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Milligan T, Yun A, Jr LW, Baslet G, Tolchin B, Szaflarski J, Wong V, Plioplys S, Dworetzky B. Neurology Residents’ Education in Functional Seizures. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2021; 18:100517. [PMID: 35243288 PMCID: PMC8857462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2021.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Wu F, Shi S, Li Y, Miao J, Kang W, Zhang J, Yun A, Liu C. Physiological and biochemical response of different resistant alfalfa cultivars against thrips damage. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:649-663. [PMID: 33854290 PMCID: PMC7981350 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate physiological and biochemical changes of thrips-resistant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gan-nong No. 9), we aimed at clarifying the response mechanisms of alfalfa against thrips. Medicago sativa L. cv. including thrips-resistant Gan-nong No.9 (G9), thrips-susceptible Gan-nong No.3 (G3) and highly thrips-susceptible WL363HQ (363) were infested with different thrips densities (3, 5, 7 and 9-thrips per branch). The quantitative change in specific nutrients, secondary metabolites, defensive and antioxidant enzymes were measured at seedling stage of the three alfalfa cultivars. The results showed that with the increase of thrips densities, the damage indices, SS, Pro, flavonoids, tannin and H2O2 in G9, G3 and 363 were significantly increased, but PPO and SOD significantly reduced, compared with CK. Furthermore, the tannin and lignin contents of G9 were significantly higher compared to 363, but SP content was significantly lower than G3 and H2O2 content which was further significantly less compared to 363. Correlation analysis observed that the damage index of the three alfalfa cultivars showed a significant positive association with SS, Pro, flavone, tannin, and H2O2 (P < 0.01), while damage index and DW, Chl (a, b, a + b), PPO and SOD showed a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01). Based on principal component comprehensive evaluation, the 5-thrips adults per branch were the critical inoculation threshold for G9 against thrips injury because the score was - 0.048. These results revealed that thrips damage significantly increased the contents of SS, Pro, flavonoids, tannins and H2O2, as well as significantly declined the activities of PPO and SOD in the three cultivars (P < 0.05), moreover, thrips-resistant G9 markedly accumulated lignin content, POD and CAT activity, inhibited Chl (a + b, b) and SP biosynthesis to resist thrips damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Shangli Shi
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jiamin Miao
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Wenjuan Kang
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - A. Yun
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Chang Liu
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-US Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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Turan O, Bielecki P, Perera V, Lorkowski M, Covarrubias G, Tong K, Yun A, Loutrianakis G, Raghunathan S, Park Y, Moon T, Cooley S, Dixit D, Griswold M, Ghaghada K, Peiris P, Rich J, Karathanasis E. Treatment of glioblastoma using multicomponent silica nanoparticles. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2019; 2:1900118. [PMID: 32953978 PMCID: PMC7500584 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) remain highly lethal. This partially stems from the presence of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), a highly plastic cellular subpopulation that is resistant to current therapies. In addition to resistance, the blood-brain barrier limits the penetration of most drugs into GBMs. To effectively deliver a BTIC-specific inhibitor to brain tumors, we developed a multicomponent nanoparticle, termed Fe@MSN, which contains a mesoporous silica shell and an iron oxide core. Fibronectin-targeting ligands directed the nanoparticle to the near-perivascular areas of GBM. After Fe@MSN particles deposited in the tumor, an external low-power radiofrequency (RF) field triggered rapid drug release due to mechanical tumbling of the particle resulting in penetration of high amounts of drug across the blood-brain tumor interface and widespread drug delivery into the GBM. We loaded the nanoparticle with the drug 1400W, which is a potent inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). It has been shown that iNOS is preferentially expressed in BTICs and is required for their maintenance. Using the 1400W-loaded Fe@MSN and RF-triggered release, in vivo studies indicated that the treatment disrupted the BTIC population in hypoxic niches, suppressed tumor growth and significantly increased survival in BTIC-derived GBM xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Turan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - P.A. Bielecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - V. Perera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - M. Lorkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - G. Covarrubias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - K. Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - A. Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Georgia Loutrianakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - S. Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Y. Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - T. Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - S. Cooley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - D. Dixit
