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Li X, Sun Y, Yuan X, Ma Z, Hong Y, Chen S. Impact of Cucurbita moschata Resistant Rootstocks on Cucumis sativus Fruit and Meloidogyne incognita Development. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3851-3857. [PMID: 37272044 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-22-0319-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant grafting can provide resistance to nematodes. There is a distinct need to determine the role of Meloidogyne incognita-resistant rootstocks on the growth and quality of grafted cucumber plants. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar Jinchun No. 4 (J) was hole grafted onto the pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) cultivars Xiuli (X), Banzhen No. 3 (B), and its root to generate JX, JB, and JJ plants. The histopathology and M. incognita development associated with JX, JB, and JJ were analyzed under incubator and high plastic tunnel conditions. Under incubator conditions, M. incognita root galls and egg mass indices associated with the JX and JB resistant rootstocks were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those associated with JJ susceptible rootstocks. In addition, the number of eggs were 73.3 ± 8.8% and 85.3 ± 7.7% less, respectively. The number of second-stage juveniles (J2s) in JX roots decreased by 57.1 ± 9.2% compared with that in JJ, and the giant cell and J2 development were poor in JX and JB roots. In pot experiments under a high plastic tunnel, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and yield of M. incognita-infected JX plants were not significantly different from those of noninoculated control. There was no significant difference in fruit weight, length, firmness, soluble solids, and color among the three grafted plants. The yield per JB plant was increased compared with that of JJ, irrespective of nematode presence. In the M. incognita-infested soil experiment in a high plastic tunnel, the yield per JX and JB plant were significantly higher than JJ (P < 0.05). Thus, the pumpkin rootstock Xiuli and Banzhen No. 3 are promising rootstocks for managing M. incognita without affecting cucumber fruit quality. Grafting provides a good basis for studying the defense mechanism of rootstocks against M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yinhui Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling 712100, China
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Song L, Ping X, Mao Z, Zhao J, Yang Y, Li Y, Xie B, Ling J. Variation and stability of rhizosphere bacterial communities of Cucumis crops in association with root-knot nematodes infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163271. [PMID: 37324672 PMCID: PMC10266268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Root-knot nematodes (RKN) disease is a devastating disease in Cucumis crops production. Existing studies have shown that resistant and susceptible crops are enriched with different rhizosphere microorganisms, and microorganisms enriched in resistant crops can antagonize pathogenic bacteria. However, the characteristics of rhizosphere microbial communities of Cucumis crops after RKN infestation remain largely unknown. Methods In this study, we compared the changes in rhizosphere bacterial communities between highly RKN-resistant Cucumis metuliferus (cm3) and highly RKN-susceptible Cucumis sativus (cuc) after RKN infection through a pot experiment. Results The results showed that the strongest response of rhizosphere bacterial communities of Cucumis crops to RKN infestation occurred during early growth, as evidenced by changes in species diversity and community composition. However, the more stable structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community in cm3 was reflected in less changes in species diversity and community composition after RKN infestation, forming a more complex and positively co-occurrence network than cuc. Moreover, we observed that both cm3 and cuc recruited bacteria after RKN infestation, but the bacteria enriched in cm3 were more abundant including beneficial bacteria Acidobacteria, Nocardioidaceae and Sphingomonadales. In addition, the cuc was enriched with beneficial bacteria Actinobacteria, Bacilli and Cyanobacteria. We also found that more antagonistic bacteria than cuc were screened in cm3 after RKN infestation and most of them were Pseudomonas (Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae), and Proteobacteria were also enriched in cm3 after RKN infestation. We hypothesized that the cooperation between Pseudomonas and the beneficial bacteria in cm3 could inhibit the infestation of RKN. Discussion Thus, our results provide valuable insights into the role of rhizosphere bacterial communities on RKN diseases of Cucumis crops, and further studies are needed to clarify the bacterial communities that suppress RKN in Cucumis crops rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Song
- Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chaoyang, China
| | - Xingxing Ping
- Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ling
- Insititute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fullana AM, Expósito A, Escudero N, Cunquero M, Loza-Alvarez P, Giné A, Sorribas FJ. Crop rotation with Meloidogyne-resistant germplasm is useful to manage and revert the (a)virulent populations of Mi1.2 gene and reduce yield losses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133095. [PMID: 37008463 PMCID: PMC10050879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A rotation sequence of ungrafted and grafted tomato-melon-pepper-watermelon on resistant rootstocks 'Brigeor', Cucumis metuliferus, 'Oscos' and Citrullus amarus, respectively, was carried out in a plastic greenhouse, ending with a susceptible or resistant tomato crop. The rotation was conducted in plots infested by an avirulent (Avi) or a partially virulent (Vi) Meloidogyne incognita population to the Mi1.2 gene. At the beginning of the study, the reproduction index (RI, relative reproduction in the resistant respect susceptible tomato) of Avi and Vi populations was 1.3% and 21.6%, respectively. Soil nematode density at transplanting (Pi) and