1
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West C. Supercritical fluid chromatography is not (only) normal-phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464546. [PMID: 38041976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), now using carbon dioxide as a major component of the mobile phase, has been known for over 60 years but still some misunderstandings remain about its capabilities. Amongst them, SFC is often described as a normal-phase chromatographic technique, based on different considerations: polarity of the stationary phase, elution order of the analytes, relative non-polarity of the mobile phase, non-linear retention behaviour, or adsorption retention mechanisms. All of these assumptions are true to a certain extent, and in certain circumstances. But also, all of these assumptions are wrong in different circumstances. In this paper, the criteria to categorize SFC as a normal-phase chromatographic method will be examined individually, considering all knowledge acquired from the early years of its development. Finally, it will appear that the "normal-phase" glass lens is greatly reducing the true extent of SFC's possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline West
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Orleans, CNRS UMR7311, rue de Chartres - BP 6759, Orléans 45067, France.
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2
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Dispas A, Sacré PY, Ziemons E, Hubert P. Emerging analytical techniques for pharmaceutical quality control: Where are we in 2022? J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115071. [PMID: 36179505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quality control is a fundamental and critical activity in the pharmaceutical industry that guarantees the quality of medicines. QC analyses are currently performed using several well-known techniques, mainly liquid and gas chromatography. However, current trends are focused on the development of new techniques to reduce analysis time and cost, to improve the performances and decrease ecological footprint. In this context, analytical scientists developed and studied emerging technologies based on spectroscopy and chromatography. The present review aims to give an overview of the recent development of vibrational spectroscopy, supercritical fluid chromatography and multi-dimensional chromatography. Selected emerging techniques are discussed using SWOT analysis and published pharmaceutical QC applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Dispas
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium; University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Pierre-Yves Sacré
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Ziemons
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubert
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
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3
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Berger TA. The Evolution and Current State of Instrumentation for Analytical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry: an innovative one-run method for the comprehensive assessment of chocolate quality and authenticity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6825-6840. [PMID: 35970969 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To assess chocolate quality and authenticity comprehensively, a combination of various analytical procedures is involved, thereby making the process time-consuming and costly. Thus, we investigated the potential of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-QTOF-MS) as an alternative to "classic" methods. By combining hexane and aqueous extracts from sequential extraction, a single 8-min analytical run enabled us (i) to determine cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) and milk fat content based on the detection of selected triacylglycerols, (ii) to calculate dry non-fat cocoa solids based on determined theobromine and caffeine content, and (iii) to profile contained sugars. To obtain the most comprehensive information about sample composition, the MS method comprised a full MS scan for non-target screening and several time-scheduled targeted MS/MS functions ("parallel reaction monitoring") optimized according to the possible concentration ranges of the analytes. For 40 different chocolate samples, our results and those obtained by using standard methods (LC-UV for non-fat cocoa solids, and GC-FID for CBEs) were in good agreement. Compared to the conventional approach for chocolate quality and authenticity control, the presented SFC-MS method is a fast, cost-effective, and efficient alternative, and only samples suspicious for the presence of CBE should be referred to the standard GC-FID method for exact CBE quantification. In the study, also some challenges offered by SFC-MS have been addressed.
