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Ait Belkacem N, Gorgui J, Tchuente V, Aubin D, Lippé S, Bérard A. Maternal Mental Health in Pregnancy and Its Impact on Children's Cognitive Development at 18 Months, during the COVID-19 Pandemic (CONCEPTION Study). J Clin Med 2024; 13:1055. [PMID: 38398369 PMCID: PMC10889100 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the mental health of pregnant persons. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal mental health and antidepressant use on children's cognitive development. METHODS We followed a cohort of children born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maternal mental health was self-reported during pregnancy (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, General Anxiety Disorder-7, stress levels, and antidepressant use). The child's cognitive development was measured using the third edition of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires® (ASQ-3) at 18 months. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were built to assess the association between in utero exposure to maternal mental health and ASQ-3 domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social. RESULTS Overall, 472 children were included in our analyses. After adjusting for potential confounders, a need for further assessment in communication (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 12.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.60;92.4)), and for improvement in gross motricity (aOR 6.33, 95%CI (2.06;19.4)) were associated with in utero anxiety. The need for improvement in fine motricity (aOR 4.11, 95%CI (1.00; 16.90)) was associated with antidepressant exposure. In utero depression was associated with a decrease in the need for improvement in problem solving (aOR 0.48, 95%CI (0.24; 0.98)). CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, maternal mental health appears to be associated with some aspects of children's cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimene Ait Belkacem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.A.B.); (J.G.)
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (V.T.); (D.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Jessica Gorgui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.A.B.); (J.G.)
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (V.T.); (D.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Vanina Tchuente
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (V.T.); (D.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Delphine Aubin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (V.T.); (D.A.); (S.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (V.T.); (D.A.); (S.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Anick Bérard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.A.B.); (J.G.)
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (V.T.); (D.A.); (S.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
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Lasso-Olayo L, Pasierb D, Berdejo V, Gasch-Gallén Á. Psychological response of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20230088. [PMID: 38131440 PMCID: PMC10740368 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0088en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we explore anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in women in the process of pregnancy during lockdown due to the SARS CoV-2 pandemic and their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical factors in a tertiary referral level hospital. METHOD A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in pregnant women at the Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital in Zaragoza (Spain), from April 15, 2020 to May 15, 2020. A total of 168 women was recruited when they went to the hospital for a routine blood test for pregnancy. They answered a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, the Spielberg state-trait anxiety questionnaire for anxiety, and a visual analog scale for fear of COVID. RESULTS Frequency of Trait anxiety was 50.7% (95% CI: 42.7-58.7) and 52.7% (95% CI: 44.7-60.7) for State anxiety. The mean visual analog scale for fear of COVID-19 in relation to pregnancy was 57.2 (95% CI: 52.4-61.8). A positive correlation was found between the scales. Statistically significant differences were found between rural and urban areas. CONCLUSION The emotional impact of the COVID-19 is high among pregnant women and the levels of anxiety are higher than usual in these groups of women during the pandemic lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lasso-Olayo
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dominika Pasierb
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Víctor Berdejo
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Gasch-Gallén
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Zaragoza, Spain
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Futterman ID, Grace H, Weingarten S, Borjian A, Clare CA. Maternal anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after natural disasters: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2199345. [PMID: 37031972 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2199345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the prevalence of maternal anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in those exposed to natural disasters. METHODS A literature search of the PubMed database and www.clinicaltrials.gov from January 1990 through June 2020 was conducted. A PRISMA review of the available literature regarding the incidence and prevalence of maternal anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following natural disasters was performed. A natural disaster was defined as one of the following: pandemic, hurricane, earthquake and post-political conflict/displacement of people. Studies were selected that were population-based, prospective or retrospective. Case reports and case series were not used. The primary outcome was the prevalence of maternal anxiety, depression and PTSD in the post-disaster setting. Two independent extractors (I.F. & H.G.) assessed study quality using an adapted version of the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Given the small number of studies that met inclusion criteria, all 22 studies were included, regardless of rating. Data were extracted and aggregate rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD were calculated to provide synthesized rates of maternal mental health conditions among participants. RESULTS Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 8357 pregnant or birthing persons in the antepartum and postpartum periods were studied. The prevalence of post-pandemic anxiety, depression and PTSD were calculated to be 48.2%, 27.3%, and 22.9%. Post-earthquake depression and PTSD rates were 38.8% and 22.4%. The prevalence of post-hurricane anxiety, depression and PTSD were 17.4%, 22.5%, and 8.2%. The rates of post-political conflict anxiety, depression and PTSD were 48.8%, 31.6% and 18.5%. CONCLUSION Given the high rates of anxiety, depression and PTSD among pregnant and birthing persons living through the challenges of natural disasters, obstetrician-gynecologists must be able to recognize this group of patients, and provide a greater degree of psychosocial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar D Futterman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Holly Grace
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Weingarten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Alborz Borjian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Camille A Clare
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, NY, USA
- New York City Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Dai C, Wang X, Xu C, Bai L, Li Y. A Study on the Psychological Experience and Influential Factors of Pregnant Women Who Decided Elective Caesarean Section After Public Health Emergencies - A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:1713-1725. [PMID: 37965076 PMCID: PMC10642347 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s418959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic used to be a major public health emergency which affected people worldwide, and it affected individuals' body, mood, work and lifestyle to some extent. The pregnant woman affected by the unstable hormone will be more sensitive than normal ones. Long-term depression and anxiety could feedback on their body and lead to a host of pregnancy complications. Because pregnant women who choose cesarean section are awake during the perioperative period, to ensure safety, the degree of cooperation about psychology and behavior is relatively high, so we should know the psychological state of such a group of people. Objective This study aims to explore psychological experience and influential factors of pregnant women who decided elective caesarean section after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a hospital in Shanghai, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected pregnant women who selected elective cesarean section as the study objects, all participants provided informed consent and completed questionnaires, including sociodemographic questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS). Software SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze and explore the influencing factors. Results Eligible 595 questionnaires were included in the study, the mean score of GAD-7 was 4.855 ± 3.254 and 90.699 ± 13.807 of GWBS. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed several factors that were statistically significant with the two scales, including birthplace, average monthly income, number of abortion and pregnancy complication (p < 0.01). Conclusion The COVID-19 infection status and symptoms around infection have no statistical difference in anxiety level and general well-being after they experience the COVID-19 pandemic. However, through this study, we found some influencing factors that worth further exploration. In the future, we will expand the sample size to explore the different situation of multi-center, and we hope provide psychological nursing interventions based on existing results to offer a better delivery experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Dai
- Operating Room, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- Operating Room, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Xu
- Operating Room, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Bai
- Operating Room, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Sharifi-Heris Z, Amiri-Farahani L, Shahabadi Z, Sanaei M. Impact of social support and mindfulness in the associations between perceived risk of COVID-19 acquisition and pregnancy outcomes in Iranian population: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:328. [PMID: 37821989 PMCID: PMC10566097 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Various devastating infection outbreaks including COVID-19, threat both mother and fetus health. These life-threating outbreaks as potential harms are highly associated with relevant perceived risk. Social support and mindfulness are two factors that may moderate the associations between the perceived risk of COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. In this study we investigated the potential moderating impact of social support and mindfulness in the aforementioned association. METHODS This study is a longitudinal cohort study in which 483 Iranian pregnant women in Tehran have been studied. Perceived risk of COVID-19 questions, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used through an online platform to assess the independent variables during pregnancy. Neonatal and maternal outcomes including gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, abortion, birth weight, and gestational age at birth, was extracted from Electronic Health Record (EHR) after childbirth as the dependent variables. The aim of the study is to investigate whether social support and mindfulness can affect the associations between perceived risk of Covid-19 acquisition and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Perceived risk of COVID-19 was negatively associated with pregnancy outcomes including birth weight (-28, 95% CI [-53, -3.4], p < .05) and gestational age at birth (-0.9, 95% CI [-2,0.11], p < .05). However, social support could not moderate these associations. Mindfulness, on the other hand, moderated the association between perceived risk and stillbirth meaning that by increasing mindfulness, the association between the perceived risk and stillbirth may also be increased (OR = 0.03; p < .05). CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that social support lacks the moderating impact on the association between perceived risk of COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. Mindfulness, on the other hand, indicate a positive moderating impact for the association between perceived risk of Covid-19 and stillbirth. More studies in different populations are suggested to investigate the impact of mindfulness and social support on the association between perceived risk and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sharifi-Heris
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Leila Amiri-Farahani
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shahabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sanaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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López-Morales H, Canet-Juric L, Del-Valle MV, Sosa JM, López MC, Urquijo S. Prenatal anxiety during the pandemic context is related to neurodevelopment of 6-month-old babies. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:4213-4226. [PMID: 37452845 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal anxiety and depression in pandemic context could introduce changes in the fetal developmental trajectories that, ultimately, could alter the adaptive behaviors of the offspring, potentially affecting, for example, general neurodevelopment. The sample consisted of 105 mother-child dyads, recruited between March and May 2020. The dyads were evaluated longitudinally, prenatally and postnatally (6 months). The Pandemic Impact Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck-II Depression Inventory were used to assess indicators of maternal anxiety and depression, respectively. Regarding the babies, their mothers responded to Age and Stages: 3, which assesses different dimensions of early neurodevelopment, in addition to a closed questionnaire to identify sociodemographic and maternal and child health variables. A series of mediation models were tested to examine the association between prenatal psychopathology/negative experiences of the pandemic and neurodevelopment. The results indicated that the negative experiences of the pandemic were indirectly associated with the socio-individual and fine motor neurodevelopment of the offspring, through maternal anxiety symptoms, during the third trimester, which functioned as a mediator. Conclusions: This study provides evidence on the mediating effects of maternal anxiety on infant neurodevelopment in contexts of early adversity. It is important to point out the need to implement public health policies that allow a timely evaluation of neurodevelopmental variables during early childhood, which can implement early interventions to reduce the risks associated with these deficits. What is Known: • Effects of maternal mental health have been reported, effects on child neurodevelopment, in motor, cognitive, linguistic and socio-emotional dimensions. • Contexts of early adversity have been associated with maternal mental health and offspring development. What is New: • The context of pandemic adversity caused by COVID-19 is associated with motor and socio-individual neurodevelopment, mediated by maternal prenatal anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán López-Morales