at the end (Pf) of each crop, disease severity and crop yield were determined. Moreover, the putative virulence selection and fitness cost were determined at the end of each crop in pot tests. In addition, a histopathological study was carried out 15 days after nematode inoculation in pot test. The volume and number of nuclei per giant cell (GC) and the number of GC, their volume and the number of nuclei per feeding site in susceptible watermelon and pepper were compared with C. amarus and resistant pepper. At the beginning of the study, the Pi of Avi and Vi plots did not differ between susceptible and resistant germplasm. At the end of the rotation, the Pf of Avi was 1.2 the Pi in susceptible and 0.06 in resistant, the cumulative yield of grafted crops was 1.82 times higher than that of the ungrafted susceptible ones, and the RI in resistant tomato less than 10% irrespective of the rotation sequence. Concerning the Vi, Pf was below the detection level at the end of the rotation in resistant and 3 times Pi in the susceptible. The cumulative yield of grafted crops was 2.83 times higher than that of the ungrafted and the RI in resistant tomato was 7.6%, losing the population's virulence. In the histopathological study, no differences in number of GC per feeding site were observed in watermelon compared to C. amarus, but they were more voluminous and contained higher number of nuclei per GC and per feeding site. Regarding pepper, Avi population did not penetrate resistant rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïda Magdalena Fullana
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB), Escola d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i de Biosistemes de Barcelona (EEABB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Alejandro Expósito
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB), Escola d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i de Biosistemes de Barcelona (EEABB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Nuria Escudero
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB), Escola d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i de Biosistemes de Barcelona (EEABB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Marina Cunquero
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giné
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB), Escola d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i de Biosistemes de Barcelona (EEABB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Castelldefels, Spain
| | - F. Javier Sorribas
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology (DEAB), Escola d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i de Biosistemes de Barcelona (EEABB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Castelldefels, Spain
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Xie X, Ling J, Mao Z, Li Y, Zhao J, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu M, Gu X, Xie B. Negative regulation of root-knot nematode parasitic behavior by root-derived volatiles of wild relatives of Cucumis metuliferus CM3. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac051. [PMID: 35531315 PMCID: PMC9071375 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause a significant decrease in the yield of cucumber crops every year. Cucumis metuliferus is an important wild germplasm that has resistance to RKN in which plant root volatiles are thought to play a role. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. To investigate it, we used the resistant C. metuliferus line CM3 and the susceptible cucumber line Xintaimici (XTMC). CM3 roots repelled Meloidogyne incognita second-stage larvae (J2s), while the roots of XTMC plants attracted the larvae. CM3 and XTMC were found to contain similar amounts of root volatiles, but many volatiles, including nine hydrocarbons, three alcohols, two aldehydes, two ketones, one ester, and one phenol, were only detected in CM3 roots. It was found that one of these, (methoxymethyl)-benzene, could repel M. incognita, while creosol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol could attract M. incognita. Interestingly, creosol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol effectively killed M. incognita at high concentrations. Furthermore, we found that a mixture of CM3 root volatiles increased cucumber resistance to M. incognita. The results provide insights into the interaction between the host and plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil, with some compounds possibly acting as nematode biofumigation, which can be used to manage nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Xie
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Ling
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
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Li X, Sun Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Xue W, Wu M, Chen P, Weng Y, Chen S. Transcriptomic and Histological Analysis of the Response of Susceptible and Resistant Cucumber to Meloidogyne incognita Infection Revealing Complex Resistance via Multiple Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675429. [PMID: 34194451 PMCID: PMC8236822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is a devastating pathogen for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) specially in production under protected environments or continuous cropping. High level RKN resistance has been identified in African horned melon Cucumis metuliferus (CM). However, the resistance mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the comparative analysis on phenotypic and transcriptomic responses in the susceptible cucumber inbred line Q24 and the resistant CM, after M. incognita infection, was performed. The results showed that, in comparison with Q24, the CM was able to significantly reduce penetration numbers of second stage juveniles (J2), slow its development in the roots resulting in fewer galls and smaller giant cells suggesting the presence of host resistance in CM. Comparative transcriptomes analysis of Q24 and CM before and after M. incognita infection was conducted and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with host resistance were identified in