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - M.A. Griswold
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - K.B. Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - P.M. Peiris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - J.N. Rich
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - E. Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Turan O, Bielecki P, Perera V, Lorkowski M, Covarrubias G, Tong K, Yun A, Rahmy A, Ouyang T, Raghunathan S, Gopalakrishnan R, Griswold MA, Ghaghada KB, Peiris PM, Karathanasis E. Delivery of drugs into brain tumors using multicomponent silica nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2019; 11:11910-11921. [PMID: 31187845 PMCID: PMC7776621 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02876e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers defined by resistance to conventional therapies and rapid recurrence. While new brain tumor cell-specific drugs are continuously becoming available, efficient drug delivery to brain tumors remains a limiting factor. We developed a multicomponent nanoparticle, consisting of an iron oxide core and a mesoporous silica shell that can effectively deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier into glioma cells. When exposed to alternating low-power radiofrequency (RF) fields, the nanoparticle's mechanical tumbling releases the entrapped drug molecules from the pores of the silica shell. After directing the nanoparticle to target the near-perivascular regions and altered endothelium of the brain tumor via fibronectin-targeting ligands, rapid drug release from the nanoparticles is triggered by RF facilitating wide distribution of drug delivery across the blood-brain tumor interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Turan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Lee YY, Lee JW, Kim BG, Bae DS, Yun A. Single Port Access (SPA) Laparoscopic Temporary Clipping of Uterine Artery during SPA Laparoscopic Myomectomy: Initial Experience. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.08.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ruiz Moral R, Aguado C, Amian M, Baena F, Bueno JM, Fernández Fernández MJ, Fernández MA, Fernández JA, Gascón S, Gavira J, González Lama J, Hidalgo A, López Casaseca C, Martínez de la Iglesia J, Merino J, Mínguez J, Muñoz M, Ortega Millán C, Pérula de Torres L, Del Pozo R, Ruiz Moruno J, Serrano P, Sierra Duque F, Yun A. [Pilot study for the inclusion of the portfolio of the family medicine specialist book in training]. Aten Primaria 2007; 39:479-83. [PMID: 17919400 PMCID: PMC7659574 DOI: 10.1157/13109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Spanish Family Medicine National Commission is proposing a new portfolio-type Specialist Training Book (STB). OBJECTIVE To pilot its contents, structure, and implementation strategies. DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING A Provincial Family Medicine Teaching Unit. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight tutors and 36 residents. METHODS For 9 months the participants conducted a training assessment on diverse areas of competence by means of tasks at work. Tutors recorded information on the quality of reflection achieved by residents and the tasks they performed by means of the card model proposed in the STB. Residents filled in an ad hoc survey. A univariate analysis of quantitative data was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-three surveys were received from residents; 21 tutors handed in 67 evaluation reports (average: 3 per tutor). They dealt with all the areas of competence, particularly those of communication, teaching, and ethics. Tasks most used were clinical sessions, critical incidents and video-recording. Both tutors and residents thought that the new method could be useful for reflecting on clinical practice, understanding their own areas of competence better and for strengthening the tutor-trainee relationship, especially if some suggestions to improve its practical use and reduce time and effort involved were taken into account. CONCLUSIONS The new STB in its current version or with some modifications is a useful tool for residents' training assessment and is probably accepted well in our ambit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Ruiz Moral
