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Figueira MI, Carvalho TMA, Macário-Monteiro J, Cardoso HJ, Correia S, Vaz CV, Duarte AP, Socorro S. The Pros and Cons of Estrogens in Prostate Cancer: An Update with a Focus on Phytoestrogens. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1636. [PMID: 39200101 PMCID: PMC11351860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogens in prostate cancer (PCa) is shrouded in mystery, with its actions going from angelic to devilish. The findings by Huggins and Hodges establishing PCa as a hormone-sensitive cancer have provided the basis for using estrogens in therapy. However, despite the clinical efficacy in suppressing tumor growth and the panoply of experimental evidence describing its anticarcinogenic effects, estrogens were abolished from PCa treatment because of the adverse secondary effects. Notwithstanding, research work over the years has continued investigating the effects of estrogens, reporting their pros and cons in prostate carcinogenesis. In contrast with the beneficial therapeutic effects, many reports have implicated estrogens in the disruption of prostate cell fate and tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, epidemiological data demonstrating the lower incidence of PCa in Eastern countries associated with a higher consumption of phytoestrogens support the beneficial role of estrogens in counteracting cancer development. Many studies have investigated the effects of phytoestrogens and the underlying mechanisms of action, which may contribute to developing safe estrogen-based anti-PCa therapies. This review compiles the existing data on the anti- and protumorigenic actions of estrogens and summarizes the anticancer effects of several phytoestrogens, highlighting their promising features in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.I.F.)
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2
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Gopinath P, Oviya RP, Gopisetty G. Oestrogen receptor-independent actions of oestrogen in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9497-9509. [PMID: 37731028 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Oestrogen, the primary female sex hormone, plays a significant role in tumourigenesis. The major pathway for oestrogen is via binding to its receptor [oestrogen receptor (ERα or β)], followed by nuclear translocation and transcriptional regulation of target genes. Almost 70% of breast tumours are ER + , and endocrine therapies with selective ER modulators (tamoxifen) have been successfully applied. As many as 25% of tamoxifen-treated patients experience disease relapse within 5 years upon completion of chemotherapy. In such cases, the ER-independent oestrogen actions provide a plausible explanation for the resistance, as well as expands the existing horizon of available drug targets. ER-independent oestrogen signalling occurs via one of the following pathways: signalling through membrane receptors, oxidative catabolism giving rise to genotoxic metabolites, effects on mitochondria and redox balance, and induction of inflammatory cytokines. The current review focuses on the non-classical oestrogen signalling, its role in cancer, and its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Gopinath
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Revathi Paramasivam Oviya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
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Taghipour Z, Bahmanzadeh M, Rahimi R. The Effects of Clove and Its Constituents on Reproductive System: a Comprehensive Review. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2591-2614. [PMID: 37040058 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Clove with the scientific name of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry is an evergreen tree in which its buds are used for medicinal purposes. Traditional medicine manuscripts as well as recent studies reported its effects on male and female reproductive systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the reported contradictory effects of clove and its phytochemicals on the reproductive system of both males and females. All types of in vitro, animal, and human studies of clove and its main constituents in the field of reproductive systems were collected via searching electronic databases including PubMed and Scopus from the onset till 2021. In this review, 76 articles were included, of which 25 were related to male reproduction, 32 were related to female reproduction, and 19 were related to reproductive malignancies. Analysis of the literature indicates the effects of clove and its constituents especially eugenol and β-caryophyllene on the level of sex hormones, fertility, sperm abnormalities, endometriosis, menstrual cycle, as well as gynecological infections, and reproductive tumors. The main mechanism of clove has not been understood yet but it seems that different parameters affect its pharmacological activity including the type of extract, dose, and duration of administration as well as the primary cause of the disorder. According to the effects of clove on different parts of the reproductive system, it seems that it can be a suitable candidate for related disorders, provided that more and more detailed studies are done on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Taghipour
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Wei X, Hu W, Mao K. A methylomics-associated nomogram predicts the overall survival risk of stage III to IV ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32766. [PMID: 36749233 PMCID: PMC9901957 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrated that DNA methylation may be potential prognostic hallmarks of various cancers. However, few studies have focused on the power of DNA methylation for prognostic prediction in patients with stage III to IV ovarian cancer (OC). Therefore, constructing a methylomics-related indicator to predict overall survival (OS) of stage III to IV OC was urgently required. A total of 520 OC patients with 485,577 DNA methylation sites from TCGA database were selected to develop a robust DNA methylation signature. The 520 patients were clustered into a training group (70%, n = 364 samples) and an internal validation group (30%, n = 156). The training group was used for digging a prognostic predictor based on univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) as well as multivariate Cox regression analysis. The internal and external validation group (ICGC OV-AU project) were used for validating the predictive robustness of the predictor based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We identified a 21-DNA methylation signature-based classifier for stage III-IV OC patients' OS. According to ROC analysis in the internal validation, external validation and entire TCGA set, we proved the high power of the 21-DNA methylation signature for predicting OS (area under the curve [AUC] at 1, 3, 5 years in internal validation set (0.782, 0.739, 0.777, respectively), external validation set (0.828, 0.760, 0.741, respectively), entire TCGA set (0.741, 0.748, 0.781, respectively). Besides, a nomogram was developed via methylation risk score as well as a few clinical variables, and the result showed a high ability of the predictive nomogram. In summary, we used integrated bioinformatics approaches to successfully identified a DNA methylation-associated nomogram, which can predict effectively the OS of patients with stage III to IV OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wei
- Department of Gynaecology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Hu
- Department of Gynaecology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexi Mao
- Department of Emergency, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, Wuhan, China
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5