CM. Enrichment analyses revealed most enriched DEGs in Ca2+ signaling, salicylic acid (SA)/jamonate signaling (JA), as well as auxin (IAA) signaling pathways. In particular, in CM, DEGs in the Ca2+ signaling pathway such as those for the calmodulin and calcium-binding proteins were upregulated at the early stage of M. incognita infection; genes for SA/JA synthesis/signal transduction were markedly activated, whereas the IAA signaling pathway genes were inhibited upon infection suggesting the importance of SA/JA signaling pathways in mediating M. incognita resistance in CM. A model was established to explain the different molecular mechanisms on M. incognita susceptibility in cucumber and resistance to M. incognita infection in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xvzhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Yinhui Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaopei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Wanyu Xue
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Meiqian Wu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shuxia Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
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Sato K, Uehara T, Holbein J, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Gan P, Bino T, Yamaguchi K, Ichihashi Y, Maki N, Shigenobu S, Ohta H, Franke RB, Siddique S, Grundler FMW, Suzuki T, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Responses in a New Model Root-Knot Nematode Infection System Using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680151. [PMID: 34122492 PMCID: PMC8194700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Solanum torvum Sw. (Turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. We previously found that a pathotype of M. arenaria, A2-J, is able to infect and propagate in S. torvum. In vitro infection assays showed that S. torvum induced the accumulation of brown pigments during avirulent pathotype A2-O infection, but not during virulent A2-J infection. This experimental system is advantageous because resistant and susceptible responses can be distinguished within a few days, and because a single plant genome can yield information about both resistant and susceptible responses. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of S. torvum inoculated with A2-J and A2-O at early stages of infection was used to parse the specific resistance and susceptible responses. Infection with A2-J did not induce statistically significant changes in gene expression within one day post-inoculation (DPI), but afterward, A2-J specifically induced the expression of chalcone synthase, spermidine synthase, and genes related to cell wall modification and transmembrane transport. Infection with A2-O rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding class III peroxidases, sesquiterpene synthases, and fatty acid desaturases at 1 DPI, followed by genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of lignin at 3 DPI. Both isolates induced the expression of suberin biosynthetic genes, which may be triggered by wounding during nematode infection. Histochemical analysis revealed that A2-O, but not A2-J, induced lignin accumulation at the root tip, suggesting that physical reinforcement of cell walls with lignin is an important defense response against nematodes. The S. torvum-RKN system can provide a molecular basis for understanding plant-nematode interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taketo Uehara
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Julia Holbein
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Pamela Gan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bino
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Maki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rochus B. Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Florian M. W. Grundler
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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Chen X, Li S, Zhao X, Zhu X, Wang Y, Xuan Y, Liu X, Fan H, Chen L, Duan Y. Modulation of (Homo)Glutathione Metabolism and H 2O 2 Accumulation during Soybean Cyst Nematode Infections in Susceptible and Resistant Soybean Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E388. [PMID: 31936278 PMCID: PMC7013558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant immune responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules that activate defense pathways against pathogens, especially following resistance (R) gene-mediated pathogen recognition. Glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant and redox regulator, participates in the removal of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the mechanism of GSH-mediated H2O2 generation in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) that are resistant to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) remains unclear. To elucidate this underlying relationship, the feeding of race 3 of H. glycines with resistant cultivars, Peking and PI88788, was compared with that on a susceptible soybean cultivar, Williams 82. After 5, 10, and 15 days of SCN infection, we quantified γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC) and (homo)glutathione ((h)GSH), and a gene expression analysis showed that GSH metabolism in resistant cultivars differed from that in susceptible soybean roots. ROS accumulation was examined both in resistant and susceptible roots upon SCN infection. The time of intense ROS generation was related to the differences of resistance mechanisms in Peking and PI88788. ROS accumulation that was caused by the (h)GSH depletion-arrested nematode development in susceptible Williams 82. These results suggest that (h)GSH metabolism in resistant soybeans plays a key role in the regulation of ROS-generated signals, leading to resistance against nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Shaanxi key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.C.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (H.F.); (L.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