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5
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Deidda R, Dispas A, De Bleye C, Hubert P, Ziemons É. Critical review on recent trends in cannabinoid determination on cannabis herbal samples: From chromatographic to vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Gazárková T, Plachká K, Svec F, Nováková L. Current state of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Fornstedt T, Enmark M, Samuelsson J. Method transfer in SFC from a fundamental perspective. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Application space for SFC in pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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9
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Evolution of packed column SFC as a greener analytical tool for pharmaceutical analysis. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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10
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Li B, Guo W, Chi H, Zhang Z, Ramsey ED. Key measurements performed using on-line supercritical fluid chromatography to support process design and development. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Underwood T, Hindley S, Knaggs A, White C. Synthetic chemistry screening for robust analysis and purification from discovery through to development. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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SFC in GMP testing and quality control of medicinal drug products. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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13
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Khater S, Ferguson P, Grand-Guillaume-Perrenoud A. Method development approaches for small-molecule analytes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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14
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Jambo H, Hubert P, Dispas A. Supercritical fluid chromatography for pharmaceutical quality control: Current challenges and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Burlet-Parendel M, Faure K. Opportunities and challenges of liquid chromatography coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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de Godoy Bertanha ML, Lourenço FR. Risk of false pharmaceutical equivalence (non-equivalence) decisions due to measurement uncertainty. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114269. [PMID: 34303215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical equivalence between test (generic or similar) and reference medicine is evaluated through in vitro quality tests involving multiple compliance parameters. Despite efforts to ensure the reliability of the analytical results obtained in the pharmaceutical equivalence studies, measurement uncertainties lead to a risk of false decisions. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the measurement uncertainties associated with the analytical results obtained in the pharmaceutical equivalence studies of different pharmaceutical forms and to estimate the risks of false decisions in the evaluation of pharmaceutical equivalence. The measurement uncertainties associated with the test results were evaluated using the bottom-up and top-down approaches. The consumer's or producer's combined particular risks and combined total risks were estimated using the Monte Carlo method implemented in MS-Excel spreadsheet (available as supplemental material). Considering the seven pharmaceutical equivalence studies performed in this work, three studies were not conclusive (risk of false pharmaceutical equivalence decisions higher than 5 %). Moreover, we concluded pharmaceutical equivalence and pharmaceutical non-equivalence in one and three studies, respectively. The particular and total combined risks are useful to make decisions regarding the evaluation of pharmaceutical equivalence between the test (generic or similar) and reference medicines. Regulatory bodies and pharmaceutical equivalence centers are very interested in the estimation of the risks of false decisions, particularly to evaluate the quality of medicines that are not submitted to bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza de Godoy Bertanha
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 15, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rebello Lourenço
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bloco 15, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Separovic L, Simabukuro RS, Couto AR, Bertanha MLG, Dias FRS, Sano AY, Caffaro AM, Lourenço FR. Measurement Uncertainty and Conformity Assessment Applied to Drug and Medicine Analyses - A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:123-138. [PMID: 34152871 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1940086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Analytical results are often used in scientific research, industrial and clinical applications to support decision making. Despite all efforts to ensure the reliability of analytical results (including method validation, internal quality control, use of certified reference materials, proficiency tests, and ISO 17025 accreditation), there will always be an uncertainty associated with the measured value. The measurement uncertainty expresses the quality of the analytical result and allows the comparability between analytical results or between the measured value and the specification limit(s). This work discusses the importance of measurement uncertainty, including the steps involved in the measurement uncertainty evaluation, the bottom-up and top-down approaches used in measurement uncertainty calculation, the measurement uncertainty evaluation in drug and medicine analyses, and the application of measurement uncertainty in conformity assessment for quality control, stability studies, and pharmaceutical equivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Separovic
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan S Simabukuro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo R Couto
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza G Bertanha
