1
|
Chen X, Zhou H, Lv J. The Importance of Hypoxia-Related to Hemoglobin Concentration in Breast Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01386-7. [PMID: 38955926 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The importance of hemoglobin (Hgb) as a novel prognostic biomarker in predicting clinical features of cancers has been the subject of intense interest. Anemia is common in various types of cancer including breast cancer (BC) and is considered to be attributed to tumoral hypoxia. Cancer microenvironments are hypoxic compared with normal tissues, and this hypoxia is associated with Hgb concentration. Recent preclinical documents propose a direct or indirect correlation of intratumoral hypoxia, specifically along with acidity, with Hgb concentration and anemia. Analysis of the prognostic value of Hgb in BC patients has demonstrated increased hypoxia in the intratumoral environment. A great number of studies demonstrated that lower concentrations of Hgb before or during common cancer treatments, such as radiation and chemotherapy, is an essential risk factor for poor prognostic and survival, as well as low quality of life in BC patients. This data suggests a potential correlation between anemia and hypoxia in BC. While low Hgb levels are detrimental to BC invasion and survival, identification of a distinct and exact threshold for low Hgb concentration is challenging and inaccurate. The optimal thresholds for Hgb and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) vary based on different factors including age, gender, therapeutic approaches, and tumor types. While necessitating further investigations, understanding the correlation of Hgb levels with tumoral hypoxia and oxygenation could improve exploring strategies to overcome radio-chemotherapy related anemia in BC patients. This review highlights the collective association of Hgb concentration and hypoxia condition in BC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, 321300, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, 321300, China
| | - Jiaoli Lv
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, 321300, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruan X, Mueck AO. The WHO claims estrogens are 'carcinogenic': is this true? Climacteric 2023; 26:263-270. [PMID: 37068508 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2196002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are in the list of carcinogenic chemicals from the World Health Organization (WHO). However, estrogens require additional factors such as stromal factors or progestogens to increase the ratio of proliferation/apoptosis for initiation of replication errors and consequent mutations to occur. These mutations require at least 5-10 years to develop into clinically detectable cancer, whereby this review is focused on breast cancer. The US National Cancer Institute highlighted a second mechanism of carcinogenicity: certain estrogen metabolites are capable of inducing DNA damage, even in low concentration. They can be assessed in the tissue and circulation. However, those deleterious reactions require excessive unrestricted oxidative cell stress, for example in industrial areas with heavy pollution. We have shown that this can be avoided using transdermal instead of oral estradiol treatment, especially important in smokers. The spectrum of metabolites is also influenced by other exogenous factors such as nutrition, physical activity and certain diseases. Reduction of breast cancer risk as demonstrated in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was explained by pro-apoptotic estrogen effects working after a certain 'time gap'. In addition, certain estrogen metabolites are carcinoprotective, if no genetic polymorphisms would impair their beneficial activities. Thus, since additional factors are required for both main pathways of carcinogenicity and because estrogens can even have carcinoprotective effects, we cannot agree with the statement from the WHO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Women's Health, Research Centre for Women's Health and University Women's Hospital of Tuebingen, University Hospitals of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A O Mueck
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Women's Health, Research Centre for Women's Health and University Women's Hospital of Tuebingen, University Hospitals of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abou-Fadel J, Jiang X, Grajeda B, Padarti A, Ellis CC, Flores E, Cailing-De La O AMD, Zhang J. CCM signaling complex (CSC) couples both classic and non-classic Progesterone receptor signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:120. [PMID: 35971177 PMCID: PMC9377144 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer, the most diagnosed cancer, remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and excessive Progesterone (PRG) or Mifepristone (MIF) exposure may be at an increased risk for developing breast cancer. PRG exerts its cellular responses through signaling cascades involving classic, non-classic, or combined responses by binding to either classic nuclear PRG receptors (nPRs) or non-classic membrane PRG receptors (mPRs). Currently, the intricate balance and switch mechanisms between these two signaling cascades remain elusive. Three genes, CCM1-3, form the CCM signaling complex (CSC) which mediates multiple signaling cascades. METHODS Utilizing molecular, cellular, Omics, and systems biology approaches, we analyzed the relationship among the CSC, PRG, and nPRs/mPRs during breast cancer tumorigenesis. RESULTS We discovered that the CSC plays an essential role in coupling both classic and non-classic PRG signaling pathways by mediating crosstalk between them, forming the CmPn (CSC-mPRs-PRG-nPRs) signaling network. We found that mPR-specific PRG actions (PRG + MIF) play an essential role in this CmPn network during breast cancer tumorigenesis. Additionally, we have identified 4 categories of candidate biomarkers (9 intrinsic, 2 PRG-inducible, 1 PRG-repressive, 1 mPR-specific PRG-repressive, and 2 mPR-responsive) for Luminal-A breast cancers during tumorigenesis and have confirmed the prognostic application of RPL13 and RPL38 as intrinsic biomarkers using a dual validation method. CONCLUSIONS We have discovered that the CSC plays an essential role in the CmPn signaling network for Luminal-A breast cancers with identification of two intrinsic biomarkers. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Abou-Fadel