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Shi X, Zhang W, Bao X, Liu X, Yang M, Yin C. Eugenol modulates the NOD1-NF-κB signaling pathway via targeting NF-κB protein in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1136067. [PMID: 36923216 PMCID: PMC10009163 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1136067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), has a worse prognosis and a higher probability of relapse since there is a narrow range of treatment options. Identifying and testing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of TNBC is of high priority. METHODS Using a transcriptional signature of triple-negative breast cancer collected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), CMap was utilized to reposition compounds for the treatment of TNBC. CCK8 and colony formation experiments were performed to detect the effect of the candidate drug on the proliferation of TNBC cells. Meanwhile, transwell and wound healing assay were implemented to detect cell metastasis change caused by the candidate drug. Moreover, the proteomic approach was presently ongoing to evaluate the underlying mechanism of the candidate drug in TNBC. Furthermore, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) coupled with LC-MS/MS was carried out to explore the potential drug target candidate in TNBC cells. RESULTS We found that the most widely used medication, eugenol, reduced the growth and metastasis of TNBC cells. According to the underlying mechanism revealed by proteomics, eugenol could inhibit TNBC cell proliferation and metastasis via the NOD1-NF-κB signaling pathway. DARTS experiment further revealed that eugenol may bind to NF-κB in TNBC cells. CONCLUDES Our findings pointed out that eugenol was a potential candidate drug for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Pharmacy Department, Wenzhou Nursing School, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Obstetrics Department, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chengliang Yin,
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Azevedo-Barbosa H, Ferreira-Silva GÁ, do Vale BP, Hawkes JA, Ionta M, Carvalho DT. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Novel Aryl Sulfonamides and Their Activity against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200831. [PMID: 36305872 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of structural analogs of aryl sulfonamide hybrid compounds were synthesised and their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T). The compounds were designed through electronic, hydrophobic and steric modifications using the chemical structure of N-{4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-propylphenyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl}acetamide (referred to as compound 7) as a starting point to then assess a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. From the data generated, we observed that compounds 9, 10 and 11 (which have modifications in the substituents of the aryl sulfonamide), efficiently reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell cultures. Based on initial data, we selected compounds 10 and 11 for further investigations into their antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic profile against MDA-MB-231 cells, and we noted that compound 10 was the most promising compound in the series. Compound 10 promoted morphological changes and altered the dynamics of cell cycle progression in MDA-MB-231 cells, inducing arrest in G1/S transition. Taken together, these results show that the dihydroeugenol-aryl-sulfonamide hybrid compound 10 (which has an electron withdrawing nitro group) displays promising antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helloana Azevedo-Barbosa
- LQFar - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Álvaro Ferreira-Silva
- LABAInt - Laboratory of Integrative Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pereira do Vale
- LQFar - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Jamie Anthony Hawkes
- LQFar - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- LABAInt - Laboratory of Integrative Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Diogo Teixeira Carvalho
- LQFar - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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7
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Begum SN, Ray AS, Rahaman CH. A comprehensive and systematic review on potential anticancer activities of eugenol: From pre-clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154456. [PMID: 36152592 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eugenol (1-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene) is an important simple phenolic compound mainly derived from Syzygium aromaticum and many other plants. It is traditionally used in ayurveda and aromatherapy for the healing of many health problems. It also has significant applications in dentistry, agriculture, and flavour industry. This simple phenol has an eclectic range of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. It is regarded as safe by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations due to its non-carcinogenic and non-mutagenic properties. PURPOSE The aim of this comprehensive review is to present a critical and systematic assessment of the antitumor ability of eugenol and its associated molecular targets in various cancers. METHODS It was carried out following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the SYstematic review centre for laboratory animal experimentation guidelines. The literature search was performed in standard databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords 'eugenol' or 'eugenol essential oil' and 'anti-cancer properties of eugenol'. RESULTS The scientific information from fifty-three studies was encompassed in the present review work. Eugenol exhibits significant anticancer effects in a variety of biological pathways, namely apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle progression, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis. Eugenol-induced apoptosis has been noticed in osteosarcoma, skin tumors, melanoma, leukemia, gastric and mast cells. It decreases the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin B, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, nuclear factor-ƙB, inhibitor of nuclear factor ƙB, and B-cell lymphoma-2. Eugenol increases the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) associated X, BH3-interacting domain death agonist, BCL-2 associated agonist of cell death, apoptotic protease activating factor 1, cytochrome c, p21, and p53. CONCLUSION The anticancer potential exhibited by eugenol is mainly attributed to its anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, cell cycle arrest, apoptotic, and autophagic effects. Hence, the use of eugenol alone or along with other chemotherapeutic anticancer agents is found to be very effective in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nurunnesa Begum
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Anindya Sundar Ray
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India; Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal 713340, India
| | - Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India.
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Future Prospective of Radiopharmaceuticals from Natural Compounds Using Iodine Radioisotopes as Theranostic Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228009. [PMID: 36432107 PMCID: PMC9694974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds provide precursors with various pharmacological activities and play an important role in discovering new chemical entities, including radiopharmaceuticals. In the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, iodine radioisotopes are widely used and interact with complex compounds including natural products. However, the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds with iodine radioisotopes has not been widely explored. This review summarizes the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds using iodine radioisotopes in the last 10 years, as well as discusses the challenges and strategies to improve future discovery of radiopharmaceuticals from natural resources. Literature research was conducted via PubMed, from which 32 research articles related to the development of natural compounds labeled with iodine radioisotopes were reported. From the literature, the challenges in developing radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds were the purity and biodistribution. Despite the challenges, the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds is a golden opportunity for nuclear medicine advancement.