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francielle R S Dias
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Y Sano
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur M Caffaro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Lourenço
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Dispas A, Clarke A, Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Losacco LG, Veuthey JL, Gros Q, Molineau J, Noireau A, West C, Salafia F, Zoccali M, Mondello L, Guillen A, Wang J, Zhang K, Jochems P, Schad G, Nakajima K, Horie S, Joseph J, Parr MK, Billemont P, Severino A, Schneider S, Naegele E, Kutscher D, Wikfors R, Black R, Ingvaldson L, Da Silva JO, Bennett R, Regalado EL, Hoang TPT, Touboul D, Nikolova Y, Kamenova-Nacheva M, Dimitrov V, Berger BK, Schug KA, Kerviel-Guillon S, Mauge F, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Rouvière F, Heinisch S, Guillarme D, Hubert P. Interlaboratory study of a supercritical fluid chromatography method for the determination of pharmaceutical impurities: Evaluation of multi-systems reproducibility. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114206. [PMID: 34146950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Modern supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is now a well-established technique, especially in the field of pharmaceutical analysis. We recently demonstrated the transferability and the reproducibility of a SFC-UV method for pharmaceutical impurities by means of an inter-laboratory study. However, as this study involved only one brand of SFC instrumentation (Waters®), the present study extends the purpose to multi-instrumentation evaluation. Specifically, three instrument types, namely Agilent®, Shimadzu®, and Waters®, were included through 21 laboratories (n = 7 for each instrument). First, method transfer was performed to assess the separation quality and to set up the specific instrument parameters of Agilent® and Shimadzu® instruments. Second, the inter-laboratory study was performed following a protocol defined by the sending lab. Analytical results were examined regarding consistencies within- and between-laboratories criteria. Afterwards, the method reproducibility was estimated taking into account variances in replicates, between-days and between-laboratories. Reproducibility variance was larger than that observed during the first study involving only one single type of instrumentation. Indeed, we clearly observed an 'instrument type' effect. Moreover, the reproducibility variance was larger when considering all instruments than each type separately which can be attributed to the variability induced by the instrument configuration. Nevertheless, repeatability and reproducibility variances were found to be similar than those described for LC methods; i.e. reproducibility as %RSD was around 15 %. These results highlighted the robustness and the power of modern analytical SFC technologies to deliver accurate results for pharmaceutical quality control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Dispas
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium; University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, CHU, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Clarke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical R&D, Chemical and Analytical Development, Basel CH4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Luca Gioacchino Losacco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gros
- University of Orléans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Jérémy Molineau
- University of Orléans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Angéline Noireau
- University of Orléans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline West
- University of Orléans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Fabio Salafia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariosimone Zoccali
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lee Ingvaldson
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Jimmy Oliveira Da Silva
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Raffeal Bennett
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Thi Phuong Thuy Hoang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yana Nikolova
- Sofia Tech Park, Laboratory For Extraction Of Natural Products And Synthesis Of Bioactive Compounds, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Kamenova-Nacheva
- Sofia Tech Park, Laboratory For Extraction Of Natural Products And Synthesis Of Bioactive Compounds, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Dimitrov
- Sofia Tech Park, Laboratory For Extraction Of Natural Products And Synthesis Of Bioactive Compounds, Bulgaria
| | - Blair K Berger
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | | | - Fabien Mauge
- SERVIER Research Institute, Analytical and Physical Chemistry Department, France
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Hicks MB, Tong W, Kowalski J, Purohit AK, DaSilva J, Regalado EL. Advanced reaction monitoring of pharmaceutical processes enabled with sub/supercritical fluid chromatography. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Gros Q, Molineau J, Noireau A, Duval J, Bamba T, Lesellier E, West C. Characterization of stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography including exploration of shape selectivity. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461923. [PMID: 33524935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Achiral packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has shown an important regain of interest in academic and industrial laboratories in the recent years. In relation to this increased concern, major instrument manufacturers have designed some stationary phases specifically for SFC use. SFC stationary phases have been widely examined over the last two decades, based on the use of linear solvation energy relationships (LSER), which relate analyte retention to its properties and to the interaction capabilities of the chromatographic system. The method provides some understanding on retention mechanisms (normal phase, reversed phase or mixed-mode) and the possibility to compare stationary phases on a rational basis, especially through a spider diagram providing a visual classification. The latter can be used as a primary tool to select complementary stationary phases to be screened for any separation at early stages of method development, before optimization steps. In this context, the characterization of the 14 columns from the Shim-pack UC series (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), which are dedicated to SFC and more broadly to unified chromatography (UC), was performed, using the LSER methodology. As in previous works, seven descriptors, including five Abraham descriptors (E, S, A, B, V) and two descriptors describing positive and negative charges (D- and D+) were first employed to describe interactions with neutral and charged analytes. Secondly, two more descriptors were introduced, which were previously employed solely for the characterization of enantioselective systems and expressing shape features of the analytes (flexibility F and globularity G). They brought additional insight into the retention mechanisms, showing how spatial insertion of the analytes in some stationary phases is contributing to shape separation capabilities and how folding possibilities in flexible molecules is unfavorable to retention in other stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Gros
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311; Pôle de chimie rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France; Shimadzu France, Le luzard 2, Bat A, Bd Salvador Allende Noisiel, 77448 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Jeremy Molineau
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311; Pôle de chimie rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Angeline Noireau
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311; Pôle de chimie rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Johanna Duval
- Shimadzu France, Le luzard 2, Bat A, Bd Salvador Allende Noisiel, 77448 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Kyushu University, Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eric Lesellier
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311; Pôle de chimie rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline West
- University of Orleans, ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311; Pôle de chimie rue de Chartres - BP 6759 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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21
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Poulton AM, Poulten RC, Baldaccini A, Gabet A, Mott R, Treacher KE, Roddy E, Ferguson P. Towards improved characterisation of complex polyethylene glycol excipients using supercritical fluid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection-mass spectrometry and comparison with size exclusion chromatography-triple detection array. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1638:461839. [PMID: 33434814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and mass spectrometer (MS) was evaluated for the characterisation of three analogues of functionalised polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000 (m-PEG-OH, m-PEG-cm and cm-PEG-cm (where m = OCH3 and cm = OCH2COOH)). These polymers are common excipients in drug product formulations for pharmaceuticals as they help provide the desired pharmacokinetic profile for successful drug delivery. A SFC-ELSD-MS method was developed which was selective to all three polymers, and allowed visualisation of these low UV chromophore materials. The method provided baseline resolution of the individual oligomers which allowed facile calculation of the polymer dispersity. A number of molecular weight characteristics were calculated, which showed the SFC-ELSD-MS methodology to be comparable with the current standard of analysis using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with a triple detector array (TDA). The increased resolving power of SFC compared to SEC revealed a bimodal distribution of oligomers in the cm-PEG-cm 2000 polymer, which was not observed using SEC-TDA and exemplified SFC-ELSD as an orthogonal approach for polymer characterisation with the potential for much simpler, reduced sample and instrument preparation, calibration-less dispersity determination. When combined with SEC-TDA data, this combination allows a more complete characterisation of complex formulations excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Poulton
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Rebecca C Poulten
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Baldaccini
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Anaëlle Gabet
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Mott
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin E Treacher
- New Modalities Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Roddy
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ferguson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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22
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Deidda R, Schelling C, Roussel J, Dispas A, De Bleye C, Ziemons É, Hubert P, Veuthey J. The analysis of cannabinoids in cannabis samples by supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography: A comparison study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Deidda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
| | - Cédric Schelling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Amandine Dispas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicine Analysis CIRM University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Bleye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
| | - Éric Ziemons
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
| | - Jean‐Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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23
