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Yu HP, Zhu YJ. Guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials: from weak to strong. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4490-4606. [PMID: 38502087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms in nature have undergone continuous evolution over billions of years, resulting in the formation of high-performance fracture-resistant biomineralized tissues such as bones and teeth to fulfill mechanical and biological functions, despite the fact that most inorganic biominerals that constitute biomineralized tissues are weak and brittle. During the long-period evolution process, nature has evolved a number of highly effective and smart strategies to design chemical compositions and structures of biomineralized tissues to enable superior properties and to adapt to surrounding environments. Most biomineralized tissues have hierarchically ordered structures consisting of very small building blocks on the nanometer scale (nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanoflakes) to reduce the inherent weaknesses and brittleness of corresponding inorganic biominerals, to prevent crack initiation and propagation, and to allow high defect tolerance. The bioinspired principles derived from biomineralized tissues are indispensable for designing and constructing high-performance biomimetic materials. In recent years, a large number of high-performance biomimetic materials have been prepared based on these bioinspired principles with a large volume of literature covering this topic. Therefore, a timely and comprehensive review on this hot topic is highly important and contributes to the future development of this rapidly evolving research field. This review article aims to be comprehensive, authoritative, and critical with wide general interest to the science community, summarizing recent advances in revealing the formation processes, composition, and structures of biomineralized tissues, providing in-depth insights into guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for the design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials, and discussing recent progress, current research trends, key problems, future main research directions and challenges, and future perspectives in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Müller WEG, Neufurth M, Wang S, Schröder HC, Wang X. The Physiological Inorganic Polymers Biosilica and Polyphosphate as Key Drivers for Biomedical Materials in Regenerative Nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1303-1337. [PMID: 38348175 PMCID: PMC10860874 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s446405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for novel nanomaterials with properties not yet exploited in regenerative nanomedicine. Based on lessons learned from the oldest metazoan phylum, sponges, it has been recognized that two previously ignored or insufficiently recognized principles play an essential role in tissue regeneration, including biomineral formation/repair and wound healing. Firstly, the dependence on enzymes as a driving force and secondly, the availability of metabolic energy. The discovery of enzymatic synthesis and regenerative activity of amorphous biosilica that builds the mineral skeleton of siliceous sponges formed the basis for the development of successful strategies for the treatment of osteochondral impairments in humans. In addition, the elucidation of the functional significance of a second regeneratively active inorganic material, namely inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and its amorphous nanoparticles, present from sponges to humans, has pushed forward the development of innovative materials for both soft (skin, cartilage) and hard tissue (bone) repair. This energy-rich molecule exhibits a property not shown by any other biopolymer: the delivery of metabolic energy, even extracellularly, necessary for the ATP-dependent tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanobiomaterials based on these two evolutionarily old, regeneratively active materials, amorphous silica and amorphous polyP, highlighting their specific, partly unique properties and mode of action, and discussing their possible applications in human therapy. The results of initial proof-of-concept studies on patients demonstrating complete healing of chronic wounds are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Morankar S, Luktuke A, Nieto-Valeiras E, Mistry Y, Bhate D, Penick CA, Chawla N. Cholla cactus wood (Cylindropuntia imbricata): Hierarchical structure and micromechanical properties. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:269-280. [PMID: 38072224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The Cholla cactus is a species of cacti that survives in arid environments and produces a unique mesh-like porous wood. In this article, we present a comprehensive investigation on the hierarchical structure and micromechanical properties of the Cholla cactus wood. Multiple approaches consisting of X-ray tomography, scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, nanoindentation, and finite element simulations were used to gain insight into the structure, property, and design principles of the Cholla cactus wood. The microstructure of the Cholla cactus wood consists of different components, including vessels, rays, and fibers. In the present study, we quantitatively describe the structure of each of these wood components and their likely functions, both from the perspective of biological and mechanical behavior. Nanoindentation experiments revealed for the first time that the cell walls of the fibers exhibit stiffness and hardness higher than those of rays. Furthermore, the idea of making porous, thin-walled cylinders was abstracted from the design of vessel elements, and the structures inspired by this principle were studied in tensile and torsional loading conditions using finite element simulations. Finite element simulations revealed that the utilization of a larger volume of material to carry the load leads to an increase in toughness of these structures, and thus suggested that the pores should be architected to maximize the distribution of load. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The Cholla cactus wood possess a unique hierarchical structure that enables it to thrive in arid environments. Our correlative microscopy approach reveals incredible strategies that individual wood components exhibit to enable the survival of Cholla cactus in extreme environments. The present work quantifies the microstructure and mechanical properties of this very interesting natural system. We further investigate a design principle inspired by the vessel elements, one of the wood components of Cholla cactus, using finite element simulations. The study presented here advances our understanding of the structural significance of Cholla cactus and potentially other desert plants and will further help design architected structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Morankar
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amey Luktuke
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Eugenia Nieto-Valeiras
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid 28906, Spain; Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Yash Mistry
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Dhruv Bhate
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Clint A Penick
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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4
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Greenfeld I, Wagner HD. Two natural toughening strategies may inspire sustainable structures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20416. [PMID: 37989760 PMCID: PMC10663515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary designs of engineering structures strive to minimize the use of material in order to reduce cost and weight. However, the approach taken by focusing on materials selection and on the design of the exterior shape of structures has reached its limits. By contrast, nature implements bottom-up designs based on a multiple-level hierarchy, spanning from nanoscale to macroscale, which evolved over millions of years in an environmentally sustainable manner given limited resources. Natural structures often appear as laminates in wood, bone, plants, exoskeletons, etc., and employ elaborate micro-structural mechanisms to generate simultaneous strength and toughness. One such mechanism, observed in the scorpion cuticle and in the sponge spicule, is the grading (gradual change) of properties like layers thickness, stiffness, strength and toughness. We show that grading is a biological design tradeoff, which optimizes the use of material to enhance survival traits such as endurance against impending detrimental cracks. We found that such design, when applied in a more vulnerable direction of the laminate, has the potential to restrain propagation of hazardous cracks by deflecting or bifurcating them. This is achieved by shifting material from non-critical regions to more critical regions, making the design sustainable in the sense of efficient use of building resources. We investigate how such a mechanism functions in nature and how it can be implemented in synthetic structures, by means of a generic analytical model for crack deflection in a general laminate. Such a mechanical model may help optimize the design of bioinspired structures for specific applications and, eventually, reduce material waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Greenfeld
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - H Daniel Wagner
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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5
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Zheng X, Zhang X, Chen TT, Watanabe I. Deep Learning in Mechanical Metamaterials: From Prediction and Generation to Inverse Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302530. [PMID: 37332101 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials are meticulously designed structures with exceptional mechanical properties determined by their microstructures and constituent materials. Tailoring their material and geometric distribution unlocks the potential to achieve unprecedented bulk properties and functions. However, current mechanical metamaterial design considerably relies on experienced designers' inspiration through trial and error, while investigating their mechanical properties and responses entails time-consuming mechanical testing or computationally expensive simulations. Nevertheless, recent advancements in deep learning have revolutionized the design process of mechanical metamaterials, enabling property prediction and geometry generation without prior knowledge. Furthermore, deep generative models can transform conventional forward design into inverse design. Many recent studies on the implementation of deep learning in mechanical metamaterials are highly specialized, and their pros and cons may not be immediately evident. This critical review provides a comprehensive overview of the capabilities of deep learning in property prediction, geometry generation, and inverse design of mechanical metamaterials. Additionally, this review highlights the potential of leveraging deep learning to create universally applicable datasets, intelligently designed metamaterials, and material intelligence. This article is expected to be valuable not only to researchers working on mechanical metamaterials but also those in the field of materials informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zheng