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Xiaoting Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Brian Grajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Akhil Padarti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Cameron C Ellis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Esmeralda Flores
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Alyssa-Marie D Cailing-De La O
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruan X, Mueck AO. Optimizing menopausal hormone therapy: for treatment and prevention, menstrual regulation, and reduction of possible risks. GLOBAL HEALTH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
5
|
Zhang L, Ruan X, Gu M, Mueck AO. E2 + norethisterone promotes the PI3K-AKT pathway via PGRMC1 to induce breast cancer cell proliferation. Climacteric 2022; 25:467-475. [PMID: 35137666 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2029837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to find evidence that progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) promotes estradiol (E2) + norethisterone (NET)-induced breast cancer proliferation through activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway. METHODS PGRMC1-mediated breast cancer cellular proliferation and phosphorylation of PGRMC1 were studied using wild-type (hemagglutinin [HA]-tagged) MCF-7 cells, which were stably transfected with expression vector containing HA (MCF-7-HA cells), PGRMC1 (MCF-7-PGRMC1 cells) and Ser181 point mutated PGRMC1 (MCF-7-PGRMC1-S181A cells). Bioinformatics, cell proliferation, western blot, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based RNA sequencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and cell cycle in vitro assays were performed to indicate the function of PGRMC1 and its possible mechanisms in breast cancer. RESULTS NET + E2 elicited a significant proliferation in MCF-7-Vec at 10-6 M and 10-10 M, respectively. MCF-7-PGRMC1 did increase the phosphorylation of AKT or ERK, which can be blocked by treatment with casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor quinalizarin or in MCF-7-PGRMC1-S181A cells. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the PI3K-AKT pathway is upregulated in MCF-7-PGRMC1 cells. Importantly, upregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway mainly through promotion of cell cycle regulation strongly promoted cell proliferation in MCF-7-PGRMC1 cells. CONCLUSIONS CK2 is involved in phosphorylation of PGRMC1 at S181. The mechanism for the action of PGRMC1 for mediating proliferative progestogen effects obviously starts with promotion cell cycle regulation, and then activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital and Research Center for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M Gu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - A O Mueck
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital and Research Center for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Renteria M, Belkin O, Jang D, Aickareth J, Bhalli M, Zhang J. CmPn signaling networks in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1013892. [PMID: 36246881 PMCID: PMC9556883 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1013892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
7
|
Pedroza DA, Ramirez M, Rajamanickam V, Subramani R, Margolis V, Gurbuz T, Estrada A, Lakshmanaswamy R. miRNome and Functional Network Analysis of PGRMC1 Regulated miRNA Target Genes Identify Pathways and Biological Functions Associated With Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710337. [PMID: 34350123 PMCID: PMC8327780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased expression of the progesterone receptor membrane component 1, a heme and progesterone binding protein, is frequently found in triple negative breast cancer tissue. The basis for the expression of PGRMC1 and its regulation on cellular signaling mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, we aim to study microRNAs that target selective genes and mechanisms that are regulated by PGRMC1 in TNBCs. Methods To identify altered miRNAs, whole human miRNome profiling was performed following AG-205 treatment and PGRMC1 silencing. Network analysis identified miRNA target genes while KEGG, REACTOME and Gene ontology were used to explore altered signaling pathways, biological processes, and molecular functions. Results KEGG term pathway analysis revealed that upregulated miRNAs target specific genes that are involved in signaling pathways that play a major role in carcinogenesis. While multiple downregulated miRNAs are known oncogenes and have been previously demonstrated to be overexpressed in a variety of cancers. Overlapping miRNA target genes associated with KEGG term pathways were identified and overexpression/amplification of these genes was observed in invasive breast carcinoma tissue from TCGA. Further, the top two genes (CCND1 and YWHAZ) which are highly genetically altered are also associated with poorer overall survival. Conclusions Thus, our data demonstrates that therapeutic targeting of PGRMC1 in aggressive breast cancers leads to the activation of miRNAs that target overexpressed genes and deactivation of miRNAs that have oncogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pedroza