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van de Velde B, Guillarme D, Kohler I. Supercritical fluid chromatography - Mass spectrometry in metabolomics: Past, present, and future perspectives. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1161:122444. [PMID: 33246285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, which consists of the comprehensive analysis of metabolites within a biological system, has been playing a growing role in the implementation of personalized medicine in modern healthcare. A wide range of analytical approaches are used in metabolomics, notably mass spectrometry (MS) combined to liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE). However, none of these methods enable a comprehensive analysis of the metabolome, due to its extreme complexity and the large differences in physico-chemical properties between metabolite classes. In this context, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) represents a promising alternative approach to improve the metabolome coverage, while further increasing the analysis throughput. SFC, which uses supercritical CO2 as mobile phase, leads to numerous advantages such as improved kinetic performance and lower environmental impact. This chromatographic technique has gained a significant interest since the introduction of advanced instrumentation, together with the introduction of dedicated interfaces for hyphenating SFC to MS. Moreover, new developments in SFC column chemistry (including sub-2 µm particles), as well as the use of large amounts of organic modifiers and additives in the CO2-based mobile phase, significantly extended the application range of SFC, enabling the simultaneous analysis of a large diversity of metabolites. Over the last years, several applications have been reported in metabolomics using SFC-MS - from lipophilic compounds, such as steroids and other lipids, to highly polar compounds, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, or nucleosides. With all these advantages, SFC-MS is promised to a bright future in the field of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van de Velde
- VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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24
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Drouin N, van Mever M, Zhang W, Tobolkina E, Ferre S, Servais AC, Gou MJ, Nyssen L, Fillet M, Lageveen-Kammeijer GS, Nouta J, Chetwynd AJ, Lynch I, Thorn JA, Meixner J, Lößner C, Taverna M, Liu S, Tran NT, Francois Y, Lechner A, Nehmé R, Al Hamoui Dit Banni G, Nasreddine R, Colas C, Lindner HH, Faserl K, Neusüß C, Nelke M, Lämmerer S, Perrin C, Bich-Muracciole C, Barbas C, Gonzálvez Á, Guttman A, Szigeti M, Britz-McKibbin P, Kroezen Z, Shanmuganathan M, Nemes P, Portero EP, Hankemeier T, Codesido S, González-Ruiz V, Rudaz S, Ramautar R. Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry at Trial by Metabo-Ring: Effective Electrophoretic Mobility for Reproducible and Robust Compound Annotation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14103-14112. [PMID: 32961048 PMCID: PMC7581015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a mature analytical tool for the efficient profiling of (highly) polar and ionizable compounds. However, the use of CE-MS in comparison to other separation techniques remains underrepresented in metabolomics, as this analytical approach is still perceived as technically challenging and less reproducible, notably for migration time. The latter is key for a reliable comparison of metabolic profiles and for unknown biomarker identification that is complementary to high resolution MS/MS. In this work, we present the results of a Metabo-ring trial involving 16 CE-MS platforms among 13 different laboratories spanning two continents. The goal was to assess the reproducibility and identification capability of CE-MS by employing effective electrophoretic mobility (μeff) as the key parameter in comparison to the relative migration time (RMT) approach. For this purpose, a representative cationic metabolite mixture in water, pretreated human plasma, and urine samples spiked with the same metabolite mixture were used and distributed for analysis by all laboratories. The μeff was determined for all metabolites spiked into each sample. The background electrolyte (BGE) was prepared and employed by each participating lab following the same protocol. All other parameters (capillary, interface, injection volume, voltage ramp, temperature, capillary conditioning, and rinsing procedure, etc.) were left to the discretion of the contributing laboratories. The results revealed that the reproducibility of the μeff for 20 out of the 21 model compounds was below 3.1% vs 10.9% for RMT, regardless of the huge heterogeneity in experimental conditions and platforms across the 13 laboratories. Overall, this Metabo-ring trial demonstrated that CE-MS is a viable and reproducible approach for metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Drouin
- Division
of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for
Drug Research, Leiden University, 2311 G Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marlien van Mever
- Division
of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for
Drug Research, Leiden University, 2311 G Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division
of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for
Drug Research, Leiden University, 2311 G Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Tobolkina
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Ferre
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory
for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research
on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Jia Gou
- Laboratory
for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research
on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nyssen
- Laboratory
for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research
on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory
for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research
on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Nouta
- Leiden University
Medical Center, Center for Proteomics
and Metabolomics, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J. Chetwynd
- School
of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School
of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - James A. Thorn
- AB
Sciex UK Ltd, Phoenix House, Lakeside Drive, Warrington, Cheshire WA1 1RX, U.K.