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Lorena Canet-Juric
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Macarena Verónica Del-Valle
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Mariel Sosa
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcela Carolina López
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Urquijo
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mokhtari Zanjani P, Tehranian N, Changizi N, Mohammadi E, Farzinrad B, Kazemnejad A. Maternal mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: a content analysis study. Reprod Health 2023; 20:102. [PMID: 37434144 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As crises occur, attention to physical health usually becomes more than mental health, neglecting mental health, especially in some vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and new mothers, can have adverse consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to recognize and comprehend their mental health needs, particularly during critical situations such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to explain the understanding and experience of mental health concerns faced by pregnant and postpartum women during this pandemic. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted from March 2021 to November 2021 in Iran. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews to understand mental health concerns in pregnancy and the postpartum period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-five purposefully retrieved and participated in the study. Due to the prevalence of coronavirus, most of the participants preferred tele interviews. When data saturation was achieved, the data were codified manually and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's approach 2004. RESULTS Based on the content analysis of the interviews, 2 main themes, 8 categories 23 subcategories were identified. The identified themes were as follows: (1) Maternal mental health threats and (2) Inadequate access to the required information. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the main concern and fear of pregnant and postpartum women in the COVID-19 pandemic was the fear of the possibility of death for themselves and/or their fetus/infant. The knowledge that was obtained from the understanding of pregnant women and new mothers about the mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic can help managers in planning to improve and promote women's mental health, especially in critical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouran Mokhtari Zanjani
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Tehranian
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Changizi
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eesa Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Farzinrad
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Green G, Tesler R. Trust in Health Care Providers, Anxiety, Knowledge, Adherence to Guidelines, and Mental Healthcare Needs Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic. SAGE OPEN 2023; 13:21582440231179125. [PMID: 37398985 PMCID: PMC10290940 DOI: 10.1177/21582440231179125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the connections among anxiety, mental healthcare needs, and adherence to the COVID-19 pandemic guidelines are unknown. The study aims to explore model assumptions: (H1) Anxiety about COVID-19 will influence the perception of mental health needs via knowledge about COVID-19 as a mediator. (H2) Anxiety will influence adherence to guidelines via knowledge about COVID-19 as a mediator. (H3) Trust in health care will positively influence adherence to guidelines. We conducted a cross-sectional design study with a convenience sample. Participants consisted of 547 people across Israel. The questionnaire included trust in health care, anxiety, knowledge, adherence to guidelines, and mental health care needs regarding COVID-19 variables. Path analysis revealed knowledge about COVID-19 as partly mediating anxiety and mental healthcare needs during the pandemic, as well as partly mediating anxiety and adherence to the pandemic guidelines. Moreover, we found that trust in healthcare affects adherence to the pandemic guidelines. Therefore, it is important to design an intervention program for the public providing accessible, reliable information about the pandemic, including, and emphasizing mental healthcare needs and rationale of adherence to the guidelines.
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Qalati SA, Ostic D, Fan M, Dakhan SA, Vela EG, Zufar Z, Sohu JM, Mei J, Thuy TTH. The General Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 During the Lockdown in Asian Developing Countries. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2023; 43:239-248. [PMID: 33832371 PMCID: PMC8058537 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211004945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the worst global crisis. Since no successful treatment and vaccine have been reported, efforts to improve the public's knowledge, attitudes, and practices are critical to reducing the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the general public knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in three developing countries (China, India, and Pakistan). The reason for choosing only three countries is to identify the cross-border effect statistically and data collection constraints. The IBM SPSS version 23.0 was used for descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analysis of the study. One thousand one hundred and sixty participants completed the study, one-quarter of them were female, and three-quarters were male. The study's findings evidenced that the knowledge and attitude correlation was 58.4% and between knowledge and practices 18.2%. Furthermore, the knowledge was found lower in females, among India and Pakistan, and people aged less and equivalent to 30 years. The attitudes among respondents were found poorer among unmarried females and India and Pakistan residents. While the practices found lower among employed, unemployed and, respondents had a bachelor's degree, and females reside in India. And future studies should focus on factors that influence the government regarding the imposition of lockdown, boost the economy in the pandemic, and motivate the general public to follow the health institution's instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Ali Qalati
- Department of Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Dragana Ostic
- Department of International Trade, School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Department of Information Management and Information System, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Zuhaib Zufar
- Department of Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jan Muhammmad Sohu
- Department of Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China.,Department of International Trade, School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jinlan Mei
- School of Law, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
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Feduniw S, Modzelewski J, Kajdy A, Sys D, Kwiatkowski S, Makomaska-Szaroszyk E, Rabijewski M. Anxiety of pregnant women in time of catastrophic events, including COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 43:400-410. [PMID: 34633913 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2021.1985453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In March 2020, daily life was disrupted by the new virus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Pandemic-related prenatal anxiety could lead to depression, a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and abnormal neonatal development. This study aimed to investigate the impact of anxiety on the mental health of pregnant women exposed to catastrophic events as compared to those without such exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies. This study compared the prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women during a catastrophic event. RESULTS Fifteen full texts were assessed for inclusion, with 3 included, 10 excluded for not meeting criteria, and 2 excluded for other reasons. The included studies were published before the current COVID-19 pandemic but included the SARS 2003 outbreak. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, 10 further studies were conducted, but they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of two studies using STAI revealed that women exposed to a catastrophic event had a higher mean STAI score of 1.82 points (95% CI: 0.47-3.18 points). CONCLUSION Women with complications during pregnancy should be assessed for anxiety independently from catastrophic events. During financial crises, environmental or other disasters, special attention should be given to women with low risk, normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Feduniw
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Modzelewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kajdy
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sys
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Michał Rabijewski
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Hübner T, Wolfgang T, Theis AC, Steber M, Wiedenmann L, Wöckel A, Diessner J, Hein G, Gründahl M, Kämmerer U, Kittel-Schneider S, Bartmann C. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and other psychological factors in pregnant women giving birth during the first wave of the pandemic. Reprod Health 2022; 19:189. [PMID: 36064560 PMCID: PMC9444078 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of mental illness such as depression and anxiety disorders in pregnancy and postpartum period is common. The coronavirus induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting public policy responses represent an exceptional situation worldwide and there are hints for adverse psychosocial impact, hence, the study of psychological effects of the pandemic in women during hospitalization for delivery and in the postpartum period is highly relevant. METHODS Patients who gave birth during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany (March to June 2020) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Würzburg, Germany, were recruited at hospital admission for delivery. Biosamples were collected for analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and various stress hormones and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition to sociodemographic and medical obstetric data, survey questionnaires in relation to concerns about and fear of COVID-19, depression, stress, anxiety, loneliness, maternal self-efficacy and the mother-child bonding were administered at T1 (delivery stay) and T2 (3-6 months postpartum). RESULTS In total, all 94 recruited patients had a moderate concern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at T1 with a significant rise at T2. This concern correlated with low to low-medium general psychosocial stress levels and stress symptoms, and the women showed a significant increase of active coping from T1 to T2. Anxiety levels were low and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale showed a medium score of 5 with a significant (T1), but only week correlation with the concerns about SARS-CoV-2. In contrast to the overall good maternal bonding without correlation to SARS-CoV-2 concern, the maternal self-efficiency correlated negatively with the obstetric impairment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Obstetric patients` concerns regarding SARS-CoV-2 and the accompanying pandemic increased during the course of the pandemic correlating positively with stress and depression. Of note is the increase in active coping over time and the overall good mother-child-bonding. Maternal self-efficacy was affected in part by the restrictions of the pandemic. Clinical trial registration DRKS00022506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hübner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tanja Wolfgang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Catrin Theis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Steber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Wiedenmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Diessner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grit Hein
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marthe Gründahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kämmerer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Catharina Bartmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Kolker S, Biringer A, Bytautas J, Kukan S, Carroll J. Psychological distress and behavioral changes in pregnant and postpartum individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2022; 44:1067-1075. [PMID: 35760333 PMCID: PMC9232263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the psychological and behavioural effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on a Canadian cohort of individuals during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Methods In 2020, individuals between 20 weeks gestation and 3 months postpartum receiving maternity care from an urban Canadian clinic were invited to complete a questionnaire. The purpose-built questionnaire used validated scales including the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and questions from a SARS study. Results One hundred nine people completed the questionnaire (response rate, 55%) of whom 57% (n = 62) were postpartum. Most respondents (107, 98%) were married and had completed post-secondary education (104, 95%). Despite these protective factors, moderate to severe levels of depression (22%), anxiety (19%) and stress (27%), were recorded using the DASS-21, and 25% of participants (26) had depression (score ≥11) using the EPDS. Despite high social support in all MOS domains (median scores 84–100), a majority of participants reported loneliness (69, 67%) and were nearly or totally housebound (65, 64%). About half of participants worried about themselves (50, 46.3%) or their baby (59, 54%) contracting COVID-19, while the majority postponed (80, 74.1%) and cancelled (79, 73.2%) prenatal appointments. Being homebound or feeling lonely / lacking support were significant risk factors for psychological distress (P = 0.02) whereas exercise and strong social support were protective (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pregnant and postpartum individuals experienced moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exercise and strong social support were protective. Health care provider enquiry of home circumstances and activity may identify individuals needing enhanced supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kolker