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Padhy I, Paul P, Sharma T, Banerjee S, Mondal A. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Eugenol in Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancement. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1795. [PMID: 36362950 PMCID: PMC9699592 DOI: 10.3390/life12111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is, at present, among the leading causes of morbidity globally. Despite advances in treatment regimens for cancer, patients suffer from poor prognoses. In this context, the availability of vast natural resources seems to alleviate the shortcomings of cancer chemotherapy. The last decade has seen a breakthrough in the investigations related to the anticancer potential of dietary phytoconstituents. Interestingly, a handsome number of bioactive principles, ranging from phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and terpenoids to organosulphur compounds have been screened for their anticancer properties. Among the phenylpropanoids currently under clinical studies for anticancer activity, eugenol is a promising candidate. Eugenol is effective against cancers like breast, cervical, lung, prostate, melanomas, leukemias, osteosarcomas, gliomas, etc., as evident from preclinical investigations. OBJECTIVE The review aims to focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms of eugenol for cancer prevention and therapy. METHODS Based on predetermined criteria, various scholarly repositories, including PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct were analyzed for anticancer activities of eugenol. RESULTS Different biochemical investigations reveal eugenol inducing cytotoxicity, inhibiting phases of the cell cycles, programmed cell death, and auto-phagocytosis in studied cancer lines; thus, portraying eugenol as a promising anticancer molecule. A survey of current literature has unveiled the molecular mechanisms intervened by eugenol in exercising its anticancer role. CONCLUSION Based on the critical analysis of the literature, eugenol exhibits vivid signaling pathways to combat cancers of different origins. The reports also depict the advancement of novel nano-drug delivery approaches upgrading the therapeutic profile of eugenol. Therefore, eugenol nanoformulations may have enormous potential for both the treatment and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsa Padhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713301, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M. R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743234, West Bengal, India
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Talib WH, AlHur MJ, Al.Naimat S, Ahmad RE, Al-Yasari AH, Al-Dalaeen A, Thiab S, Mahmod AI. Anticancer Effect of Spices Used in Mediterranean Diet: Preventive and Therapeutic Potentials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:905658. [PMID: 35774546 PMCID: PMC9237507 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.905658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with almost 10 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020, so any investigation to prevent or cure this disease is very important. Spices have been studied widely in several countries to treat different diseases. However, studies that summarize the potential anticancer effect of spices used in Mediterranean diet are very limited. This review highlighted chemo-therapeutic and chemo-preventive effect of ginger, pepper, rosemary, turmeric, black cumin and clove. Moreover, the mechanisms of action for each one of them were figured out such as anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant, altering signaling pathways, induction of cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, for several types of cancer. The most widely used spice in Mediterranean diet is black pepper (Piper nigrum L). Ginger and black cumin have the highest anticancer activity by targeting multiple cancer hallmarks. Apoptosis induction is the most common pathway activated by different spices in Mediterranean diet to inhibit cancer. Studies discussed in this review may help researchers to design and test new anticancer diets enriched with selected spices that have high activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Wamidh H. Talib
| | - Mallak J. AlHur
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sumaiah Al.Naimat
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rawand E. Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Anfal Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samar Thiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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11
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Duan Y, Huang X, Qiao B, Ma R, Li J. Eugenol inhibits the biological activities of an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC9 via targeting MIF. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2799-2806. [PMID: 35331101 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220324105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a rampant cancer type in head and neck cancers with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Eugenol shows anticancer effect in a variety of cancers, but it has been rarely studied in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OBJECTIVE Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the role of Eugenol in OSCC and the underlying mechanism. METHODS After different concentrations of Eugenol (0, 200, 400 and 800 μM) treatment, the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cell line SCC9 was measured by CCK-8, colony formation, wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. TUNEL staining was employed to detect the apoptosis. Western blotting was used to evaluate gene expression at protein level. Molecular docking was used to identify the target of Eugenol. RESULTS Eugenol decreased the proliferation, reduced the abilities of invasion and migration along with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and MMP9 in SCC9 cells. On the contrary, the ratio of apoptotic cells was increased by Eugenol. In addition, Eugenol down-regulated B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression, but up-regulated BCL-2 associated X (Bax), cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) expression. Meanwhile, Eugenol exerted its effect on SCC9 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Eugenol could bind to macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), the expression of which was down-regulated after Eugenol treatment. Besides, overexpression of MIF reversed all the effects of Eugenol on OSCC cells. CONCLUSION In summary, Eugenol suppressed the malignant processes of OSCC cells by targeting MIF, which could guide the clinical application of Eugenol in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Duan
- Department of Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaojin Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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12
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Batth IS, Huang SB, Villarreal M, Gong J, Chakravarthy D, Keppler B, Jayamohan S, Osmulski P, Xie J, Rivas P, Bedolla R, Liss MA, Yeh IT, Reddick R, Miyamoto H, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. Evidence for 2-Methoxyestradiol-Mediated Inhibition of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase RON in the Management of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041852. [PMID: 33673346 PMCID: PMC7918140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) possesses anti-tumorigenic activities in multiple tumor models with acceptable tolerability profile in humans. Incomplete understanding of the mechanism has hindered its development as an anti-tumorigenic compound. We have identified for the first-time macrophage stimulatory protein 1 receptor (MST1R) as a potential target of 2-ME2 in prostate cancer cells. Human tissue validation studies show that MST1R (a.k.a RON) protein levels are significantly elevated in prostate cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal/benign glands. Serum levels of macrophage stimulatory protein (MSP), a ligand for RON, is not only associated with the risk of disease recurrence, but also significantly elevated in samples from African American patients. 2-ME2 treatment inhibited mechanical properties such as adhesion and elasticity that are associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition by downregulating mRNA expression and protein levels of MST1R in prostate cancer cell lines. Intervention with 2-ME2 significantly reduced tumor burden in mice. Notably, global metabolomic profiling studies identified significantly higher circulating levels of bile acids in castrated animals that were decreased with 2-ME2 intervention. In summary, findings presented in this manuscript identified MSP as a potential marker for predicting biochemical recurrence and suggest repurposing 2-ME2 to target RON signaling may be a potential therapeutic modality for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Singh Batth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Shih-Bo Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Michelle Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Jingjing Gong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Divya Chakravarthy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Brian Keppler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Sridharan Jayamohan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Pawel Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Paul Rivas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Roble Bedolla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Michael A. Liss
- Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.L.); (R.G.)
- Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - I-Tien Yeh
- Pathology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.-T.Y.); (R.R.)
| | - Robert Reddick
- Pathology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.-T.Y.); (R.R.)