| | - Jens Meixner
- Agilent
Technologies R&D and Marketing GmbH & Co. KG, Hewlett-Packard-Straße 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | | | - Myriam Taverna
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 CEDEX 05 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - N. Thuy Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yannis Francois
- Laboratoire
de Spectromètrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systémes
(LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université
de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 CEDEX Strasbourg, France
| | - Antony Lechner
- Laboratoire
de Spectromètrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systémes
(LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université
de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 CEDEX Strasbourg, France
| | - Reine Nehmé
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708 - UMR 7311, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Ghassan Al Hamoui Dit Banni
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708 - UMR 7311, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Rouba Nasreddine
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708 - UMR 7311, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Cyril Colas
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708 - UMR 7311, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire,
CNRS-Université
d’Orléans, UPR 4311, 45071 CEDEX 2 Orléans, France
| | - Herbert H. Lindner
- Institute
of Clinical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical
University, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Faserl
- Institute
of Clinical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical
University, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Manuel Nelke
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lämmerer
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Catherine Perrin
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34093 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Claudia Bich-Muracciole
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34093 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre
for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización
Montepríncipe, Boadilladel
Monte 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles
López Gonzálvez
- Centre
for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización
Montepríncipe, Boadilladel
Monte 28660, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andras Guttman
- Horváth
Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center
for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular
Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Road, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Translation
Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem H-8200, Hungary
- Sciex, 250 South Kraemer Boulevard, Brea, California 92821, United States
| | - Marton Szigeti
- Horváth
Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center
for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular
Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Road, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Translation
Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem Street, Veszprem H-8200, Hungary
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Zachary Kroezen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Erika P. Portero
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division
of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for
Drug Research, Leiden University, 2311 G Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Codesido
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology
(SCAHT), Missionsstrasse
64, 4055 Bâle, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 4 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology
(SCAHT), Missionsstrasse
64, 4055 Bâle, Switzerland
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Division
of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for
Drug Research, Leiden University, 2311 G Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Plachká K, Khalikova M, Babičová B, Němcová Z, Roubíčková L, Svec F, Nováková L. Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography in impurity control II: Method validation. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1117:48-59. [PMID: 32408954 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study we proposed a screening approach using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography for the determination of 10 pharmaceutical quality control mixtures. Most of resulting methods offered baseline separation of all analytes. However, some of these methods had to be further optimized to ensure their successful validation and applicability to impurity control in drug substance and drug products. Several challenges occurred during the optimization including: (i) the necessity of the resolution of active pharmaceutical ingredient and following impurity equaling at least 3, which was especially difficult to achieve for mixtures of structurally close compounds, (ii) unrepeatable elution of compounds eluting close to the dead volume or at the end of the gradient elution, and (iii) shifts in retention times due to the column aging and effects of additive. The most frequent optimization adjustments involved changes in gradient program. Other adjustments such as the substitution of Viridis UPC2 HSS C18 SB column with a slightly different Acquity UPLC HSS C18 SB column, the addition of acetonitrile in the modifier, and the column coupling also led to beneficial changes in selectivity. Subsequently, validation of all 10 methods was carried out to prove the applicability of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography methods for the impurity control in pharmaceuticals. Parameters recommended by ICH guidelines Q2 and Q3 including specificity, linearity, range, lower and upper limit of quantification, limit of detection, accuracy, and precision were examined. In addition, intermediate precision and the accuracy profiles were determined for selected methods. Overall, only two impurities did not meet the validation criteria due to low resolution and low sensitivity, respectively. Only identification threshold and not reporting threshold was met for this impurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Plachká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Babičová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Němcová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Roubíčková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Svec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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26