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto ON; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, ON
| | - Anne Biringer
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto ON; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, ON
| | - Jessica Bytautas
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto ON; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, ON
| | - Sahana Kukan
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto ON
| | - June Carroll
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, Toronto ON; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, ON
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13
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Indumathi P, Swain D, T P, Jacob J, Tigga R. Knowledge, perceived threats and protective behaviour related to COVID 19 among pregnant women. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 72:103091. [PMID: 35447513 PMCID: PMC8986275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pregnancy is usually a period of joy, happiness, and expectation for a baby. However, COVID-19 changed the priority and created an environment of worry, perceived threats, and increased protective behaviour to safeguard mother and baby against COVID-19. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess, the level of knowledge, perceived threats, protective behavior, and factors affecting protective behavior among pregnant women by using a convenient sampling technique. The questionnaire collected the demographic profile, knowledge related to the risk factors of COVID-19, perceived treats (severity and susceptibility), and protective behaviors adopted by pregnant women. RESULT Among the 325 pregnant women, knowledge was high (50.5%), the highest relative Importance Index for perceived susceptibility and severity was coming to hospital visits (0.64), and the belief that COVID-19 is a severe health problem (0.81) respectively. Around 69.8% had followed COVID appropriate protective behaviors. The study also revealed that, a high level of knowledge (AOR=2.45, 95%CI:1.45-4.13) and having a university education (AOR= 2.91, 95%CI:1.62-5.22) had a significantly higher probability of adapting COVID appropriate behavior among pregnant women. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the need to streamline communication and adequate education for pregnant women which can help reduce perceived threats and improve protective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Indumathi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Dharitri Swain
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Priyadarshini T
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Jaison Jacob
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Rasmita Tigga
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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14
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Avalos LA, Nance N, Badon SE, Young-Wolff K, Ames J, Zhu Y, Hedderson MM, Ferrara A, Zerbo O, Greenberg M, Croen LA. Associations of COVID-19-Related Health, Healthcare and Economic Factors With Prenatal Depression and Anxiety. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604433. [PMID: 35601595 PMCID: PMC9114304 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated whether COVID-19 pandemic-related health, healthcare and economic factors during pregnancy are associated with prenatal depression and anxiety. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 6,628 pregnant members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who responded to a survey between 22 June and 30 September 2020. The survey included questions about depression (Patient Health Questionnaire) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) symptoms and COVID-19-related health and healthcare (e.g., had COVID-19) and economic (e.g., food insecurity) factors. Results: Over one third of individuals reported depression (25% mild, 8% moderate, 3% severe) or anxiety (22% mild, 8% moderate, 5% severe) symptoms. In multivariable analyses, COVID-19 during pregnancy, employment with greater risk of COVID-19, distress over changes in prenatal care, job loss, changes in childcare and food insecurity were associated with greater odds of prenatal depression or anxiety. Conclusion: Findings suggest the COVID-19 pandemic may have severe mental health repercussions for pregnant individuals. Support services for pregnant individuals experiencing these COVID-19-related factors and monitoring of those who had moderate/severe prenatal depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic is warranted.
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15
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Birthing Experiences of Spanish Speakers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in NYC. J Immigr Minor Health 2022; 24:1013-1019. [PMID: 35133579 PMCID: PMC8824325 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patient-provider language discordance is known to negatively affect patient experiences. This study describes the birth experience during COVID-19 among monolingual Spanish and bilingual Spanish/English speakers. Qualitative videoconference interviews with 15 monolingual Spanish and 15 bilingual Spanish/English patients that gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic at a NYC tertiary-care hospital. 93% of participants had a positive birthing experience. Common themes were quality of care, birth outcome, and supportive staff. 80% of patients lacked a support person postpartum. 27% of Spanish-only speakers felt that an interpreter should have been provided but was not, and 47% felt the experience would have been different if they spoke English. The patient birth experience is tied to birth outcomes and quality of care and remained positive during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Restrictions on support people during the intra- or postpartum impacted the birthing experience more than provider language discordance.
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16
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He Z, Chiu JWT, Lin Y, Akinwunmi B, Wong TH, Zhang CJP, Ming WK. The Construct Structures of Psychological and Behavioral Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic in Pregnant Women. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:796567. [PMID: 35903641 PMCID: PMC9323087 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.796567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate the construct structure behind the psychosocial response, behavioral response, prenatal depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHOD The validated Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), PTSD CheckList (PCL)-6, and two newly established scales for COVID-19-related psychological and behavioral responses were used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was applied to evaluate the structural relationships of psychological and behavioral responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Of the 1,908 mothers who completed the questionnaires, 1,099 met the criteria for perinatal depression, and 287 were positively screened for PTSD, where 264 women exceed the cut-off points for both. Pregnant women with full-time or part-time jobs tended to have the lowest scores of EPDS (10.07 ± 5.11, P < 0.001) and stress levels (23.85 ± 7.96, P = 0.004), yet they were more likely to change their behavior in accordance with the COVID-19 outbreak (13.35 ± 3.42, P = 0.025). The structural model fit the data (χ2 = 43.260, p < 0.001) and resulted in satisfactory fit indices (CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.959, RMSEA = 0.072, and χ2/df = 10.815), all path loadings were significant (p < 0.05). The SEM indicates that the level of QoL was attributable to the occurrence of PND, leading to PTSD, and COVID-19 related behavioral and psychological responses. CONCLUSION The inter-relationships between the COVID-19-related psychosocial and behavioral responses have been assessed, indicating that the pandemic increased the burden of perinatal depression. Psychoeducation, as well as other psychological interventions, may be needed to alleviate the COVID-19-based anxiety and increase their engagement in protective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin He
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Wai-Ting Chiu
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Babatunde Akinwunmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tak Hap Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Casper J P Zhang
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Bayrampour H, Tamana SK, Boutin A. Pregnant people's responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods, descriptive study. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E146-E154. [PMID: 35193879 PMCID: PMC9259458 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainty around the timing of its containment, understanding the experiences and responses of the perinatal population is essential for planning responsive maternity care both during and after the pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of pregnant people and their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify how health care providers can support this population. METHODS This was a mixed-methods, descriptive study with cross-sectional and qualitative descriptive components. We conducted the study between Mar. 20 and May 31, 2020, in British Columbia, Canada. Any pregnant person at any gestational age living in BC was eligible to participate. We collected quantitative data using online survey tools, including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7). We collected qualitative data using open-ended questions to explore people's thoughts, feelings and experiences during the pandemic. Participants were recruited using study posters distributed via prenatal care clinics and classes, LifeLabs and social media across the province. We used thematic and descriptive analyses to analyze the data, and we integrated the qualitative and quantitative findings at the interpretation level. RESULTS The study sample included 96 participants with mean (± standard deviation) maternal and gestational ages of 32 ± 3.92 years and 22.73 ± 8.93 weeks, respectively. Most (93%; n = 89) identified as female. Of the participants, 54% (n = 50) and 35% (n = 34) reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, as measured by the GAD-7 and EPDS, respectively. Overarching themes that emerged from the qualitative data included uncertainty about birth plans and setting, added burden to existing health and social disparities, perceived or projected lack of support or limited support, concerns about early development, and struggle over managing multiple demands. Perceived maternity care needs included mental health support, maintaining prenatal care, frequent and proactive check-ins to build rapport, and recommendations specific to the pandemic. INTERPRETATION We found that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pregnant population has been substantial. The findings of this mixed-methods study can be used to help plan informed and evidence-based health care interventions to mitigate adverse effects and support mothers and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Bayrampour
- Department of Family Practice (Bayrampour, Tamana) and of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Boutin), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Sukhpreet K Tamana
- Department of Family Practice (Bayrampour, Tamana) and of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Boutin), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Amelie Boutin
- Department of Family Practice (Bayrampour, Tamana) and of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Boutin), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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18
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Baghel J, Yadav A, Kamath A, Mundle S, Sharma C, Prakash A, Rawat R. The socioeconomic apprehensions of a pregnant woman around COVID-19 – Do we need to be worried? J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:963-968. [PMID: 35495843 PMCID: PMC9051699 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_979_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become the most severe intercontinental health challenge and pregnant women are deemed to be a special population group. The COVID-19-related restrictions on visiting the hospital for antenatal check-up and procedures may be distressing for them. The present study aims at assessing the level of anxiety and risk perception of pregnant women during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included all pregnant women who were above 18 years of age, irrespective of their gestational age. They were administered the pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire via face-to-face interview. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on women’s experience including her worries were collected. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 22. Results: A total of 130 pregnant women with a mean maternal age of 26.1 ± 6.5 years were enrolled in the study. The mean gestational age of the women was 19 ± 4.7 weeks and most of them were in the second trimester (48.5%). Most of the pregnant women encountered the adverse socioeconomic influence of COVID-19 on their daily life (55.6% somewhat, 9.1% moderately so, 1.1% very much). Majority of them reported that they had limited their social activities (78.5%) and amorous relationship with their partner (30.8%). Also, around 59.2% of antenatal women experienced a moderate level and 40.7% had a mild level of anxiety. Conclusion: It is essential for obstetric providers to do prompt identification of mental health concerns in perinatal women and to liaise with mental health professionals to provide relevant interference.
