of Janus kinases (notably JAK2 and JAK3 targeted by AT-I and AT-III, respectively) has been postulated. Information about their metabolism and toxicity are limited but the long-established traditional use of the Atractylodes and the diversity of anticancer effects reported with AT-I and AT-III should encourage further studies with these molecules and structurally related natural products.
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Development of a comprehensive method combining UHPLC-CAD fingerprint, multi-components quantitative analysis for quality evaluation of Zishen Yutai Pills: A step towards quality control of Chinese patent medicine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Li M, Yue X, Gao Y, Zhang B, Yuan C, Wu T. Method for rapidly discovering active components in Yupingfeng granules by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4627. [PMID: 32786160 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Yupingfeng granules (YPFG) were isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation composed of three herbs (Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Saposhnikoviae Radix). This formulation is used in TCM to tonify qi, and it can help strengthen exterior and reduce sweating. Nevertheless, the active components of YPFG remain unclear. In this study, the chemical constituents of YPFG were systematically characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/ quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Fifty-eight compounds, namely, 20 flavonoids, 19 saponins, nine organic acids, four volatile coumarins, three lactones, one alkaloid, and two other components, were identified. In addition, the constituents of YPFG with the potential for in vivo bioactivities following oral administration were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirteen compounds, namely, 11 flavonoid-related and 2 saponin-related components, were detected in rat plasma. After enriching flavonoids and saponins in YPFG by extraction, the extracts and YPFG were administrated to immunosuppressed rats, respectively. Plasma samples were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that the extracts had similar effects to YPFG. This method could discover active ingredients in YPFG quickly and provide a scientific basis for quality control and mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Sinopharm Group Guangdong Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunping Yuan
- Sinopharm Group Guangdong Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
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Chemical Profile Analysis of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan Decoction by LC–QTOF MS and Simultaneous Determination of Nine Major Components Using QAMS Method. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Jiang J, Xiao S, Yan S, Zhang J, Xu X. The effects of sulfur fumigation processing on Panacis Quinquefolii Radix in chemical profile, immunoregulation and liver and kidney injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112377. [PMID: 31707050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The influence of sulfur fumigation processing on chemical profile, pharmacological activity and safety of Chinese herbs has attracted great attention. Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR) was more widely used as edible and medicinal than Ginseng because of its tonifying effect and characteristic of not getting inflamed. The disadvantage of sulfur fumigated (SF) Ginseng has been reported, but the systematic study of SF-PQR is deficient and urgently needed. AIM OF THE STUDY To systematically describe the influence of sulfur fumigation on chemical profile, characteristic products, immunoregulation and liver and kidney injury of PQR. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICP-MS and HPLC-DAD were used to detect 11 inorganic elements and 3 ginsenosides, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish SF-PQR from non-sulfur fumigated (NSF)-PQR by combining the content changes of inorganic elements and ginsenosides. UPLC/Orbitrap-MS was applied to screen the characteristic products (m/z) after sulfur fumigation. For the effectiveness and safety, male KM mice were used to compare the immunomodulatory effects of NSF-PQR or SF-PQR under both healty and cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressive conditions by net growth rate of body weight, thymus and spleen indices, serum IL-6, SOD, BUN, AST levels, and HE staining of liver and kidney. RESULTS Sulfur fumigation processing significantly reduced the contents of ginsenosides Rb1, Re and Rg1 with the elevation of inorganic elements in 20 batches PQR. Based on the scatter distribution of PCA, SF-PQR and NSF-PQR can be distinguished. According to the Rt, Precursor ion (m/z) and Product ion (m/z) produced by UPLC/Orbit trap-MS, R1-SO3 (m/z, 1059.53), Re-SO3 (m/z, 1025.55), Rg1-SO3 (m/z, 878.47), Ro-SO3 (m/z, 1035.32), Rb1-SO3 (m/z, 1179.58), and Rk3-SO3 (m/z, 745.40) could be confirmed as important markers for identifying SF-PQR. The effect of SF-PQR on reversing immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) evidenced by the inhibition of net growth rate of body weight, immune organ index, IL-6 level and SOD activity. For healthy mice, SF-PQR not only failed to maintain the normal indexes, but also reduced the indexes to lower levels. After 2 weeks of continuous gastric administration, the abnormal liver and kidney functions in healthy mice were damaged and manifested by the increasing of BUN and AST levels, which was consistent with hepatic lesion area and renal tubular injury observed by HE staining. CONCLUSION Sulfur fumigation processing not only reduced the immunomodulatory effect of PQR, but also brought the hidden danger in liver and kidney injury. The sulfonated products provided in this paper can be applied for the identification of SF-PQR accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shichang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Yan
