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Impact of Salinity on the Energy Transfer between Pigment-Protein Complexes in Photosynthetic Apparatus, Functions of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex and Photochemical Activities of Photosystem II and Photosystem I in Two Paulownia Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043108. [PMID: 36834517 PMCID: PMC9967322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study shows the effect of salinity on the functions of thylakoid membranes from two hybrid lines of Paulownia: Paulownia tomentosa x fortunei and Paulownia elongate x elongata, grown in a Hoagland solution with two NaCl concentrations (100 and 150 mM) and different exposure times (10 and 25 days). We observed inhibition of the photochemical activities of photosystem I (DCPIH2 → MV) and photosystem II (H2O → BQ) only after the short treatment (10 days) with the higher NaCl concentration. Data also revealed alterations in the energy transfer between pigment-protein complexes (fluorescence emission ratios F735/F685 and F695/F685), the kinetic parameters of the oxygen-evolving reactions (initial S0-S1 state distribution, misses (α), double hits (β) and blocked centers (SB)). Moreover, the experimental results showed that after prolonged treatment with NaCl Paulownia tomentosa x fortunei adapted to the higher concentration of NaCl (150 mM), while this concentration is lethal for Paulownia elongata x elongata. This study demonstrated the relationship between the salt-induced inhibition of the photochemistry of both photosystems and the salt-induced changes in the energy transfer between the pigment-protein complexes and the alterations in the Mn cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex under salt stress.
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2
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Stefanov MA, Rashkov GD, Apostolova EL. Assessment of the Photosynthetic Apparatus Functions by Chlorophyll Fluorescence and P 700 Absorbance in C3 and C4 Plants under Physiological Conditions and under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3768. [PMID: 35409126 PMCID: PMC8998893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functions of the photosynthetic apparatus of C3 (Pisum sativum L.) and C4 (Zea mays L.) plants under physiological conditions and after treatment with different NaCl concentrations (0-200 mM) were investigated using chlorophyll a fluorescence (pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) and JIP test) and P700 photooxidation measurement. Data revealed lower density of the photosynthetic structures (RC/CSo), larger relative size of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool (N) and higher electron transport capacity and photosynthetic rate (parameter RFd) in C4 than in C3 plants. Furthermore, the differences were observed between the two studied species in the parameters characterizing the possibility of reduction in the photosystem (PSI) end acceptors (REo/RC, REo/CSo and δRo). Data revealed that NaCl treatment caused a decrease in the density of the photosynthetic structures and relative size of the PQ pool as well as decrease in the electron transport to the PSI end electron acceptors and the probability of their reduction as well as an increase in the thermal dissipation. The effects were stronger in pea than in maize. The enhanced energy losses after high salt treatment in maize were mainly from the increase in the regulated energy losses (ΦNPQ), while in pea from the increase in non-regulated energy losses (ΦNO). The reduction in the electron transport from QA to the PSI end electron acceptors influenced PSI activity. Analysis of the P700 photooxidation and its decay kinetics revealed an influence of two PSI populations in pea after treatment with 150 mM and 200 mM NaCl, while in maize the negligible changes were registered only at 200 mM NaCl. The experimental results clearly show less salt tolerance of pea than maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilia L. Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.A.S.); (G.D.R.)