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19
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Kolker S, Biringer A, Bytautas J, Blumenfeld H, Kukan S, Carroll JC. Pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploration of patients' lived experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:851. [PMID: 34972506 PMCID: PMC8718994 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious outbreaks are known to cause fear and panic. Exploration of pregnant individuals' psychosocial condition using a qualitative lens during an infectious outbreak is limited. In this study we explore pregnant individuals' lived experiences as well as their psychological and behavioural responses during COVID-19 with the goal of providing useful strategies from the patient's perspective to enable health care providers to help pregnant patients navigate this and future pandemics. METHODS Pregnant individuals between 20-weeks gestation and 3 months postpartum who received maternity care from an urban academic interprofessional teaching unit in Toronto, Canada were invited to participate. Semi-structured 60 min interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis. Interview questions probed psychological responses to the pandemic, behavioural and lifestyle changes, strategies to mitigate distress while pregnant during COVID-19 and advice for other patients and the healthcare team. RESULTS There were 12 participants, mean age 35 years (range 30-43 years), all 1 to 6 months postpartum. Six main themes emerged: 1) Childbearing-related challenges to everyday life; 2) Increased worry, uncertainty and fear; 3) Pervasive sense of loss; 4) Challenges accessing care; 5) Strategies for coping with pandemic stress; 6) Reflections and advice to other pregnant people and health care professionals. Pregnant individuals described lack of social support due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and a profound sense of loss of what they thought their pregnancy and postpartum period should have been. Advice to healthcare providers included providing mental health support, clear and up to date communication as well as more postpartum and breastfeeding support. CONCLUSIONS These participants described experiencing psychosocial distress during their pregnancies and postpartum. In a stressful situation such as a global pandemic, health care providers need to play a pivotal role to ensure pregnant individuals feel supported and receive consistent care throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period. The health care provider should ensure that mental health concerns are addressed and provide postpartum and breastfeeding support. Without addressing this need for support, parental mental health, relationships, parent-infant bonding, and infant development may be negatively impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kolker
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, 60 Murray Street, Box 25, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Anne Biringer
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, 60 Murray Street, Box 25, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Bytautas
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, 60 Murray Street, Box 25, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haley Blumenfeld
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, 60 Murray Street, Box 25, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Sahana Kukan
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, 60 Murray Street, Box 25, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - June C Carroll
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Sinai Health, 60 Murray Street, Box 25, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Comparison of the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable and Non-Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010830. [PMID: 34682574 PMCID: PMC8535316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerable populations may be more vulnerable to mental health problems posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A systematic review was performed to compare the mental health impact of COVID-19 between vulnerable and non-vulnerable groups. Five electronic databases were searched for observational studies reporting the psychological outcomes of both vulnerable populations and healthy controls during the COVID-19 era. The primary outcomes are the severity of depression and anxiety, and secondary outcomes include other aspects of mental health such as stress or sleep disturbance. Meta-analysis was performed for the severity of mental health symptoms, and the results were presented as standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 25 studies were included. According to the findings, the elderly generally experienced significantly lower levels of psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, and patients with pre-existing severe mental disorders showed mixed results according to each mental health outcome. The results indicate that vulnerable groups have been affected differently in the COVID-19 era. Though the insufficient number and heterogeneity of included studies leave the results inconclusive, our findings may contribute to identifying priorities of mental health needs among various vulnerable populations and allocating health resources with efficiency.
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21
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Spikol E, McBride O, Vallières F, Butter S, Hyland P. Tracking the Irish adult population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: A methodological report of the COVID-19 psychological research consortium (C19PRC) study in Ireland. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 220:103416. [PMID: 34517260 PMCID: PMC8431969 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) study was established to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population of multiple countries. Here, we provide a methodological overview, cohort profile, data access, and summary of key findings from the Republic of Ireland arm of the C19PRC study. A longitudinal internet panel survey was designed to collect data from a nationally representative sample of Irish adults (N = 1041) who were tracked from March/April 2020 to March/April 2021. Quota sampling methods were used to produce a sample that was representative of the population with respect to sex, age, and regional distribution. Data were collected in five waves, and new participants were recruited at follow-up waves to cover sample attrition and produce nationally representative samples at various points during the first year of the pandemic. A comprehensive battery of measures was used throughout the project to assess an array of sociodemographic, political, social, psychological, physical health, COVID-19, and mental health variables. Analyses were conducted to compare sample characteristic to known population parameters from available census data. These analyses showed that the sample was representative of the general adult population of Ireland on the three quota variables and was reasonable representative of the population across a diverse range of sociodemographic variables. These data representative the first and only nationally representative, longitudinal survey of the mental health of the Irish population. These data are made freely available to interested users (https://osf.io/2huzd/files/) and the findings of this study provide a methodological basis for the future use of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Spikol
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Ireland
| | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Sarah Butter
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Ireland.
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22
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Taubman – Ben‐Ari O, Chasson M, Abu‐Sharkia S. Childbirth anxieties in the shadow of COVID-19: Self-compassion and social support among Jewish and Arab pregnant women in Israel. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:1409-1419. [PMID: 33058395 PMCID: PMC7675716 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study examined two angles of childbirth anxieties of Jewish and Arab pregnant women in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic (March-April, 2020). Specifically, we examined the contribution of personal resources: self-compassion and perceived social support, as well as a couple of COVID-19-related fears of being infected and concern for the foetus, to both the woman's global fear of childbirth (FOC) and her COVID-19-related childbirth anxiety. Participants were Jewish and Arab pregnant women (n = 403) aged 20-47, who completed a set of structured self-report questionnaires from 18 March to 9 April 2020. Findings indicated that Arab women reported higher level of COVID-19-related childbirth anxiety and COVID-19-related fears of being infected and concern for the foetus. In addition, poorer health, being an Arab woman, being in the third trimester, lower self-compassion, and higher COVID-19-related fears contributed significantly to greater COVID-19-related childbirth anxiety. Furthermore, poorer health, being primiparous, at-risk pregnancy, lower self-compassion and higher fear of being infected contributed significantly to greater FOC. Importantly, social support was found to moderate the association between self-compassion and FOC. The results highlight the need to be attentive to pregnant women in times of crisis, and in particular to especially vulnerable subgroups, such as cultural minorities. They also highlight the importance of personal resources that may be applied in targeted interventions to reduce distress in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Chasson
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social WorkBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Salam Abu‐Sharkia
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social WorkBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
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23
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Luo Z, Shen Y, Yuan J, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Shangguan F. Perceived Stress, Resilience, and Anxiety Among Pregnant Chinese Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Latent Profile Analysis and Mediation Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:696132. [PMID: 34367022 PMCID: PMC8339262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.696132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major threat to pregnant women's mental health. This study aimed to characterize the patterns of perceived stress in pregnant Chinese women during the COVID-19 pandemic, to examine the profile differences on anxiety and resilience, and to investigate whether the differences in these profiles on anxiety were mediated by resilience. Methods: From February 28, 2020 to April 26, 2020, a sample of 2,116 pregnant Chinese women who participated in online crisis interventions completed an online self-reporting questionnaire assessing their demographic characteristics, perceived stress, resilience, and anxiety. Results: Latent profile analysis (LPA) on two stress dimensions [perceived helplessness (HEL) and perceived self-efficacy (SEL)] indicated four perceived stress profiles: adaptive (33.7% of the sample), resistant (44.6%), insensitive (19.1%), and sensitive (2.6%). The women with both adaptive and insensitive profiles had the lowest levels of anxiety, whereas those with the resistant profile had the lowest levels of resilience. Multicategorical mediation analysis showed that resilience partially mediated the differences in the pregnant women's anxiety between the adaptive/insensitive and resistant profile. Conclusion: This study showed the heterogeneity in the perceived stress patterns of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing the internal mechanisms of pregnant women's anxiety using a person-centered approach, and provided initial evidence guiding the development of differentiated stress interventions to alleviate pregnant women's anxiety during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Shangguan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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24
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Wang Q, Xie L, Song B, Di J, Wang L, Mo PKH. Using social media for health information on COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health: An online survey of 4,580 pregnant women in China. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 10:e28183. [PMID: 34762065 PMCID: PMC8796050 DOI: 10.2196/28183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background: Social media has become an important source of health information during the COVID-19 period. Very little is known about the potential mental impact of social media use on pregnant women. OBJECTIVE Objective: The present study examined the association between using social media for health information, risk perception for COVID-19, worry due to COVID-19 and depression among pregnant women in China. METHODS Methods: A total of 4,580 pregnant women were recruited from various provinces of China and completed an online survey in March 2020. RESULTS Results: More than one-third (39.2%) reported always using social media for health information. Results from structural equation modeling showed that frequency of social media use for health information was positively associated with perceived susceptibility (β = .05, p <.001) and perceived severity of COVID-19 (β = .12, p < .001), which in turn, were positively associated with worry due to COVID-19 (β = .19 and .72, p <.001). Perceived susceptibility (β = .09, p <.001), perceived severity (β = .08, p <.001), and worry due to COVID-19 (β = .15. p <.001) all had a positive association with depression. Results from bootstrapping analysis showed that the indirect effects of frequency of social media use for health information on worry due to COVID-19 and depression were both significant. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: The present study provided empirical evidence on how social media use for health information might have a negative impact on pregnant women's mental health. Interventions are needed to equip them with the skills to use social media properly. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, CN
| | - Luyao Xie
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 202D, School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, HK
| | - Bo Song
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, CN
| | - Jiangli Di
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, CN
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing City, CN
| | - Phoenix Kit-Han Mo
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 202D, School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, HK
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25
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Hu WS, Lu S, Xu MY, Zhou MC, Yuan ZM, Deng YY. Behavioral Responses of Pregnant Women to the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in the Network Era in China: Online Questionnaire Study. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2021; 15:215-221. [PMID: 34216818 PMCID: PMC8242215 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral responses of pregnant women during the early stage of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Methods We recruited 1,099 women to complete an online questionnaire survey from February 10 to February 25, 2020. The subjects were divided into two groups (the pregnant women group and the control group). Results Concerns about infection: most of the participants watched the COVID-19 news at least once a day. Protective behaviors: the utilization rate of pregnant women (often using various measures) was higher than that of nonpregnant women. Exercise: 30.6% of the pregnant women continued to exercise at home, whereas in the control group, this percentage was 8.4%. Spouse relationship: 38.8% of the subjects’ relationship improved, whereas only 2.3% thought the relationship was getting worse. Conclusion Pregnant women had some unique behavioral responses different from that of nonpregnant women. It is important to understand the behavioral responses of pregnant women in this network era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Zhejiang, China.