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Xubo Zhang
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ta-Te Chen
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ikumu Watanabe
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan
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6
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Wei J, Pan F, Ping H, Yang K, Wang Y, Wang Q, Fu Z. Bioinspired Additive Manufacturing of Hierarchical Materials: From Biostructures to Functions. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0164. [PMID: 37303599 PMCID: PMC10254471 DOI: 10.34133/research.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Throughout billions of years, biological systems have evolved sophisticated, multiscale hierarchical structures to adapt to changing environments. Biomaterials are synthesized under mild conditions through a bottom-up self-assembly process, utilizing substances from the surrounding environment, and meanwhile are regulated by genes and proteins. Additive manufacturing, which mimics this natural process, provides a promising approach to developing new materials with advantageous properties similar to natural biological materials. This review presents an overview of natural biomaterials, emphasizing their chemical and structural compositions at various scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale, and the key mechanisms underlying their properties. Additionally, this review describes the designs, preparations, and applications of bioinspired multifunctional materials produced through additive manufacturing at different scales, including nano, micro, micro-macro, and macro levels. The review highlights the potential of bioinspired additive manufacturing to develop new functional materials and insights into future directions and prospects in this field. By summarizing the characteristics of natural biomaterials and their synthetic counterparts, this review inspires the development of new materials that can be utilized in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Wei
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Chemistry,
University of Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,
Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,
Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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7
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Morankar S, Mistry Y, Bhate D, Penick CA, Chawla N. In situ Investigations of Failure Mechanisms of Silica Fibers from the Venus Flower Basket (Euplectella Aspergillum). Acta Biomater 2023; 162:304-311. [PMID: 36963595 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The fibers of the deep-sea sponge Euplectella aspergillum exhibit exceptional mechanical properties due to their unique layered structure at a micrometer length scale. In the present study, we utilize a correlative approach comprising of in situ tensile testing inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and post-failure fractography to precisely understand mechanisms through which layered architecture of fibers fracture and improves damage tolerance in tensile loading condition. The real-time observation of fibers in the present study confirms for the first time that the failure starts from the surface of fibers and proceeds to the center through successive layers. The concentric layers surrounding the central core sacrifice themselves and protect the central core through various toughening mechanisms like crack deflection, crack arrest, interface debonding, and fiber pullout. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biological materials often exhibit multiscale hierarchical structures that can be incorporated into the design of next generation of engineering materials. The fibers of deep-sea sponge E. aspergillum possess core-shell like layered architecture. Our in situ study reveals astounding strategies by which this architecture delays the fracture of the fiber. The core-shell architecture of these fibers behaves like fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite, where the outer shells act as a matrix and the central core acts as a fiber. The outer shells take the environmental brunt and scarify themselves to protect the central core. The precise understanding of damage evolution presented here will help to design architected materials for load-bearing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Morankar
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yash Mistry
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Dhruv Bhate
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Clint A Penick
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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8
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Greenfeld I, Wagner HD. Crack deflection in laminates with graded stiffness-lessons from biology. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2023; 18:036001. [PMID: 36863022 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acc0ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A crack propagating through a laminate can cause severe structural failure, which may be avoided by deflecting or arresting the crack before it deepens. Inspired by the biology of the scorpion exoskeleton, this study shows how crack deflection can be achieved by gradually varying the stiffness and thickness of the laminate layers. A new generalized multi-layer, multi-material analytical model is proposed, using linear elastic fracture mechanics. The condition for deflection is modeled by comparing the applied stress causing a cohesive failure, resulting in crack propagation, to that causing an adhesive failure, resulting in delamination between layers. We show that a crack propagating in a direction of progressively decreasing elastic moduli is likely to deflect sooner than when the moduli are uniform or increasing. The model is applied to the scorpion cuticle, the laminated structure of which is composed of layers of helical units (Bouligands) with inward decreasing moduli and thickness, interleaved with stiff unidirectional fibrous layers (interlayers). The decreasing moduli act to deflect cracks, whereas the stiff interlayers serve as crack arrestors, making the cuticle less vulnerable to external defects induced by its exposure to harsh living conditions. These concepts may be applied in the design of synthetic laminated structures to improve their damage tolerance and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Greenfeld
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - H Daniel Wagner
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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9
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Li QW, Sun BH. Optimization of a lattice structure inspired by glass sponge. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 18:016005. [PMID: 36322985 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac9fb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic design of engineering structures is based on biological structures with excellent mechanical properties, which are the result of billions of years of evolution. However, current biomimetic structures, such as ordered lattice materials, are still inferior to many biomaterials in terms of structural complexity and mechanical properties. For example, the structure ofEuplectella aspergillum, a type of deep-sea glass sponge, is an eye-catching source of inspiration for biomimetic design, many researches have introduced similar architecture in cellular solids. However, guided by scientific theory, how to surpass the mechanical properties ofE. aspergillumremains an unsolved problem. We proposed the lattice structure which firstly surpass theE. aspergillummechanically. The lattice structure of the skeleton ofE. aspergillumconsists of vertically, horizontally, and diagonally oriented struts, which provide superior strength and flexural resistance compared with the conventional square lattice structure. Herein, the structure ofE. aspergillumwas investigated in detail, and by using the theory of elasticity, a lattice structure inspired by the biomimetic structure was proposed. The mechanical properties of the sponge-inspired lattice structure surpassed the sponge structure under a variety of loading conditions, and the excellent performance of this configuration was verified experimentally. The proposed lattice structure can greatly improve the mechanical properties of engineering structures, and it improves strength without much redundancy of material. This study achieved the first surpassing of the mechanical properties of an existing sponge-mimicking design. This design can be applied to lattice structures, truss systems, and metamaterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Wei Li
- School of Civil Engineering & Institute of Mechanics and Technology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Hua Sun
- School of Civil Engineering & Institute of Mechanics and Technology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
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10
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Anelasticity in thin-shell nanolattices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201589119. [PMID: 36095191 PMCID: PMC9499526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201589119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the anelastic deformation behavior of periodic three-dimensional (3D) nanolattices with extremely thin shell thicknesses using nanoindentation. The results show that the nanolattice continues to deform with time under a constant load. In the case of 30-nm-thick aluminum oxide nanolattices, the anelastic deformation accounts for up to 18.1% of the elastic deformation for a constant load of 500 μN. The nanolattices also exhibit up to 15.7% recovery after unloading. Finite element analysis (FEA) coupled with diffusion of point defects is conducted, which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental results. The anelastic behavior can be attributed to the diffusion of point defects in the presence of a stress gradient and is reversible when the deformation is removed. The FEA model quantifies the evolution of the stress gradient and defect concentration and demonstrates the important role of a wavy tube profile in the diffusion of point defects. The reported anelastic deformation behavior can shed light on time-dependent response of nanolattice materials with implication for energy dissipation applications.