- Unidad Docente de Medicina de Familia de Córdoba, Blanco Soler 4, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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Hornick JL, Sharifi J, Khawli LA, Hu P, Biela BH, Mizokami MM, Yun A, Taylor CR, Epstein AL. A new chemically modified chimeric TNT-3 monoclonal antibody directed against DNA for the radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 1998; 13:255-68. [PMID: 10850361 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.1998.13.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last several years, our laboratory has developed a new approach to the radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors, designated Tumor Necrosis Treatment (TNT), that exploits the presence of degenerating and necrotic cells within tumors by utilizing MAbs directed against universal, intracellular antigens. The first TNT MAb developed by our laboratory, designated TNT-1, was directed against nucleosomal determinants consisting of histone H1 and DNA. Since absolute tumor accretion of MAb is a critical determinant of antitumor efficacy in radioimmunotherapy, we sought to identify new antinuclear antibodies that displayed high tumor localization properties. In the present study, we describe a murine antinuclear antibody, TNT-3, which demonstrates 3-fold higher tumor uptake than TNT-1. Because of this characteristic, a chimeric derivative designated chTNT-3 was developed and evaluated for antigen binding and tumor targeting. ELISA studies using a series of nuclear antigens confirmed that TNT-3 is directed against single-stranded DNA and does not cross react with TNT-1. Immunohistology reveals predominantly nuclear staining reactivity in human tissues and tumors. Since it was shown by our laboratory that charge modification can significantly improve the pharmacokinetic performance of monoclonal antibodies, chTNT-3 was chemically modified with biotin to generate an improved therapeutic reagent designated chTNT-3/B. Comparative studies with unmodified MAb demonstrated that biotinylation significantly shortened its clearance time in mice and produced lower normal tissue levels, while maintaining an equal amount of uptake in tumor xenografts for up to 10 days. These in vivo characteristics suggest that chTNT-3/B is an improved TNT reagent for the radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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Lim MY, Fry K, Yun A, Chong S, Linnen J, Fung K, Kim JP. Sequence variation and phylogenetic analysis of envelope glycoprotein of hepatitis G virus. J Gen Virol 1997; 78 ( Pt 11):2771-7. [PMID: 9367362 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A transfusion-transmissible agent provisionally designated hepatitis G virus (HGV) was recently identified. In this study, we examined the variability of the HGV genome by analysing sequences in the putative envelope region from 72 isolates obtained from diverse geographical sources. The 1561 nucleotide sequence of the E1/E2/NS2a region of HGV was determined from 12 isolates, and compared with three published sequences. The most variability was observed in 400 nucleotides at the N terminus of E2. We next analysed this 400 nucleotide envelope variable region (EV) from an additional 60 HGV isolates. This sequence varied considerably among the 75 isolates, with overall identity ranging from 79.3% to 99.5% at the nucleotide level, and from 83.5% to 100% at the amino acid level. However, hypervariable regions were not identified. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the 75 HGV isolates belong to a single genotype. A single-tier distribution of evolutionary distances was observed among the 15 E1/E2/NS2a sequences and the 75 EV sequences. In contrast, 11 isolates of HCV were analysed and showed a three-tiered distribution, representing genotypes, subtypes, and isolates. The 75 isolates of HGV fell into four clusters on the phylogenetic tree. Tight geographical clustering was observed among the HGV isolates from Japan and Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Lim
- Genelabs Technologies, Inc., Redwood City, California 94063, USA.
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Moaven LD, Locarnini SA, Bowden DS, Kim JP, Breschkin A, McCaw R, Yun A, Wages J, Jones B, Angus P. Hepatitis G virus and fulminant hepatic failure: evidence for transfusion-related infection. J Hepatol 1997; 27:613-9. [PMID: 9365036 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In the majority of cases of fulminant "viral" hepatitis in Australia, no known aetiological agent can be isolated. We have examined the possible role of the recently discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV) in such cases. METHODS An HGV specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on pre- and post-liver transplant serum from 14 patients who were referred for transplantation at our unit between 1989 and 1995 for unexplained fulminant hepatic failure. Eleven patients successfully underwent transplantation and three died while waiting for a suitable donor organ. Hepatitis viruses A-E were excluded by standard serological and PCR based testing. HGV RT-PCR was also performed on 21 other, randomly selected, liver transplant recipients ("controls"). RESULTS The 14 fulminant cases were HGV RT-PCR negative prior to transplantation while five of 21 controls were positive. Post-transplant, eight of the 11 fulminant patients were found to be HGV RT-PCR positive and the same five controls remained HGV RT-PCR positive. In three of the eight fulminant patients the HGV infection resolved. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that HGV infection is unlikely to be responsible for fulminant hepatitis and that it is probably acquired from blood and/or blood products during the transplantation process. Furthermore, long-term carriage of HGV post-transplant is not associated with clinically apparent liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Moaven