| | - Sha Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Yan Xu
- Department of Nursing, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Cong Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Yuan
- Hangzhou Institute of Service Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yue Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Zhejiang, China
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26
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Naja S, Elyamani R, Chehab M, Siddig M, Al Ibrahim A, Mohamad T, Singh R, Bougmiza I. Maternal low-intensity psychosocial telemental interventions in response to COVID-19 in Qatar: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:382. [PMID: 34099007 PMCID: PMC8181539 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As COVID-19 is spreading, new psychological health problems are suspected to be emerging among pregnant women. Higher maternal mental health distress, including perinatal anxiety, depression, and COVID-19-specific phobia, is supposed to be increasing during the pandemic, which impacts pregnant women’s health and their infants and calls for intervention. Due to the social distancing protocols posed by the pandemic, telemental health interventions have fast become the most common form of psychosocial support for maternal mental health. However, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of maternal low-intensity psychosocial telemental interventions in improving mental health outcomes. The trial’s objective is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of telemental low-intensity psychosocial interventions in pregnant and postpartum women attending the Women Wellness and Research Centre in Qatar in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and analysis The clinical trial is randomized in which pregnant women will be assigned equally through block randomization between two arms: (1) a control group and (2) an intervention group. The primary endpoint is the perinatal psychological distress, including perinatal depression, anxiety, and COVID-19 phobia in their third trimester; the secondary, tertiary, fourth, and fifth endpoints will be in the postnatal period (3–5 weeks, 2–4 months, 5–7 months, and 8–10 months). This trial involves pregnant women in their second trimester with no mental health illness history who communicate in English and Arabic and consent to participate. A sample size of 58 (29 participants per arm) is targeted. Discussion This study will provide recommendations about the efficacy of low-intensity psychosocial maternal telemental interventions to be implemented as a preventive service. Trial registration 2a-ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04594525. Registered on October 20, 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05339-w.
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27
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Lateef R, Alaggia R, Collin-Vézina D. A scoping review on psychosocial consequences of pandemics on parents and children: Planning for today and the future. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 125:106002. [PMID: 35990215 PMCID: PMC9375174 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 worldwide pandemic has forced individuals into an unnatural way of life. Families with children experience unique stressors, such as school closures, disrupted childcare arrangements, requirement of parents to uptake additional responsibilities such as homeschooling, possible financial strain, and lack of breathing space between family members. The adjustments required of parents and children during a pandemic presumably impacts the psychosocial wellbeing of parents and children in different ways. To better under the psychosocial consequences of pandemics on parents, children, and youth, this scoping review used Arksey and O'Malley (2005) five-stage framework to examine the existing research literature on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Influenza Type A virus (H1N1), and COVID-19 to answer the following two research questions: (1) What are the psychosocial consequences of pandemics on parents of children and youth? (2) What are the psychosocial consequences of pandemics on children and youth? With the application of inclusion criteria, 29 articles were selected for analysis. Four major themes, including sub-themes emerged: 1) Each family members' emotions influence one another; 2) Parents experience greater levels of psychosocial problems than adults without children; 3) During a pandemic, parents require informal (social) and formal (specialized professional) support and; 4) Psychosocial consequences of pandemics on children/youth are understudied, indicating the need for more research on children/youth under the age of 20 years. Clinical prevention and intervention suggestions to support the psychosocial wellbeing of parents, children and youth during a pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusan Lateef
- McGill University, 3506 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Ramona Alaggia
- University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V4, Canada
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28
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Çolak S, Gürlek B, Önal Ö, Yılmaz B, Hocaoglu C. The level of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality in pregnancy during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2666-2676. [PMID: 34062619 PMCID: PMC8242418 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to evaluate the mental health and sleep quality of pregnant women in different trimesters during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and investigate the effect of quarantine and new lifestyle changes that come into our lives with pandemic with on this subject. Methods It was conducted on pregnant women (n = 149) who attended routine pregnancy prenatal visit during their pregnancy weeks. The data were collected using sociodemographic and clinical data form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to evaluate maternal depression and anxiety. Results A significant correlation was observed between the week of gestation and depression, anxiety, and defective sleep scores (p < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was found between the week of gestation and depression (r: 0.628). A high level of positive correlation was found between the week of gestation and defective sleep quality and anxiety scores (r: 0.858, r: 0.754). A statistically significant increase in depression, anxiety, and defective sleep quality was found in the group staying in home quarantine (p = 0.002). Conclusion This study showed that the COVID‐19 pandemic can cause depression, anxiety, and serious sleep disorders in pregnant women. The depression and anxiety scores of pregnant women in home quarantine were also found to be higher than the group not in quarantine. As the week of gestation progresses, mental health symptoms worsen and sleep quality deteriorates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Çolak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Beril Gürlek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Özgür Önal
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Bülent Yılmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Cicek Hocaoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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29
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Zhao YJ, Jin Y, Rao WW, Li W, Zhao N, Cheung T, Ng CH, Wang YY, Zhang QE, Xiang YT. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities during the SARS and COVID-19 epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:145-157. [PMID: 33799032 PMCID: PMC7948672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are associated with various psychiatric comorbidities. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in all subpopulations during the SARS and COVID-19 epidemics. A systematic literature search was conducted in major international (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Internet [CNKI] and Wanfang) databases to identify studies reporting prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in all subpopulations during the SARS and COVID-19 epidemics. Data analyses were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2.0 (CMA V2.0). Eighty-two studies involving 96,100 participants were included. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereinafter), anxiety symptoms (anxiety hereinafter), stress, distress, insomnia symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and poor mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic were 23.9% (95% CI: 18.4%-30.3%), 23.4% (95% CI: 19.9%-27.3%), 14.2% (95% CI: 8.4%-22.9%), 16.0% (95% CI: 8.4%-28.5%), 26.5% (95% CI: 19.1%-35.5%), 24.9% (95% CI: 11.0%-46.8%), and 19.9% (95% CI: 11.7%-31.9%), respectively. Prevalence of poor mental health was higher in general populations than in health professionals (29.0% vs. 11.6%; Q=10.99, p=0.001). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, PTSS and poor mental health were similar between SARS and COVID-19 epidemics (all p values>0.05). Psychiatric comorbidities were common in different subpopulations during both the SARS and COVID-19 epidemics. Considering the negative impact of psychiatric comorbidities on health and wellbeing, timely screening and appropriate interventions for psychiatric comorbidities should be conducted for subpopulations affected by such serious epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Zhao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu Jin
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong province, China
| | - Wen-Wang Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen Li
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital, Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou,China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Qing-E Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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30
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Shorey SY, Ng ED, Chee CYI. Anxiety and depressive symptoms of women in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Public Health 2021; 49:730-740. [PMID: 33966511 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211011793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The prevalence of perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms have been speculated to increase during an infectious disease outbreak but remains unknown in the context of the COVID-19 situation. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms among pregnant women and postpartum mothers during the COVID-19 period. METHODS Six electronic databases were systematically searched for articles from November 2019 to December 2020. Twenty-six observational studies and brief reports were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of anxiety was greater than depression in both antenatal and postnatal periods, and the prevalence of depression was higher in the antenatal period than the postnatal period. The pooled prevalence for antenatal anxiety symptoms, antenatal depressive symptoms and postnatal depressive symptoms were 40% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.27-0.52), 27% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33) and 17% (95% CI: 0.10-0.24), respectively. Europe (56%, 95% CI: 0.28-0.85) had significantly higher prevalence of antenatal anxiety than Asia (16%, 95% CI: 0.09-0.23). CONCLUSIONS The heightened prevalence of perinatal psychological disorders served as an impetus for healthcare professionals and policy makers to ramp up their support and mitigation strategies for pregnant women and mothers in times of health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefal Y Shorey
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esperanza D Ng
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cornelia Y I Chee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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31
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Effati-Daryani F, Jahanfar S, Mohammadi A, Zarei S, Mirghafourvand M. The relationship between sexual function and mental health in Iranian pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:327. [PMID: 33902479 PMCID: PMC8072090 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual function, a significant contributor to quality of life, is affected by various factors, including overall mental health. COVID-19 is a current pandemic that influences the mental health of various populations, especially pregnant women. Despite the importance of sexual health, the specific nature of its relationship to overall mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic is not clearly defined. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between sexual function and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iranian pregnant women. Methods This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out among 437 pregnant women using the sociodemographic and obstetrics characteristics questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Inventory, Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Scales. Random sampling was employed to select pregnant women who had a medical record in Health Centers of Tabriz city, Iran. The questionnaires were sent to the participants’ cell phones via WhatsApp or text messages, including links of questionnaires and the participants completed these questionnaires. Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between sexual function and stress, anxiety, and depression. Generalized linear modeling was used to estimate each of the independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics, stress, anxiety, and depression) on the dependent variable (sexual function). Results The mean (Standard Deviation) sexual functioning (total) score was 20.0 (8.50) from the available range of 2 to 36. The mean (SD) of depression, stress, and anxiety scale was 4.81 (5.22), 5.13 (4.37), and 7.86 (4.50) (possible score ranging from 0 to 21), respectively. Based on Spearman’s correlation test, there was a significant reverse correlation between the total sexual function score and stress, anxiety, and depression, indicating that all three variables negatively impacted sexual functioning. Variables such as mild stress, spouse type of job, sufficient household income, living with parents, higher marital satisfaction, and higher gestational age had a significant, positive impact on sexual function and could predict 35.8% of the variance model. Conclusions Sexual functioning was significantly impacted by stress, anxiety, and depression – all of which are heightened during a pandemic. This topic warrants further study, and the general public should be educated on the protective influence of safe sex/intimacy on overall mental health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03812-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Effati-Daryani
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Azam Mohammadi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Zarei
- Department of Midwifery, Shohada Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51745-347, Shariati Street, Tabriz, 513897977, Iran.