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Phytotoxic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) essential oil and its possible use as bio-herbicide. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Elshoky HA, Yotsova E, Farghali MA, Farroh KY, El-Sayed K, Elzorkany HE, Rashkov G, Dobrikova A, Borisova P, Stefanov M, Ali MA, Apostolova E. Impact of foliar spray of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the photosynthesis of Pisum sativum L. under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:607-618. [PMID: 34464827 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impacts of zinc oxide nanoparticles: bare (ZnO NPs) and ZnO NPs coated with silicon shell (ZnO-Si NPs), on Pisum sativum L. under physiological and salt stress conditions. The experimental results revealed that the foliar spray with ZnO-Si NPs and 200 mg/L ZnO NPs did not influence the stomata structure, the membrane integrity, and the functions of both photosystems under physiological conditions, while 400 mg/L ZnO-Si NPs had beneficial effects on the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) and the photochemistry of photosystem I (PSI). On the contrary, small phytotoxic effects were registered after spraying with 400 mg/L ZnO NPs accompanied by stimulation of the cyclic electron flow around PSI and an increase of the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The results also showed that both types of NPs (with exception of 400 mg/L ZnO NPs) decrease the negative effects of 100 mM NaCl on the photochemistry of PSI (P700 photooxidation) and PSII (qp, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, ΦPSII, Φexc), as well as on the pigment content, stomata closure and membrane integrity. The protective effect was stronger after spraying with ZnO-Si NPs in comparison to ZnO NPs, which could be due to the presence of Si coating shell. The role of Si shell is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham A Elshoky
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ekaterina Yotsova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohamed A Farghali
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Nanotechnology Research Center, British University in Egypt, Egypt
| | - Khaled Y Farroh
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kh El-Sayed
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Nanotechnology Research Center, British University in Egypt, Egypt
| | - Heba Elsayed Elzorkany
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt; Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - George Rashkov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Preslava Borisova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Stefanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maha Anwar Ali
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Stefanov MA, Rashkov GD, Yotsova EK, Borisova PB, Dobrikova AG, Apostolova EL. Different Sensitivity Levels of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor L. under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071469. [PMID: 34371672 PMCID: PMC8309219 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of different NaCl concentrations (0-250 mM) on the photosynthesis of new hybrid lines of maize (Zea mays L. Kerala) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Shamal) were investigated. Salt-induced changes in the functions of photosynthetic apparatus were assessed using chlorophyll a fluorescence (PAM and OJIP test) and P700 photooxidation. Greater differences between the studied species in response to salinization were observed at 150 mM and 200 mM NaCl. The data revealed the stronger influence of maize in comparison to sorghum on the amount of closed PSII centers (1-qp) and their efficiency (Φexc), as well as on the effective quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion of PSII (ΦPSII). Changes in the effective antenna size of PSII (ABS/RC), the electron flux per active reaction center (REo/RC) and the electron transport flux further QA (ETo/RC) were also registered. These changes in primary PSII photochemistry influenced the electron transport rate (ETR) and photosynthetic rate (parameter RFd), with the impacts being stronger in maize than sorghum. Moreover, the lowering of the electron transport rate from QA to the PSI end electron acceptors (REo/RC) and the probability of their reduction (φRo) altered the PSI photochemical activity, which influenced photooxidation of P700 and its decay kinetics. The pigment content and stress markers of oxidative damage were also determined. The data revealed a better salt tolerance of sorghum than maize, associated with the structural alterations in the photosynthetic membranes and the stimulation of the cyclic electron flow around PSI at higher NaCl concentrations. The relationships between the decreased pigment content, increased levels of stress markers and different inhibition levels of the function of both photosystems are discussed.
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Pandian BA, Varanasi A, Vennapusa AR, Sathishraj R, Lin G, Zhao M, Tunnell M, Tesso T, Liu S, Prasad PVV, Jugulam M. Characterization, Genetic Analyses, and Identification of QTLs Conferring Metabolic Resistance to a 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitor in Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:596581. [PMID: 33362828 PMCID: PMC7756693 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.596581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Postemergence grass weed control continues to be a major challenge in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], primarily due to lack of herbicide options registered for use in this crop. The development of herbicide-resistant sorghum technology to facilitate broad-spectrum postemergence weed control can be an economical and viable solution. The 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibitor herbicides (e.g., mesotrione or tembotrione) can control a broad spectrum of weeds including grasses, which, however, are not registered for postemergence application in sorghum due to crop injury. In this study, we identified two tembotrione-resistant sorghum genotypes (G-200, G-350) and one susceptible genotype (S-1) by screening 317 sorghum lines from a sorghum association panel (SAP). These tembotrione-resistant and tembotrione-susceptible genotypes were evaluated in a tembotrione dose-response [0, 5.75, 11.5, 23, 46, 92 (label recommended dose), 184, 368, and 736 g ai ha-1] assay. Compared with S-1, the genotypes G-200 and G-350 exhibited 10- and seven fold more resistance to tembotrione, respectively. To understand the inheritance of tembotrione-resistant trait, crosses were performed using S-1 and G-200 or G-350 to generate F1 and F2 progeny. The F1 and F2 progeny were assessed for their response to tembotrione treatment. Genetic analyses of the F1 and F2 progeny demonstrated that the tembotrione resistance in G-200 and G-350 is a partially dominant polygenic trait. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP)-inhibitor assay using malathion and piperonyl butoxide suggested possible CYP-mediated metabolism of tembotrione in G-200 and G-350. Genotype-by-sequencing based quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed QTLs associated with tembotrione resistance in G-200 and G-350 genotypes. Overall, the genotypes G-200 and G-350 confer a high level of metabolic resistance to tembotrione and controlled by a polygenic trait. There is an enormous potential to introgress the tembotrione resistance into breeding lines to develop agronomically desirable sorghum hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guifang Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Mingxia Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Madison Tunnell
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tesfaye Tesso
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Sabzi Nojadeh M, Pouresmaeil M, Younessi-Hamzekhanlu M, Venditti A. Phytochemical profile of fennel essential oils and possible applications for natural antioxidant and controlling Convolvulus arvensis L. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4164-4168. [PMID: 32174182 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1741580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The natural compounds such as essential oils are getting more attention due to their potential usage in pharmaceuticals and possibly as natural herbicides. This study was conducted to identify the chemical compositions of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. populations collected from different regions of Iran, Turkey, and Germany, and their antioxidant (DPPH·, ABTS·+ and reducing power methods) and phytotoxic activity (against Convolvulus arvensis L.). The results exhibited a significant variation in essential oils content (1.74-2.97%). The main compounds in essential oils were trans-anethole (15.23%-90.11%), estragole (4.00-63.72%), fenchone (0.03-12.62%) and limonene (1.05-13.04%). The results revealed that the essential oils have considerable antioxidant (IC50 values in the range of 11.83-36.90 mg mL-1 in DPPH, 7.65-20.13 mg mL-1 in ABTS·+ and EC50 values in the range of 3.65-15.24 mg mL-1 in reducing power assay) and phytotoxic activity. The results of this study can help in the development of natural antioxidants and herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sabzi Nojadeh
- Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pouresmaeil
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Phytoene Accumulation in the Novel Microalga Chlorococcum sp. Using the Pigment Synthesis Inhibitor Fluridone. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030187. [PMID: 30909380 DOI: 10.3390/md17030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic pigments found in plants and algae, as well as some bacteria, archaea, and fungi that serve two functions-(1) as light harvesting molecules-primary carotenoids, and (2) as antioxidants, acting against reactive oxygen species⁻secondary carotenoids. Because of their strong antioxidant properties, they are also valuable for the development of anti-aging and photo-protective cosmetic applications. Of particular interest is the carotenoid phytoene, for its colorless and UV absorption characteristics. In this study, we targeted a reduction of phytoene desaturase (PDS) activity with the pigment-inhibiting herbicide 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridin-4-one (fluridone), which leads to the over-accumulation of phytoene in the recently characterized microalgal strain Chlorococcum sp. (UTEX B 3056). After post-incubation with fluridone, phytoene levels were measured at ~33 ug/mg cell tissue, as opposed to non-detectable levels in control cultures. Hence, the novel microalga Chlorococcum sp. is a viable candidate for the production of the high-value carotenoid phytoene and subsequent applications in cosmeceuticals, as well as more obvious nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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9
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Radhakrishnan R, Alqarawi AA, Abd Allah EF. Bioherbicides: Current knowledge on weed control mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:131-138. [PMID: 29677595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Weed control is a challenging event during crop cultivation. Integrated management, including the application of bioherbicides, is an emerging method for weed control in sustainable agriculture. Plant extracts, allelochemicals and some microbes are utilized as bioherbicides to control weed populations. Bioherbicides based on plants and microbes inhibit the germination and growth of weeds; however,few studies conducted in weed physiology. This review ascribes the current knowledge of the physiological changes in weeds that occur during the exposure to bioherbicides. Plant extracts or metabolites are absorbed by weed seeds, which initiates damage to the cell membrane, DNA, mitosis, amylase activity and other biochemical processes and delays or inhibits seed germination. The growth of weeds is also retarded due to low rates of root-cell division, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic pigment synthesis, and plant growth hormone synthesis, while the productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stress-mediated hormones increase, including irregular antioxidant activity. However, lytic enzymes and toxic substances secreted from microbes degrade the weed seed coat and utilize the endosperm for survival, which inhibits seed germination. The microbes grow through the intercellular spaces to reach the root core, and the deposition of toxins in the cells affects cell division and cellular functions. Some of the metabolites of deleterious microbes cause disease, necrosis and chlorosis,which inhibit the germination and growth of weed seeds by suppressing photosynthesis and gibberellin activities and