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Fairfield Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Karayiannis P, Hadziyannis SJ, Kim J, Pickering JM, Piatak M, Hess G, Yun A, McGarvey MJ, Wages J, Thomas HC. Hepatitis G virus infection: clinical characteristics and response to interferon. J Viral Hepat 1997; 4:37-44. [PMID: 9031063 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.1997.00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the Flaviviridae family has recently been cloned and completely sequenced. The new virus, tentatively named hepatitis G virus (HGV) and known to be closely related to GB virus C (GBV-C), is transmitted by blood and blood products, intravenous drug use and other behaviour associated with a high risk of parenteral exposure to blood. The association of the virus with hepatitis is demonstrated by the presence of raised liver transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, ALT) levels in patients infected with HGV in the absence of other identifiable causes of hepatitis. No patient sera from groups exposed to blood and blood products were found to be positive when tested for the presence of GBV-A or GBV-B sequences, two other recently described flaviviruses. Forty-five per cent of the HGV-infected patients investigated had normal ALT suggesting the existence of a normal carrier state. Persistent infection of up to 13 years duration was observed. Co-infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C viruses (HBV and HCV) was commonly seen presumably because of shared risk factors. None of five patients with fulminant hepatic failure was positive for HGV infection. The virus is sensitive to interferon-alpha, but sustained responses were not seen with the treatment regimens used for HBV and HCV. Viral titres increased during immunosuppression following liver transplantation and the higher levels of viraemia were in one case accompanied by elavated ALT. Whether HGV (GBV-C) replicates in the liver in some or all cases remains to be established. Preliminary data suggest that it is present within peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Female
- Flaviviridae/genetics
- Hepatitis B/complications
- Hepatitis C/complications
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/blood
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/complications
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Liver Transplantation/adverse effects
- Male
- RNA, Viral/blood
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karayiannis
- Academic Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College, London, UK
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Berenguer M, Terrault NA, Piatak M, Yun A, Kim JP, Lau JY, Lake JR, Roberts JR, Ascher NL, Ferrell L, Wright TL. Hepatitis G virus infection in patients with hepatitis C virus infection undergoing liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 1996; 111:1569-75. [PMID: 8942736 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(96)70019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is transmissible by blood transfusion, but its role in chronic liver disease is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HGV infection in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing transplantation and evaluate the effects of HGV coinfection on the course of posttransplantation HCV infection. METHODS One hundred twenty-four patients infected with HCV undergoing liver transplantation were studied. Serum samples were tested for HCV and HGV RNA; HCV RNA was quantitated by branched DNA assay, and HCV genotype was determined. RESULTS The prevalence of pretransplantation and posttransplantation HGV infection was 24% and 28%, respectively. Pre-transplantation HGV infection was positively correlated with posttransplantation HGV infection (P < 0.001). Pretransplantation clinical features were not different in patients infected with HCV with and without HGV infection. Posttransplantation HCV RNA levels were not significantly different in patients with and without HGV coinfection, but HCV genotype 1b was more frequent in patients with HGV coinfection. There were no differences in the histological severity of posttransplantation liver disease, graft, and patient survival between patients with and without HGV infection. CONCLUSIONS Although HGV coinfection is frequent in patients with end-stage HCV disease undergoing liver transplantation, there is no association between the presence of HGV coinfection and the severity of liver disease post-transplantation, graft, or patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berenguer