- ADR Monitoring Center, Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinxuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301(#) Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Processed by Sulfur Fumigation Damaged the Chemical Profile Accompanied by Immunosuppression and Liver Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5439853. [PMID: 32090097 PMCID: PMC7026913 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5439853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRER) has been used as a medicinal plant and dietary supplements for its beneficial effect in immunomodulatory effects. Sulfur fumigation (SF) processing was widely used in the storage and maintenance of Chinese medicine because of its convenience and cheapness. However, the disadvantage of SF has been reported, but the systematic study of SF on GRER was deficient. In this paper, the active ingredients, sulfur-fumigated products, immunomodulatory effect, and liver injury of SF-GRER were studied. After SF, the liquiritin decreased from 4.49 ± 0.03 mg/g to 3.94 ± 0.08 mg/g (P<0.01). Compared with the NSF-GRER group, the SF-GRER group showed a decreased immunoregulation in the thymus index, spleen index, and serum IL-6 and SOD levels (P<0.05). After 2 weeks of continuous intragastric administration of SF-GRER in healthy mice, the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly increased (P<0.05) and the area of liver lesion significantly increased compared with the NSF-GRER (P<0.05) group. The sulfonated products (m/z, 631.13) corresponding to liquiritin apioside (m/z, 551.17) and isoliquiritin apioside (m/z, 551.17) were screened out in SF-GRER by using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS. The sulfonated products provided in this paper were discovered for the first time and could be powerfully applied for the identification of SF-GRER. SF destroyed the chemical composition of GRER, inhibited immunoregulation, and induced liver injury. The feasibility of this processing method needs to be reconsidered.
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Shengyun D, Yuqi W, Fei W, Xiaodan M, Jiayu Z. A proposed protocol based on integrative metabonomics analysis for the rapid detection and mechanistic understanding of sulfur fumigation of Chinese herbal medicines. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31150-31161. [PMID: 35529375 PMCID: PMC9072333 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current work, Lonicera japonica Flos (FLJ) was selected as a model Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and a protocol was proposed for the rapid detection of sulfur-fumigated (SF) CHMs. A multiple metabonomics analysis was conducted using HPLC, NIR spectroscopy and a UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. First, the group discriminatory potential of each technique was respectively investigated based on PCA. Then, the effect of mid-level metabonomics data fusion on sample spatial distribution was evaluated based on data obtained using the above three technologies. Furthermore, based on the acquired HRMS data, 76 markers discriminating SF from non-sulfur-fumigated (NSF) CHMs were observed and 49 of them were eventually characterized. Moreover, NIR absorptions of 18 sulfur-containing markers were identified to be in close correlation with the discriminatory NIR wavebands. In conclusion, the proposed protocol based on integrative metabonomics analysis that we established for the rapid detection and mechanistic explanation of the sulfur fumigation of CHMs was able to achieve variable selection, enhance group separation and reveal the intrinsic mechanism of the sulfur fumigation of CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Shengyun
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China
- National Institute of Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050 China
| | - Wang Yuqi
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China
| | - Wang Fei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China
- Department of Pharmacy, People Hospital of Peking University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Mei Xiaodan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488 China
| | - Zhang Jiayu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029 China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 China
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Wang Y, Sun J, Ma D, Li X, Gao X, Miao J, Gao W. Improving the contents of the active components and bioactivities of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.: The effects of drying methods. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jiang Z, Peng C, Huang W, Wu B, Zhang D, Ouyang H, Feng Y, Yang S. A High Throughput Three-step Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Study Metabolites of Atractylenolide-III. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:163-176. [PMID: 30496359 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (AMK) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in the treatment of various diseases, especially spleen deficiency. As the principle active constituents of AMK, however, the metabolites of Atractylenolide-III (A-lactone-III) have not been identified in rats yet. In this study, a three-step high throughput method based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS-MS was developed to profile and characterize the metabolites of A-lactone-III in rat feces, urine and plasma. The initial step was a full-scan that utilized a multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS). PeakView®1.2 and Metabolitepilot™1.5 software was then used to obtain data and seek possible metabolites. Finally, MS-MS spectra of the parent drug and possible metabolites were compared by the fragment ion peaks and retention times, which enabled metabolites to be identified. As a result, 53 metabolites were characterized in rats in vivo. The metabolic pathways of A-lactone-III were identified as including methylation, oxidation, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, hydrogenation, glycosylation, sulfonation, and glucuronide, cysteine and N-acetylcysteine conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Wenping Huang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Bei Wu
- Nanchang Insitute for Food and Drug Control, No. 299 Diezihu Road, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Shilin Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, PR China