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11
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Chen H, Jia Z, Li L. Lightweight lattice-based skeleton of the sponge Euplectella aspergillum: On the multifunctional design. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 135:105448. [PMID: 36166939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The glass sponge, Euplectella aspergillum, possesses a lightweight, silica spicule-based, cylindrical lattice-like skeleton, representing an excellent model system for bioinspired lattices. Previous analysis suggested that the E. aspergillum's skeletal lattice exhibits improved buckling resistance and suppressed vortex shedding. How the sponge's skeletal lattice with diagonally-oriented reinforcing bundle of fused spicules and the ridge system behaves under different loading conditions and achieves dual mechanical and fluidic transport performance requires further investigation. Here, we first quantified the structural descriptors such as length and thickness of the bundles of fused spicules and hole opening diameter of the sponge skeletons with and without the soft tissue covered. Secondly, parametric modeling and simulations of the sponge lattice in comparison with other bioinspired designs under different loading conditions were implemented to obtain the structure-mechanical property relationship. Our results reveal that the double-diagonal reinforcements of the E. aspergillum's lattices show i) tendency to maximize the torsional rigidity in comparison to longitudinal and radial modulus and flexural rigidity, and ii) independency of mechanical properties on the diagonal spacing, leaving freedom to control the hole-opening position for the sponge's fluid transport. Furthermore, our coupled fluid-mechanical simulations suggest that the ridge system spiraling the cylindrical lattice simultaneously improves the radial stiffness and fluid permeability. Finally, we discuss the general mechanical strategies and design flexibility in the sponge's skeletal lattice. Our work provides understanding of the mechanical and functional trade-offs in E. aspergillum's skeletal lattice which may shed light on the design of lightweight tubular lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Zian Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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12
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Penick CA, Cope G, Morankar S, Mistry Y, Grishin A, Chawla N, Bhate D. The Comparative approach to bio-inspired design: integrating biodiversity and biologists into the design process. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:icac097. [PMID: 35767863 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity provides a massive library of ideas for bio-inspired design, but the sheer number of species to consider can be daunting. Current approaches for sifting through biodiversity to identify relevant biological models include searching for champion adapters that are particularly adept at solving a particular design challenge. While the champion adapter approach has benefits, it tends to focus on a narrow set of popular models while neglecting the majority of species. An alternative approach to bio-inspired design is the comparative method, which leverages biodiversity by drawing inspiration across a broad range of species. This approach uses methods in phylogenetics to map traits across evolutionary trees and compare trait variation to infer structure-function relationships. Although comparative methods have not been widely used in bio-inspired design, they have led to breakthroughs in studies on gecko-inspired adhesives and multifunctionality of butterfly wing scales. Here we outline how comparative methods can be used to complement existing approaches to bioinspired design, and we provide an example focused on bio-inspired lattices, including honeycomb and glass sponges. We demonstrate how comparative methods can lead to breakthroughs in bio-inspired applications as well as answer major questions in biology, which can strengthen collaborations with biologists and produce deeper insights into biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint A Penick
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144USA
| | - Grace Cope
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144USA
| | - Swapnil Morankar
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yash Mistry
- 3DX Research Group, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Alex Grishin
- Phoenix Analysis & Design Technologies, Inc., Tempe, AZ 85284, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dhruv Bhate
- 3DX Research Group, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
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13
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Kleger N, Minas C, Bosshard P, Mattich I, Masania K, Studart AR. Hierarchical porous materials made by stereolithographic printing of photo-curable emulsions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22316. [PMID: 34785726 PMCID: PMC8595381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous materials are relevant for a broad range of technologies from catalysis and filtration, to tissue engineering and lightweight structures. Controlling the porosity of these materials over multiple length scales often leads to enticing new functionalities and higher efficiency but has been limited by manufacturing challenges and the poor understanding of the properties of hierarchical structures. Here, we report an experimental platform for the design and manufacturing of hierarchical porous materials via the stereolithographic printing of stable photo-curable Pickering emulsions. In the printing process, the micron-sized droplets of the emulsified resins work as soft templates for the incorporation of microscale porosity within sequentially photo-polymerized layers. The light patterns used to polymerize each layer on the building stage further generate controlled pores with bespoke three-dimensional geometries at the millimetre scale. Using this combined fabrication approach, we create architectured lattices with mechanical properties tuneable over several orders of magnitude and large complex-shaped inorganic objects with unprecedented porous designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kleger
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Minas
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bosshard
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iacopo Mattich
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Soft Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Masania
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Shaping Matter Lab, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Hierarchical Interfaces as Fracture Propagation Traps in Natural Layered Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226855. [PMID: 34832257 PMCID: PMC8623779 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compared with their monolithic version, layered structures are known to be beneficial in the design of materials, especially ceramics, providing enhanced fracture toughness, mechanical strength, and overall reliability. This was proposed in recent decades and extensively studied in the engineering literature. The source of the property enhancement is the ability of layered structures to deflect and often arrest propagating cracks along internal interfaces between layers. Similar crack-stopping abilities are found in nature for a broad range of fibrillary layered biological structures. Such abilities are largely governed by complex architectural design solutions and geometries, which all appear to involve the presence of various types of internal interfaces at different structural levels. The simultaneous occurrence at several scales of different types of interfaces, designated here as hierarchical interfaces, within judiciously designed layered composite materials, is a powerful approach that constrains cracks to bifurcate and stop. This is concisely described here using selected biological examples, potentially serving as inspiration for alternative designs of engineering composites.
