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Tong K, Datta S, Cheng V, Haas DJ, Gourisetti S, Yopp HL, Day TC, Lac DT, Conlin PL, Bozdag GO, Ratcliff WC. Whole-genome duplication in the Multicellularity Long Term Evolution Experiment. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.18.588554. [PMID: 38659912 PMCID: PMC11042302 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.588554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is widespread across eukaryotes and can promote adaptive evolution 1-4 . However, given the instability of newly-formed polyploid genomes 5-7 , understanding how WGDs arise in a population, persist, and underpin adaptations remains a challenge. Using our ongoing Multicellularity Long Term Evolution Experiment (MuLTEE) 8 , we show that diploid snowflake yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) under selection for larger multicellular size rapidly undergo spontaneous WGD. From its origin within the first 50 days of the experiment, tetraploids persist for the next 950 days (nearly 5,000 generations, the current leading edge of our experiment) in ten replicate populations, despite being genomically unstable. Using synthetic reconstruction, biophysical modeling, and counter-selection experiments, we found that tetraploidy evolved because it confers immediate fitness benefits in this environment, by producing larger, longer cells that yield larger clusters. The same selective benefit also maintained tetraploidy over long evolutionary timescales, inhibiting the reversion to diploidy that is typically seen in laboratory evolution experiments. Once established, tetraploidy facilitated novel genetic routes for adaptation, playing a key role in the evolution of macroscopic multicellular size via the origin of evolutionarily conserved aneuploidy. These results provide unique empirical insights into the evolutionary dynamics and impacts of WGD, showing how it can initially arise due to its immediate adaptive benefits, be maintained by selection, and fuel long-term innovations by creating additional dimensions of heritable genetic variation.
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2
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Hu H, Tong K, Tsang JY, Ko CW, Tam F, Loong TC, Tse GM. Subtyping of triple-negative breast cancers: its prognostication and implications in diagnosis of breast origin. ESMO Open 2024; 9:102993. [PMID: 38613910 PMCID: PMC11024544 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtyping by gene profiling has provided valuable clinical information. Here, we aimed to evaluate the relevance of TNBC subtyping using immunohistochemistry (IHC), which could be a more clinically practical approach, for prognostication and applications in patient management. METHODS A total of 123 TNBC cases were classified using androgen receptor (AR), CD8, Forkhead box C1 protein (FOXC1), and doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) into luminal androgen receptor (LAR), basal-like immunosuppressive (BLIS), mesenchymal-like (MES), and immunomodulatory (IM) subtypes. The IM cases were further divided into the IM-excluded and IM-inflamed categories by CD8 spatial distribution. Their clinicopathological and biomarker profiles and prognoses were evaluated. RESULTS LAR (28.6%) and MES (11.2%) were the most and least frequent subtypes. The IHC-TNBC subtypes demonstrated distinct clinicopathological features and biomarker profiles, corresponding to the reported features in gene profiling studies. IM-inflamed subtype had the best outcome, while BLIS had a significantly poorer survival. Differential breast-specific marker expressions were found. Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) was more sensitive for IM-inflamed and BLIS, GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) for IM-excluded and MES, and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP15) for LAR subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of IHC surrogates to stratify TNBC subtypes with distinct features and prognoses. The IM subtype can be refined by its CD8 spatial pattern. Breast-specific marker expression varied among the subtypes. Marker selection should be tailored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - K Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J Y Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C W Ko
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - F Tam
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T C Loong
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - G M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Montrose K, Lac DT, Burnetti AJ, Tong K, Bozdag GO, Hukkanen M, Ratcliff WC, Saarikangas J. Proteostatic tuning underpins the evolution of novel multicellular traits. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadn2706. [PMID: 38457507 PMCID: PMC10923498 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of multicellularity paved the way for the origin of complex life on Earth, but little is known about the mechanistic basis of early multicellular evolution. Here, we examine the molecular basis of multicellular adaptation in the multicellularity long-term evolution experiment (MuLTEE). We demonstrate that cellular elongation, a key adaptation underpinning increased biophysical toughness and organismal size, is convergently driven by down-regulation of the chaperone Hsp90. Mechanistically, Hsp90-mediated morphogenesis operates by destabilizing the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28, resulting in delayed mitosis and prolonged polarized growth. Reinstatement of Hsp90 or Cdc28 expression resulted in shortened cells that formed smaller groups with reduced multicellular fitness. Together, our results show how ancient protein folding systems can be tuned to drive rapid evolution at a new level of biological individuality by revealing novel developmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Montrose
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dung T. Lac
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony J. Burnetti
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kai Tong
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences (QBioS), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - G. Ozan Bozdag
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mikaela Hukkanen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - William C. Ratcliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juha Saarikangas
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Montrose K, Lac DT, Burnetti AJ, Tong K, Ozan Bozdag G, Hukkanen M, Ratcliff WC, Saarikangas J. Proteostatic tuning underpins the evolution of novel multicellular traits. bioRxiv 2024:2023.05.31.543183. [PMID: 37333256 PMCID: PMC10274739 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of multicellularity paved the way for the origin of complex life on Earth, but little is known about the mechanistic basis of early multicellular evolution. Here, we examine the molecular basis of multicellular adaptation in the Multicellularity Long Term Evolution Experiment (MuLTEE). We demonstrate that cellular elongation, a key adaptation underpinning increased biophysical toughness and organismal size, is convergently driven by downregulation of the chaperone Hsp90. Mechanistically, Hsp90-mediated morphogenesis operates by destabilizing the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28, resulting in delayed mitosis and prolonged polarized growth. Reinstatement of Hsp90 or Cdc28 expression resulted in shortened cells that formed smaller groups with reduced multicellular fitness. Together, our results show how ancient protein folding systems can be tuned to drive rapid evolution at a new level of biological individuality by revealing novel developmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Montrose
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki
| | - Dung T. Lac
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony J. Burnetti
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kai Tong
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences (QBioS)
| | - G. Ozan Bozdag
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mikaela Hukkanen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki
| | - William C. Ratcliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juha Saarikangas
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki
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Paukštytė J, López Cabezas RM, Feng Y, Tong K, Schnyder D, Elomaa E, Gregorova P, Doudin M, Särkkä M, Sarameri J, Lippi A, Vihinen H, Juutila J, Nieminen A, Törönen P, Holm L, Jokitalo E, Krisko A, Huiskonen J, Sarin LP, Hietakangas V, Picotti P, Barral Y, Saarikangas J. Global analysis of aging-related protein structural changes uncovers enzyme-polymerization-based control of longevity. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3360-3376.e11. [PMID: 37699397 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive phenotypic changes. Virtually all cellular phenotypes are produced by proteins, and their structural alterations can lead to age-related diseases. However, we still lack comprehensive knowledge of proteins undergoing structural-functional changes during cellular aging and their contributions to age-related phenotypes. Here, we conducted proteome-wide analysis of early age-related protein structural changes in budding yeast using limited proteolysis-mass spectrometry (LiP-MS). The results, compiled in online ProtAge catalog, unraveled age-related functional changes in regulators of translation, protein folding, and amino acid metabolism. Mechanistically, we found that folded glutamate synthase Glt1 polymerizes into supramolecular self-assemblies during aging, causing breakdown of cellular amino acid homeostasis. Inhibiting Glt1 polymerization by mutating the polymerization interface restored amino acid levels in aged cells, attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, and led to lifespan extension. Altogether, this comprehensive map of protein structural changes enables identifying mechanisms of age-related phenotypes and offers opportunities for their reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Paukštytė
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rosa María López Cabezas
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuehan Feng
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Tong
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | - Ellinoora Elomaa
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pavlina Gregorova
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matteo Doudin
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meeri Särkkä
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesse Sarameri
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alice Lippi
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhana Juutila
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Nieminen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Törönen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Holm
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Krisko
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juha Huiskonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Peter Sarin
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Barral
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juha Saarikangas
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
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Han Z, Jia Q, Zhang J, Chen M, Wang L, Tong K, He W, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Qin J, Wang T, Liu T, Ma Y, Chen Y, Zha S, Zhang C. Deubiquitylase YOD1 regulates CDK1 stability and drives triple-negative breast cancer tumorigenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:228. [PMID: 37667382 PMCID: PMC10478497 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant expression of deubiquitinating enzymes is associated with the initiation and progression of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The publicly available TCGA database of breast cancer data was used to analyze the OTUD deubiquitinating family members that were correlated with survival of breast cancer and ovarian tumor domain-containing 2 (OTUD-2), or YOD1 was identified. The aim of present study was to assess YOD1 expression and function in human TNBC and then explored the underlying molecular events. METHODS We detected the expression of YOD1 in 32 TNBC and 44 NTNBC samples by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Manipulation of YOD1 expression was assessed in vitro and in vivo for TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell-cycle and drug resistance, using colony formation assay, transwell assay, CCK8 assay, TUNEL assay, flow cytometric analysis and xenograft tumor assay. Next, proteomic analysis, Western blot, proximity ligation assay, Immunoprecipitation, and Immunofluorescence were conducted to assess downstream targets. RESULTS It was found that YOD1 was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues compared with non-triple-negative breast cancer (NTNBC), which was positively correlated with poor survival in TNBC patients. Knockdown of YOD1 effectively inhibited TNBC cell migration, proliferation, cell cycle and resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Mechanistically, YOD1 promoted TNBC progression in a manner dependent on its catalytic activity through binding with CDK1, leading to de-polyubiquitylation of CDK1 and upregulation of CDK1 expression. In addition, YOD1 overexpression was found to be correlated with CDK1 overexpression in human TNBC specimens. Finally, in vivo study demonstrated that YOD1 knockdown or YOD1 inhibitor could inhibit CDK1 expression and suppress the growth and metastasis of TNBC tumors. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that YOD1 functions as an oncogene in TNBC via binding to CDK1 and mediated its stability and oncogenic activity. Interfering with YOD1 expression or YOD1 inhibitor could suppress TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that YOD1 may prove to be a promising therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lining Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Tong