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Guan H, Luo X, Chang X, Su M, Li Z, Li P, Wang X, Shi Y. Identification of the Chemical Constituents of an Anti-Arthritic Chinese Medicine Wen Luo Yin by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:E233. [PMID: 30634574 PMCID: PMC6359360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wen Luo Yin (WLY), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has been used as a complementary therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinical settings. However, the chemical constituents of WLY remain unclear. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was established to separate and comprehensively identify the chemical constituents of WLY. The analytes were eluted with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous acetic acid. Mass detection was performed in both positive and negative ion mode. The MS/MS fragmentation pathways were proposed for the identification of the components. A total of 42 compounds including sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, biflavonoids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids and acetylenic phenols were identified unambiguously or tentatively according to their retention times and mass behavior with those of authentic standards or literature data. The identification and structural elucidation of chemical constituents may provide important information for quality control and pharmacological research of WLY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Guan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Meifeng Su
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yue Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhu B, Zhang QL, Hua JW, Cheng WL, Qin LP. The traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:143-167. [PMID: 30130541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (called Baizhu in China) is a medicinal plant that has long been used as a tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia, especially in China, for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, cancer, osteoporosis, obesity, and fetal irritability. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide a systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of A. macrocephala to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed on A. macrocephala using scientific databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, SciFinder, and ScienceDirect. Information was also collected from classic books of Chinese herbal medicine, Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations, unpublished materials, and local conference papers on toxicology. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS More than 79 chemical compounds have been isolated from A. macrocephala, including sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyacetylenes, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, steroids, benzoquinones, and polysaccharides. Crude extracts and pure compounds of A. macrocephala are used to treat gastrointestinal hypofunction, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, splenic asthenia, abnormal fetal movement, Alzheimer disease, and obesity. These extracts have various pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-aging activity, anti-oxidative activity, anti-osteoporotic activity, neuroprotective activity, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as improving gastrointestinal function and gonadal hormone regulation. CONCLUSIONS A. macrocephala is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb with multiple pharmacological activities. Pharmacological investigations support the traditional use of A. macrocephala, and may validate the folk medicinal use of A. macrocephala to treat many chronic diseases. The available literature shows that much of the activity of A. macrocephala can be attributed to sesquiterpenoids, polysaccharides and polyacetylenes. However, there is a need to further understand the molecular mechanisms and the structure-function relationship of these constituents, as well as their potential synergistic and antagonistic effects. Further research on the comprehensive evaluation of medicinal quality, the understanding of multi-target network pharmacology of A. macrocephala, as well as its long-term in vivo toxicity and clinical efficacy is recommended.
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Key Words
- 12-hydroxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5321038)
- 12-hydroxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 54242098)
- 12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyne-1,14-diacetate (PubChem CID: 132941088)
- 13-hydroxyl-atractylenolide Ⅱ (PubChem CID: 132522412)
- 14-acetoxy-12-methylpropionyltetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132941089)
- 14-acetoxy-12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 14448076)
- 14-acetoxy-12-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132941086)
- 14-acetoxy-12α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319529)
- 14-acetoxy-12α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319530)
- 14-acetoxy-12β-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 14586258)
- 14-acetoxytetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 129844442)
- 14-senecioyloxytetradeca-2E,8Z,10E-trien-4,6-diyne-1-ol (PubChem CID: 132919181)
- 14α-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 5319531)
- 14β-methylbutyryltetradeca-2E,8E,10E-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol (PubChem CID: 102208392)
- 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (PubChem CID: 7041)
- 2,6-dimethoxyquinone (PubChem CID: 68262)
- 2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]-6-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (PubChem CID: 642530)
- 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (PubChem CID: 75142)
- 4-ketone-atractylenolide Ⅲ (PubChem CID: 132522410)
- 4-methoxycinnamic acid (PubChem CID: 699414)
- 7-hydroxycoumarin (PubChem CID: 5281426)
- 8β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4′,5,7-trihydroxy-flavone (PubChem CID: 6420079)
- 8β-methoxyatractylenolide (PubChem CID: 101707485)
- Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443)
- Atractylenolactam (PubChem CID: 101707484)
- Atractylenolide I (PubChem CID: 5321018)
- Atractylenolide V (PubChem CID: 102163989)
- Atractylenolide Ⅱ (PubChem CID: 14448070)
- Atractylenolide Ⅲ (PubChem CID: 11311230)
- Atractylenolide Ⅳ (PubChem CID: 132510447)
- Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.