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32
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Guo C, Zheng X. Prenatal exposure to the SARS epidemic emergency and risk of cognitive impairment in toddlers. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2153-2156. [PMID: 33898077 PMCID: PMC8056975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research & APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Institute of Population Research & APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University China
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Yirmiya K, Yakirevich-Amir N, Preis H, Lotan A, Atzil S, Reuveni I. Women's Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4298. [PMID: 33919564 PMCID: PMC8072624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has multiple ramifications for pregnant women. Untreated depression during pregnancy may have long-term effects on the mother and offspring. Therefore, delineating the effects of pregnancy on the mental health of reproductive-age women is crucial. This study aims to determine the risk for depressive symptoms in pregnant and non-pregnant women during COVID-19, and to identify its bio-psycho-social contributors. A total of 1114 pregnant and 256 non-pregnant women were recruited via social media in May 2020 to complete an online survey that included depression and anxiety questionnaires, as well as demographic, obstetric and COVID-19-related questionnaires. Pregnant women also completed the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). Pregnant women reported fewer depressive symptoms and were less concerned that they had COVID-19 than non-pregnant women. Among pregnant women, risk factors for depression included lower income, fewer children, unemployment, thinking that one has COVID-19, high-risk pregnancy, earlier gestational age, and increased pregnancy-related stress. Protective factors included increased partner support, healthy behaviors, and positive appraisal of the pregnancy. Thus, being pregnant is associated with reduced risk for depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Increased social support, engaging in health behaviors and positive appraisal may enhance resilience. Future studies of pregnant versus non-pregnant women could clarify the role of pregnancy during stressful events, and clarify aspects of susceptibility and resilience during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
- Interdisciplinary Center, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Herzlia 4610101, Israel
| | - Noa Yakirevich-Amir
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel; (N.Y.-A.); (A.L.)
| | - Heidi Preis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Amit Lotan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel; (N.Y.-A.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Shir Atzil
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Inbal Reuveni
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel; (N.Y.-A.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Koyucu RG, Karaca PP. The Covid 19 outbreak: Maternal Mental Health and Associated Factors. Midwifery 2021; 99:103013. [PMID: 33957520 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the mental health of pregnant women during the early and peak stages of the Covid-19 outbreak DESIGN: Online survey PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women over the age of 18 years with no mental disorder during the pre-pregnancy period (N = 729). MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS Mental disorders were assessed using the "Depression Anxiety Stress Scale" and social support was determined using the "Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale." Pregnant women had moderate levels of anxiety and depression and mild levels of stress. Anxiety, depression, and stress of moderate or high severity was reported in 62.2%, 44.6%, and 32.2% of the women, respectively. Pregnant women who lost their jobs during the pandemic period showed a 3-fold increase in the risk of anxiety, a 6-fold increase in the risk of depression, and a 4.8-fold increase in the risk of stress. An increase in the perception of social support has protective effects against all three mental disorders during pregnancy. In pregnant women with at least one obstetric risk, the risk of antenatal anxiety is 2 times higher than that in women with no risk. Similarly, women with a chronic physical illness before pregnancy have a higher risk of anxiety during pregnancy than healthy women. Financial strain has predictive value for anxiety and depression, and advanced age is a predictor for depression. KEY CONCLUSIONS The incidence of mental disorders in pregnant women during the pandemic period was much higher than that during the pre-pandemic period. The high frequency of antenatal mental disorders can lead to an increase in the frequency of obstetric and maternal complications in the short and long term. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Early detection of inadequate social support and economic difficulties of pregnant women during the pandemic period is recommended for protecting their mental health. Pregnant women should have easy access to psychosocial support, and they should be provided obstetric counseling during the pandemic conditions.
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Mo PKH, Fong VWI, Song B, Di J, Wang Q, Wang L. Association of Perceived Threat, Negative Emotions, and Self-Efficacy With Mental Health and Personal Protective Behavior Among Chinese Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24053. [PMID: 33729983 PMCID: PMC8043145 DOI: 10.2196/24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has created health care challenges worldwide. Pregnant women are particularly affected by this disease. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to assess the levels of perceived threat (susceptibility, severity, impact), negative emotions (fear, worry), and self-efficacy of pregnant women in China related to COVID-19 and to examine their associations with mental health (depression and anxiety) and personal protective behavior (wearing a face mask). METHODS A total of 4087 pregnant women from China completed a cross-sectional web-based survey between March 3 and 10, 2020. RESULTS The prevalence of probable depression and anxiety was 48.7% (1989/4087) and 33.0% (1347/4087), respectively; 23.8% participants (974/4087) reported always wearing a face mask when going out. Of the 4087 participants, 32.1% (1313) and 36.4% (1490) perceived themselves or their family members to be susceptible to COVID-19 infection, respectively; 3216-3518 (78.7%-86.1%) agreed the disease would have various severe consequences. Additionally, 2275 of the 4087 participants (55.7%) showed self-efficacy in protecting themselves from contracting COVID-19, and 2232 (54.6%) showed efficacy in protecting their family members; 1303 (31.9%) reported a high level of fear of the disease, and 2780-3056 (68.0%-74.8%) expressed worry about various aspects of COVID-19. The results of the multivariate multinominal logistic regression analyses showed that perceived severity, perceived impact, fear, and worry were risk factors for probable depression and anxiety, while self-efficacy was a protective factor. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that perceived susceptibility was associated with always wearing a face mask. CONCLUSIONS Chinese pregnant women showed high levels of mental distress but low levels of personal protective behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions are needed to promote the mental health and health behavior of pregnant women during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix Kit Han Mo
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Wai In Fong
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bo Song
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangli Di
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health of postpartum women has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the experiences that underlie this remain unexplored. The purpose of this study was to examine how people in Canada who gave birth during the pandemic were affected by policies aimed at limiting interpersonal contact to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission in hospital and during the early weeks postpartum. METHODS We took a social constructionist approach and used a qualitative descriptive methodology. Sampling methods were purposive and involved a mix of convenience and snowball sampling via social media and email. Study inclusion was extended to anyone aged 18 years or more who was located in Canada and was pregnant or had given birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained via semistructured qualitative telephone interviews conducted between June 2020 and January 2021, and were analyzed through thematic analysis. RESULTS Sixty-five interviews were conducted; data from 57 women who had already delivered were included in our analysis. We identified the following 4 themes: negative postpartum experience in hospital owing to the absence of a support person(s); poor postpartum mental health, especially in women with preexisting mental health conditions and those who had had medically complicated deliveries; asking for help despite public health regulations that prohibited doing so; and problems with breastfeeding owing to limited in-person follow-up care and lack of in-person breastfeeding support. INTERPRETATION Policies that restrict the presence of support persons in hospital and at home during the postpartum period appear to be causing harm. Measures to mitigate the consequences of these policies could include encouraging pregnant people to plan for additional postpartum support, allowing a support person to remain for the entire hospital stay and offering additional breastfeeding support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Rice
- Department of Family Medicine (Rice), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Anthropology (Williams), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Sarah Williams
- Department of Family Medicine (Rice), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Department of Anthropology (Williams), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Wang Q, Mo PKH, Song B, Di JL, Zhou FR, Zhao J, Wu YL, Tian H, Qiu LQ, Xia J, Wang L, Li F, Wang LH. Mental health and preventive behaviour of pregnant women in China during the early phase of the COVID-19 period. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:37. [PMID: 33761984 PMCID: PMC7988630 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 has caused significant toll over the globe. Pregnant women are at risk of infection. The present study examined the frequency of washing hands with soap and wearing face mask when going out, prevalence of depression and anxiety, and identified their associated factors among pregnant women during the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak in China. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 24 February and 3 March 2020. A total of 15 428 pregnant women who were using maternal health care services in China completed a questionnaire which assessed their socio-demographic and pregnancy-related characteristics, contextual, cognitive and social factors related to COVID-19, frequency of washing hands and wearing face masks, and depression and anxiety. Logistics regression analyses were performed to identify the associated factors of preventive behaviours and mental health. RESULTS The prevalence of probable anxiety and depression was 28.2% and 43.6% respectively. 19.8% reported always wearing face mask when going out, and 19.1% reported washing hands with soap for more than 10 times per day. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that older age was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety (OR = 0.42-0.67) and higher frequency of washing hands (OR = 1.57-3.40). Higher level of education level was associated with probable depression (OR = 1.31-1.45) and higher frequency of wearing face mask (OR = 1.50-1.57). After adjusting for significant socio-demographic and pregnancy-related factors, place of residence being locked down (aOR = 1.10-1.11), being quarantined (aOR = 1.42-1.57), personally knowing someone being infected with COVID-19 (aOR = 1.80-1.92), perception that COVID-19 would pose long term physical harm to human (aOR = 1.25-1.28) were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety, while the perception that the disease will be under control in the coming month was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety (aOR = 0.59-0.63) and lower tendency of always wearing face mask (aOR = 0.85). Social support was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety (aOR = 0.86-0,87) and higher frequency of washing hands (aOR = 1.06). CONCLUSIONS The mental health and preventive behaviours of pregnant women during COVID-19 outbreak was associated with a range of socio-demographic, pregnancy-related, contextual, cognitive and social factors. Interventions to mitigate their mental health problems and to promote preventive behaviours are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Song
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Li Di
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Rong Zhou
- Shandong Province Hospital for Women and Children's Health, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Lan Wu
- Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Qian Qiu
- School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Xia
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Chong Qing Health Center for Women and Children, Chong Qing, China
| | - Fen Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Hong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 13# Rd Nanwei, Xicheng, Beijing, China.