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.L.); (R.G.)
- Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Addanki P. Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
- Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.L.); (R.G.)
- Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zhu W, Wang Z, Sun Y, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Syringa: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113465. [PMID: 33049343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Genus Syringa, which belongs to Oleaceae family, contains 21 accepted species mainly distributed in Southeast Europe, Japan, China, Himalayas, etc. The various parts of Syringa species have been used as traditional Chinese herbal medicines for treatment of cough, myocardial ischemia, acute icteric hepatitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, bronchitis and other ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY A more comprehensive and in-depth review about the phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional medicinal uses and clinical applications as well as toxicology of Syringa have summarized and hope to provide a relatively novel angle for further clinical applicantion on genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literatures about Syringa were collected via a series of scientific search engines including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder and CNKI. RESULTS The phytochemical studies revealed that about 302 compounds include phenylpropanoids, iridoids, phenylethanols, flavonoids, triterpenes and other minor compounds have been isolated and identified from Syringa species. Phenylpropanoids and iridoids are the main constituents among these compounds and may be responsible for the activities directly or indirectly. As traditional medicine, Syringa applied to treat cough, diarrhea, acute icteric hepatitis, vomit, abdominal pain, bronchitis and other ailments. Most of traditional uses are related the biological activities and confirmed by modern studies. Pharmacological researches in vitro and in vivo revealed that the extracts and pure compounds possessed significantly hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory and other activities. CONCLUSIONS The phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional uses and clinical applications described in this article demonstrated that Syringa species possessed a huge number of activities and these findings will promote the further action mechanisms studies. However, fewer preclinical and clinical studies are focued on the pharmacokinetics of crudes extracts and conpounds from Syringa. The explored of new agents with Syringa species as ingredients may be limited. It points to the further in-depth investigations on pharmacokinetics as well as toxicological are essential in future for assessment the effectiveness and safety of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 232 Outer Ring Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 232 Outer Ring Road, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Huang L, Yang C, Wang Y, Li G, Pan J, Luo H, Wu Z, Tian Y, Chen S, Chen J, Jian Z. Anterior gradient 2 is a novel pro-tumor factor in pancreatic cancer under NF-κB subunit RelA trans-regulation that can be suppressed by eugenic acid. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110830. [PMID: 33059262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine eugenic acid (EA) as an alternative therapeutic approach against pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model was employed to determine the impacts of treatment with EA on the growth of tumors. Expressions of NF-κB subunit RelA as well as Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) were quantified in pancreatic cells treated with EA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase report assay were performed to examine the regulation of AGR2 by RelA. The function of AGR2 as a downstream effector EA treatment was further assessed through overexpression of AGR2 in pancreatic cells. EA suppressed the growth of xenograft pancreatic tumor, and promoted the overall survival of animals with xenograft tumors. Furthermore, EA downregulated the expression of AGR2 in pancreatic cancer cells via the RelA binding site. Ectopic AGR2 overexpression attenuated the EA-elicited inhibition on the growth of xenograft pancreatic tumor, and negated the EA-induced enhancement of mouse survival. EA ameliorates pancreatic cancer through suppression of AGR2 expression, and future studies in clinical settings are needed to further assess the anti-cancer efficacy of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Huatian Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Zhangwei Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Yifeng Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, NO.134, East Street, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China
| | - Jiangzhi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian, China.
| | - Zhixiang Jian
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong, China.
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Dhakad AK, Ikram M, Sharma S, Khan S, Pandey VV, Singh A. Biological, nutritional, and therapeutic significance of Moringa oleifera Lam. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2870-2903. [PMID: 31453658 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Moringa Adans. comprises 13 species, of which Moringa oleifera Lam. native to India and cultivated across the world owing to its drought and frost resistance habit is widely used in traditional phytomedicine and as rich source of essential nutrients. Wide spectrum of phytochemical ingredients among leaf, flower, fruit, seed, seed oil, bark, and root depend on cultivar, season, and locality. The scientific studies provide insights on the use of M. oleifera with different aqueous, hydroalcoholic, alcoholic, and other organic solvent preparations of different parts for therapeutic activities, that is, antibiocidal, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, hepato-protective, neuro-protective, tissue-protective, and other biological activities with a high degree of safety. A wide variety of alkaloid and sterol, polyphenols and phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavanoids and flavanol glycosides, glucosinolate and isothiocyanate, terpene, anthocyanins etc. are believed to be responsible for the pragmatic effects. Seeds are used with a view of low-cost biosorbent and coagulant agent for the removal of metals and microbial contamination from waste water. Thus, the present review explores the use of M. oleifera across disciplines for its prominent bioactive ingredients, nutraceutical, therapeutic uses and deals with agricultural, veterinarian, biosorbent, coagulation, biodiesel, and other industrial properties of this "Miracle Tree."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Dhakad
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mohsin Ikram
- Forest Entomology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Forest Entomology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Vijay V Pandey
- Forest Pathology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Avtar Singh
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Anti-cancer effects of cinnamon: Insights into its apoptosis effects. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:131-140. [PMID: 31195168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is known as a leading cause of death worldwide. In the last two decades, the incidence of cancer has been dramatically increased mostly due to lifestyle changes. The importance of this issue has attracted further attention to discover novel therapies to prevent and treat cancers. According to previous studies, drugs used to treat cancer have shown significant limitations. Therefore, the role of herbal medicines alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs has been extensively studied in cancer treatment. Cinnamon is a natural component showing a wide range of pharmacological functions including anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. Impaired apoptosis plays critical roles in the initiation and progression of cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that cinnamon, as a therapeutic agent, has anti-cancer effects via affecting numerous apoptosis-related pathways in cancer cells. Here, we highlighted anticancer properties of cinnamon, particularly through targeting apoptosis-related mechanisms.