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15
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Pisera A, Łukowiak M, Masse S, Tabachnick K, Fromont J, Ehrlich H, Bertolino M. Insights into the structure and morphogenesis of the giant basal spicule of the glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni. Front Zool 2021; 18:58. [PMID: 34749755 PMCID: PMC8576975 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A basal spicule of the hexactinellid sponge Monorhaphis chuni may reach up to 3 m in length and 10 mm in diameter, an extreme case of large spicule size. Generally, sponge spicules are of scales from micrometers to centimeters. Due to its large size many researchers have described its structure and properties and have proposed it as a model of hexactinellid spicule development. Thorough examination of new material of this basal spicule has revealed numerous inconsistencies between our observations and earlier descriptions. In this work, we present the results of detailed examinations with transmitted light and epifluorescence microscopy, SEM, solid state NMR analysis, FTIR and X-ray analysis and staining of Monorhaphis chuni basal spicules of different sizes, collected from a number of deep sea locations, to better understand its structure and function. RESULTS Three morphologically/structurally different silica layers i.e. plain glassy layer (PG), tuberculate layer (TL) and annular layer (AL), and an axial cylinder (AC) characterize adult spicules. Young, immature spicules display only plain glassy silica layers which dominate the spicule volume. All three layers i.e. PG, TL and AL can substitute for each other along the surface of the spicule, but equally they are superimposed in older parts of the spicules, with AL being the most external and occurring only in the lower part of the spicules and TL being intermediate between AL and PG. The TL, which is composed of several thinner layers, is formed by a progressive folding of its surface but its microstructure is the same as in the PG layer (glassy silica). The AL differs significantly from the PG and TL in being granular and porous in structure. The TL was found to display positive structures (tubercles), not depressions, as earlier suggested. The apparent perforated and non-perforated bands of the AL are an optical artefact. The new layer type that we called the Ripple Mark Layer (RML) was noted, as well as narrow spikes on the AL ridges, both structures not reported earlier. The interface of the TL and AL, where tubercles fit into depressions of the lower surface of the AL, represent tenon and mortise or dovetail joints, making the spicules more stiff/strong and thus less prone to breaking in the lower part. Early stages of the spicule growth are bidirectional, later growth is unidirectional toward the spicule apex. Growth in thickness proceeds by adding new layers. The spicules are composed of well condensed silica, but the outermost AL is characterized by slightly more condensed silica with less water than the rest. Organics permeating the silica are homogeneous and proteinaceous. The external organic net (most probably collagen) enveloping the basal spicule is a structural element that bounds the sponge body together with the spicule, rather than controlling tubercle formation. Growth of various layers may proceed simultaneously in different locations along the spicule and it is sclerosyncytium that controls formation of silica layers. The growth in spicule length is controlled by extension of the top of the axial filament that is not enclosed by silica and is not involved in further silica deposition. No structures that can be related to sclerocytes (as known in Demospongiae) in Monorhaphis were discovered during this study. CONCLUSIONS Our studies resulted in a new insight into the structure and growth of the basal Monorhaphis spicules that contradicts earlier results, and permitted us to propose a new model of this spicule's formation. Due to its unique structure, associated with its function, the basal spicule of Monorhaphis chuni cannot serve as a general model of growth for all hexactinellid spicules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pisera
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Łukowiak
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylvie Masse
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Konstantin Tabachnick
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovski prospect, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane Fromont
- Western Australian Museum, Locked bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA, 6986, Australia
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 309599, Freiberg, Germany.,Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614, Poznan, Poland.,A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra Dell'Ambiente E Della Vita (DISTAV), Università Degli Studi Di Genova, Corso Europa, 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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16
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Fang W, Kochiyama S, Kesari H. Sawtooth patterns in flexural force curves of structural biological materials are not signatures of toughness enhancement: Part II. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104787. [PMID: 34534844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stiff biological materials (SBMs), such as nacre and bone, are composites that display remarkable toughness enhancements over their primary constituents, which are brittle minerals. These enhancements are thought to be a consequence of different mechanisms made possible by the SBMs' internal lamellar architecture. One such mechanism is the Cook-Gordon (crack-arrest-and-reinitiation) mechanism, whose operation manifests in flexural tests as a sawtooth pattern in the force-displacement curves. The curves from flexural tests carried out on marine sponge spicules, which also possess a lamellar architecture, also display a sawtooth-pattern, suggesting the presence of the Cook-Gordon mechanism. Intriguingly, the spicules were recently found not to display any significant toughness enhancement. To resolve this apparent contradiction, in the preceding paper (Kochiyama et al., 2021), we put forward the hypothesis that the sawtooth pattern was due to the spicules slipping at the tests' supports. In this paper, we present a model for the spicule's flexural tests in which we allow for the possibility for the specimen to slip at the test's supports. We model contact between the specimen and the test's supports using the Coulomb's friction law. By choosing experimentally reasonable values for the friction coefficient, we were able to get the model's predictions to match experimental measurements remarkably well. Additionally, on incorporating the spicules' surface roughness into the model, which we did by varying the friction coefficient along the spicule's length, its predictions can also be made to match the measured sawtooth patterns. We find that the sawtooth patterns in the model are due to slip type instabilities, which further reinforces the hypothesis put forward in our preceding paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Fang
- Brown University, School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sayaka Kochiyama
- Brown University, School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Haneesh Kesari
- Brown University, School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI, USA.
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17
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Fernandes MC, Saadat M, Cauchy-Dubois P, Inamura C, Sirota T, Milliron G, Haj-Hariri H, Bertoldi K, Weaver JC. Mechanical and hydrodynamic analyses of helical strake-like ridges in a glass sponge. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210559. [PMID: 34493089 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
From the discovery of functionally graded laminated composites, to near-structurally optimized diagonally reinforced square lattice structures, the skeletal system of the predominantly deep-sea sponge Euplectella aspergillum has continued to inspire biologists, materials scientists and mechanical engineers. Building on these previous efforts, in the present study, we develop an integrated finite element and fluid dynamics approach for investigating structure-function relationships in the complex maze-like organization of helical ridges that surround the main skeletal tube of this species. From these investigations, we discover that not only do these ridges provide additional mechanical reinforcement, but perhaps more significantly, provide a critical hydrodynamic benefit by effectively suppressing von Kármán vortex shedding and reducing lift forcing fluctuations over a wide range of biologically relevant flow regimes. By comparing the disordered sponge ridge geometry to other more symmetrical strake-based vortex suppression systems commonly employed in infrastructure applications ranging from antennas to underwater gas and oil pipelines, we find that the unique maze-like ridge organization of E. aspergillum can completely suppress vortex shedding rather than delaying their shedding to a more downstream location, thus highlighting their potential benefit in these engineering contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus C Fernandes
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mehdi Saadat
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Patrick Cauchy-Dubois
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Chikara Inamura
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ted Sirota
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Hossein Haj-Hariri
- College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Katia Bertoldi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - James C Weaver
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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18
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Liao XL, Sun DX, Cao S, Zhang N, Huang T, Lei YZ, Wang Y. Freely switchable super-hydrophobicity and super-hydrophilicity of sponge-like poly(vinylidene fluoride) porous fibers for highly efficient oil/water separation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125926. [PMID: 34492858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient oil/water separation ability is a prerequisite for the actual application of the membranes in oily sewage treatment, which is closely related to the surface feature and the porous structure of the membranes. In this work, the electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) porous fibers were firstly fabricated through blend-electrospinning with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and then treating in distilled water. The results showed that the fibers exhibited the sponge-like porous structure, and a few PVP was reserved in the fibers due to the relatively good interaction between PVDF and PVP. The fibrous membrane exhibited high porosity, super-wettability with freely switchable super-lipophilicity and super-hydrophilicity. The oil adsorption capacities as well as the oil and water fluxes were measured, and the oil adsorption capacities were varied in the range of 22.7-76.0 g/g, and oil and water fluxes were 54,737.3 and 56,869.9 L/(m2h), respectively. Specifically, the PVDF porous fibrous membranes showed excellent separation abilities and they could highly efficiently separate oil from oil-in-water emulsions or separate water from water-in-oil emulsions, accompanied with the extremely high water or oil flux. This work confirms that the PVDF membranes composed of the porous fibers can be used in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Liao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - De-Xiang Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yan-Zhou Lei
- Analytical and Testing Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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19