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Mortazavi F, Ghardashi F. The lived experiences of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive phenomenological study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:193. [PMID: 33685398 PMCID: PMC7938285 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic, pregnancy and childbirth for women are taking place in unusual circumstances. We explored the lived experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand their experience of pregnancy so that better support could be provided. Methods We used a descriptive phenomenological approach to understand the lived experience of pregnant women in COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data using a purposive sampling method through in-depth interviews in cyberspace with a semi-structured questionnaire. We used Colaizzi’s seven-step content analysis method to analyze the research data with the help of MAXQDA software version 2020. Results We conducted this descriptive phenomenology study on 19 pregnant women in a period between the 10th to the 20th of May, 2020. The participating women were already pregnant when the first signs of the epidemic appeared in the country and at the time of the interview. We acquired four themes including disruption of the tranquility and regular routines of daily life, new challenges caused by the epidemic, resilience and strength in facing the crisis, and adaptation with new conditions. Conclusions The pregnant women were under intense stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. The general mobilization the health system is necessary for alleviating pregnant women’s difficulties in situations like the COVID-19 epidemic. Virtual training classes and virtual counseling may enhance the peace and tranquility of pregnant women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03691-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mortazavi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Building, Towhid Blvd, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ghardashi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Patabendige M, Gamage MM, Jayawardane A. The Potential Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Antenatal Care as Perceived by Non-COVID-19 Pregnant Women: Women's Experience Research Brief. J Patient Exp 2021; 8:2374373521998820. [PMID: 34179402 PMCID: PMC8205341 DOI: 10.1177/2374373521998820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the basic antenatal care received during the. A facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 62 pregnant women were interviewed. A total of 80.6% of mothers were satisfied with the quality of antenatal care they received, ≥ 7 of 10 on visual analogue scales (VAS). The majority of women were not confident to deliver their baby and 58.1% of women showed ≤ 5 of 10 on VAS. Midwife (90.3%) was the commonest source of information. Internet (1.6%) was a poor source. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of antenatal care was significant, and the findings are useful for the policymakers to plan necessary actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malitha Patabendige
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Castle Street Hospital for Women, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Madhawa M Gamage
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Asanka Jayawardane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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McBride O, Murphy J, Shevlin M, Gibson‐Miller J, Hartman TK, Hyland P, Levita L, Mason L, Martinez AP, McKay R, Stocks TVA, Bennett KM, Vallières F, Karatzias T, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Bentall RP. Monitoring the psychological, social, and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population: Context, design and conduct of the longitudinal COVID-19 psychological research consortium (C19PRC) study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2021; 30:e1861. [PMID: 33166018 PMCID: PMC7992290 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The C19PRC study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the adult population of the UK, Republic of Ireland, and Spain. This paper describes the conduct of the first two waves of the UK survey (the "parent" strand of the Consortium) during March-April 2020. METHODS A longitudinal, internet panel survey was designed to assess: (1) COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; (2) the occurrence of common mental health disorders as well as the role of (3) psychological factors and (4) social and political attitudes, in influencing the public's response to the pandemic. Quota sampling (age, sex, and household income) was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of adults. RESULTS Two thousand and twenty five adults were recruited at baseline, and 1406 were followed-up one-month later (69.4% retention rate). The baseline sample was representative of the UK population in relation to economic activity, ethnicity, and household composition. Attrition was predicted by key socio-demographic characteristics, and an inverse probability weighting procedure was employed to ensure the follow-up sample was representative of the baseline sample. CONCLUSION The C19PRC study data has strong generalizability to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research on important public health questions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan McKay
- Royal HollowayUniversity of LondonLondonEngland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard P. Bentall
- University of SheffieldSheffieldEngland
- University of LiverpoolLiverpoolEngland
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Mirzaei N, Jahanian Sadatmahalleh S, Bahri Khomami M, Moini A, Kazemnejad A. Sexual function, mental health, and quality of life under strain of COVID-19 pandemic in Iranian pregnant and lactating women: a comparative cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33648521 PMCID: PMC7919992 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of pregnant and lactating women is unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on psychological health, sexual function, and quality of life (QoL) in Iranian pregnant and lactating women and compare the results with non-pregnant/non-lactating women. Method This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on pregnant and lactating women, with non-pregnant/non-lactating women from May to Jun 2020. Patients were asked to complete three questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). One-way ANOVA was used to reveal the statistical differences between the three groups. Result The mean age of patients was 20.81 ± 5.92 years old. The mean (SD) score of HADS in pregnant, lactating and non-pregnant / non-lactating women were 12.11 (6.72), 11.98 (8.44) and 9.38 (6.2) respectively, and the results showed that the scores in pregnant, lactating women were higher than non-pregnant / non-lactating women (P < 0.001). Also the mean (SD) score of QOL and FSFI was 68.29 (9.47), 74.18 (12.65), 79.03 (10.48) and 22.71 (8.16), 22.72 (8.16), 26.19 (3.93) in three groups and the scores in pregnant, lactating women were lower than non-pregnant/non-lactating women (P < 0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 epidemic increases the risk of depression, anxiety, FSD, and lowers QoL in pregnant and lactating women, with the general population. This suggests the urgent need for psychological intervention in the maternal population during the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mirzaei
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Bahri Khomami
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Fan FC, Zhang SY, Cheng Y. Incidence of psychological illness after coronavirus outbreak: a meta-analysis study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:836-842. [PMID: 33632722 PMCID: PMC7908057 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-215927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 has had an enormous impact worldwide and is still spreading. Globally confirmed infections have surpassed 41.1 million, of which more than 1 million resulted in deaths. Considering the relationship between public health disasters and emotional disorders, it is essential to examine psychological well-being related to this pandemic. Method We performed a systematic search on psychological problems from PubMed to 10 October 2020, and conducted a meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.3 software. Results The results showed a 19.4% and 26.8% pooled incidence for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), respectively, during the SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-related coronavirus outbreaks. However, overall prevalence of depression was somewhat higher at 27.0% during the COVID-19 period. The pooled incidence of PTSD during COVID-19 compared with SARS and MERS outbreaks, was lower, at 16.4%. Conclusion The results suggest that there are shared and distinct psychological responses following SARS, MERS and COVID-19, and show pessimistic estimates of a wide range of potentially upcoming psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Yao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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Sleep Conditions Associate with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Pregnant Women during the Epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:567-573. [PMID: 33261931 PMCID: PMC7688420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women often encounter psychiatric symptoms and declined sleep quality as pregnancy proceeds. The associations between sleep conditions and anxious and depressive symptoms among pregnant women remained to be investigated, particularly during the epidemic of COVID-19. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey on pregnant women was conducted at the time period of fast increasing cases of COVID-19 in Shenzhen. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were applied to detect anxious and depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regressions models were established to explore the associations of sleep conditions with psychological symptoms. RESULTS In total, 751 pregnant women were enrolled, with a mean age of 30.51 years (Standard deviation: 4.28). Overall, 82.7% of the respondents considered low risk of being infected by COVID-19. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms during the epidemic of COVID-19 among pregnant women were 13.4% and 35.4%, respectively, but most of which were mild. Variables referred to poor sleep conditions were strongly associated with anxious and depressive symptoms, including random or late time of going to bed, difficulty in falling sleep, short sleep duration, and ordinary or poor subjective sleep quality. LIMITATIONS Non-random sample restricted generalization of our findings to the whole population of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed a notable proportion of the pregnant women who exhibited mild anxiety and depression symptoms during the epidemic of COVID-19 in Shenzhen. Targeted interventions in improving sleep conditions might help alleviate gestational anxious and depressive symptoms.