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei He
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weina Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biobank, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Qin
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 East Daxue Road, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Siluo Zha
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zhang M, Wang X, Zhao J, Yan J, He X, Qin D, Liang F, Tong K, Wang J. CircRNA-CIRH1A Promotes the Development of Osteosarcoma by Regulating PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00812-0. [PMID: 37608076 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenic sarcoma (OS), one of the mesenchymal tumors with a high degree of malignancy, mainly occurs in the metaphysis of the long bones and around the knee joints in children and adolescents. The poor diagnosis in patients with OS can be attributed to the lack of early clinical symptoms, although the growth of tumor mass gradually results in severe pain and systemic symptoms. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of OS are not fully understood. Thus, identifying early diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets involved in the progression of OS is of critical significance in the management of OS. CircRNA is a class of non-coding RNAs characterized by the close-loop structure and increased stability, which are implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Moreover, circRNAs also play significant roles in aging and chronic disorders, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, we reported the upregulation of circRNA-CIRH1A in OS tissues and cell lines. Silencing circRNA-CIRH1A in OS cell lines (U2OS, HOS, Saos-2, and MG-63) could inhibit the cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, which was also validated in xenograft tumorigenesis mouse model. We further demonstrated that circRNA-CIRH1A sponged miR-1276, which subsequently disrupted the effect of miR-1276 on PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Together, our study revealed the oncogenic role of circRNA-CIRH1A in OS, and identified miR-1276/ PI3K-AKT and JAK2-STAT3 signaling axis as the key downstream mediators of circRNA-CIRH1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Bone-Soft Tissue Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Bone-Soft Tissue Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics Hospital, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jizhou Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaodan He
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics Hospital, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danxia Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics Hospital, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics Hospital, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Bone-Soft Tissue Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Tong K, Wei J, Liu Z, Yang X, Hu Y. The early infection characterization of septic arthritis by Staphylococcus aureus after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a novel rat model. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:522. [PMID: 37481547 PMCID: PMC10362564 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to explore the time of maximum bacterial load and main colonization knee site in bacterial infection process based on a novel rat model of septic arthritis (SA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS Ninety-five Wistar rats with unilateral ACLR, random enrolled into control surgery (CS) group; joint inject (JI) group; presoaking (PS) group, were injected with 30 μl sterile saline or 30 μl × 107 colony forming units/ml Staphylococcus aureus via the knee joint or graft with presoaked Staphylococcus aureus during ACLR, respectively. At 1, 4, 7, 11, and 14 days postoperatively, samples were harvested to evaluate progress of knee joint infection by postoperative body weight, body temperature, knee temperature, knee width, scales of tissue damage, serum inflammatory markers, microbiological counting, microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT), digital radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS No systemic infection was observed in all rats. Comparing with serum inflammatory markers, tissue scores of inflammatory reactions, bacterial counts in the CS group, these data were significantly elevated in the JI group and PS group. The bone mass around the bone tunnel was lower and the soft tissue of knee showed more obvious swelling on MRI in the infection groups than that in the CS group at 7 and 14 days postoperatively. Staphylococcus aureus clusters on the surface of screw and graft were observed in the infection group. The whole colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus maintained a continuous upward trend peaking 7 and 11 days followed by a balanced curve in the infection groups. Bone and soft tissue were found to have more bacterial counts than graft and screws. CONCLUSION This animal model effectively mimics the acute knee infection after ACLR. We found that the bacterial colonization exhibited the peak of acute infection between 7 and 11 days postoperatively, with the major bacteria loads found in the bone, soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Zilin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Bozdag GO, Zamani-Dahaj SA, Day TC, Kahn PC, Burnetti AJ, Lac DT, Tong K, Conlin PL, Balwani AH, Dyer EL, Yunker PJ, Ratcliff WC. De novo evolution of macroscopic multicellularity. Nature 2023; 617:747-754. [PMID: 37165189 PMCID: PMC10425966 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
While early multicellular lineages necessarily started out as relatively simple groups of cells, little is known about how they became Darwinian entities capable of sustained multicellular evolution1-3. Here we investigate this with a multicellularity long-term evolution experiment, selecting for larger group size in the snowflake yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model system. Given the historical importance of oxygen limitation4, our ongoing experiment consists of three metabolic treatments5-anaerobic, obligately aerobic and mixotrophic yeast. After 600 rounds of selection, snowflake yeast in the anaerobic treatment group evolved to be macroscopic, becoming around 2 × 104 times larger (approximately mm scale) and about 104-fold more biophysically tough, while retaining a clonal multicellular life cycle. This occurred through biophysical adaptation-evolution of increasingly elongate cells that initially reduced the strain of cellular packing and then facilitated branch entanglements that enabled groups of cells to stay together even after many cellular bonds fracture. By contrast, snowflake yeast competing for low oxygen5 remained microscopic, evolving to be only around sixfold larger, underscoring the critical role of oxygen levels in the evolution of multicellular size. Together, this research provides unique insights into an ongoing evolutionary transition in individuality, showing how simple groups of cells overcome fundamental biophysical limitations through gradual, yet sustained, multicellular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ozan Bozdag
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Seyed Alireza Zamani-Dahaj
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas C Day
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Penelope C Kahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony J Burnetti
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dung T Lac
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kai Tong
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter L Conlin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aishwarya H Balwani
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eva L Dyer
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter J Yunker
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - William C Ratcliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Wei J, Gu H, Tong K. Intra-wound versus systemic vancomycin for preventing surgical site infection induced by methicillin-resistant S. aureus after spinal implant surgery in a rat model. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:299. [PMID: 37055765 PMCID: PMC10100431 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic vancomycin administration pre-operatively for the infection prophylaxis of spinal implant surgery remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and dosage of local use of vancomycin powder (VP) in preventing surgical site infections after spinal implant surgery in a rat model. METHODS Systemic vancomycin (SV; intraperitoneal injection, 88 mg/kg) or intraoperative intra-wound VP (VP0.5: 44 mg/kg, VP1.0: 88 mg/kg, VP2.0: 176 mg/kg) was applied after spinal implant surgery and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; ATCC BAA-1026) inoculation in rats. General status, blood inflammatory biomarkers, microbiological and histopathological evaluation were performed during 2 weeks post-surgery. RESULTS No post-surgical deaths, wound complications and obvious signs of vancomycin adverse effects were observed. Bacterial counts, blood and tissue inflammation were reduced in the VP groups compared with the SV group. VP2.0 group showed better outcomes in weight gain and tissue inflammation than the VP0.5 and VP1.0 group. Microbial counts indicated that no bacteria survived in the VP2.0 group, whereas MRSA was detected in VP0.5 and VP1.0 groups. CONCLUSIONS Intra-wound VP may be more effective than systemic administration in preventing infection caused by MRSA (ATCC BAA-1026) after spinal implant surgery in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Wang R, Xu L, Xu X, Xu Z, Zhang X, Cong X, Tong K. Hydraulic characteristics of small-scale constructed wetland based on residence time distribution. Environ Technol 2023; 44:1061-1070. [PMID: 34651547 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1994018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper designs and builds a small constructed wetland test site to study the internal hydraulic characteristics of different types of constructed wetlands, conducts NaCl pulse tracing experiments, and fits the residence time distribution (RTD) with the CSTRs+PFD model (Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor model in parallel with Plug Flow with Dispersion model). The results showed that, among the six types of constructed wetlands, hydraulic parameters of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with baffles had the best performance, with a tracer recovery rate (F(t)) reaching 43.67% and hydraulic efficiency (λ) reaching 0.81. The addition of baffles slowed flow velocity, increased mean hydraulic retention time (Tm) and peak residence time (Tp), and reduced the short circuits phenomenon. The velocity of internal water flow increased during the horizontal and vertical deflections, which could well avoid the stagnation phenomenon caused by complicated flow state, thereby improving the hydraulic efficiency (λ). The CSTRs+PFD model can better fit the RTD of 6 different types of constructed wetlands. The peak value of the fitted curve, the time to reach the peak and the slope of the curve are all very similar to the measured RTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxi Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Wei J, Zhou S, Gu H, Tong K. Meropenem-loaded Cement Is Effective in Preventing Gram-negative Osteomyelitis in an Animal Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2023; 481:177-189. [PMID: 36135966 PMCID: PMC9750670 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement is routinely used for preventing skeletal infection or reimplantation in patients with periprosthetic joint infections. However, few reports about the selection of antibiotics in acrylic cement for antigram-negative bacteria have been proposed. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Does the addition of antibiotics (tobramycin, meropenem, piperacillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and aztreonam) to acrylic cement adversely affect compressive strength before and after elution? (2) Which antibiotics have the highest cumulative release within 28 days? (3) Which antibiotics showed antimicrobial activity within 28 days? (4) Does meropenem-loaded cement improve body weight, temperature, and other inflammatory markers compared with control unloaded cement? METHODS This is an in vitro study that assessed the mechanical strength, antibiotic elution, and antibacterial properties of antibiotic-loaded cement, combined with an animal study in a rat model that evaluated key endpoints from the animal study. In the in vitro study, we added 2 g of tobramycin (TOB), meropenem (MEM), piperacillin (PIP), ceftazidime (CAZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and aztreonam (ATM) to 40 g of acrylic cement. The compressive strength, elution, and in vitro antibacterial properties of the antibiotic-loaded cement were detected. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into two groups: CON (antibiotic-unloaded cement) and MEM (meropenem-loaded cement, which had the most stable antibacterial properties of the six tested antibiotic-loaded cements in vitro within 28 days). The right tibia of all rats underwent arthroplasty and was implanted with the cement, followed by inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the knee. General status, serum biomarkers, radiology, microbiological assay, and histopathological tests were assessed over 14 days postoperatively. RESULTS The compressive strength of all tested antibiotic cement combinations exceeded the 70 MPa threshold (the requirement established in ISO 5833). The cumulative release proportions of the raw antibiotic in cement were 1182.8 ± 37.9 µg (TOB), 355.6 ± 16.2 µg (MEM), 721.2 ± 40.3 µg (PIP), 477.4 ± 37.1 µg (CAZ), 146.5 ± 11.3 µg (CIP), and 372.1 ± 14.5 µg (ATM) within 28 days. Over a 28-day period, meropenem cement demonstrated antimicrobial activities against the four tested gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli , P. aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Proteus vulgaris ). Ciprofloxacin cement inhibited E. coli growth, ceftazidime and aztreonam cement inhibited K. pneumonia growth, and tobramycin cement inhibited P. aeruginosa . Only meropenem demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all gram-negative bacteria on agar diffusion bioassay. Rats treated with meropenem cement showed improved body weight (control: 280.1 ± 4.2 g, MEM: 288.5 ± 6.6 g, mean difference 8.4 [95% CI 4.3 to 12.6]; p < 0.001), improved knee width (control: 13.5 ± 0.3 mm, MEM: 11.8± 0.4 mm, mean difference 1.7 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.0]; p < 0.001), decreased inflammatory marker (control: 316.7 ± 45.0 mm, MEM: 116.5 ± 21.8 mm, mean difference 200.2 [95% CI 162.3 to 238.2]; p < 0.001), decreased radiographic scores (control: 17.7 ± 2.0 mm, MEM: 10.7± 1.3 mm, mean difference 7.0 [95% CI 5.4 to 8.6]; p < 0.001), improved bone volume/total volume (control: 8.7 ± 3.0 mm, MEM: 28.5 ± 5 .5 mm, mean difference 19.8 [95% CI 13.3 to 26.2]; p < 0.001), decreased Rissing scale scores of the knee gross pathology (control: 3.3 ± 0.5, MEM: 1.1 ± 0.7, mean difference 2.2 [95% CI 1.7 to 2.7]; p < 0.001), decreased Petty scale scores of knee synovium (control: 2.9 ± 0.4 mm, MEM: 0.7 ± 0.7 mm, mean difference 2.1 [95% CI 1.7 to 2.5]; p < 0.001), and decreased bacterial counts of the bone and soft tissues and negative bacterial cultures of cement (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION In this current study, MEM cement had the most stable in vitro antimicrobial activities, effective in vivo activity while having acceptable mechanical and elution characteristics, and it may be an effective prophylaxis against skeletal infection caused by gram-negative bacteria. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Meropenem-loaded acrylic cement is a potentially effective prevention measure for skeletal infection caused by gram-negative bacteria; however, more related clinical research is needed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tong K, Qian K, Wang H, Wang T, Zhang Q. Eliminating the influence of modulation depth by a laser interference double detection system. Appl Opt 2022; 61:9135-9142. [PMID: 36607046 DOI: 10.1364/ao.465587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method of combining a double optical path detection system with a phase generation carrier arctangent algorithm. The feasibility of eliminating the influence of modulation depth by the double optical path detection vibration measurement system is verified by simulation and experiment. Results show that the average total harmonic distortion of the single frequency signal is 1%, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the speech signal is improved by an average of 5.6 dB. Therefore, the double optical path detection system can eliminate the influence of modulation depth, avoid nonlinear distortion, and improve the detection performance of the system.
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Xie B, Cheng LC, Yin GL, Liu BA, Hu ZL, Tong K. [Clinicopathological features of low-grade oncocytic renal tumor (CD117-negative, cytokeratin 7-positive): report of seven cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2022; 51:719-725. [PMID: 35922161 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20220410-00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore clinicopathological features of low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) of the kidney and to analyze its relationship to hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumor (HOCT) of the kidney, renal oncocytoma (RO), and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC). Methods: Seven LOTs were identified from the pathologic archives of two hospitals, including Xiangya Hospital (5 cases) and the Second Xiangya Hospital (2 cases) of Central South University between 2012 and 2019. Clinical data of the LOTs were collected. The tumor morphology was analyzed and immunohistochemistry was performed. Results: All LOTs occurred in adults, aged from 49 to 72 years (median 56.0 years, mean 60.7 years). The tumor size ranged from 2.5 to 6.0 cm (median 4.3 cm, mean 4.3 cm). There were three male and four female patients. Three cases occurred in the left kidney and four in the right. All the tumors were solitary lesions without the clinicopathologic background of Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome or oncocytosis. Five patients had available follow-up data (follow-up period 23-95 months, median 69.0 months, mean 64.6 months) and all were alive without disease. Microscopically, all LOTs were well-circumscribed (7/7). Three LOTs were partly encapsulated. The tumors demonstrated a predominant growth pattern comprising prominently compact small nests surrounded by delicately branching thin-walled blood vessels, imparting an organoid architecture (7/7), but variable numbers of glandular or gland-like structures were often seen among the small nests (7/7). There were frequently areas with loose, edematous stroma, and the tumor cells exhibited reticular, trabecular, or single cell arrangements (6/7). Focal hemorrhage was also commonly present in both compact and loose areas (5/7). In addition, focally cystic formation and ossification occurred in the compact area of one case and in the loose area of another case. The tumor cells in LOT showed intermediate cytologic characteristics between RO and chRCC, including abundantly eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, ovoid to round nuclei with mostly smooth contours, discernable small nucleoli (RO features), frequently delicate perinuclear halos, and occasional binucleation (chRCC features). The tumors were typically CK7-positive and CD117-negative (7/7), and variable staining for PAX8 (5/7), P504s (2/7), and vimentin (1/7). They were negative for CK20, CD10 and FOXI1. All tumors retained SDHB immunostaining. Conclusions: LOT is a rare and indolent oncocytic renal tumor with homogeneously intermediate cytologic features between RO and chRCC. There are some clinicopathologic overlaps between LOT and sporadic HOCT. The distinctive morphology and immunophenotype of LOT suggest that it is potentially a distinct tumor entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - L C Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - G L Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - B A Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Z L Hu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - K Tong
- Department of Pathology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402760, China
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Wei J, Tong K, Wang H, Wen Y, Chen L. Intra-articular versus systemic vancomycin for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection after debridement and spacer implantation in a rat model. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:371-385. [PMID: 35708551 PMCID: PMC9233408 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.116.bjr-2021-0319.r3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Treatment outcomes for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) using systemic vancomycin and antibacterial cement spacers during two-stage revision arthroplasty remain unsatisfactory. This study explored the efficacy and safety of intra-articular vancomycin injections for PJI control after debridement and cement spacer implantation in a rat model. Methods Total knee arthroplasty (TKA), MRSA inoculation, debridement, and vancomycin-spacer implantation were performed successively in rats to mimic first-stage PJI during the two-stage revision arthroplasty procedure. Vancomycin was administered intraperitoneally or intra-articularly for two weeks to control the infection after debridement and spacer implantation. Results Rats receiving intra-articular vancomycin showed the best outcomes among the four treatment groups, with negative bacterial cultures, increased weight gain, increased capacity for weightbearing activities, increased residual bone volume preservation, and reduced inflammatory reactions in the joint tissues, indicating MRSA eradication in the knee. The vancomycin-spacer and/or systemic vancomycin failed to eliminate the MRSA infections following a two-week antibiotic course. Serum vancomycin levels did not reach nephrotoxic levels in any group. Mild renal histopathological changes, without changes in serum creatinine levels, were observed in the intraperitoneal vancomycin group compared with the intra-articular vancomycin group, but no changes in hepatic structure or serum alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase levels were observed. No local complications were observed, such as sinus tract or non-healing surgical incisions. Conclusion Intra-articular vancomycin injection was effective and safe for PJI control following debridement and spacer implantation in a rat model during two-stage revision arthroplasties, with better outcomes than systemic vancomycin administration. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(6):371–385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinxian Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tong K, Har C, Kennedy H, Davoren M. Decision-making capacity regarding healthcare, welfare and finances in a secure forensic setting. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9564983 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impairment in decision-making capacity is a serious consequence of executive dysfunction secondary to serious mental disorders like schizophrenia. Functional mental capacity (FMC) refers to an individual’s ability to make and communicate legally competent decisions autonomously. Studies have shown that FMC is dependent on severity of psychosis and can improve with treatment. Objectives To ascertain the correlation between the scores on a structured judgement tool, namely the Dundrum Capacity Ladders (DCL) with level of acuity of treatment setting and length of stay in a secure forensic hospital. Methods Sixty-two patients were interviewed using the DCL across three domains – healthcare, welfare and finances. Correlation between DCL scores, length of hospital stay and level of acuity of treatment setting was assessed. Results As patients moved from higher to lower dependency wards, mean DCL score increased, indicating a higher level of capacity. Patients in high dependency wards were most impaired while those in the low dependency wards performed significantly better (rs=0.472, p<0.001). The longer the patients stayed in the hospital, up until five years, the higher the mean welfare domain score (rs=0.402, p=0.011) and mean DCL score (rs=0.376, p=0.018). Beyond five years of hospital stay, those who had lower DCL scores and did not improve had longer length of stay. Conclusions Patients’ FMC improve as they progress from high to low level of acuity of treatment setting. However, this is dependent on the length of hospital stay. FMC may be a measure of recovery in the forensic setting. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Tong K, Gibbons A, Byrne O, Conlon T, Kennedy H, Davoren M. Zero violence or zero seclusion. Which is more acceptable in our hospitals? Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9568153 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an established association between serious mental illness and violence. Secure forensic psychiatric services provide care and treatment to mentally disordered offenders. The majority of patients in forensic services suffer from severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, with co-morbid polysubstance abuse and maladaptive personality traits. Psychiatric services are under significant pressure to reduce the use of seclusion and restrictive practices, whilst mandated to provide safe environments for patients and staff. Objectives To determine the number and characteristics of violent incidents in a secure forensic hospital in Ireland. Methods A retrospective review of all incidents in Central Mental Hospital, Ireland between 1st March 2019 and 31st August 2021 was completed. Incidents were categorised into physical assaults and other violent incidents. Demographic measures and measures of violence risk (HCR-20), functioning (GAF), programme completion and recovery (DUNDRUM tool) were collated. Results A total of 321 incidents took place during the period examined, of which 47 (14.6%) involved physical assaults perpetrated by patients. Between March 2020 and August 2021, numbers of assaults increased by 50% and 78% compared to the preceding six-month period respectively. The majority of assaults were committed by a relatively small group of patients. Victims of assaults were more likely to be patients (n=27, 57.4%) and more likely to be males (n=43, 91.9%). Conclusions Physical assaults and other violent incidents happen in forensic and general psychiatric units. Restrictive practices, used in accordance with the law, are necessary at times to prevent serious harm to patients and staff in psychiatric hospitals. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Tong K, Wei J, Li Z, Wang H, Wen Y, Chen L. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Vancomycin-Soaked Autograft to Eliminate Staphylococcus aureus Contamination After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Based on an Infected Rat Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:932-942. [PMID: 35099312 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211068114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin-soaked autograft application in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) significantly reduces postoperative infection rates. However, the optimal vancomycin concentrations and time of vancomycin presoaking of autografts for preventing infection are still unknown. PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of vancomycin-soaked autografts in preventing infection in rats with ACLR. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 102 tendons of Wistar rats were harvested under sterile conditions from fresh cadaveric legs. Contamination with 2.0 × 104 colony forming units per milliliter of Staphylococcus aureus and soaking in different vancomycin concentrations for different soaking times was performed in vitro. In vivo, after being contaminated with S. aureus and soaked with optimal vancomycin solution treatment and sterile saline, the grafts were implanted in rat knees to finish ACLR surgery. At 2, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery, samples were harvested to observe signs of infection and tendon-bone incorporation via general postoperative conditions, serum inflammatory markers, microbiological counting, knee radiographs, micro-computed tomography, histologic staining, scanning electron microscopy, and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Bacterial contamination was eliminated when at least 5 or 10 mg/mL of vancomycin was applied for 30 minutes in vitro. Rats in the vancomycin-soaked graft group (5 mg/mL of vancomycin for 30 minutes) showed no significant signs of infection and fewer positive cultures than did those without presoaking. The vancomycin-soaked graft group had reduced serum inflammatory markers, tissue scores, inflammatory reactions in the joint tissue, and radiographic evidence of periarticular osseous destruction compared with the control group. At postoperative week 12, the vancomycin-soaked graft group showed good outcomes in tendon-bone incorporation via micro-computed tomography, histologic staining, and biomechanical testing. CONCLUSION In a rat model of infection after ACLR, presoaking grafts in a 5-mg/mL vancomycin solution for 30 minutes could effectively prevent S. aureus contamination without affecting tendon-bone incorporation and knee function. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study could provide a specific solution for the use of vancomycin in the prevention of infection after ACLR clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinxian Wen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Joint Disease Research Center Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tong K, Wu X, He L, Qiu S, Liu S, Cai L, Rao S, Chen J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile of OSCA Gene Family Members in Triticum aestivum L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010469. [PMID: 35008895 PMCID: PMC8745296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolality and various other stimuli can trigger an increase in cytoplasmic-free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt). Members of the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) reduced hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels (OSCA) gene family are reported to be involved in sensing extracellular changes to trigger hyperosmolality-induced [Ca2+]cyt increases and controlling stomatal closure during immune signaling. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a very important food crop, but there are few studies of its OSCA gene family members. In this study, 42 OSCA members were identified in the wheat genome, and phylogenetic analysis can divide them into four clades. The members of each clade have similar gene structures, conserved motifs, and domains. TaOSCA genes were predicted to be regulated by cis-acting elements such as STRE, MBS, DRE1, ABRE, etc. Quantitative PCR results showed that they have different expression patterns in different tissues. The expression profiles of 15 selected TaOSCAs were examined after PEG (polyethylene glycol), NaCl, and ABA (abscisic acid) treatment. All 15 TaOSCA members responded to PEG treatment, while TaOSCA12/-39 responded simultaneously to PEG and ABA. This study informs research into the biological function and evolution of TaOSCA and lays the foundation for the breeding and genetic improvement of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (K.T.); (S.Q.); (S.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Xinyang Wu
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Long He
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Shiyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (K.T.); (S.Q.); (S.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (K.T.); (S.Q.); (S.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Linna Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (K.T.); (S.Q.); (S.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Shaofei Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (K.T.); (S.Q.); (S.L.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (K.T.); (S.Q.); (S.L.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (J.C.)
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Wei J, Tong K, Zhou S, Wang H, Wen Y, Chen L. Intra-wound vancomycin powder for the eradication of periprosthetic joint infection after debridement and implant exchange: experimental study in a rat model. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:333. [PMID: 34876010 PMCID: PMC8650465 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-wound vancomycin powder (VP) has been used in clinical practice to prevent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after primary knee/hip arthroplasty. The role of intra-wound VP in the setting of debridement and implant exchange after PJI remains undefined. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of intra-wound VP in the control of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection after debridement and implant exchange. Methods PJI modeling by knee prosthesis implantation and MRSA inoculation, debridement and implant exchange were performed in Wistar rats successively to mimic the one-stage exchange arthroplasty of PJI patients. Two weeks of systemic vancomycin (SV) or/and intraoperative intra-wound VP of single dosage were applied after revision surgery. Results No post-surgery deaths, incision complications and signs of drug toxicity were observed. The microbial counts of SV or intra-wound VP group were significantly reduced compared with the control group, while bacteria were still detected on the bone, soft-tissue and prosthesis. The elimination of bacterial counts, along with improvement of tissue inflammation and serum inflammatory markers, were observed in the rats with SV plus intra-wound VP. Serum levels of vancomycin in all groups were lower than that of causing nephrotoxicity, while no statistic difference was observed in the serum biochemical marker among the groups. Conclusions Intra-wound VP is effective after debridement and implant exchange in our current rat PJI model. Neither SV nor intra-wound VP alone could eradicate the bacteria within a two-weeks treatment course, while SV plus intra-wound VP could eliminate the MRSA infection, without notable hepatic or renal toxicity and any incision complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Department of Joint Orthopedics, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545007, China
| | - Kai Tong
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yinxian Wen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No.169, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Tong K, Chen J, Wang T, Zhang Q. Acoustic graphene plasmon resonator based on gold nanowire arrays. Appl Opt 2021; 60:8258-8266. [PMID: 34612922 DOI: 10.1364/ao.434412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An acoustic graphene plasmon (AGP) resonator based on gold nanowire arrays structure is proposed in this paper. The resonator is designed by continuous graphene layer/gold nanowire arrays/optical resonant cavity. The infrared light excites the AGP in the graphene/gold arrays structure and propagates along the graphene surface. The coupling efficiency can be improved by the optical resonator cavity. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to simulate and optimize the property of the resonator. The results show that the resonator has a stronger optical limiting effect and higher coupling efficiency. The AGPs are a prospective platform that enhances light-matter interactions, reduces spread loss, and exhibits a double resonance absorption phenomenon in the studied mid-infrared wavelength range. The research results provide a basis for the design of optoelectronic devices and more.
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Tong K, Liu H, Qin J, Pan Z, Shangguan Y, Xiao H, Wang H, Chen L, Tan Y. Current status survey of the extramural hospital management of venous thromboembolism after total hip and knee arthroplasty in China. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:787. [PMID: 34517870 PMCID: PMC8438984 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially fatal complication after arthroplasty. Numerous prophylactic strategies and studies to reduce VTEs have focused on the duration of the hospital stay and on few extramural hospitals. This study aimed to investigate extramural hospital management of VTE after total hip/knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) in China with a novel survey tool. METHODS A total of 180 patients undergoing arthroplasty, including 68 THA patients and 112 TKA patients, were enrolled in this study. All patients received anticoagulant treatment management. A survey querying VTE management and adherence, such as therapy information, understanding of anticoagulation, satisfaction with the ability of medical staff, and satisfaction with health care costs, was administered by a questionnaire (TKA/THA Patients' Experience with Anticoagulation in the Post-discharge Period) for quality improvement. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 65.27 ± 13.62 years. All patients knew their follow-up times. 85 % of them were suggested that re-examine at the next 14 days, and the others at the next 28 days. All patients continued to visit the orthopaedic clinic after discharge without choosing other types of outpatient services, such as an anticoagulant clinic or home visit with a nurse/pharmacist or remote evaluation by telephone. A total of 96.6 % of all patients used new oral anticoagulants, and the most common treatment duration was 2-4 weeks (93.3 %). 48 % informed their physicians that they were taking anticoagulation medications when they visited ophthalmology, dentistry, dermatology, and other departments. The overall rate of satisfaction with anticoagulation management was 81.67 %, and 6.67 % of patients were not unsatisfied with their medical expenses. Patient compliance decreased with increasing follow-up time. Continuous follow-ups after discharge significantly improved patient compliance. CONCLUSIONS These results elucidate how we can improve the quality of anticoagulation. Continuous follow-up appointments for 30 days after discharge, especially for individuals over 65 years old, significantly improved patient satisfaction and reduced the incidence of VTE and medical costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China
| | - Hankun Liu
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China
| | - Jun Qin
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China
| | - Zhengqi Pan
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China
| | - Yangfan Shangguan
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China
| | - Yang Tan
- Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430071, PR China.