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Miller LA. Fluid flow through a deep-sea sponge could inspire engineering designs. Nature 2021; 595:497-498. [PMID: 34290434 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-01891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Falcucci G, Amati G, Fanelli P, Krastev VK, Polverino G, Porfiri M, Succi S. Extreme flow simulations reveal skeletal adaptations of deep-sea sponges. Nature 2021; 595:537-541. [PMID: 34290424 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery1,2, the deep-sea glass sponge Euplectella aspergillum has attracted interest in its mechanical properties and beauty. Its skeletal system is composed of amorphous hydrated silica and is arranged in a highly regular and hierarchical cylindrical lattice that begets exceptional flexibility and resilience to damage3-6. Structural analyses dominate the literature, but hydrodynamic fields that surround and penetrate the sponge have remained largely unexplored. Here we address an unanswered question: whether, besides improving its mechanical properties, the skeletal motifs of E. aspergillum underlie the optimization of the flow physics within and beyond its body cavity. We use extreme flow simulations based on the 'lattice Boltzmann' method7, featuring over fifty billion grid points and spanning four spatial decades. These in silico experiments reproduce the hydrodynamic conditions on the deep-sea floor where E. aspergillum lives8-10. Our results indicate that the skeletal motifs reduce the overall hydrodynamic stress and support coherent internal recirculation patterns at low flow velocity. These patterns are arguably beneficial to the organism for selective filter feeding and sexual reproduction11,12. The present study reveals mechanisms of extraordinary adaptation to live in the abyss, paving the way towards further studies of this type at the intersection between fluid mechanics, organism biology and functional ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Falcucci
- Department of Enterprise Engineering "Mario Lucertini", University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. .,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Giorgio Amati
- High Performance Computing Department, CINECA Rome Section, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vesselin K Krastev
- Department of Enterprise Engineering "Mario Lucertini", University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Polverino
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maurizio Porfiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Urban Science and Progress, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sauro Succi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Italian Institute of Technology, Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-Science, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Applied Computing (IAC), Rome, Italy
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21
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Yan J, Shi P, Xu Z, Zhao J. A Wide-Range Stiffness-Tunable Soft Actuator Inspired by Deep-Sea Glass Sponges. Soft Robot 2021; 9:625-637. [PMID: 34191615 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2020.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving both high compliance and stiffness is a key issue in stiffness-tunable soft robots. A wide-range variable-stiffness method keeping pure soft characteristic is proposed by bioinspired design of deep-sea glass sponges adopting thermoplastic starch. The stiffness-tunable mechanism is designed through force analysis and optimization of its bionic cellular structure. It is fabricated with load-weight ratio exceeding 470. Then, a wide-range stiffness-tunable omnidirectional-bending soft actuator (WOSA) is realized, and the bending stiffness model is established. Comparative experiments of stiffness and deformation are conducted on WOSA and a pure soft actuator (PSA) with the same size. Results show that the WOSA can get 92.3 times initial bending and 70.8 times torsional stiffness variation range, of which the flexibility is even better than PSA. A gripper assembled by three WOSAs is verified through stiffness adjustment that it can grasp different weight fragile, soft items from the unshelled fresh egg, boiled egg yolk to grapes. It can even lift a dumbbell weighting 3.32 kg. Finally, a manipulator demonstrated its potential in future minimally invasive surgical applications due to its wide stiffness range and large deformation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Yan
- State Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.,Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Peipei Shi
- State Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhidong Xu
- State Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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22
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Ingrole A, Aguirre TG, Fuller L, Donahue SW. Bioinspired energy absorbing material designs using additive manufacturing. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104518. [PMID: 33882409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nature provides many biological materials and structures with exceptional energy absorption capabilities. Few, relatively simple molecular building blocks (e.g., calcium carbonate), which have unremarkable intrinsic mechanical properties individually, are used to produce biopolymer-bioceramic composites with unique hierarchical architectures, thus producing biomaterial-architectures with extraordinary mechanical properties. Several biomaterials have inspired the design and manufacture of novel material architectures to address various engineering problems requiring high energy absorption capabilities. For example, the microarchitecture of seashell nacre has inspired multi-material 3D printed architectures that outperform the energy absorption capabilities of monolithic materials. Using the hierarchical architectural features of biological materials, iterative design approaches using simulation and experimentation are advancing the field of bioinspired material design. However, bioinspired architectures are still challenging to manufacture because of the size scale and architectural hierarchical complexity. Notwithstanding, additive manufacturing technologies are advancing rapidly, continually providing researchers improved abilities to fabricate sophisticated bioinspired, hierarchical designs using multiple materials. This review describes the use of additive manufacturing for producing innovative synthetic materials specifically for energy absorption applications inspired by nacre, conch shell, shrimp shell, horns, hooves, and beetle wings. Potential applications include athletic prosthetics, protective head gear, and automobile crush zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Ingrole
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Trevor G Aguirre
- Manufacturing Science Division, Energy Science and Technology Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Luca Fuller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Seth W Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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23
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Nakamura E, Ozaki N, Oaki Y, Imai H. Cellulose intrafibrillar mineralization of biological silica in a rice plant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7886. [PMID: 33846494 PMCID: PMC8042044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The essence of morphological design has been a fascinating scientific problem with regard to understanding biological mineralization. Particularly shaped amorphous silicas (plant opals) play an important role in the vital activity in rice plants. Although various organic matters are associated with silica accumulation, their detailed functions in the shape-controlled mineralization process have not been sufficiently clarified. In the present study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were found to be essential as a scaffold for silica accumulation in rice husks and leaf blades. Prior to silicification, CNFs ~ 10 nm wide are sparsely stacked in a space between the epidermal cell wall and the cuticle layer. Silica nanoparticles 20-50 nm in diameter are then deposited in the framework of the CNFs. The shape-controlled plant opals are formed through the intrafibrillar mineralization of silica nanoparticles on the CNF scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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24
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Sawtooth patterns in flexural force curves of structural biological materials are not signatures of toughness enhancement: Part I. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104362. [PMID: 33901967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Layered architectures are prevalent in tough biological composites, such as nacre and bone. Another example of a biological composite with layered architecture is the skeletal elements-called spicules-from the sponge Euplectella aspergillum. Based on the similarities between the architectures, it has been speculated that the spicules are also tough. Such speculation is in part supported by a sequence of sudden force drops (sawtooth patterns) that are observed in the spicules' force-displacement curves from flexural tests, which are thought to reflect the operation of fracture toughness enhancing mechanisms. In this study, we performed three-point bending tests on the spicules, which also yielded the aforementioned sawtooth patterns. However, based on the analysis of the micrographs obtained during the tests, we found that the sawtooth patterns were in fact a consequence of slip events in the flexural tests. This is put into perspective by our recent study, in which we showed that the spicules' layered architecture contributes minimally to their toughness, and that the toughness enhancement in them is meager in comparison to what is observed in bone and nacre [Monn MA, Vijaykumar K, Kochiyama S, Kesari H (2020): Nat Commun 11:373]. Our past and current results underline the importance of inferring a material's fracture toughness through direct measurements, rather than relying on visual similarities in architectures or force-displacement curve patterns. Our results also suggest that since the spicules do not possess remarkable toughness, re-examining the mechanical function of the spicule's intricate architecture could lead to the discovery of new engineering design principles.
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25
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Stögerer J, Baumgartner S, Hochwallner A, Stampfl J. Bio-Inspired Toughening of Composites in 3D-Printing. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214714. [PMID: 33105766 PMCID: PMC7660075 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural materials achieve exceptional mechanical properties by relying on hierarchically structuring their internal architecture. In several marine species, layers of stiff and hard inorganic material are separated by thin compliant organic layers, giving their skeleton both stiffness and toughness. This phenomenon is fundamentally based on the periodical variation of Young’s modulus within the structure. In this study, alteration of mechanical properties is achieved through a layer-wise build-up of two different materials. A hybrid 3D-printing device combining stereolithography and inkjet printing is used for the manufacturing process. Both components used in this system, the ink for jetting and the resin for structuring by stereolithography (SLA), are acrylate-based and photo-curable. Layers of resin and ink are solidified separately using two different light sources (λ1 = 375 nm, λ2 = 455 nm). Three composite sample groups (i.e., one hybrid material, two control groups) are built. Measurements reveal an increase in fracture toughness and elongation at break of 70% and 22%, respectively, for the hybrid material compared to the control groups. Moreover, the comparison of the two control groups shows that the effect is essentially dependent on different materials being well contained within separated layers. This bio-inspired building approach increases fracture toughness of an inherently brittle matrix material.