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Brik M, Sandonis MA, Fernández S, Suy A, Parramon-Puig G, Maiz N, Dip ME, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Carreras E. Psychological impact and social support in pregnant women during lockdown due to SARS-CoV2 pandemic: A cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:1026-1033. [PMID: 33533051 PMCID: PMC8012991 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Anxiety and depression during pregnancy can lead to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The SARS CoV‐2 pandemic, and the complete lockdown required during the first wave in most countries are stressors for pregnant women and can lead to anxiety and depression during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore depression and anxiety symptoms, and social support in pregnant women during the SARS CoV‐2 lockdown, as well as to explore demographic risk factors. Material and methods A prospective cohort study was performed at Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, including pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic during the SARS‐CoV2 lockdown period. Three questionnaires were administered to study depression (EPDS), anxiety (STAI) and Social Support (MOS‐SSS). STAI state (STAIs) described the actual state of anxiety and the STAI trait (STAIt) described the trait of anxiety. A cut‐off of 10 for EPDS and 40 for STAI was considered to be clinically relevant. The main outcome measures were depression and anxiety symptoms. Results A total of 217 women were invited to participate, and 204 accepted (94%). From these, 164 filled in the EPDS, 109 STAI and 159 MOS‐SSS questionnaires: 37.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.5%‐45.7%) (62/164) of women showed an EPDS result ≥10, 59.6% (95% CI 49.8%‐68.8%) (65/109) a STAI state (STAIs) ≥40, and 58.7% (95% CI 48.9%‐67.9%) (64/109) a STAI trait (STAIt) ≥40. Regression analysis showed that mental health disorder, Latin American origin and lack of social support were independent risk factors for anxiety symptoms in the STAIs (P = .032, P = .040 and P = .029, respectively). Regarding depressive symptoms, maternal body mass index, mental health disorders and social support were independent factors (P = .013, P = .015 and P = .000, respectively). Conclusions A lockdown scenario during the first wave of the SARS‐CoV 2 pandemic increased the symptoms of anxiety and depression among pregnant women, particularly affecting those with less social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Brik
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Fernández
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Suy
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Parramon-Puig
- Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Maiz
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Emilia Dip
- Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Carreras
- Obstetrics Department, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
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Ding W, Lu J, Zhou Y, Wei W, Zhou Z, Chen M. Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and influencing factors of anxiety among pregnant women in Wuhan during the outbreak of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:80. [PMID: 33494723 PMCID: PMC7829651 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal anxiety has been a significant public health issue globally, leading to adverse health outcomes for mothers and children. The study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and anxiety level of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan and investigate the influencing factors for prenatal anxiety in this specific context. Methods Pregnant subjects’ KAP towards COVID-19 and their sociodemographics and pregnancy information were collected using questionnaires. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to assess anxiety status. Factors associated with the level of prenatal anxiety were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results The prenatal anxiety prevalence in this population was 20.8%. The mean score of knowledge was 13.2 ± 1.1 on a 0 ~ 14 scale. The attitudes and practices data showed that 580/ 817 (71.0%) were very concerned about the news of COVID-19, 455/817 (55.7%) considered the official media to be the most reliable information source for COVID-19, and 681/817 (83.4%) were anxious about the possibility of being infected by COVID-19. However, only 83/817 (10.2%) worried about contracting COVID-19 infection through the ultrasound transducer during a routing morphology scan. About two-thirds 528/817 (64.6%) delayed or canceled the antenatal visits. Approximately half of them 410/817 (50.2%) used two kinds of personal protection equipments (PPEs) during hospital visits. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the influential factors for prenatal anxiety included previous children in the family, knowledge score, media trust, worry of contracting the COVID-19 infection and worry about getting infected with COVID-19 from the ultrasound probe antenatal care (ANC) schedule. Conclusion Prenatal anxiety was prevalent among pregnant women in Wuhan during the outbreak of COVID-19. The current findings identified factors associated with the level of prenatal anxiety that could be targeted for psychological care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03561-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Ding
- Department of diagnostic ultrasound, Wuhan Women and Children Medical Care Center, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- Department of diagnostic ultrasound, Wuhan Women and Children Medical Care Center, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhan Women and Children Medical Care Center, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weizhong Wei
- Department of diagnostic ultrasound, Wuhan Women and Children Medical Care Center, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Department of diagnostic ultrasound, Maternal and Children's Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China. .,The Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Anxiety, depression and concerns of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:125-130. [PMID: 33433702 PMCID: PMC7802427 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In December 2019, the emerging of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has influenced the whole world. The current pandemic also triggers several psychological changes. Uncertainties and changes in health practices may cause anxiety, depression, and concerns on vulnerable populations such as pregnant. This study aims to survey the pregnant women to capture the psychological impact and perceptions during the pandemic. Methods A total of 297 pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled in May 2020. We evaluated the hard-copy survey included questions about demographic and clinical information of patients, 95% confidence intervals of a COVID-19-related questionnaire in a Likert scale and 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results A total of 297 pregnant women were included in this study with a mean age of 27.64. Most patients (82.5%) had concerns about infecting their babies during delivery. The fear of infection of the fetus during delivery revealed elderly age and having anxiety as the unique significant risk factors. Mean HADS-A and HADS-D scores were 7.94 (± 4.03) and 7.23 (± 3.84), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed having anxiety was associated with a high HADS-D score and concern about the inability to reach obstetrician, and being in advanced age, having a high HADS-A score, and concern about the inability to reach obstetrician demonstrated significant effects on HADS-D score. Conclusion We conclude that in future pandemics, communications and reassurance of the patients should be prioritized upon their routine ante-natal care to avoid increased levels of anxiety and even depression.
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Longitudinal study on prenatal depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:1027-1036. [PMID: 34159467 PMCID: PMC8219177 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic context on mental health. Given that pregnant women constitute a vulnerable group, they may be at greater risk for developing psychopathological symptoms due to the confinement. The current study aimed to longitudinally analyze the presence and evolution of indicators of depression and anxiety in pregnant and non-pregnant women, and to identify the differential effects of social isolation or distancing measures on these groups. Participants were 105 pregnant and 105 non-pregnant Argentine adult women. They completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and closed-ended questions on sociodemographic factors, at four different times. Results showed a progressive increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms in the first 50 days of confinement in both groups, and a slight decrease after approximately 150 days. Pregnant women presented a more pronounced initial increase in symptoms, and a weaker decrease at the last wave, compared to the non-pregnant. Results suggest that the pandemic context produces a moderate negative early response and that the initial flexibilizations of sanitary measures (50 days) did not slow down the progression of symptoms (even less in pregnant women). In conclusion, being pregnant could be an extra risk factor for the development of psychopathological symptoms during this pandemic. The particular vulnerability of pregnant women and the associated potential negative effects both on them and on their offspring underline the importance of perinatal health policies aimed at prevention and treatment of possible future consequences.
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Zheng Z, Zhang R, Liu T, Cheng P, Zhou Y, Lu W, Xu G, So KF, Lin K. The Psychological Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Pregnant Women in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:628835. [PMID: 34276429 PMCID: PMC8282994 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been reported to have negative psychological impact on mental health. Nonetheless, there are few studies investigating the impacts on pregnant women. This study investigated the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women, and the associated risk factors that moderated this impact. Methods and Materials: A total of 2,798 pregnant participants were recruited from the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess depression, generalized anxiety disorder and insomnia, respectively, during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, over one third of pregnant participants reported mild depression, around 20% experienced mild generalized anxiety, about one third reported problems with sleeping, and more than 15% felt mild psychological stress. The occurrence of psychological problems was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic when compared to before the outbreak. The previously described pattern that pregnant women in the first trimester are more likely to report depression, and those in the third trimester are more likely to report insomnia and psychological stress, was also recognized in our study population. Mental health issues existing before the outbreak were risk factors, while family support was a protective factor in the occurrence of the measured mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Our data suggest pregnant women's mental health is inevitably affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pregnant women in the first and third trimester and those who experienced mental issues before the outbreak may be particularly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicong Lu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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López-Morales H, Del Valle MV, Canet-Juric L, Andrés ML, Galli JI, Poó F, Urquijo S. Mental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113567. [PMID: 33213933 PMCID: PMC7657008 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the susceptibility of pregnant women to emotional instability and stress. Thus, pregnancy may be a risk factor that could deepen the already negative effects of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze longitudinally the psychopathological consequences of the pandemic in pregnant women, and to explore differences with non-pregnant women. The participants in this study were 102 pregnant women, and a control group of 102 non-pregnant women (most of them reported having university studies and little financial impact from the pandemic). They completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, in three different times (2, 14, and 47 days after the start of the lockdown). In a time range of 50 days of quarantine, all women showed a gradual increase in psychopathological indicators and a decrease in positive affect. Pregnant women showed a more pronounced increase in depression, anxiety and negative affect than the non-pregnant women did. In addition, pregnant women showed a more pronounced decrease in positive affect. It is important for institutions dedicated to perinatal health care to count on empirical information to optimize the provision of their services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán López-Morales
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Macarena Verónica Del Valle
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lorena Canet-Juric
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Laura Andrés
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Galli
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando Poó
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Urquijo
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Aryal S, Pant SB. Maternal mental health in Nepal and its prioritization during COVID-19 pandemic: Missing the obvious. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54:102281. [PMID: 32653855 PMCID: PMC7334639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyashi Aryal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital, Palpa, Nepal.
| | - Sagun Ballav Pant
- Department of Psychiatry, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal
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