- Atractylon (PubChem CID: 3080635)
- Atractyloside A (PubChem CID: 71307451)
- Biepiasterolide (PubChem CID: 11351701)
- Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043)
- D-mannitol (PubChem CID: 6251)
- Dictamnoside A (PubChem CID: 44560015)
- Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate (PubChem CID: 5317238)
- Eudesm-4(15),7-diene-9α,11-diol (PubChem CID: 102519767)
- Eudesm-4(15)-ene-7β,11-diol (PubChem CID: 102519766)
- Ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 445858)
- Juniper camphor (PubChem CID: 5318734)
- Lupeol (PubChem CID: 259846)
- Luteolin (PubChem CID: 5280445)
- Palmitic acid (PubChem CID: 985)
- Pharmacology
- Phytochemistry
- Protocatechuic acid (PubChem CID: 72)
- Scopoletin (PubChem CID: 5280460)
- Scutellarein 6-O-glucoside (PubChem CID: 54493965)
- Selina-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one (PubChem CID: 13986100)
- Stigmasterol (PubChem CID: 5280794)
- Syringin (PubChem CID: 5316860)
- Taraxeryl acetate (PubChem CID: 94225)
- Traditional uses
- Uridine (PubChem CID: 6029)
- Z-5-hydroxy ferulic acid (PubChem CID: 446834)
- β-sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284)
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Quan-Long Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jin-Wei Hua
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Wen-Liang Cheng
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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27
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Zhan ZL, Deng AP, Kang LP, Tang JF, Nan TG, Chen T, He YL, Guo LP, Huang LQ. Chemical profiling in Moutan Cortex after sulfuring and desulfuring processes reveals further insights into the quality control of TCMs by nontargeted metabolomic analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 156:340-348. [PMID: 29751287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As a traditional processing method, sulfuring has been used in the processing of many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Desulfuring, which has emerged in recent years, is a new method applied to sulfured herbs so they can comply with regulations regarding residual SO2. Due to the chemical transformations and the residual SO2 in the herbs, both sulfuring and desulfuring have negative effects on the safety and therapeutic effects of TCMs, and Moutan Cortex is one of the TCMs most susceptible to these effects. Here, a new strategy was developed to differentiate normal, sulfured and desulfured Moutan Cortex, and the transformations of compounds in sulfuring and desulfuring processes were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MSE) method based on metabolomic analysis. Our findings were as follows: (1) a total of 119 compounds were identified or tentatively identified, including 9 compounds that are being reported for the first time as natural products; (2) 15 sulfocompounds were generated during the sulfuring process; (3) these sulfocompounds could not be converted back into their corresponding glycosides by the desulfuring process, and the desulfuring decreased the residual SO2,while also removing some soluble compounds in the sulfured Moutan Cortex; and (4) 28 compounds were screened and tentatively identified as markers for distinguishing normal, sulfured and desulfured Moutan Cortex. Our findings provide a new practical strategy for evaluating how sulfuring and desulfuring affect the quality of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lai Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ai-Ping Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 51006, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Jin-Fu Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Tie-Gui Nan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ya-Li He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 51006, PR China.
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
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28
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Kang C, Zhao D, Kang L, Wang S, Lv C, Zhou L, Jiang JY, Yang W, Li J, Huang LQ, Guo L. Elucidation of Characteristic Sulfur-Fumigated Markers and Chemical Transformation Mechanism for Quality Control of Achyranthes bidentate Blume Using Metabolome and Sulfur Dioxide Residue Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:790. [PMID: 29946331 PMCID: PMC6007317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) is a health food and a sulfur-free herbal medicine that is one of the most heavily sulfur-fumigated herbs in the marketplace. In this work, a comprehensive approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis was developed to identify characteristic sulfur-fumigation markers, elucidate chemical transformation mechanisms and characterize the degree of sulfur-fumigation of AB. Non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated AB samples were compared by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Three triterpene saponins (Betavulgarosides II-IV) and two amides (Feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine and Moupinamide) were identified as characteristic markers, which were positively correlated with two active AB components, namely oleanic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. Moreover, the extent of the sulfur-fumigation under different weight ratios of sulfur to herbal materials (1:20, 1:40, and 1:80) was analyzed based on chemical transformations and sulfur dioxide residues. Further verification showed that the ratio of 1:40 within 1 h was reasonable and efficient for herb quality preservation and assurance. This study provides a reliable sulfur-fumigation protocol for the quality control of AB and other herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhi Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaogeng Lv
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yi Jiang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhen Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu-Qi Huang, Lanping Guo,
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lu-Qi Huang, Lanping Guo,
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