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Phenylpropanoid-based sulfonamide promotes cyclin D1 and cyclin E down-regulation and induces cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition in estrogen positive MCF-7 cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:150-160. [PMID: 31022444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most critical problems of public health in the world and one of the main challenges for medicine. Different biological effects have been reported for sulfonamide-based compounds including antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Herein, a series of phenylpropanoid-based sulfonamides (4a, 4a', 4b, 4b', 5a, 5a', 5b and 5b') were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against four cell lines derived from human tumours (A549 - lung, MCF-7 - breast, Hep G2 - hepatocellular carcinoma, and HT-144-melanoma). Cell viability was significantly reduced in the MCF-7 cell line when compounds 4b, 4b' and 5a were used; IC50 values were lower than those found for their precursors (eugenol and dihydroeugenol) and sulfanilamide. We observed that 4b induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition. This is probably due to its ability to reduce cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression. Moreover, 4b also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells as demonstrated by an increase in the cell population positive for annexin V in treated cultures in comparison to the control group. Taken together, the data showed that 4b is a promising antitumor agent and it should be considered for further in vivo studies.
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Cui Z, Liu Z, Zeng J, Chen L, Wu Q, Mo J, Zhang G, Song L, Xu W, Zhang S, Guo X. Eugenol inhibits non‐small cell lung cancer by repressing expression of NF‐κB‐regulated TRIM59. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1562-1569. [PMID: 30932261 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Cui
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Junxiang Zeng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of PathologyXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Respiratory Medicine DepartmentKongJiang Hospital, YangPu District Shanghai China
| | - Jiahang Mo
- Clinical Medical DepartmentZheJiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Abdullah ML, Hafez MM, Al-Hoshani A, Al-Shabanah O. Anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative activity of eugenol against triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancer cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:321. [PMID: 30518369 PMCID: PMC6282398 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Eugenol is a natural phenolic compound and possesses anticancer and antibacterial activities. Breast cancer is a major global health problem, and most of the chemotherapeutic agents are highly toxic with long-term side effects. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possibility of using eugenol as an anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative agent against MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Methods Breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 were treated with eugenol and cell proliferation was measured using a real-time cell electronic sensing system. Annexin V analysis with flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of eugenol on cell death. In MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells, metastatic potential after eugenol treatment was examined using a wound-healing assay. Real-time PCR was used to study the effect of eugenol on the expression of anti-metastatic genes such as MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP-1, and genes involved in apoptosis including Caspase3, Caspase7, and Caspase9. Results Treatment with 4 μM and 8 μM eugenol for 48 h significantly inhibited cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231, with an inhibition rate of 76.4%, whereas 5 μM and 10 μM of eugenol for 48 h significantly inhibited the proliferation of SK-BR-3 cells with an inhibition rate of 68.1%. Eugenol-treated cells showed significantly decreased MMP2 and MMP9 expression and an insignificant increase in TIMP1 expression in HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancer cells. Eugenol significantly increased the proportion of MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells in late apoptosis and increased the expression of Caspase3, Caspase7, and Caspase9. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the anti-metastatic effect of eugenol against MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines.
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Orafaie A, Matin MM, Sadeghian H. The importance of 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:397-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Cinnamon in Anticancer Armamentarium: A Molecular Approach. J Toxicol 2018; 2018:8978731. [PMID: 29796019 PMCID: PMC5896244 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8978731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, natural bioactive components draw a major attention for their potent anticarcinogenic activity. Cinnamon, one of the traditional spices, most frequently used in almost every household of tropical countries has got enormous efficacy to combat cancer. Cinnamon as a whole and/or its active components exhibited significant antineoplastic activity in different types of cancer. This review has been carried out to elicit the molecular mechanisms of action of cinnamon and its components on oncogenic regulators and related pathways. Web sites of Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed were searched for articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals from 2003 to 2017. The anticarcinogenic potential of cinnamon varies with the type of cancer and also depends on the administered active compound individually or in combination with some chemicals or even extract of cinnamon as a whole. Some of its active components exert chemosensitization of well-known anticancer drugs. These outstanding properties of this spice necessitate its incorporation in both pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals to explore possibilities of formulation of novel drug from this spice for treatment and prevention strategy of cancer.
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Bezerra DP, Militão GCG, de Morais MC, de Sousa DP. The Dual Antioxidant/Prooxidant Effect of Eugenol and Its Action in Cancer Development and Treatment. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121367. [PMID: 29258206 PMCID: PMC5748817 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during metabolism is a normal process usually compensated for by the antioxidant defense system of an organism. However, ROS can cause oxidative damage and have been proposed to be the main cause of age-related clinical complications and diseases such as cancer. In recent decades, the relationship between diet and cancer has been more studied, especially with foods containing antioxidant compounds. Eugenol is a natural compound widely found in many aromatic plant species, spices and foods and is used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Eugenol has a dual effect on oxidative stress, which can action as an antioxidant or prooxidant agent. In addition, it has anti-carcinogenic, cytotoxic and antitumor properties. Considering the importance of eugenol in the area of food and human health, in this review, we discuss the role of eugenol on redox status and its potential use in the treatment and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pereira Bezerra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | - Mayara Castro de Morais