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Zhang G, Li W, Zhu X, Tong K, Wang G. Anatomy-based application of finger fascia pedicled skin artery branches flap. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:7035-7040. [PMID: 34306460 PMCID: PMC8290635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the anatomy of the dorsal metacarpal arteries and their branches, to understand the positions and shapes of the arteries and their branches, and to observe the capillary network formed on the lateral and the dorsal sides of the finger under a microscope. Based on this anatomy, a finger fascia pedicled skin artery branch flap was designed to repair fingertip wounds. METHODS A total of 5 fresh adult cadaveric hand specimens were infused with red latex. The anatomy of the dorsal finger intrinsic arteries of the 40 fingers (excluding the thumbs) were observed under a microscope, and a capillary network was formed on the lateral and the dorsal sides of the fingers. Then, 10 cases of finger soft tissue defects were repaired using an anatomy-based design finger fascia pedicled skin artery branch flap. RESULTS The anatomical observations indicated that the intrinsic artery on each side of the finger sends four thicker cutaneous branches toward to the dorsal side, wherein the descending branch of the upper cutaneous branch coincides with the ascending branch of the next cutaneous branch to form a lateral vascular chain. A fascia flap pedicled (>0.5 cm) skin artery branch flap was used to repair the patients' finger injuries (8 males and 2 females, aged 21 to 52 years). The wound surface ranges were about 2.8 cm × 1.9, and the flap ranges were about 3 cm × 2.1 cm. During the 5-12 months of follow-up, all the flaps survived well. CONCLUSION The bilateral finger arteries emit a number of macroscopically identifiable capillary branches and form a capillary network using anastomosis between the cutaneous branches. The finger fascia pedicled skin artery branches flap, not <0.5 cm wide, contains the capillary branch of the dorsal finger artery as the flap for the blood supply. The flap can cover various types of distal finger wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518052, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518052, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518052, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhao X, Garcia JQ, Tong K, Chen X, Yang B, Li Q, Dai Z, Shi X, Seiple IB, Huang B, Guo S. Polarized endosome dynamics engage cytoplasmic Par-3 that recruits dynein during asymmetric cell division. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg1244. [PMID: 34117063 PMCID: PMC8195473 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the developing embryos, the cortical polarity regulator Par-3 is critical for establishing Notch signaling asymmetry between daughter cells during asymmetric cell division (ACD). How cortically localized Par-3 establishes asymmetric Notch activity in the nucleus is not understood. Here, using in vivo time-lapse imaging of mitotic radial glia progenitors in the developing zebrafish forebrain, we uncover that during horizontal ACD along the anteroposterior embryonic axis, endosomes containing the Notch ligand DeltaD (Dld) move toward the cleavage plane and preferentially segregate into the posterior (subsequently basal) Notchhi daughter. This asymmetric segregation requires the activity of Par-3 and dynein motor complex. Using label retention expansion microscopy, we further detect Par-3 in the cytosol colocalizing the dynein light intermediate chain 1 (Dlic1) onto Dld endosomes. Par-3, Dlic1, and Dld are associated in protein complexes in vivo. Our data reveal an unanticipated mechanism by which cytoplasmic Par-3 directly polarizes Notch signaling components during ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason Q Garcia
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingye Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zhipeng Dai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ian B Seiple
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Xie XJ, Cao SL, Tong K, Zhong ZY, Wang G. Three-dimensional finite element analysis with different internal fixation methods through the anterior approach. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1814-1826. [PMID: 33748230 PMCID: PMC7953397 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i8.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the modernization of society and transportation in the last decades in China, the incidence of high-energy trauma increased sharply in China, including that of acetabular fractures.
AIM To establish different finite element models for acetabular posterior column fractures involving the quadrilateral area of the acetabulum.
METHODS The three-dimensional models of the normal and fractured pelvis and the five internal fixations were established using the computed tomography data of the pelvis of a living volunteer. After the vertebral body model was inserted in the way of origin matching and all cancellous bones were copied using the duplicated cancellous bone model as the subtractive entity, the Boolean operation was performed on the pelvis model to obtain the model of the complete pelvis cortical and cancellous bones.
RESULTS In the standing position, the maximum stress was 46.21 MPa. In the sitting position, the sacrum bore the simulated gravity load at the upper end. When comparing the five fixations, there were no significant differences in the stress mean values among groups (sitting: P = 0.9794; standing: P = 0.9741). In terms of displacement, the average displacement of the internal iliac plate group was smaller than that of the spring plate group (P = 0.002), and no differences were observed between the other pairs of groups (all P > 0.05). In the standing position, there were no significant differences in the mean value of displacement among the groups (P = 0.2985). It can be seen from the stress nephogram of the internal fixations in different positions that the stress of the internal fixation was mainly concentrated in the fracture segment.
CONCLUSION There were no significant differences among the fixations for acetabular posterior column fractures involving the quadrilateral area of the acetabulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jin Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Lin S, Tong K, Zhang G, Cao S, Zhong Z, Wang G. Clinical Characteristics and Distribution of Thumb Polydactyly in South China: A Retrospective Analysis of 483 Hands. J Hand Surg Am 2020; 45:938-946. [PMID: 32473835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was intended to characterize the epidemiological features of thumb polydactyly (TP) in South China. METHODS Clinical records were retrieved from 1 central hospital in South China to identify the patients with a definite diagnosis of TP from January 2004 to January 2017. The cases were classified by their x-ray appearance. The data collected included sex, age at first operation, reoperation, family history, unilateral/bilateral polydactyly, right/left hand involvement in unilateral cases, classification of polydactyly, and the presence of associated congenital anomalies. RESULTS A total of 428 patients with a definite diagnosis of TP were identified (278 males and 150 females) involving 483 cases, 373 unilateral and 55 bilateral. A syndrome or associated congenital anomaly was found in 26 (18 unilateral and 8 bilateral cases). A dominant thumb, larger and more developed, was observed in 448 hands (93%), and was the ulnar thumb in 433. Owing to postoperative complications, 31 thumbs (6.4%) underwent reoperation. The average interval from initial surgery to reoperation was 4.8 years. CONCLUSIONS Thumb polydactyly had a male predominance in this Chinese cohort, mostly occurring on the right hand with an ulnar dominant thumb. Bilateral cases had a higher incidence of associated anomaly and positive family history than unilateral cases. The need for additional surgery for TP might occur as late as 4.8 years after primary surgery. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Shenglu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
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Lin S, Tong K, Wang G, Zhong Z, Cao S, Feng Z. Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of haemophilic pseudotumor: A retrospective analysis of thirty-four patients. Haemophilia 2020; 26:873-881. [PMID: 32700372 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Haemophilic pseudotumor (HPT) is a rare but challenging complication of haemophilia. This study was intended to provide our experience about clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of HPT. METHODS Clinical medical records were retrieved from the Hemophilia Center, Nanfang Hospital, to identify the patients who had been surgically treated from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2017 with a definite diagnosis of HPT. Their clinical features, surgical management, outcomes and complications after surgery were analysed. RESULTS We identified 34 patients with HPT who had surgical treatment over a 12-year period and five of them had multiple HPTs. The incidence of HPT at this centre was 2.3% over the dozen years. A previous trauma leading to the development of HPT was reported in 18 cases (52.9%). The HPT affected only soft tissue in 7 patients, bone and soft tissue in 25 ones and joint in 2 ones. Preoperative infection and fistula formation happened in ten patients, two of whom were related to abdominal HPTs. Enterococcus faecalis was cultured in five cases with fistula formation. HPT associated with pathological fracture was observed in five cases, two of whom were treated by external fixation and 3 by HPT resection and metallic internal fixation. Amputation was performed for nine patients, 6 of whom had preoperative infection and fistula formation. Their follow-up duration averaged 4.2 ± 2.9 years (range, from 1 to 13.5 years) after surgery. Of all our cases, three suffered from postoperative infection, five from recurrence of HPT and two with external fixation from fracture non-union. CONCLUSIONS HPT patients with preoperative infection had worse prognosis than those without. Surgical treatment plus intensive replacement therapy was effective for HPT but with a high rate of complications. HPT resection and metallic internal fixation rather than external fixation should be recommended for HPT patients with pathological fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihang Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Turan O, Bielecki P, Perera V, Lorkowski M, Covarrubias G, Tong K, Yun A, Loutrianakis G, Raghunathan S, Park Y, Moon T, Cooley S, Dixit D, Griswold M, Ghaghada K, Peiris P, Rich J, Karathanasis E. Treatment of glioblastoma using multicomponent silica nanoparticles. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2019; 2:1900118. [PMID: 32953978 PMCID: PMC7500584 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) remain highly lethal. This partially stems from the presence of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), a highly plastic cellular subpopulation that is resistant to current therapies. In addition to resistance, the blood-brain barrier limits the penetration of most drugs into GBMs. To effectively deliver a BTIC-specific inhibitor to brain tumors, we developed a multicomponent nanoparticle, termed Fe@MSN, which contains a mesoporous silica shell and an iron oxide core. Fibronectin-targeting ligands directed the nanoparticle to the near-perivascular areas of GBM. After Fe@MSN particles deposited in the tumor, an external low-power radiofrequency (RF) field triggered rapid drug release due to mechanical tumbling of the particle resulting in penetration of high amounts of drug across the blood-brain tumor interface and widespread drug delivery into the GBM. We loaded the nanoparticle with the drug 1400W, which is a potent inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). It has been shown that iNOS is preferentially expressed in BTICs and is required for their maintenance. Using the 1400W-loaded Fe@MSN and RF-triggered release, in vivo studies indicated that the treatment disrupted the BTIC population in hypoxic niches, suppressed tumor growth and significantly increased survival in BTIC-derived GBM xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Turan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - P.A. Bielecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - V. Perera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - M. Lorkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - G. Covarrubias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - K. Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - A. Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Georgia Loutrianakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - S. Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Y. Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - T. Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - S. Cooley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - D. Dixit