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Robson Brown K, Bacheva D, Trask RS. The structural efficiency of the sea sponge Euplectella aspergillum skeleton: bio-inspiration for 3D printed architectures. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180965. [PMID: 31064257 PMCID: PMC6544886 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Nature, despite the diversity of materials, patterns and structural designs, the majority of biomineralized systems share a common feature: the incorporation of multiple sets of discrete elements across different length scales. This paper is the first to assess whether the design features observed in the hexactinellid sea sponge Euplectella aspergillum can be transferred and implemented for the development of new structurally efficient engineering architectures manufactured by three-dimensional (3D) additive manufacturing (AM). We present an investigation into the design and survival strategies found in the biological system and evaluate their translation into a scaled engineering analogue assessed experimentally and through finite-element (FE) simulations. Discrete sections of the skeletal lattice were evaluated and tested in an in situ compression fixture using micro-computed tomography (μCT). This methodology permitted the characterization of the hierarchical organization of the siliceous skeleton; a multi-layered arrangement with a fusion between struts to improve the local energy-absorbing capabilities. It was observed that the irregular overlapping architecture of spicule–nodal point sub-structure offers unique improvements in the global strength and stiffness of the structure. The 3D data arising from the μCT of the skeleton were used to create accurate FE models and replication through 3D AM. The printed struts in the engineering analogue were homogeneous, comprising bonded ceramic granular particles (10–100 µm) with an outer epoxy infused shell. In these specimens, the compressive response of the sample was expected to be dynamic and catastrophic, but while the specimens showed a similar initiation and propagation failure pattern to E. aspergillum, the macroscopic deformation behaviour was altered from the expected predominantly brittle behaviour to a more damage tolerant quasi-brittle failure mode. In addition, the FE simulation of the printed construct predicted the same global failure response (initiation location and propagation directionality) as observed in E. aspergillum. The ability to mimic directly the complex material construction and design features in E. aspergillum is currently beyond the latest advances in AM. However, while acknowledging the material-dominated limitations, the results presented here highlight the considerable potential of direct mimicry of biomineralized lattice architectures as future light-weight damage tolerant composite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Robson Brown
- 1 CT Imaging Laboratory, University of Bristol , 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU , UK.,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol , University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR , UK
| | - D Bacheva
- 4 Hieta Technologies , Bristol and Bath Science Park, Bristol BS16 7FR , UK
| | - R S Trask
- 3 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science, University of Bristol , University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR , UK
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Yang T, Wu Z, Chen H, Zhu Y, Li L. Quantitative 3D structural analysis of the cellular microstructure of sea urchin spines (I): Methodology. Acta Biomater 2020; 107:204-217. [PMID: 32109599 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mineralized skeletons of echinoderms are characterized by their complex, open-cell porous microstructure (also known as stereom), which exhibits vast variations in pore sizes, branch morphology, and three-dimensional (3D) organization patterns among different species. Quantitative description and analysis of these cellular structures in 3D are needed in order to understand their mechanical properties and underlying design strategies. In this paper series, we present a framework for analyzing such structures based on high-resolution 3D tomography data and utilize this framework to investigate the structural designs of stereom by using the spines from the sea urchin Heterocentrotus mamillatus as a model system. The first paper here reports the proposed cellular network analysis framework, which consists of five major steps: synchrotron-based tomography and hierarchical convolutional neural network-based reconstruction, machine learning-based segmentation, cellular network registration, feature extraction, and data representation and analysis. This framework enables the characterization of the porous stereom structures at the individual node and branch level (~10 µm), the local cellular level (~100 µm), and the global network level (~1 mm). We define and quantify multiple structural descriptors at each level, such as node connectivity, branch length and orientation, branch profile, ring structure, etc., which allows us to investigate the cellular network construction of H. mamillatus spines quantitatively. The methodology reported here could be tailored to analyze other natural or engineering open-cell porous materials for a comprehensive multiscale network representation and mechanical analysis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The mechanical robustness of the biomineralized porous structures in sea urchin spines has long been recognized. However, quantitative cellular network representation and analysis of this class of natural cellular solids are still limited in the literature. This constrains our capability to fully understand the mechanical properties and design strategies in sea urchin spines and other similar echinoderms' porous skeletal structures. Combining high-resolution tomography and computer vision-based analysis, this work presents a multiscale 3D network analysis framework, which allows for extraction, registration, and quantification of sea urchin spines' complex porous structure from the individual branch and node level to the global network level. This 3D structural analysis is relevant to a diversity of research fields, such as biomineralization, skeletal biology, biomimetics, material science, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Ziling Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Hongshun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Yunhui Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Li L, Guo C, Chen Y, Chen Y. Optimization design of lightweight structure inspired by glass sponges (Porifera, Hexacinellida) and its mechanical properties. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2020; 15:036006. [PMID: 31945752 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ab6ca9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The glass sponge is a porous lightweight structure in the deep sea. It has high toughness, high strength, and high stability. In this work, a super-depth-of-field microscope was employed to observe the microstructure of the glass sponge. Based on its morphological characteristics, two novel bio-inspired lightweight structures were proposed, and the finite-element analyses (FEA) of the structures were carried out under compression, torsion, and bending loads, respectively. The structure samples were fabricated using stereolithography 3D-printing technology, and the dimension sizes of the samples were equal to those of the corresponding FEA models. Mechanical tests were performed on an electronic universal testing machine, and the results were used to demonstrate the reliability of the FEA. Additionally, lightweight numbers (LWN) were proposed to evaluate the lightweight efficiency, and a honeycomb structure was selected as the reference structure. The results indicate that the lightweight numbers of the novel bio-inspired structures are higher than those of the honeycomb structure, respectively. Finally, the proposed structures were optimized by the response surface, BP (Back Propagation) and GA-BP (Genetic Algorithm optimized Back Propagation) method. The results show that the GA-BP model after training has a high accuracy. These results can provide significant guidance for the design of tube-shaped, thin-walled structures in the engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China. Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
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Monn MA, Vijaykumar K, Kochiyama S, Kesari H. Lamellar architectures in stiff biomaterials may not always be templates for enhancing toughness in composites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:373. [PMID: 31953388 PMCID: PMC6969223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The layered architecture of stiff biological materials often endows them with surprisingly high fracture toughness in spite of their brittle ceramic constituents. Understanding the link between organic-inorganic layered architectures and toughness could help to identify new ways to improve the toughness of biomimetic engineering composites. We study the cylindrically layered architecture found in the spicules of the marine sponge Euplectella aspergillum. We cut micrometer-size notches in the spicules and measure their initiation toughness and average crack growth resistance using flexural tests. We find that while the spicule's architecture provides toughness enhancements, these enhancements are relatively small compared to prototypically tough biological materials, like nacre. We investigate these modest toughness enhancements using computational fracture mechanics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Monn
- Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kaushik Vijaykumar
- Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Sayaka Kochiyama
- Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Haneesh Kesari
- Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Funayama N. Produce, carry/position, and connect: morphogenesis using rigid materials. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:91-97. [PMID: 31546193 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal morphogenesis can be summarized as a reconfiguration of a mass of cells. Although extracellular matrices that include rigid skeletal elements, such as cartilage/bones and exoskeletons, have important roles in morphogenesis, they are also secreted in situ by accumulated cells or epithelial cells. In contrast, recent studies of the skeleton construction of sponges (Porifera) illuminate a conceptually different mechanism of morphogenesis in which cells manipulate rather fine rigid materials (spicules) to form larger structures. Here, two different types of sponge skeleton formation using calcareous spicules or siliceous spicules are compared with regard to the concept of the production of rigid materials and their use in skeletons. The comparison highlights the advantages of their different strategies of forming sponge skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Funayama