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Yan X, Zhang G, Bie F, Lv Y, Ma Y, Ma M, Wang Y, Hao X, Yuan N, Jiang X. Eugenol inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation via downregulation of c-Myc/PGC-1β/ERRα signaling pathway in MCF10A-ras cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12920. [PMID: 29018241 PMCID: PMC5634997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in cellular energy metabolism plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. Targeting metabolic pathways for cancer treatment has been investigated as potential preventive or therapeutic methods. Eugenol (Eu), a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil mainly obtained from Syzygium, has been reported as a potential chemopreventive drug. However, the mechanism by which Eu regulates cellular energy metabolism is still not well defined. This study was designed to determine the effect of Eu on cellular energy metabolism during early cancer progression employing untransformed and H-ras oncogene transfected MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. Eu showed dose-dependent selective cytotoxicity toward MCF10A-ras cells but exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity in MCF10A cells. Treatment with Eu also significantly reduced intracellular ATP levels in MCF10A-ras cells but not in MCF10A cells. This effect was mediated mainly through inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexs and the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins including PPARα, MCAD and CPT1C by downregulating c-Myc/PGC-1β/ERRα pathway and decreasing oxidative stress in MCF10A-ras cells. These results indicate a novel mechanism involving the regulation of cellular energy metabolism by which Eu may prevent breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijuan Zhang
- The School Outpatient Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjie Bie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Lv
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Bio-engineering institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yurong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naijun Yuan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Abd-Rabou AA, Abdalla AM, Ali NA, Zoheir KMA. Moringa oleifera Root Induces Cancer Apoptosis more Effectively than Leave Nanocomposites and Its Free Counterpart. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2141-2149. [PMID: 28843248 PMCID: PMC5697473 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are important elements of indigenous medical system that have persisted in developing countries. Many of the botanical chemo-preventions currently used as potent anticancer agents. However, some important anticancer agents are still extracted from plants because they cannot be synthesized chemically on a commercial scale due to their complex structures that often contain several chiral centers. The aim of this study was to test different extracts from the Moringa oleifera leaves (ML), its PLGA-CS-PEG nanocomposites (MLn), as well as root core (Rc) and outer (Ro) parts for activity against hepatocarcinoma HepG2, breast MCF7, and colorectal HCT 116/ Caco-2 cells in vitro. Nano-composites were prepared and characterized. Then, the nanocomposites and the free counterparts were screened on different propagated cancer cell lines. The underlying cytotoxic impact was followed using apoptosis measurements. All extracts kill the different cancer cells with different ratios, but intriguingly, the root core extract could kill the majority of cancer cells (approximately 70-80%), while sparing normal BHK-21 cells with minimal inhibitory effect (approximately 30-40%). Apoptotic cell increment came to confirm the cytotoxic effects of these extracts on HCT 116 cells (Rc: 212% and Ro: 180%, respectively) and HepG2 cells (ML: 567.5% and MLn: 608%, respectively) compared to control (100%) mechanistically wise. Moringa oleifera nanocomposites may have potential for use as a natural source of anti-cancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
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Pharmacodynamics and Medicinal Chemistry of an External Chinese Herbal Formula for Mammary Precancerous Lesions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6235027. [PMID: 28811827 PMCID: PMC5546057 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6235027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruyan Neixiao Cream (RYNXC) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula for treating mammary precancerous disease. This study was carried out to investigate in vivo anticancer effect of RYNXC and multiple constituents. 32 virginal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control group (BC), mammary precancer models group (MODEL), tamoxifen group (TAM), and Ruyan Neixiao Cream group (RYNXC). TAM was intervened by tamoxifen; RYNXC was intervened by Ruyan Neixiao Cream. The chromatographic separation was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). RYNXC showed significant improvement in erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), hematocrit (HCT), fibrinogen (FIB), spleen coefficient, and uterus coefficient compared with MODEL. In RYNXC and TAM groups, atypical hyperplasia was observed in pathological mammary tissues; meanwhile in MODEL group, ductal carcinoma was observed in situ. Moreover, fifteen compounds were characterized according to HPLC-MS data, including organic acids, tannin, alkaloid, volatile oil, anthraquinones, and flavonoids. The study suggests that RYNXC was an effective Chinese herbal formula for mammary precancerous lesions and provides a scientific basis for the quality standard and the pharmacology of RYNXC. It will be beneficial to the future clinical application of RYNXC.
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Dervis E, Yurt Kilcar A, Medine EI, Tekin V, Cetkin B, Uygur E, Muftuler FZB. In Vitro Incorporation of Radioiodinated Eugenol on Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines (Caco2, MCF7, and PC3). Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:75-81. [PMID: 28358602 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the synthesis of radiolabeled plant origin compounds has been increased due to their high uptake on some cancer cell lines. Eugenol (EUG), a phenolic natural compound in the essential oils of different spices such as Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Pimenta racemosa (bay leaves), and Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon leaf), has been exploited for various medicinal applications. EUG has antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory functions and several anticancer properties. The objective of this article is to synthesize radioiodinated (131I) EUG and investigate its effect on Caco2, MCF7, and PC3 adenocarcinoma cell lines. It is observed that radioiodinated EUG would have potential on therapy and imaging due to its notable uptakes in studied cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Dervis
- 1 Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey .,2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Yurt Kilcar
- 1 Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emin Ilker Medine
- 1 Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Tekin
- 1 Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Buse Cetkin
- 1 Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey .,2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Uygur
- 1 Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Science, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
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Ding Y, Gu Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Chen H, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Clove extract functions as a natural fatty acid synthesis inhibitor and prevents obesity in a mouse model. Food Funct 2017; 8:2847-2856. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous medicinal plants have been reported to prevent various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yihe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Shunhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