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - M.A. Griswold
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - K.B. Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - P.M. Peiris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - J.N. Rich
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - E. Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Turan O, Bielecki P, Perera V, Lorkowski M, Covarrubias G, Tong K, Yun A, Rahmy A, Ouyang T, Raghunathan S, Gopalakrishnan R, Griswold MA, Ghaghada KB, Peiris PM, Karathanasis E. Delivery of drugs into brain tumors using multicomponent silica nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2019; 11:11910-11921. [PMID: 31187845 PMCID: PMC7776621 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02876e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers defined by resistance to conventional therapies and rapid recurrence. While new brain tumor cell-specific drugs are continuously becoming available, efficient drug delivery to brain tumors remains a limiting factor. We developed a multicomponent nanoparticle, consisting of an iron oxide core and a mesoporous silica shell that can effectively deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier into glioma cells. When exposed to alternating low-power radiofrequency (RF) fields, the nanoparticle's mechanical tumbling releases the entrapped drug molecules from the pores of the silica shell. After directing the nanoparticle to target the near-perivascular regions and altered endothelium of the brain tumor via fibronectin-targeting ligands, rapid drug release from the nanoparticles is triggered by RF facilitating wide distribution of drug delivery across the blood-brain tumor interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Turan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Tong K, Wang Y, Wang F, Sun J, Wu X. Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on graphene and grating excitation. Appl Opt 2019; 58:1824-1829. [PMID: 30874222 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on a graphene-decorated grating excitation structure is proposed in this paper. The biosensor consists of a three-layer structure, including a graphene layer, a grating layer, and a high refractive index layer. The material of the grating layer is silica. The graphene is physically deposited on the grating ridges. An incident light with transverse magnetic polarization is used to excite surface plasmons in the mid-infrared spectral region, which is highly localized at both ends of the graphene layer. The property of the sensor is improved by the high refractive index dielectric layer, which enhances the absorption of incident light and increases the depth of the spectra. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to simulate the property of the sensor. The structure of the sensor could be optimized by changing the structural parameters and comparing the simulation results. The effective refractive index (RI) on the surface and the wavelength of the reflective resonance absorption peak will be changed when the surface of graphene adsorbs the surrounding analyte. The results show that the relationship between the analyte RI and the resonance wavelength is linear. The measurement range of analyte RI is 1-1.8, and the sensitivity is 2780 nm/RIU.
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Gatza ML, Angus SP, Khella CA, Tong K, Verzi M, Mehta GA. Abstract P2-03-03: BRG1-SOX4 mediates a novel and essential signaling network that activates PI3K/Akt signaling in TNBC. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p2-03-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Triple negative (TNBC) breast cancer, which is largely synonymous with the basal-like molecular subtype, is an aggressive malignancy that accounts for nearly 1 in 4 breast cancer related deaths and disproportionately affects younger women and women of African American decent. Given the lack of drug-able targets expressed by TNBC tumors, few therapeutic options exist beyond currently utilized cytotoxic therapies, and the overall prognosis for these patients remains poor. While TNBC tumors are characterized by high PI3K signaling, clinical trials targeting this pathway have had limited success. Therefore, identifying mechanisms driving key oncogenic pathways, including PI3K, is paramount to understanding the transformation process and enabling the development of rational, personalized therapeutic regimens.
Methods:
We utilized a PI3K gene expression signature as a conceptual framework to analyze genome-wide mRNA expression and DNA copy number data from human breast tumors to identify genetic drivers of PI3K/Akt signaling. Kinome profiling was used to identify changes in the drug-able kinome regulated by these genes and in vitro studies were used to delineate mechanisms by which identified genes mediate oncogenic PI3K signaling in TNBC.
Results:
Integrative proteogenomic analyses of orthogonal genome-wide data from ˜3,000 human tumors from the TCGA and METABRIC studies identified amplification and overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor SOX4 as well as the SWI/SNF ATPase BRG1 in tumors with high PI3K activity. These alterations were predominantly expressed in TNBC or basal-like breast tumors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIPseq) as well as shRNA-based studies confirmed that BRG1 regulates SOX4 expression in TNBC cell lines. Analyses of data from a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in 27 breast cancer cell lines further indicated that SOX4 is essential in cell lines with high PI3K activity and this was confirmed by colony formation and cell proliferation assays. Importantly, in vitro analyses confirmed that both BRG1 and SOX4 regulate Akt phosphorylation and down-stream signaling. Profiling of the drug-able kinome in SOX4 depleted cell lines compared to control cells using Multiplexed kinase Inhibitor Beads couple with quantitative Mass Spectrometry (MIB/MS) identified 21 drug-able kinases regulated by SOX4 activity including TGFBR2 which has been previously shown to regulate PI3K activity. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and RT-PCR analyses confirmed that SOX4 mediates TGFBR2 mRNA levels and co-immunoprecipitation experiments in conjunction with ChIP assays demonstrated that BRG1 and SOX4 form a complex at the TGFBR2 promoter and enhancer region to regulate TGFBR2 expression.
Conclusions:
In this study, we demonstrated that BRG1-SOX4 constitutes a novel and essential signaling pathway which promotes PI3K/Akt activity through TGFβ signaling in TNBC/basal-like breast cancer and leads to activation of additional, drug-able kinases. Given the essentiality of BRG1 and SOX4, our data suggest that targeting this interaction and/or the down-stream components of this pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in TNBC.
Citation Format: Gatza ML, Angus SP, Khella CA, Tong K, Verzi M, Mehta GA. BRG1-SOX4 mediates a novel and essential signaling network that activates PI3K/Akt signaling in TNBC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-03-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- ML Gatza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ; Lineberger Comprehansive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - SP Angus
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ; Lineberger Comprehansive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - CA Khella
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ; Lineberger Comprehansive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - K Tong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ; Lineberger Comprehansive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - M Verzi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ; Lineberger Comprehansive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - GA Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, New Brunswick, NJ; Lineberger Comprehansive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Tong K, Wagle M, Guo S. Antibody Uptake Assay in the Embryonic Zebrafish Forebrain to Study Notch Signaling Dynamics in Neural Progenitor Cells In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1576:273-281. [PMID: 28434166 PMCID: PMC5653460 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can generate cell fate heterogeneity through asymmetric cell division (ACD). ACD derives from the asymmetric segregation of fate-determining molecules and/or organelles in the dividing cell. Radial glia in the embryonic zebrafish forebrain are an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms regulating ACD of stem cells in vertebrates, especially for live imaging concerning in vivo molecular and cellular dynamics. Due to the current difficulty in expressing fluorescent reporter-tagged proteins at physiological levels in zebrafish for live imaging, we have developed an antibody uptake assay to label proteins in live embryonic zebrafish forebrain with high specificity. DeltaD is a transmembrane ligand in Notch signaling pathway in the context of ACD of radial glia in zebrafish. By using this assay, we have successfully observed the in vivo dynamics of DeltaD for studying ACD of radial glia in the embryonic zebrafish forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, ELi and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mahendra Wagle
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, ELi and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Su Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, ELi and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Tong K, Wang Y, Su Z. Phosphotyrosine signalling and the origin of animal multicellularity. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0681. [PMID: 28768887 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of multicellular animals (i.e. metazoans) from a unicellular ancestor is one of the most important yet least understood evolutionary transitions. Historically, given its indispensable functions in intercellular communication and exclusive presence in metazoans, phosphotyrosine (pTyr) signalling was considered a metazoan-specific evolutionary innovation that might have contributed to the origin of metazoan multicellularity. However, recent studies have led to a new understanding of pTyr signalling evolution and its role in the metazoan origin. Sequence analyses have unravelled a much earlier emergence of pTyr signalling in eukaryotic evolution. Even so, several distinct properties of holozoan pTyr signalling may have paved the way for a hypothesized functional transition of pTyr signalling at the multicellular origin, from environmental sensing to intercellular communication, and for it to evolve as a powerful intercellular signalling system for multicellularity. Biochemical analyses of premetazoan pTyr signalling components have further revealed the premetazoan origin of many key features of metazoan pTyr signalling, and the metazoan establishment of others, including the Csk-mediated negative regulation of the activity of Src, a conserved tyrosine kinase in the Holozoa. Finally, potential future directions are discussed, with a stress on the biological functions of premetazoan pTyr signalling via newly developed gene manipulation tools in non-animal holozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixi Su
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Tong K, Sun X, Jiang MJ, Li ZL, Wang Y, Hu XY, Lv ML, Tian ML. [Diversity of agronomic traits of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis and their correlation with rhizome yield and active compositions]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2017; 42:1300-1303. [PMID: 29052390 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The supply deficiency of crude medicinal plant of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis has become a bottleneck for related medicinal industry. An important approach to increase herbal production is to breed high-yield cultivated variety, which characterized ideal plant morphology. In the present study, we collected 99 wild germplasm resources of P. polyphylla and then measured their 12 main agronomic traits and contents of polyphyllin Ⅶ,Ⅵ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ. Followed analyses were used to characterize those traits and explore the potential connection with herbal yield or quality. The results showed that: ①There was ample morphological diversity in wild P. polyphylla, whose variation of agronomic traits reduced according to followed order: content of polyphyllin, weight of dry rhizome, petiole length, stem length, petal length, pedicel length, sepal length, leaf width, leaf length, sepal width, leaf number, stamen number, petal number. ② Most of those traits were significantly correlated to each other and generally represented the characterization of photosynthetic organs or reproductive organ. ③The total content of polyphyllin Ⅶ,Ⅵ,Ⅱ,Ⅰvaried between 0.02% and 0.87% and averagedat 0.13%, which showed no significant correlation with any agronomic trait. ④Plant breeders should play more attention on those germplasm resources with large leaves, large sepals and high stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mei-Jie Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhao-Ling Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ming-Liang Lv