- Department of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Hu P, Hornick JL, Glasky MS, Yun A, Milkie MN, Khawli LA, Anderson PM, Epstein AL. A chimeric Lym-1/interleukin 2 fusion protein for increasing tumor vascular permeability and enhancing antibody uptake. Cancer Res 1996; 56:4998-5004. [PMID: 8895756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A murine antihuman B-cell monoclonal antibody, Lym-1, has shown considerable promise for the treatment of human malignant lymphomas. To enhance its clinical potential, a genetically engineered fusion protein consisting of a chimeric Lym-1 (chLym-1) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) was tested for mediating cytotoxicity, increasing vasopermeability, and enhancing antibody uptake in human malignant lymphomas. The chLym-1/IL-2 fusion protein, which was expressed initially in a baculovirus system and more recently in the glutamine synthetase gene amplification system, was shown to be processed and assembled into a normal immunoglobulin monomer with two IL-2 molecules per antibody. It was found to be equivalent to the chLym-1 antibody in antigen-binding specificity and relative affinity. In addition, it maintains IL-2 cytokine activity as demonstrated by support of T-cell proliferation. Moreover, in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays against Raji target cells, chLym-1/IL-2 had approximately 2-fold and 4-fold higher cytotoxicity than chLym-1 and murine Lym-1, respectively. Used as a pretreatment, chLym-1/IL-2 enhances the uptake of chLym-1 at the tumor site by altering the permeability of tumor vessels producing tumor:normal organ ratios of 420:1 for blood and 1708:1 for muscle at 3 days. The in vitro and in vivo activities of chLym-1/IL-2, therefore, suggest that this genetically engineered antibody fusion protein may represent a new immunotherapeutic reagent for the treatment of human malignant lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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13
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Sprung J, Krasna MJ, Yun A, Thomas P, Bourke DL. Treatment of a bronchopleural fistula with a Fogarty catheter and oxidized regenerated cellulose (surgicel). Chest 1994; 105:1879-81. [PMID: 8205897 DOI: 10.1378/chest.105.6.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A patient with bronchopleural fistula was successfully treated by occluding the fistula with an inflated Fogarty catheter balloon packed with oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel) using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. After 48 h, the balloon was deflated, the fistula had sealed, and the patient did well. This simple and relatively noninvasive therapy was effective in this patient who was not a surgical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sprung
- Anesthesiology Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center
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Abstract
A sensitive and selective reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was introduced for the determination of salmon calcitonin (sCT) in solutions containing bovine serum albumin or gelatin. The method was based on the sensitive fluorescence detection of sCT by postcolumn derivatization with o-phthal(di)aldehyde. The sample was loaded onto a reversed phase column, purified by column switching and separated with linear gradient elution using the ion pair technique. A linear relationship was obtained between the peak height and the amount injected in the concentration range 1-40 ng. The detection limit was 10 ng/mL (S/N = 3) at a sample injection volume of 100 microL.
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Van Engen D, Rahman MD, Yun A, Pascal RA. Structures of 3 beta-tetrahydropyranyloxy-5 alpha-cholesta-20(21),24-diene and 3 beta-tetrahydropyranyloxy-21-nor-5 alpha-ergost-24-en-20-one. Acta Crystallogr C 1991; 47 ( Pt 12):2591-4. [PMID: 1812913 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270191006224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
3 beta-Tetrahydropyranyloxy-5 alpha-cholesta-20(21),24-diene: C32H52O2, Mr = 468.77, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 6.710 (4), b = 11.361 (4), c = 37.812 (11) A, V = 2882 (2) A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.08 g cm-3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.54178 A, mu = 4.60 cm-1, F(000) = 1040, T = 224 K, final R = 0.088 for 1729 unique observed reflections. 3 beta-Tetrahydropyranyloxy-21-nor-5 alpha-ergost- 24-en-20-one: C32H52O3, Mr = 484.77, triclinic, P1, a = 6.640 (2), b = 9.589 (2), c = 12.202 (3) A, alpha = 111.33 (2), beta = 101.22, gamma = 90.27 (2) degrees, V = 707.4 (3) A3, Z = 1, Dx = 1.14 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K alpha) = 0.71069 A, mu = 0.8 cm-1, F(000) = 268, T = 225 K, final R = 0.058 for 2208 unique observed reflections. The configuration at C(17) of these synthetic sterol derivatives, which had been uncertain, is unambiguously established to be 'normal' (possessing a 17 alpha-H).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Van Engen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544
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