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Júnior PLDS, Câmara DAD, Costa AS, Ruiz JLM, Levy D, Azevedo RA, Pasqualoto KFM, de Oliveira CF, de Melo TC, Pessoa NDS, Fonseca PMM, Pereira A, Araldi RP, Ferreira AK. Apoptotic effect of eugenol envolves G2/M phase abrogation accompanied by mitochondrial damage and clastogenic effect on cancer cell in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:725-35. [PMID: 27235711 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eugenol (EUG) is a major phenolic compound present in clove whose anti-cancer properties have been demonstrated previously. These anti-cancer properties may involves the modulation of different mechanisms, including α-estrogen receptor (αER) in luminal breast cancer cells, COX-2 inhibition in melanoma cells or p53 and caspase-3 activation in colon cancer cells. HYPOTHESIS EUG promotes a burst in ROS production causing cell-cycle perturbations, mitochondria toxicity and clastogenesis triggering apoptosis in melanoma breast- and cervix-cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Morphological changes were evaluated through the light- and electronic- microscopy. Cell-cycle, ROS, PCNA and Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and clastogenicity was evaluated by Comet-assay. RESULTS The results obtained herein pointed out that EUG promotes, increasing ROS production leading to abrogation of G2/M of phase of cell-cycle, and consecutively, clastogenesis in vitro. In addition, EUG induces Proliferation Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) downregulation and decreasing in mitochondria potential (ΔΨm). Of note, a Bax up-regulation was also observed on cells treated with EUG. All of these findings cooperate in order to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. CONCLUSION These promising results presented herein shed new light on the mechanisms of action of EUG suggesting a possible applicability of this phenylpropanoid as adjuvant in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Aparecida Dias Câmara
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, ; Morphology and Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Luis Maria Ruiz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Levy
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Azevedo
- Departament of Immunology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nara Diniz Soares Pessoa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE)
| | - Pâmela Maria Moreira Fonseca
- Camilo Castelo Branco University, Department of Biomedical Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering Center, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adilson Kleber Ferreira
- Departament of Immunology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Moringa oleifera as an Anti-Cancer Agent against Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135814. [PMID: 26288313 PMCID: PMC4545797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the anti-cancer effect of Moringa oleifera leaves, bark and seed extracts. When tested against MDA-MB-231 and HCT-8 cancer cell lines, the extracts of leaves and bark showed remarkable anti-cancer properties while surprisingly, seed extracts exhibited hardly any such properties. Cell survival was significantly low in both cells lines when treated with leaves and bark extracts. Furthermore, a striking reduction (about 70–90%) in colony formation as well as cell motility was observed upon treatment with leaves and bark. Additionally, apoptosis assay performed on these treated breast and colorectal cancer lines showed a remarkable increase in the number of apoptotic cells; with a 7 fold increase in MD-MB-231 to an increase of several fold in colorectal cancer cell lines. However, no significant apoptotic cells were detected upon seeds extract treatment. Moreover, the cell cycle distribution showed a G2/M enrichment (about 2–3 fold) indicating that these extracts effectively arrest the cell progression at the G2/M phase. The GC-MS analyses of these extracts revealed numerous known anti-cancer compounds, namely eugenol, isopropyl isothiocynate, D-allose, and hexadeconoic acid ethyl ester, all of which possess long chain hydrocarbons, sugar moiety and an aromatic ring. This suggests that the anti-cancer properties of Moringa oleifera could be attributed to the bioactive compounds present in the extracts from this plant. This is a novel study because no report has yet been cited on the effectiveness of Moringa extracts obtained in the locally grown environment as an anti-cancer agent against breast and colorectal cancers. Our study is the first of its kind to evaluate the anti-malignant properties of Moringa not only in leaves but also in bark. These findings suggest that both the leaf and bark extracts of Moringa collected from the Saudi Arabian region possess anti-cancer activity that can be used to develop new drugs for treatment of breast and colorectal cancers.
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Yang F, Song L, Wang H, Wang J, Xu Z, Xing N. Combination of Quercetin and 2-Methoxyestradiol Enhances Inhibition of Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP and PC-3 Cells Xenograft Tumor Growth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128277. [PMID: 26011145 PMCID: PMC4444352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) are promising anti-cancer substances. Our previous in vitro study showed that quercetin synergized with 2-Methoxyestradiol exhibiting increased antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in both androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. In the present study, we determined whether their combination could inhibit LNCaP and PC-3 xenograft tumor growth in vivo and explored the underlying mechanism. Human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in male BALB/c nude mice. When xenograft tumors reached about 100 mm3, mice were randomly allocated to vehicle control, quercetin or 2-Methoxyestradiol singly treated and combination treatment groups. After therapeutic intervention for 4 weeks, combination treatment of quercetin and 2-ME i) significantly inhibited prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth by 46.8% for LNCaP and 51.3% for PC-3 as compared to vehicle control group, more effective than quercetin (28.4% for LNCaP, 24.8% for PC3) or 2-ME (32.1% for LNCaP, 28.9% for PC3) alone; ii) was well tolerated by BALB/c mice and no obvious toxic reactions were observed; iii) led to higher Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression and apoptosis rate; and iv) resulted in lower phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) protein level, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA expression, microvascular density and proliferation rate than single drug treatment. These effects were more remarkable compared to vehicle group. Therefore, combination of quercetin and 2-ME can serve as a novel clinical treatment regimen owning the potential of enhancing antitumor effect on prostate cancer in vivo and lessening the dose and side effects of either quercetin or 2-ME alone. These in vivo results will lay a further solid basis for subsequent researches on this novel therapeutic regimen in human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liming Song
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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31
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Antitumor phenylpropanoids found in essential oils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:392674. [PMID: 25949996 PMCID: PMC4408748 DOI: 10.1155/2015/392674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The search for new bioactive substances with anticancer activity and the understanding of their mechanisms of action are high-priorities in the research effort toward more effective treatments for cancer. The phenylpropanoids are natural products found in many aromatic and medicinal plants, food, and essential oils. They exhibit various pharmacological activities and have applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the anticancer potential of 17 phenylpropanoids and derivatives from essential oils is discussed. Chemical structures, experimental report, and mechanisms of action of bioactive substances are presented.