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.,Institute for New Rural Development, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Tong K, Liu H, Wang X, Zhong Z, Cao S, Zhong C, Yang Y, Wang G. Osteochondroma: Review of 431 patients from one medical institution in South China. J Bone Oncol 2017; 8:23-29. [PMID: 28932679 PMCID: PMC5587240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The geographic distribution of osteochondroma (OC) varies greatly around the world. There has been no recent report on OC in a large Chinese population. The aim of this study was to characterize OC by an epidemiological analysis of the clinical data from one medical institution in South China. METHODS We searched medical electronic records from January 2001 to January 2016 in one large hospital in South China to identify patients with a definite diagnosis of OC. Their epidemiological data were collected and analyzed statistically, including gender, tumor site, age at first diagnosis and symptoms, local recurrence and malignant transformation. Differences between genders and between solitary osteochondroma (SO) and multiple osteochondroma (MO) were particularly analyzed. RESULTS A total of 431 OC patients (291 males and 140 females; 329 SOs and 102 MOs) were identified. The gender ratio was 2.08 with a male predominance. OCs were mostly located around the knee (250 cases). 280 patients were in their 0s to 20s upon first diagnosis. The average age at the time of first diagnosis was 20.63 years for all, 18.47 years for males and 25.11 years for females (P=0.000). OC recurred locally in 35 patients (15 SOs and 20 MOs), with a significant difference between SO/MO (P=0.000) but not between genders (P=0.100). The average interval from the primary surgery to local or malignant recurrence was 37.41 months. Malignant transformation was found in 5 patients (4 males and 1 female), showing no gender difference (P=0.549). CONCLUSIONS OC may have a male predominance in Chinese population. It mostly occurred at 0-20 years of age and around the knee. Upon the first diagnosis of OC, the males tended to be younger than the females, and so did the MO patients than the SO ones. In addition, MO had a higher incidence of local recurrence. Intervals from primary surgery to local recurrence or malignant transformation in MO patients were longer than in SO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Hongzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Shenglu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Chengjie Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - YunPing Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
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Tong K, Zhong Z, Peng Y, Lin C, Cao S, Yang Y, Wang G. Masquelet technique versus Ilizarov bone transport for reconstruction of lower extremity bone defects following posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Injury 2017; 48:1616-1622. [PMID: 28408083 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to compare the effectiveness of Masquelet technique versus Ilizarov bone transport in the treatment of lower extremity bone defects following posttraumatic osteomyelitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 39 patients who had been treated at our department for lower extremity bone defects following posttraumatic osteomyelitis. They were 30 males and 9 females with a mean age of 39.18 (range, 12-63 years). The infected bone defects involved 26 tibias and 13 femurs. The mean length of the bone defects after radical debridement was 6.76cm (range, 2.7-15.7cm). Masquelet technique (MT, group A) was used in 20 patients and Ilizarov bone transport (IBT, group B) in 19 ones. The measurements were bone outcomes (union, deformity, infection and leg-length discrepancy) and functional outcomes (significant limping, joint contracture, soft tissue dystrophy, pain and inactivity). RESULTS The mean follow-up after removal of the apparatus was 25.26 months (range, 14-51 months). The mean finite fixator time was 10.15 months (range, 8-14 months) in group A versus 17.21 months (range, 11-24 months) in group B. The bone outcomes were similar between groups A and B [excellent (5 vs. 7), good (10 vs.9), fair (4 vs. 2) and poor (1 vs. 1)]; group A showed better functional outcomes than group B [excellent (8 vs. 3), good (9 vs. 6), fair (3 vs. 8) and poor (0 vs. 2)]. CONCLUSIONS In the treatment of segmental lower extremity bone defects following posttraumatic osteomyelitis, both IBT and MT can lead to satisfactory bone results while MT had better functional results, especially in femoral cases. IBT should be preferred in cases of limb deformity and MT may be a better choice in cases of periarticular bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Yulan Peng
- Operating Room, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, PR China
| | - Chuangxin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Shenglu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - YunPing Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China.
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Tong K, Li ZL, Sun X, Yan S, Jiang MJ, Deng MS, Chen J, Li JW, Tian ML. Metabolomics approach reveals annual metabolic variation in roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan based on gas chromatography-mass spectrum. Chin Med 2017; 12:12. [PMID: 28469699 PMCID: PMC5414129 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal quality is strongly influenced by harvest time. It is therefore one of crucial factors that should be well respected by herbal producers when optimizing cultivation techniques, so that to obtain herbal products of high quality. In this work, we paid attention on one of common used Chinese herbals, Cyathula officinalis Kuan. According to previous studies, its quality may be related with growth years because of the variation of several main bioactive components in different growth years. However, information about the whole chemical composition is still scarce, which may jointly determine the herbal quality. METHODS Cyathula officinalis samples were collected in 1-4 growth years after sowing. To obtain a global insight on chemical profile of herbs, we applied a metabolomics approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrum. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were combined to explore the significant difference in different growth years. RESULTS 166 metabolites were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrum method. 63 metabolites showed significant change in different growth years in terms of analysis of variance. Those metabolites then were grouped into 4 classes by hierarchical cluster analysis, characterizing the samples of different growth ages. Samples harvested in the earliest years (1-2) were obviously differ with the latest years (3-4) as reported by principal component analysis. Further, partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed the detail difference in each growth year. Gluconic acid, xylitol, glutaric acid, pipecolinic acid, ribonic acid, mannose, oxalic acid, digalacturonic acid, lactic acid, 2-deoxyerythritol, acetol, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, citramalic acid, N-carbamylglutamate, and cellobiose are the main 15 discrimination metabolites between different growth years. CONCLUSION Harvest time should be well considered when producing C. officinalis. In order to boost the consistency of herbal quality, C. officinalis is recommended to harvest in 4th growth year. The method of GC-MS combined with multivariate analysis was a powerful tool to evaluate the herbal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-ling Li
- Maize Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Yan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-jie Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-sheng Deng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-wei Li
- Institute for New Rural Development, Sichuan Agricultural University, 608 Room, No. 1 building, 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, 611130 Sichuan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Institute for New Rural Development, Sichuan Agricultural University, 608 Room, No. 1 building, 211 Huiming Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, 611130 Sichuan Province People’s Republic of China
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Chen J, Deng F, Deng M, Han J, Chen J, Wang L, Yan S, Tong K, Liu F, Tian M. Identification and Characterization of a Chloroplast-Targeted Obg GTPase in Dendrobium officinale. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:802-811. [PMID: 27710025 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial homologous chloroplast-targeted Obg GTPases (ObgCs) belong to the plant-typical Obg group, which is involved in diverse physiological processes during chloroplast development. However, the evolutionarily conserved function of ObgC in plants remains elusive and requires further investigation. In this study, we identified DoObgC from an epiphytic plant Dendrobium officinale and demonstrated the characteristics of DoObgC. Sequence analysis indicated that DoObgC is highly conserved with other plant ObgCs, which contain the chloroplast transit peptide (cTP), Obg fold, G domain, and OCT regions. The C terminus of DoObgC lacking the chloroplast-targeting cTP region, DoObgCΔ1-160, showed strong similarity to ObgE and other bacterial Obgs. Overexpression of DoObgCΔ1-160 in Escherichia coli caused slow cell growth and an increased number of elongated cells. This phenotype was consistent with the phenotype of cells overexpressing ObgE. Furthermore, the expression of recombinant DoObgCΔ1-160 enhanced the cell persistence of E. coli to streptomycin. Results of transient expression assays revealed that DoObgC was localized to chloroplasts. Moreover, we demonstrated that DoObgC could rescue the embryotic lethal phenotype of the Arabidopsis obgc-t mutant, suggesting that DoObgC is a functional homolog to Arabidopsis AtObgC in D. officinale. Gene expression profiles showed that DoObgC was expressed in leaf-specific and light-dependent patterns and that DoObgC responded to wounding treatments. Our previous and present studies reveal that ObgC has an evolutionarily conserved role in ribosome biogenesis to adapt chloroplast development to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Deng
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Mengsheng Deng
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Han
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Shen Yan
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Tong
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Liu
- 1 Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Mengliang Tian
- 2 Institute for New Rural Development, Sichuan Agricultural University , Yaan, China
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Li WC, Meng XY, Piao RQ, Zhao JJ, Li ZQ, Tong K, Gu ED. [Brand-New Ge₂₀Ga₅Sb₁₀S₆₅ Prism Biosensor Based on Inverted SPR]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2016; 36:571-576. [PMID: 27209771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on inverted surface plasmon resonance (ISPR) a novel biosensor consisting of Ge₂₀Ga₅Sb₁₀S₆₅-palladium-graphene layer-biomolecule layer is proposed. The refractive index of biomolecule layer alters as biomolecule experience interactions, thus leading to a shift of ISPR angle. On this basis, the spectrum output of sensor is derived by transfer matrix method. The sensitivity, the resolution, the dynamic detection range and the signal to noise ratio of the presented sensor are discussed and compared with the performance of traditional sensors. Moreover, the influences of grapheme layer thickness on sensors are analyzed with comparative study. Finally, near infrared is used as the incident light of the presented sensor. The results show that, the best thickness of grapheme layer is monolayer; the peak intensity of the ISPR reflection is about 80%~90% of intensity of incident light, guaranteeing a high signal to noise ratio; In the visible light, when λ = 632.8 nm, the presented sensor is 1.9 times the resolution of the sensor based on SiO₂ coupling inverted surface plasmon resonance, is 3. 5 times the resolution of the sensor based on surface plasmon resonance(SPR), and is 2 times the dynamic detection range of pre-existing biosensor based on SPR. The application of Ge₂₀Ga₅Sb₁₀S65 prism extends the detection light wavelength from the visible region to the near infrared region. When λ = 1,000 nm, the sensor is 3-4 times of the sensor in visible region. The research greatly contributes to the realization and application of biosensor based on inverted surface plasmon resonance.