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Expósito A, Pujolà M, Achaerandio I, Giné A, Escudero N, Fullana AM, Cunquero M, Loza-Alvarez P, Sorribas FJ. Tomato and Melon Meloidogyne Resistant Rootstocks Improve Crop Yield but Melon Fruit Quality Is Influenced by the Cropping Season. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:560024. [PMID: 33224158 PMCID: PMC7674597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.560024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Four rotation sequences consisting of ungrafted tomato cv. Durinta - melon cv. Paloma or tomato grafted onto the resistant rootstock 'Aligator' - melon grafted onto the resistant Cucumis metuliferus accession BGV11135, and in reverse order, were conducted from 2015 to 2017 in a plastic greenhouse infested or not with Meloidogyne incognita to determine the plant tolerance (T), the minimum relative crop yield (m) and fruit quality. The relationship between M. incognita densities in soil at transplanting (Pi) of each crop and the crop yield was assessed and T and m were estimated by the Seinhorst's damage model. In addition, the volume and the number of nuclei of single giant cells and the number of giant cells, its volume and the number of nuclei per feeding site in susceptible tomato and melon were compared to those in the resistant tomato and C. metuliferus 15 days after nematode inoculation in pot test. The relationship between the Pi and the relative crop yield fitted the Seinhorst's damage model in both ungrafted and grafted tomato and melon, but not for all years and cropping seasons. The estimated T for ungrafted and grafted tomato did not differ but m was lower in the former (34%) than the latter (67%). Sodium concentration in fruits from ungrafted but not from grafted tomato increased with nematode densities in spring 2015 and 2016. The estimated ungrafted melon T did not differ from the grafted melon cultivated in spring, but it did when it was cultivated in summer. The relative crop yield of ungrafted melon was lower (2%) than the grafted cultivated in spring (62%) and summer (20%). Sodium concentration in melon fruits from ungrafted plants increased with nematode densities. No variations in fruit quality from grafted melon cultivated in spring were found, although less dry matter and soluble solid content at highest nematode densities were registered when it was cultivated in summer. Lower number of giant cells per feeding site was observed in both susceptible tomato germplasms compared to the resistant ones but they were more voluminous and held higher number of nuclei per giant cell and per feeding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Expósito
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pujolà
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Isabel Achaerandio
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giné
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Nuria Escudero
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Aïda Magdalena Fullana
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Marina Cunquero
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - F. Javier Sorribas
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas, Castelldefels, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Javier Sorribas,
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Expósito A, García S, Giné A, Escudero N, Sorribas FJ. Cucumis metuliferus reduces Meloidogyne incognita virulence against the Mi1.2 resistance gene in a tomato-melon rotation sequence. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1902-1910. [PMID: 30536835 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptible tomato cv. Durinta, ungrafted or grafted onto cv. Aligator resistant rootstock, both followed by the susceptible melon cv. Paloma, ungrafted or grafted onto Cucumis metuliferus BGV11135, and in the reverse order, were cultivated from 2015 to 2017 in the same plots in a plastic greenhouse, infested or not with Meloidogyne incognita. For each crop, soil nematode densities, galling index, number of eggs per plant and crop yield were determined. Virulence selection was evaluated in pot experiments. RESULTS In the tomato-melon rotation, nematode densities increased progressively for the grafted tomato, being higher than for ungrafted plants at the end of the study; this was not the case in the melon-tomato rotation. Grafted crops yielded more than ungrafted crops in the infested plots. Virulence against the Mi1.2 gene was detected, but not against C. metuliferus. Reproduction of M. incognita on the resistant tomato was ∼ 120% that on the susceptible cultivar after the first grafted tomato crop, but this decreased to just 25% at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSION Alternating different resistant plant species suppresses nematode population growth rate and yield losses. Although this strategy does not prevent virulence selection, the level was reduced. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Expósito
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi García
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giné
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Escudero
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sorribas
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Sato K, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Plant Immune Responses to Parasitic Nematodes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1165. [PMID: 31616453 PMCID: PMC6775239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), such as root-knot nematodes (RKNs) and cyst nematodes (CNs), are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. RKNs and CNs induce redifferentiation of root cells into feeding cells, which provide water and nutrients to these nematodes. Plants trigger immune responses to PPN infection by recognizing PPN invasion through several different but complementary systems. Plants recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) sderived from PPNs by cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Plants can also recognize tissue and cellular damage caused by invasion or migration of PPNs through PRR-based recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Resistant plants have the added ability to recognize PPN effectors via intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-type immune receptors, leading to NLR-triggered immunity. Some PRRs may also recognize apoplastic PPN effectors and induce PTI. Plant immune responses against PPNs include the secretion of anti-nematode enzymes, the production of anti-nematode compounds, cell wall reinforcement, production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, and hypersensitive response-mediated cell death. In this review, we summarize the recognition mechanisms for PPN infection and what is known about PPN-induced immune responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuhiro Kadota, ; Ken Shirasu,