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Losacco GL, Ismail O, Pezzatti J, González-Ruiz V, Boccard J, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Applicability of Supercritical fluid chromatography-Mass spectrometry to metabolomics. II-Assessment of a comprehensive library of metabolites and evaluation of biological matrices. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461021. [PMID: 32178859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the impact of biological matrices, such as plasma and urine, was evaluated under SFCHRMS in the field of metabolomics. For this purpose, a representative set of 49 metabolites were selected. The assessment of the matrix effects (ME), the impact of biological fluids on the quality of MS/MS spectra and the robustness of the SFCHRMS method were each taken into consideration. The results have highlighted a limited presence of ME in both plasma and urine, with 30% of the metabolites suffering from ME in plasma and 25% in urine, demonstrating a limited sensitivity loss in the presence of matrices. Subsequently, the MS/MS spectra evaluation was performed for further peak annotation. Their analyses have highlighted three different scenarios: 63% of the tested metabolites did not suffer from any interference regardless of the matrix; 21% were negatively impacted in only one matrix and the remaining 16% showed the presence of matrix-belonging compounds interfering in both urine and plasma. Finally, the assessment of retention times stability in the biological samples, has brought into evidence a remarkable robustness of the SFCHRMS method. Average RSD (%) values of retention times for spiked metabolites were equal or below 0.5%, in the two biological fluids over a period of three weeks. In the second part of the work, the evaluation of the Sigma Mass Spectrometry Metabolite Library of Standards containing 597 metabolites, under SFCHRMS conditions was performed. A total detectability of the commercial library up to 66% was reached. Among the families of detected metabolites, large percentages were met for some of them. Highly polar metabolites such as amino acids (87%), nucleosides (85%) and carbohydrates (71%) have demonstrated important success rates, equally for hydrophobic analytes such as steroids (78%) and lipids (71%). On the negative side, very poor performance was found for phosphorylated metabolites, namely phosphate-containing compounds (14%) and nucleotides (31%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Luca Losacco
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Omar Ismail
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Julian Pezzatti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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27
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Comprehensive online multicolumn two-dimensional liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry workflow as a framework for chromatographic screening and analysis of new drug substances. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2655-2663. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Usual, unusual and unbelievable retention behavior in achiral supercritical fluid chromatography: Review and discussion. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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Unusual effect of flow rate on retention in analytical supercritical fluid chromatography exemplified by polyethylene glycol separation. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460513. [PMID: 31543338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a peculiar effect of flow rate on retention in a separation of polyethylene glycol oligomers via supercritical fluid chromatography. During method development, we tested flow rate gradients and notices that for some PEG oligomers retention times at flow rate gradient were lower than at constant flow with the largest flow rate value used in a gradient. For instance, at BEH stationary phase and CO2-MeOH gradient from 10 to 35% at 20 min a PEG oligomer having mass of 1225 Da has a retention time 14 min at 1 mL/min flow rate, 10.3 at 2 mL/min and 9.5 min at 1-2 mL/min flow rate gradient. The effect is not unified for all PEG oligomers, it occurs only starting from a particular PEG molecular weight which depends on the stationary phase type and/or mobile phase conditions. We believe that such an unusual flow rate effects can happen in SFC on various occasions, not exclusively for flow rate gradients, and thus should be taken into account during method development or method transfer.
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30
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31
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Liu J, Makarov AA, Bennett R, Haidar Ahmad IA, DaSilva J, Reibarkh M, Mangion I, Mann BF, Regalado EL. Chaotropic Effects in Sub/Supercritical Fluid Chromatography via Ammonium Hydroxide in Water-Rich Modifiers: Enabling Separation of Peptides and Highly Polar Pharmaceuticals at the Preparative Scale. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13907-13915. [PMID: 31549812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic separation, analysis and characterization of complex highly polar analyte mixtures can often be very challenging using conventional separation approaches. Analysis and purification of hydrophilic compounds have been dominated by liquid chromatography (LC) and ion-exchange chromatography (IC), with sub/supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) moving toward these new applications beyond traditional chiral separations. However, the low polarity of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) has limited the use of SFC for separation and purification in the bioanalytical space, especially at the preparative scale. Reaction mixtures of highly polar species are strongly retained even using polar additives in alcohol modifier/CO2 based eluents. Herein, we overcome these problems by introducing chaotropic effects in SFC separations using a nontraditional mobile phase mixture consisting of ammonium hydroxide combined with high water concentration in the alcohol modifier and carbon dioxide. The separation mechanism was here elucidated based on extensive IC-CD (IC couple to conductivity detection) analysis of cyclic peptides subjected to the SFC conditions, indicating the in situ formation of a bicarbonate counterion (HCO3-). In contrast to other salts, HCO3- was found to play a crucial role acting as a chaotropic agent that disrupts undesired H-bonding interactions, which was demonstrated by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with differential hydrogen-deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry experiments (SEC-HDX-MS). In addition, the use of NH4OH in water-rich MeOH modifiers was compared to other commonly used basic additives (diethylamine, triethylamine, and isobutylamine) showing unmatched chromatographic and MS detection performance in terms of peak shape, retention, selectivity, and ionization as well as a completely different selectivity and retention behavior. Moreover, relative to ammonium formate and ammonium acetate in water-rich methanol modifier, the ammonium hydroxide in water additive showed better chromatographic performance with enhanced sensitivity. Further optimization of NH4OH and H2O levels in conjunction with MeOH/CO2 served to furnish a generic modifier (0.2% NH4OH, 5% H2O in MeOH) that enables the widespread transition of SFC to domains that were previously considered out of its scope. This approach is extensively applied to the separation, analysis, and purification of multicomponent reaction mixtures of closely related polar pharmaceuticals using readily available SFC instrumentation. The examples described here cover a broad spectrum of bioanalytical and pharmaceutical applications including analytical and preparative chromatography of organohalogenated species, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, sulfonamides, and cyclic peptides among other highly polar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchu Liu
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Alexey A Makarov
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Raffeal Bennett
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Jimmy DaSilva
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Ian Mangion
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Benjamin F Mann
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Analytical Research and Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
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Chollet C, Boutet-Mercey S, Laboureur L, Rincon C, Méjean M, Jouhet J, Fenaille F, Colsch B, Touboul D. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for lipidomics. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:791-801. [PMID: 31652381 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has experienced a particular revival in recent years thanks to the development of robust and efficient commercial systems. Because of its physico-chemical properties, supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2 ) mixed with cosolvents and additives is particularly suitable for SFC to allow the elution of compounds of different polarities and more particularly complex lipids. Hyphenation with mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly described in the literature but still requires many further developments in order to be as user-friendly as coupling with liquid chromatography. The basic concepts of SFC and MS hyphenation will be first considered. Then a representative example of method development in lipidomics will be introduced. In conclusion, the challenges and future needs in this field of research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chollet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immuno-Analyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay. MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Laurent Laboureur
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carlos Rincon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Méjean
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immuno-Analyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay. MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoit Colsch
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immuno-Analyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay. MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Touboul
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Evaluation of global conformational changes in peptides and proteins following purification by supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1110-1111:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bennett R, Biba M, Liu J, Haidar Ahmad IA, Hicks MB, Regalado EL. Enhanced fluidity liquid chromatography: A guide to scaling up from analytical to preparative separations. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:190-198. [PMID: 30803788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) instrumentation, improved detection capability, and expanded modifier range has led to extending the reach of SFC to the analysis of a broader spectrum of analytes beyond enantioselective separations. However, preparative SFC has yet to see the same technological revitalization, especially in regards to the purification of highly polar analytes. Enhanced fluidity liquid chromatography (EFLC) has been demonstrated as one of the ways to extend the applicable range of SFC instrumentation to highly polar analytes such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. Despite recent applications of EFLC for challenging mixtures of hydrophilic metabolites and analogs, its viability in preparative purification, which is of great importance to the pharmaceutical industry, remains unknown. Herein, multiple chromatographic parameters that are critical to achieve feasible EFLC purification methods were investigated, including system pressure as a function of modifier composition (for several MeOH:H2O ratios), effect of diluent injection conditions on peak shape, and optimization of mass load with diluent composition. The usage of 50% acetonitrile or methanol diluents provided the most volumetric loading capacity. In the case of sucrose, leveraging higher analyte solubility in water proved to be more favorable than the volumetric loading capacity of diluents with higher organic content. In fact, an 80 mg injection of sucrose was possible on a 2 cm preparative HILIC column with minimal peak shape degradation. The combined information led to the successful demonstration of EFLC for the preparative separation of sugars using readily available MS-directed SFC instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffeal Bennett
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Mirlinda Biba
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Jinchu Liu
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Imad A Haidar Ahmad
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Michael B Hicks
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Erik L Regalado
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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D’Atri V, Fekete S, Clarke A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Recent Advances in Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:210-239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Clarke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, Chemical and Analytical Development (CHAD), Basel, CH4056, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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