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32
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Pathak V, Ahmad I, Kahlon AK, Hasanain M, Sharma S, Srivastava KK, Sarkar J, Shankar K, Sharma A, Gupta A. Syntheses of 2-methoxyestradiol and eugenol template based diarylpropenes as non-steroidal anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wang G, Song L, Wang H, Xing N. Quercetin synergizes with 2-methoxyestradiol inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:357-63. [PMID: 23673431 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective treatment options for castration-resistant prostate cancer reinforces the great need to develop novel drug therapies. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that can induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is an endogenous estrogenic metabolite that also has antineoplastic activity. However, these two agents have limited bioavailability. Herein, we explored the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of quercetin combined with 2-ME in both androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Compared to quercetin and 2-ME alone, combining quercetin with 2-ME at appropriate concentrations i) showed synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities; ii) increased G2/M phase population of cells; iii) decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax significantly. The combination of quercetin and 2-ME is a new clinically relevant treatment regimen which has the potential of enhancing the antitumor effect on prostate cancer and lessening the side effect of either quercetin or 2-ME alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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34
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Biology and Clinical Relevance of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Kamatou GP, Vermaak I, Viljoen AM. Eugenol--from the remote Maluku Islands to the international market place: a review of a remarkable and versatile molecule. Molecules 2012; 17:6953-81. [PMID: 22728369 PMCID: PMC6268661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenol is a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil obtained through hydrodistillation of mainly Eugenia caryophyllata (=Syzygium aromaticum) buds and leaves. It is a remarkably versatile molecule incorporated as a functional ingredient in numerous products and has found application in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, fragrance, flavour, cosmetic and various other industries. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well-researched and includes antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant and anticancer activities, amongst others. In addition, it is widely used in agricultural applications to protect foods from micro-organisms during storage, which might have an effect on human health, and as a pesticide and fumigant. As a functional ingredient, it is included in many dental preparations and it has also been shown to enhance skin permeation of various drugs. Eugenol is considered safe as a food additive but due to the wide range of different applications, extensive use and availability of clove oil, it is pertinent to discuss the general toxicity with special reference to contact dermatitis. This review summarises the pharmacological, agricultural and other applications of eugenol with specific emphasis on mechanism of action as well as toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +27-12-382-6360; Fax: +27-12-382-6243
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Jaganathan SK, Supriyanto E. Antiproliferative and molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Molecules 2012; 17:6290-304. [PMID: 22634840 PMCID: PMC6268974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic phytochemicals are a broad class of nutraceuticals found in plants which have been extensively researched by scientists for their health-promoting potential. One such a compound which has been comprehensively used is eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), which is the active component of Syzigium aromaticum (cloves). Aromatic plants like nutmeg, basil, cinnamon and bay leaves also contain eugenol. Eugenol has a wide range of applications like perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic. Increasing volumes of literature showed eugenol possesses antioxidant, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in melanoma, skin tumors, osteosarcoma, leukemia, gastric and mast cells has been well documented. This review article will highlight the antiproliferative activity and molecular mechanism of the eugenol induced apoptosis against the cancer cells and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, PSNA college of Engineering and Technology, Kothandaraman Nagar, Dindigul 624622, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- Department of Clinical science and Engineering, University Technology Malaysia, Johor bahru 81310, Malaysia;
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Ho SM, Lee MT, Lam HM, Leung YK. Estrogens and prostate cancer: etiology, mediators, prevention, and management. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2011; 40:591-614, ix. [PMID: 21889723 PMCID: PMC3167093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mainstay targets for hormonal prostate cancer (PCa) therapies are based on negating androgen action. Recent epidemiologic and experimental data have pinpointed the key roles of estrogens in PCa development and progression. Racial and geographic differences, as well as age-associated changes, in estrogen synthesis and metabolism contribute significantly to the etiology. This article summarizes how different estrogens/antiestrogens/estrogen mimics contribute to prostate carcinogenesis, the roles of the different mediators of estrogen in the process, and the potentials of new estrogenic/antiestrogenic compounds for prevention and treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Genetics, and the Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ming-tsung Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Telephone 513-558-0595, Fax 513-558-0071,
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Telephone 513-558-0595, Fax 513-558-0071,
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Genetics, and The Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Telephone 513-558-5181, Fax 513-558-0071,
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Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity. Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:293-312. [PMID: 20418721 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328339f31e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Manikandan P, Murugan RS, Priyadarsini RV, Vinothini G, Nagini S. Eugenol induces apoptosis and inhibits invasion and angiogenesis in a rat model of gastric carcinogenesis induced by MNNG. Life Sci 2010; 86:936-41. [PMID: 20434464 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Combining apoptosis induction with anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic treatment is gaining increasing attention as a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. In the present study, eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) was evaluated for its chemopreventive effects on N-methyl-N(')-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats by analyzing markers of apoptosis, invasion and angiogenesis. MAIN METHODS The expressions of markers of apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, Apaf-1, cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase; PARP), invasion (matrix metalloproteinase-2; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9; MMP-9, reversion-inducing cysteine rich protein with Kazal motifs; RECK and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2; TIMP-2) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF and VEGF receptor1; VEGFR1) in stomach tissue of experimental and control animals were measured by gelatin zymogram, immunohistochemical, Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. KEY FINDINGS Rats administered MNNG developed gastric carcinomas that displayed apoptosis avoidance coupled to upregulation of pro-invasive and angiogenic factors. Administration of eugenol induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway by modulating the Bcl-2 family proteins, Apaf-1, cytochrome C, and caspases and inhibiting invasion, and angiogenesis as evidenced by changes in the activities of MMPs and the expression of MMP-2 and -9, VEGF, VEGFR1, TIMP-2 and RECK. SIGNIFICANCE Phytochemicals such as eugenol that are capable of manipulating the equilibrium between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins as well as the delicate balance between stimulators and inhibitors of invasion and angiogenesis are attractive candidates for preventing tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palrasu Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ogawa Y, Akamatsu M, Hotta Y, Hosoda A, Tamura H. Effect of essential oils, such as raspberry ketone and its derivatives, on antiandrogenic activity based on in vitro reporter gene assay. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2111-4. [PMID: 20226658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of essential oils, such as raspberry ketone, on androgen (AR) receptor was investigated using a MDA-kb2 human breast cancer cell line for predicting potential AR activity. Among them, eugenol had the highest AR antagonistic activity with its IC(50) value of 19 microM. Raspberry ketone, which has threefold higher anti-obese activity than that of capsaicin, also had AR antagonist activity with its IC(50) value of 252 microM. Based on these findings, a more precise CoMFA model was proposed as follows: pIC(50) [log (1/IC(50))]=3.77+[CoMFA field terms] (n=39, s=0.249, r(2)=0.834, s(cv)=0.507, q(2)=0.311 (three components).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Ogawa
- Department of Environmental Bioscience, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
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