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Li J, Tong K, Xi Z, Yuan Y, Hu Z, Zhu Z. Highly-efficient conversion of methanol to p-xylene over shape-selective Mg–Zn–Si-HZSM-5 catalyst with fine modification of pore-opening and acidic properties. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01979f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methanol was high-efficiently converted top-xylene over a shape-selective Mg–Zn–Si-HZSM-5 catalyst, with fine modification of the pore-opening and acidic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Zhiwen Xi
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Zhirong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
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Krieger P, Menna M, Tong K, Goertz J, Kaban N, Irwin J, Heller M. 148 Long-Term Evaluation of a Brief Educational Intervention for Use of Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasound to Determine Intravascular Status: Cause for Concern. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li ZL, Tong K, Yan S, Yang H, Wang Q, Tang YB, Deng MS, Tian ML. [Physiological and biochemical change of Paris seed in after-ripening during variable temperature stratification]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:629-633. [PMID: 26137681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the dormancy physiological and biochemical mechanism of Paris seeds, the seed embryo growth courses, and the dynamic change of 5 enzymes, include SOD, POD, CAT, MDH, G-6-PDH were measured during variable temperature stratification. The results indicated that Paris seeds embryo grew quickly after 40 d in warm-stratification (18 ± 1) °C, at the meantime the metabolic activity was significantly strengthened. These facts showed that Paris seeds turned into physiological after-ripening process. After 60-80 d, the morphological embryo after-ripping process basically completed, and the following cold-stratification (4 ± 1) °C furthered Paris seed to finish physiological after-ripening. After 40 d, the activity of MDH decreased while G-6-PDH increased significantly. This showed that the main respiratory pathway of seed changed from TCA to PPP, which benifited breaking seed dormancy. In the whole period of stratification process, the activity variation of SOD and CAT was insignificantly and the activity of POD was enhanced significantly after shifting the seed in cold stratification process. This showed that SOD, CAT had no direct effects on breaking Paris seed dormancy but keeping the seed vigor, while the POD might involve in the process of Paris seed dormancy breaking.
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Liu M, Li J, Jia W, Qin M, Wang Y, Tong K, Chen H, Zhu Z. Seed-induced synthesis of hierarchical ZSM-5 nanosheets in the presence of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical ZSM-5 nanosheets with honeycomb morphology were synthesized by seed-inducing in the presence of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Junhui Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Wenzhi Jia
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Mengjiao Qin
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Kai Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Huanhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Zhirong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
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Ezeoke M, Tong K, Shi S. A Practical Approach For Modelling The Electromagnetic Radar Signature Of Barefaced Terrain For Remote Sensing. Int J CMEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2495/cmem-v2-n4-403-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Tong K, Kissinger R, Soper H. A-02 * Frontal and Parietal Age-Related Cognitive Decline. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Al-Armaghany A, Tong K, Leung TS. Superficial heat reduction technique for a hybrid microwave-optical device. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:3749-3752. [PMID: 24110546 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microwave applicator in the form of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is proposed to provide localized deep heating in biological tissue, which causes blood vessels to dilate leading to changes in tissue oxygenation. These changes are monitored by an integrated optical system for studying thermoregulation in different parts of the human body. Using computer simulations, this paper compares circularly and linearly polarized antennas in terms of the efficiency of depositing electromagnetic (EM) energy and the heating patterns. The biological model composes of the skin, fat and muscle layers with appropriate dielectric and thermal properties. The results show that for the same specific absorption rate (SAR) in the muscle, the circularly polarized antenna results in a lower SAR in the skin-fat interface than the linearly polarized antenna. The thermal distribution is also presented based on the biological heat equation. The proposed circularly polarized antenna shows heat reduction in the superficial layers in comparison to the linearly polarized antenna.
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Zhu WH, Zhang J, Tong K, Zhi G, He KL. [Assessment of the right ventricular function in healthy volunteers with one beat full-volume real-time three-dimensional echocardiography]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2012; 40:702-705. [PMID: 23141018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the normal value of right ventricle using one beat full-volume real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) and assess the feasibility of this technique. METHODS One beat full volume images were acquired at the apical 4 chamber view in 129 healthy volunteers. The right and left ventricular volumes were examined with the eSie LVA and RVA. The subjects were divided into 2 gender groups (male and female) and 3 age groups (20 - 39 years old, 40 - 59 years old, 60 years old and above). RESULTS Adequate data were obtained in 129 subjects. The RV-EDV was (92.4 ± 21.3) ml, RV-ESV (34.6 ± 9.2) ml, RV-SV (57.8 ± 13.9) ml, RV-EF (62.5 ± 5.0) ml. EDV, ESV, and EF were significant different while SV was similar between RV and LV (all P < 0.05). RV-EDV (r = 0.517, P = 0.001), RV-ESV (r = 0.588, P = 0.001) and RV-SV(r = 0.409, P = 0.001) were correlated well with BSA. RV-EDV, RV-ESV and RV-SV were significantly higher in males than in females (all P < 0.001). RV-EDV, RV-SV and RV-EF decreased with aging (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Right ventricle function can be measured noninvasively by RT-3DE with high feasibility. This novel method contributes to the detailed study of right heart function in various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Tong K, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhou X, Lei X, Xu Y, Zhi G. [Quantification of left and right ventricular systolic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2012; 37:561-6. [PMID: 22772405 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess left and right ventricular systolic function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). METHODS Fifty DCM patients and 50 normal subjects were enrolled. Left and right ventricular systolic function parameters including end-systolic volume (ESV) and end-diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) were measured with RT-3DE. The systolicdyssynchrony index (SDI) for left ventricular systolic function was also measured in the same time. The study compared the data of the left and right ventricular systolic function parameters between the DCM group and the control group. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMRI) was performed in a subgroup of the 30 DCM patients to confirm RT-3DE measurements. RESULTS The results of EDV, ESV and SDI measured by RT-3DE were significantly higher in patient group with DCM than those in the control group (P<0.001). The result of EF was significantly lower in patients with DCM than in normal subjects (P<0.001), but SV showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). In the DCM group, the results showed a significantly negative correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and SDI (r=-0.697, P<0.001), and there was also a moderate correlation between LVEF and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (r=0.496, P<0.01). The results of ESV, EDV and EF showed no significant differences as measured by RT-3DE or CMRI in the patient group (P>0.05), and there was also good correlation between the two measurements (LVEF: r=0.89, P<0.01; RVEF: r=0.85, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Left and right ventricular systolic function in DCM could be evaluated by RT-3DE with left and right ventricular systolic function parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Tong K, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhou X, Xu Y, Zhi G. [Quantitative characterization of vortex flow in patients with early myocardial ischemia by echocardiography using vector flow mapping]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2012; 32:492-495. [PMID: 22543128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively characterize vortex flow in patients with early myocardial ischemia by echocardiography using vector flow mapping (VFM) and explore a new diagnostic index of early myocardial ischemia. METHODS This study was conducted among 105 patients with suspected angina pectoris, who were free of a previous cardiac history with a normal ejection fraction. Patients without significant coronary artery stenoses constituted the control group (n=49) and those with significant coronary artery stenoses (n=56) constituted the early myocardial ischemia group. All the patients underwent conventional ultrasonic inspection and VFM. The velocity vector and vorticity were estimated by VFM. The vortex parameters including vortex flow, radius, diameter, area and vortex relative strength index were measured. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the vortex parameters including the vortex flow, radius, diameter or area between the two groups (P>0.05), but vortex relative strength index was significantly lower in early myocardial ischemia group (23.68∓11.66 vs 20.20∓6.29, P<0.05). CONCLUSION VFM is feasible for quantitative evaluation of left ventricular vorticity in healthy individuals and patients with early myocardial ischemia, and the vortex relative strength index may serve as a novel index for the diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tong
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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