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Song L, Yang BQ, Xie WJ, Gao Y, Shan CX, Peng GP, Xie XY, Gao XL, Zheng YF. An efficient method for rapid screening of triterpenoid saponins in three Glycyrrhiza species using rapid resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with mass defect filtering. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116213. [PMID: 38754155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins, a major bioactive component of liquorice, possess high hydrophilicity and often co-occur with other impurities of similar polarity. Additionally, subtle structural differences of some triterpenoid saponins bring challenges to comprehensive characterisation. In this study, triterpenoid saponins of three Glycyrrhiza species were systematically analysed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) coupled with mass defect filtering (MDF). Firstly, comprehensive date acquisition was achieved using RRLC-Q-TOF-MS. Secondly, a polygonal MDF method was established by summarizing known and speculated substituents and modifications based on the core structure to rapidly screen potential triterpenoid saponins. Thirdly, based on the fragmentation patterns of reference compounds, an identification strategy for characterisation of triterpenoid saponins was proposed. The strategy divided triterpenoid saponins into three distinct classes. By this strategy, 98 triterpenoid saponins including 10 potential new ones were tentatively characterised. Finally, triterpenoid saponins of three Glycyrrhiza species were further analysed using principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonality partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Among these, 18 compounds with variable importance in projections (VIP) > 1.0 and P values < 0.05 were selected to distinguish three Glycyrrhiza species. Overall, our study provided a reference for quality control and rational use of the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bao-Qing Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen-Xiao Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guo-Ping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Urumqi 830011, China; Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang and Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiao-Li Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Urumqi 830011, China; Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang and Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
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Zeng J, Li Y, Wang C, Fu S, He M. Combination of in silico prediction and convolutional neural network framework for targeted screening of metabolites from LC-HRMS fingerprints: A case study of "Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae - FructusAurantii". Talanta 2024; 269:125514. [PMID: 38071769 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel approach is introduced, merging in silico prediction with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework for the targeted screening of in vivo metabolites in Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) fingerprints. Initially, three predictive tools, supplemented by literature, identify potential metabolites for target prototypes derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) or functional foods. Subsequently, a CNN is developed to minimize false positives from CWT-based peak detection. The Extracted Ion Chromatogram (EIC) peaks are then annotated using MS-FINDER across three levels of confidence. This methodology focuses on analyzing the metabolic fingerprints of rats administered with "Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae - Fructus Aurantii" (PCR-FA). Consequently, 384 peaks in positive mode and 282 in negative mode were identified as true peaks of probable metabolites. By contrasting these with "blank serum" data, EIC peaks of adequate intensity were chosen for MS/MS fragment analysis. Ultimately, 14 prototypes (including flavonoids and lactones) and 40 metabolites were precisely linked to their corresponding EIC peaks, thereby providing deeper insight into the pharmacological mechanism. This innovative strategy markedly enhances the chemical coverage in the targeted screening of LC-HRMS metabolic fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Quality Control, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Chuanlin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Sheng Fu
- Hunan prevention and treatment institute for occupational disease, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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Ge S, Liu J, Liu Y, Song J, Wu H, Li L, Zhu H, Feng B. Chemical Profiling, Quantitation, and Bioactivities of Ginseng Residue. Molecules 2023; 28:7854. [PMID: 38067583 PMCID: PMC10708035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng residue is a by-product stemming from the commercial extraction of ginsenosides. To assess the disparities between ginseng residue and ginseng tablet, we employed the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technique for sample analysis. The analyses revealed the presence of 39 compounds in both ginseng residue and ginseng tablets. Subsequently, the contents of total ginsenosides and total ginseng polysaccharides in the ginseng residue and ginseng tablet were determined. The results indicate that while only a small fraction of ginsenosides remained in the ginseng residue, a significant amount of polysaccharides was retained. Furthermore, our evaluation encompassed the antioxidant activities of both ginseng residue and ginseng tablets. Notably, ginseng residue exhibited robust antioxidant effects, thereby showcasing its potential for recycling as a functional food raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (S.G.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (H.W.); (B.F.)
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (S.G.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (H.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (S.G.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (H.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Jiaqi Song
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (S.G.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (H.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Hongfeng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (S.G.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (H.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Lele Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (S.G.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (H.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Heyun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (S.G.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (H.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (S.G.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.S.); (H.W.); (B.F.)
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ZHAO M, LUO Y, WANG H, CAO Y, MA L, PEI H, LI H. Guilingji capsule for Alzheimer's disease: secondary analysis of a randomized non-inferiority controlled trial. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2023; 43:1019-1025. [PMID: 37679990 PMCID: PMC10465832 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230404.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Guilingji capsule (, GLJC) in treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with kidney-marrow deficiency pattern (KMDP) compared with gingko extract tablets. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a large-scale multicenter randomized non-inferiority clinical trial. A total of 120 AD patients with KMDP were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly categorized into two groups: (a) GLJC group ( = 60) and (b) gingko group ( = 60). The GLJC group was treated with GLJC and gingko extract mimetic tablets, whereas the gingko group received gingko extract tablets and mimetic GLJC. The data on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS) was evaluated at 0, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment. The serum levels of acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in the participants were measured before and after 24 weeks of treatment. The safety was based on the incidence of adverse events. RESULTS Both interventions significantly increased the MMSE scores of the participants and decreased their ADAS-Cog, ADL, and CM-SS scores ( < 0.01). Compared with the gingko group, the GLJC group had a higher effective rate of improvement in the symptoms of "amnesia" and "dull expression and slow thinking" at the 12th week and 24th week ( < 0.05, < 0.01). In the GLJC group, serum Bcl-2 levels were significantly increased at the 24th week ( < 0.05). Serum Bax and AchE levels of the two groups were significantly decreased at the 24th week ( < 0.01). No treatment-related adverse events were reported in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS GLJC is equivalent to the gingko extract tablets in terms of improving cognitive function and the quality of life in AD patients with KMDP and has good clinical efficacy and safety. When it comes to improving TCM symptoms and anti-aging, GLJC is even more advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming ZHAO
- 1 Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yimiao LUO
- 2 Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Huichan WANG
- 2 Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu CAO
- 2 Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lina MA
- 2 Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hui PEI
- 2 Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao LI
- 2 Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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