enhancing ROS, abscisic acid and ethylene. This review explains the effects of bioherbicides (derived from plants and microbes) on weed-plant physiology to elucidate their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulaziz A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Stefanov M, Yotsova E, Rashkov G, Ivanova K, Markovska Y, Apostolova EL. Effects of salinity on the photosynthetic apparatus of two Paulownia lines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:54-59. [PMID: 26854407 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of soil salinity on the functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus and pigment composition of two Paulownia lines (Paulownia tomentosa x fortunei and Paulownia elongata x elongata) were investigated. PAM chlorophyll fluorescence measurements revealed that salinity leads to: (i) an increase of the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and the linear electron transport rate (ETR) in both lines of Paulownia, while the maximum quantum yield of the primary photochemistry of PSII in the dark adapted state (Fv/Fm) was unaffected; (ii) improved the efficiency of the photochemical energy conversion (ФPSII); (iii) an impact on the chlorophyll fluorescence decrease ratio (RFd), which correlates to the net CO2 assimilation rate; (iv) an impact on [Formula: see text] reoxidation. The analysis of the kinetics of P700(+) reduction upon turning off far-red irradiation revealed that salinization lead to a delay of the cyclic electron transport around PSI in both studied lines as the effect on this process is more pronounced in P. tomentosa x fortunei than in (in comparison with) P. elongata x elongata. The present experimental results suggested high salt tolerance of the studied lines Paulownia, but P. tomentosa x fortunei is more tolerant to salinity than P. elongata x elongata. Molecular mechanisms involved in the Paulownia response to the soil salinity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stefanov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad.G. Bonchev Str. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Yotsova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad.G. Bonchev Str. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Rashkov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad.G. Bonchev Str. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Katya Ivanova
- Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliana Markovska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia L Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad.G. Bonchev Str. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
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11
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Deng C, Shao H, Pan X, Wang S, Zhang D. Herbicidal effects of harmaline from Peganum harmala on photosynthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa: probed by chlorophyll fluorescence and thermoluminescence. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 115:23-31. [PMID: 25307462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The herbicidal effects of harmaline extracted from Peganum harmala seed on cell growth and photosynthesis of green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa were investigated using chlorophyll a fluorescence and thermoluminescence techniques. Exposure to harmaline inhibited cell growth, pigments contents and oxygen evolution of C. pyrenoidosa. Oxygen evolution was more sensitive to harmaline toxicity than cell growth or the whole photosystem II (PSII) activity, maybe it was the first target site of harmaline. The JIP-test parameters showed that harmaline inhibited the donor side of PSII. Harmaline decreased photochemical efficiency and electron transport flow of PSII but increased the energy dissipation. The charge recombination was also affected by harmaline. Amplitude of the fast phase decreased and the slow phase increased at the highest level of harmaline. Electron transfer from QA(-) to QB was inhibited and backward electron transport flow from QA(-) to oxygen evolution complex was enhanced at 10 μg mL(-1) harmaline. Exposure to 10 μg mL(-1) harmaline caused appearance of C band in thermoluminescence. Exposure to 5 μg mL(-1) harmaline inhibited the formation of proton gradient. The highest concentration of harmaline treatment inhibited S3QB(-) charge recombination but promoted formation of QA(-)YD(+) charge pairs. P. harmala harmaline may be a promising herbicide because of its inhibition of cell growth, pigments synthesis, oxygen evolution and PSII activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Deng
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; College of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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Ferreira RA, Duarte JG, Vergine P, Antunes CD, Freire F, Martins-Dias S. Phragmites sp. physiological changes in a constructed wetland treating an effluent contaminated with a diazo dye (DR81). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:9626-9643. [PMID: 24809499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of Phragmites sp. in phytoremediation of wastewaters containing azo dyes is still, in many ways, at its initial stage of investigation. This plant response to the long-term exposure to a highly conjugated di-azo dye (Direct Red 81, DR81) was assessed using a vertical flow constructed wetland, at pilot scale. A reed bed fed with water was used as control. Changes in photosynthetic pigment content in response to the plant contact with synthetic DR81 effluent highlight Phragmites plasticity. Phragmites leaf enzymatic system responded rapidly to the stress imposed; in general, within 1 day, the up-regulation of foliar reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes (especially superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and peroxidase) was noticed as plants entered in contact with synthetic DR81 effluent. This prompt activation decreased the endogenous levels of H₂O₂ and the malonyldialdehyde content beyond reference values. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity intensification was not enough to cope with stress imposed by DR81. GPX activity was pivotal for the detoxification pathways after a 24-h exposure. Carotenoid pool was depleted during this shock. After the imposed DR81 stress, plants were harvested. In the next vegetative cycle, Phragmites had already recovered from the chemical stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the role of GPX, GST, APX, and carotenoids along catalase (CAT) in the detoxification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Alexandra Ferreira