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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31
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Tang Q, Wan B, Yuan X, Muscente AD, Xiao S. Spiculogenesis and biomineralization in early sponge animals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3348. [PMID: 31350398 PMCID: PMC6659672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Most sponges have biomineralized spicules. Molecular clocks indicate sponge classes diverged in the Cryogenian, but the oldest spicules are Cambrian in age. Therefore, sponges either evolved spiculogenesis long after their divergences or Precambrian spicules were not amenable to fossilization. The former hypothesis predicts independent origins of spicules among sponge classes and presence of transitional forms with weakly biomineralized spicules, but this prediction has not been tested using paleontological data. Here, we report an early Cambrian sponge that, like several other early Paleozoic sponges, had weakly biomineralized and hexactine-based siliceous spicules with large axial filaments and high organic proportions. This material, along with Ediacaran microfossils containing putative non-biomineralized axial filaments, suggests that Precambrian sponges may have had weakly biomineralized spicules or lacked them altogether, hence their poor record. This work provides a new search image for Precambrian sponge fossils, which are critical to resolving the origin of sponge spiculogenesis and biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Department of Geosciences and Global Change Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Bin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xunlai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - A D Muscente
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Shuhai Xiao
- Department of Geosciences and Global Change Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Böhm CF, Harris J, Schodder PI, Wolf SE. Bioinspired Materials: From Living Systems to New Concepts in Materials Chemistry. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132117. [PMID: 31266158 PMCID: PMC6651889 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nature successfully employs inorganic solid-state materials (i.e., biominerals) and hierarchical composites as sensing elements, weapons, tools, and shelters. Optimized over hundreds of millions of years under evolutionary pressure, these materials are exceptionally well adapted to the specifications of the functions that they perform. As such, they serve today as an extensive library of engineering solutions. Key to their design is the interplay between components across length scales. This hierarchical design—a hallmark of biogenic materials—creates emergent functionality not present in the individual constituents and, moreover, confers a distinctly increased functional density, i.e., less material is needed to provide the same performance. The latter aspect is of special importance today, as climate change drives the need for the sustainable and energy-efficient production of materials. Made from mundane materials, these bioceramics act as blueprints for new concepts in the synthesis and morphosynthesis of multifunctional hierarchical materials under mild conditions. In this review, which also may serve as an introductory guide for those entering this field, we demonstrate how the pursuit of studying biomineralization transforms and enlarges our view on solid-state material design and synthesis, and how bioinspiration may allow us to overcome both conceptual and technical boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna F Böhm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joe Harris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp I Schodder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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33
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Structural Characterization of the Body Frame and Spicules of a Glass Sponge. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Enhanced bending failure strain in biological glass fibers due to internal lamellar architecture. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 76:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Lopez-Berganza JA, Song R, Elbanna A, Espinosa-Marzal RM. Calcium carbonate with nanogranular microstructure yields enhanced toughness. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16689-16699. [PMID: 29067387 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nanogranular microstructures is a widely reported feature of biominerals that form by classical and non-classical mineralization pathways. Inspired by nature, we have synthesized amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles with nanogranular microstructures, whose grain size is tuned by varying the polymer concentration. The response to indentation of single calcium carbonate nanoparticles proceeds via an intermittent stick-slip that reflects the characteristics of the nanogranular microstructure. A two-fold mechanism is thus proposed to enhance the toughness of the nanoparticles, namely nanogranular rearrangement and intergranular bridging by an organic phase and/or hydration. This work not only provides a synthesis route to design biologically inspired mineral nanoparticles with nanogranular structure, but also helps in understanding toughening mechanisms of biominerals arising from their nanoscale heterogeneity.
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36
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Brayard A, Krumenacker LJ, Botting JP, Jenks JF, Bylund KG, Fara E, Vennin E, Olivier N, Goudemand N, Saucède T, Charbonnier S, Romano C, Doguzhaeva L, Thuy B, Hautmann M, Stephen DA, Thomazo C, Escarguel G. Unexpected Early Triassic marine ecosystem and the rise of the Modern evolutionary fauna. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602159. [PMID: 28246643 PMCID: PMC5310825 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction, the Early Triassic (~251.9 to 247 million years ago) is portrayed as an environmentally unstable interval characterized by several biotic crises and heavily depauperate marine benthic ecosystems. We describe a new fossil assemblage-the Paris Biota-from the earliest Spathian (middle Olenekian, ~250.6 million years ago) of the Bear Lake area, southeastern Idaho, USA. This highly diversified assemblage documents a remarkably complex marine ecosystem including at least seven phyla and 20 distinct metazoan orders, along with algae. Most unexpectedly, it combines early Paleozoic and middle Mesozoic taxa previously unknown from the Triassic strata, among which are primitive Cambrian-Ordovician leptomitid sponges (a 200-million year Lazarus taxon) and gladius-bearing coleoid cephalopods, a poorly documented group before the Jurassic (~50 million years after the Early Triassic). Additionally, the crinoid and ophiuroid specimens show derived anatomical characters that were thought to have evolved much later. Unlike previous works that suggested a sluggish postcrisis recovery and a low diversity for the Early Triassic benthic organisms, the unexpected composition of this exceptional assemblage points toward an early and rapid post-Permian diversification for these clades. Overall, it illustrates a phylogenetically diverse, functionally complex, and trophically multileveled marine ecosystem, from primary producers up to top predators and potential scavengers. Hence, the Paris Biota highlights the key evolutionary position of Early Triassic fossil ecosystems in the transition from the Paleozoic to the Modern marine evolutionary fauna at the dawn of the Mesozoic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Brayard
- Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - L. J. Krumenacker
- Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173480, Bozeman, MT 59717–3480, USA
| | - Joseph P. Botting
- Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP, U.K
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Fara
- Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vennin
- Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Olivier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, 5 rue Kessler, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Goudemand
- Institute of Functional Genomics of Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon–CNRS 5242–Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unités Sous Contrat INRA USC 1370, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Charbonnier
- Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre de Recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (UMR 7207), Sorbonne Universités–MNHN, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carlo Romano
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Larisa Doguzhaeva
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Thuy
- Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum Luxembourg, 25 rue Münster, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Hautmann
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel A. Stephen
- Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University, 800 West University Parkway, Orem, UT 84058, USA
| | - Christophe Thomazo
- Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gilles Escarguel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, 27-43 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Sato K, Ozaki N, Nakanishi K, Sugahara Y, Oaki Y, Salinas C, Herrera S, Kisailus D, Imai H. Effects of nanostructured biosilica on rice plant mechanics. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biosilicas in rice plants originate from their nanostructures, which can be customized for their intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences
- Akita Prefectural University
- Akita 010-0195
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sugahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 169-8555
- Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Christopher Salinas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Steven Herrera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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Wolf SE, Böhm CF, Harris J, Demmert B, Jacob DE, Mondeshki M, Ruiz-Agudo E, Rodríguez-Navarro C. Nonclassical crystallization in vivo et in vitro (I): Process-structure-property relationships of nanogranular biominerals. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:244-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Schröder HC, Grebenjuk VA, Wang X, Müller WEG. Hierarchical architecture of sponge spicules: biocatalytic and structure-directing activity of silicatein proteins as model for bioinspired applications. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2016; 11:041002. [PMID: 27452043 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/11/4/041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the first description of the silicateins, a group of enzymes that mediate the formation of the amorphous, hydrated biosilica of the skeleton of the siliceous sponges, much progress has been achieved in the understanding of this biomineralization process. These discoveries include, beside the proof of the enzymatic nature of the sponge biosilica formation, the dual property of the enzyme, to act both as a structure-forming and structure-guiding protein, and the demonstration that the initial product of silicatein is a soft, gel-like material that has to undergo a maturation process during which it achieves its favorable physical-chemical properties allowing the development of various technological or medical applications. This process comprises the hardening of the material by the removal of water and ions, its cast-molding to specific morphologies, as well as the fusion of the biosilica nanoparticles through a biosintering mechanism. The discovery that the enzymatically formed biosilica is morphogenetically active and printable also opens new applications in rapid prototyping and three-dimensional bioprinting of customized scaffolds/implants for biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz C Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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40
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Internal structure of sponge glass fiber revealed by ptychographic nanotomography. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:124-8. [PMID: 26853498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Naleway SE, Taylor JR, Porter MM, Meyers MA, McKittrick J. Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:1143-1167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Marine Invertebrates of Boka Kotorska Bay Unique Sources for Bioinspired Materials Science. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2016_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Zhang Y, Reed BW, Chung FR, Koski KJ. Mesoscale elastic properties of marine sponge spicules. J Struct Biol 2016; 193:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Green DW, Ben-Nissan B, Yoon KS, Milthorpe B, Jung HS. Bioinspired materials for regenerative medicine: going beyond the human archetypes. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2396-2406. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02634b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are skilful innovators and fabricators of materials, driven by the forces of evolution. We describe the translation process between natural material innovations and human tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Green
- Oral Biosciences
- Faculty of Dentistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Sai Ying Pun
- China
| | - B. Ben-Nissan
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney 2007
- Australia
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology
- Department of Oral Biology
- Oral Science Research Center
- BK21 PLUS Project
- Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - B. Milthorpe
- Faculty of Science
- University of Technology
- Sydney 2007
- Australia
| | - H.-S. Jung
- Oral Biosciences
- Faculty of Dentistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Sai Ying Pun
- China
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Hoshino T, Sato K, Oaki Y, Sugawara-Narutaki A, Shimizu K, Ozaki N, Imai H. Plant opal-mimetic bunching silica nanoparticles mediated by long-chain polyethyleneimine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant opal-mimetic structures of bunching silica nanoparticles were produced through polymer-mediated polycondensation of hydrolyzed silicate species in a matrix of long-chain branched polyethyleneimine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Kanako Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Ayae Sugawara-Narutaki
- Department of Crystalline Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Organization for Regional Industrial Academic Cooperation
- Tottori University
- Japan
- Japan Organization for Regional Industrial Academic Cooperation
- Tottori University
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences
- Akita Prefectural University
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama
- Japan
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46
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Sato K, Yamauchi A, Ozaki N, Ishigure T, Oaki Y, Imai H. Optical properties of biosilicas in rice plants. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosilicas in rice plants control transmission of light for the promotion of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sato
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences
- Akita Prefectural University
- Akita 010-0195
- Japan
| | - Takaaki Ishigure
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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Naleway SE, Porter MM, McKittrick J, Meyers MA. Structural Design Elements in Biological Materials: Application to Bioinspiration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5455-76. [PMID: 26305858 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Eight structural elements in biological materials are identified as the most common amongst a variety of animal taxa. These are proposed as a new paradigm in the field of biological materials science as they can serve as a toolbox for rationalizing the complex mechanical behavior of structural biological materials and for systematizing the development of bioinspired designs for structural applications. They are employed to improve the mechanical properties, namely strength, wear resistance, stiffness, flexibility, fracture toughness, and energy absorption of different biological materials for a variety of functions (e.g., body support, joint movement, impact protection, weight reduction). The structural elements identified are: fibrous, helical, gradient, layered, tubular, cellular, suture, and overlapping. For each of the structural design elements, critical design parameters are presented along with constitutive equations with a focus on mechanical properties. Additionally, example organisms from varying biological classes are presented for each case to display the wide variety of environments where each of these elements is present. Examples of current bioinspired materials are also introduced for each element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Naleway
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Michael M Porter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Marc A Meyers
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
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Nakayama S, Arima K, Kawai K, Mohri K, Inui C, Sugano W, Koba H, Tamada K, Nakata Y, Kishimoto K, Arai-Shindo M, Kojima C, Matsumoto T, Fujimori T, Agata K, Funayama N. Dynamic Transport and Cementation of Skeletal Elements Build Up the Pole-and-Beam Structured Skeleton of Sponges. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2549-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Glassin, a histidine-rich protein from the siliceous skeletal system of the marine sponge Euplectella, directs silica polycondensation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11449-54. [PMID: 26261346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506968112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexactinellids are a diverse group of predominantly deep sea sponges that synthesize elaborate fibrous skeletal systems of amorphous hydrated silica. As a representative example, members of the genus Euplectella have proved to be useful model systems for investigating structure-function relationships in these hierarchically ordered siliceous network-like composites. Despite recent advances in understanding the mechanistic origins of damage tolerance in these complex skeletal systems, the details of their synthesis have remained largely unexplored. Here, we describe a previously unidentified protein, named "glassin," the main constituent in the water-soluble fraction of the demineralized skeletal elements of Euplectella. When combined with silicic acid solutions, glassin rapidly accelerates silica polycondensation over a pH range of 6-8. Glassin is characterized by high histidine content, and cDNA sequence analysis reveals that glassin shares no significant similarity with any other known proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals that glassin consists of two similar histidine-rich domains and a connecting domain. Each of the histidine-rich domains is composed of three segments: an amino-terminal histidine and aspartic acid-rich sequence, a proline-rich sequence in the middle, and a histidine and threonine-rich sequence at the carboxyl terminus. Histidine always forms HX or HHX repeats, in which most of X positions are occupied by glycine, aspartic acid, or threonine. Recombinant glassin reproduces the silica precipitation activity observed in the native proteins. The highly modular composition of glassin, composed of imidazole, acidic, and hydroxyl residues, favors silica polycondensation and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of skeletal formation in hexactinellid sponges.
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Licsandru E, Petit E, Moldovan S, Ersen O, Barboiu M. Biomimetic Autocatalytic Synthesis of Organized Silica Hybrids. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erol Licsandru
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems, Institut Europeen des Membranes, UMR‐CNRS 5635, ENSCM‐U, Place Eugene Bataillon CC047, 34095 Montpellier, France, http://www.nsa‐systems‐chemistry.fr
| | - Eddy Petit
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems, Institut Europeen des Membranes, UMR‐CNRS 5635, ENSCM‐U, Place Eugene Bataillon CC047, 34095 Montpellier, France, http://www.nsa‐systems‐chemistry.fr
| | - Simona Moldovan
- IPCMS‐Groupe Surfaces et Interfaces, CNRS‐ULP UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- IPCMS‐Groupe Surfaces et Interfaces, CNRS‐ULP UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems, Institut Europeen des Membranes, UMR‐CNRS 5635, ENSCM‐U, Place Eugene Bataillon CC047, 34095 Montpellier, France, http://www.nsa‐systems‐chemistry.fr
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