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuhiro Kadota, ; Ken Shirasu,
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Li X, Xing X, Tian P, Zhang M, Huo Z, Zhao K, Liu C, Duan D, He W, Yang T. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Defense-Related Genes against Meloidogyne incognita Invasion in Tobacco. Molecules 2018; 23:E2081. [PMID: 30127271 PMCID: PMC6222693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita are one of the most destructive pathogens, causing severe losses to tobacco productivity and quality. However, the underlying resistance mechanism of tobacco to M. incognita is not clear. In this study, two tobacco genotypes, K326 and Changbohuang, which are resistant and susceptible to M. incognita, respectively, were used for RNA-sequencing analysis. An average of 35 million clean reads were obtained. Compared with their expression levels in non-infected plants of the same genotype, 4354 and 545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the resistant and susceptible genotype, respectively, after M. incognita invasion. Overall, 291 DEGs, involved in diverse biological processes, were common between the two genotypes. Genes encoding toxic compound synthesis, cell wall modification, reactive oxygen species and the oxidative burst, salicylic acid signal transduction, and production of some other metabolites were putatively associated with tobacco resistance to M. incognita. In particular, the complex resistance response needed to overcome M. incognita invasion may be regulated by several transcription factors, such as the ethylene response factor, MYB, basic helix⁻loop⁻helix transcription factor, and indole acetic acid⁻leucine-resistant transcription factor. These results may aid in the identification of potential genes of resistance to M. incognita for tobacco cultivar improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Department of Tobacco, College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Xuexia Xing
- Nanyang Branch of Henan Province Tobacco Company, Nanyang 473003, Henan, China.
| | - Pei Tian
- Department of Tobacco, College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Xiaogan Agricultural Technical Extension Station, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhaoguang Huo
- Department of Tobacco, College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Tobacco, College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Tobacco, College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Duwei Duan
- Department of Tobacco, College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Wenjun He
- Department of Tobacco, College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Tiezhao Yang
- Department of Tobacco, College of Tobacco, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.
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Wang X, Cheng C, Zhang K, Tian Z, Xu J, Yang S, Lou Q, Li J, Chen JF. Comparative transcriptomics reveals suppressed expression of genes related to auxin and the cell cycle contributes to the resistance of cucumber against Meloidogyne incognita. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:583. [PMID: 30075750 PMCID: PMC6090858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meloidogyne incognita is a devastating nematode that causes significant losses in cucumber production worldwide. Although numerous studies have emphasized on the susceptible response of plants after nematode infection, the exact regulation mechanism of M. incognita-resistance in cucumber remains elusive. Verification of an introgression line, 'IL10-1', with M. incognita-resistance provides the opportunity to unravel the resistance mechanism of cucumber against M. incognita. RESULTS In the present study, analyses of physiological responses and transcriptional events between IL10-1 (resistant line) and CC3 (susceptible line) were conducted after M. incognita infection. Physiological observations showed abnormal development of giant cells and M. incognita in IL10-1, which were the primary differences compared with CC3. Furthermore, Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that genes encoding cell wall proteins were up-regulated in IL10-1 and that the highly expressed lipid transfer protein gene (Csa6G410090) might be the principal regulator of this up-regulation. Simultaneously, analyses of gene expression profiles revealed more auxin-related genes were suppressed in IL10-1 than in those of CC3, which corresponded with the lower level of indole acetic acid (IAA) in the roots of IL10-1 than in those of CC3. Additionally, poor nucleus development as a clear indication of abnormal giant cells in IL10-1 was related to inhibition of the cell cycle. Of those genes related to the cell cycle, the F-box domain Skp2-like genes were down-regulated in IL10-1, whereas more of these genes were up-regulated in CC3. CONCLUSIONS All of these findings indicate that suppressed expression of genes related to auxin and the cell cycle and highly expressed cell wall proteins play important roles in the abnormal development of giant cells, which hinders the development of M. incognita, thereby causing resistance to M. incognita in IL10-1. Knowledge from this research will provide a useful foundation for developing effective strategies in M. incognita-resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Kaijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shuqiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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