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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13
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Alterations in Structural Organization Affect the Functional Ability of Photosynthetic Apparatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1201/b16675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Deng C, Zhang D, Pan X, Chang F, Wang S. Toxic effects of mercury on PSI and PSII activities, membrane potential and transthylakoid proton gradient in Microsorium pteropus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:1-7. [PMID: 23920143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the top toxic metals in environment and it poses a great risk to organisms. This study aimed to elucidate the toxic effects of Hg(2+) on energy conversion of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), membrane potential and proton gradient of Microsorium pteropus (an aquatic plant species). Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, quantum yield and electron transfer of PSI and PSII of M. pteropus exposed to various concentrations of Hg(2+) were measured. With increasing Hg(2+) concentration, quantum yield and electron transport of PSI [Y(I) and ETR(I)] and PSII [Y(II) and ETR(II)] decreased whereas limitation of donor side of PSI [Y(ND)] increased. At ⩾165μgL(-1) Hg(2+), quantum yield of non-light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in PSII [Y(NO)] significantly increased but quantum yield of light-induced non-photochemical fluorescence quenching [Y(NPQ)] decreased. Membrane potential (Δψ) and proton gradient (ΔpH) of M. pteropus were reduced significantly at 330μg L(-1) Hg(2+) compared to control. Mercury exposure affected multiple sites in PSII and PSI of M. pteropus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Deng
- Key Lab of Plateau Lake Ecology & Global Change, College of Tourism and Geographic Science, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Process and Environmental Change, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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15
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Delmail D, Labrousse P, Hourdin P, Larcher L, Moesch C, Botineau M. Micropropagation of Myriophyllum alterniflorum (Haloragaceae) for stream rehabilitation: first in vitro culture and reintroduction assays of a heavy-metal hyperaccumulator immersed macrophyte. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:647-662. [PMID: 23819265 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.723068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, submersed aquatic macrophytes play a key role in stream ecology and they are often used as biomonitors of freshwater quality. So, these plants appear as natural candidates to stream rehabilitation experiments. Among them, the stream macrophyte Myriophyllum alterniflorum is used recently as biomonitor and is potentially useful for the restoration of heavy-metal contaminated localities. The best way to obtain a mass production of watermilfoil plants is micropropagation. We developed in vitro culture of M. alterniflorum and the effects of five media on the plant development were assessed. Five morphological and four physiological endpoints were examined leading to the recommendation of the Murashige and Skoog medium for ecotoxicological studies on chlorophyllous parts, and of the Gaudet medium for root cytotoxicity and phytoremediation studies. Micropropagated clones were acclimatized in a synthetic medium and in situ reintroduction was performed efficiently. This is the first report of micropropagated plants transplantation in streams. The successful establishment of watermilfoil beds even in polluted areas strongly suggested that ecological restoration using micropropagated watermilfoil is a promising biotechnology for phytoremediation and rehabilitation of degraded areas. Moreover, high bioconcentration factors evidenced that watermilfoil hyperaccumulates Cd and Cu, and could be potentially used in phytoremediation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Delmail
- University of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR, Team PNSCM, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Mycology, Rennes Cedex, France.
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Yi SA, Francis BM, Jarrell WM, Soucek DJ. Toxicological effects of the aquatic herbicide, fluridone, on male water mites (Hydrachnidiae: Arrenurus: Megaluracarus). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:81-87. [PMID: 20978847 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicities for technical grade fluridone (Sonar™) and the commercial formulation of fluridone (Sonar®AS) were assessed for male water mites (Hydrachnidiae: Arrenurus: Megaluracarus). Signs of toxicity were evaluated by detection of locomotor dysfunction or death after exposure to concentrations of 100,000, 10,000, 1,000, and 100 μg/L of Sonar™ and 10,000, 5,000, 1,000, 100, and 10 μg/L of Sonar®AS in US EPA, moderately hard reconstituted water (MHRW). The median effective concentration (EC50) was 891 and 631 μg/L for Sonar™ at 48 and 96 h and less than 10 μg/L for Sonar®AS at 96 h. Increased duration of exposure to Sonar®AS from 48 to 96 h had a significant effect on increasing the rate of combined morbidity and mortality. At the lowest concentration of Sonar®AS tested, which is half the concentration allowed within 400 m of any functioning potable water intake for human usage, 40% of the mites were adversely affected at 48 h and 70% were affected after 96 h of exposure. This study demonstrates that Sonar®AS is 60-fold more toxic to water mites than the active ingredient alone. At currently acceptable application rates of 90-150 μg/L fluridone, the addition of ingredients classified as inert, as in Sonar®AS, result in an increased risk of adverse effects on populations of male water mites (Arrenurus: Megaluracarus) in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Yi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Hura T, Hura K, Grzesiak M. Early stage de-etiolation increases the ferulic acid content in winter triticale seedlings under full sunlight conditions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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