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Matthew Ramirez
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Venkatesh Rajamanickam
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ramadevi Subramani
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Victoria Margolis
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Tugba Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Adriana Estrada
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pedroza DA, Subramani R, Tiula K, Do A, Rashiraj N, Galvez A, Chatterjee A, Bencomo A, Rivera S, Lakshmanaswamy R. Crosstalk between progesterone receptor membrane component 1 and estrogen receptor α promotes breast cancer cell proliferation. J Transl Med 2021; 101:733-744. [PMID: 33903732 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) have been shown to stimulate and regulate breast cancer proliferation via classical nuclear receptor signaling through progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα), respectively. However, the basis of communication between PR/ERα and membrane receptors remains largely unknown. Here, we aim to identify classical and nonclassical endocrine signaling mechanisms that can alter cell proliferation through a possible crosstalk between PR, ERα, and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), a membrane receptor frequently observed in breast cancer cells. While P4 and E2 treatment increased cell proliferation of ER+/PR+/PGRMC1 overexpressing breast cancer cells, silencing ERα and PR or treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, or (PR-antagonist) RU-486 decreased cell proliferation. All four treatments rapidly altered PGRMC1 mRNA levels and protein expression. Furthermore, P4 and E2 treatments rapidly activated EGFR a known interacting partner of PGRMC1 and its downstream signaling. Interestingly, downregulation of ERα by tamoxifen and ERα silencing decreased the expression levels of PGRMC1 with no repercussions to PR expression. Strikingly PGRMC1 silencing decreased ERα expression irrespective of PR. METABRIC and TCGA datasets further demonstrated that PGRMC1 expression was comparable to that of ERα in Luminal A and B breast cancers. Targeting of PR, ERα, and PGRMC1 confirmed that a crosstalk between classical and nonclassical signaling mechanisms exists in ER+ breast cancer cells that could enhance the growth of ER+/PR+/PGRMC1 overexpressing tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pedroza
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Ramadevi Subramani
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Kira Tiula
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Do
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Navya Rashiraj
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Adriana Galvez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Animesh Chatterjee
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alejandra Bencomo
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Servando Rivera
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Association of circulating Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1 (PGRMC1) with breast tumor characteristics and comparison with known tumor markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:183-193. [PMID: 31876619 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1) expressed in breast cancer tissue has been suggested to predict a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess for the first time if blood concentrations of PGRMC1 are also associated with receptor status, tumor diameter, grading, and lymphatic status. The second aim was comparison with known tumor markers. METHODS A total of 372 women, including 278 patients with invasive breast cancer, 65 with benign breast disease, and 29 healthy women (control), were recruited. PGRMC1 blood concentrations were measured by a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, and were correlated to predictive tumor characteristics and compared with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, and CA153. RESULTS PGRMC1 levels in the cancer group were significantly higher than in the control and benign group and increased with higher cancer stages (P < 0.05). PGRMC1 concentrations in the estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+ group were higher than in the ER-/PR- group, related to larger tumor diameter and the presence of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to control the confounding factors. Tumor diameter, lymphatic metastasis, and ER (but not PR) were positively associated with PGRMC1 (P < 0.05). The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess area under the curve (AUC). AUC was 87.9% for stages III+IV and 80.8% for stages I+II (P < 0.01). ROC did not find significant effects on AUC for CA125, only significant for CEA and CA153 for stages III+IV. CONCLUSION As PGRMC1 levels are positively associated with breast tumor characteristics known to predict a worse diagnosis, PGRMC1 may be valuable as a new tumor marker, and superior to CEA, C125, and CA153. Because of the positive association with ER-expression, PGRMC1 may interact with this receptor.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai G, Ruan X, Gu M, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Mueck AO. PGRMC1 in animal breast cancer tissue and blood is associated with increased tumor growth with norethisterone in contrast to progesterone and dydrogesterone: four-arm randomized placebo-controlled xenograft study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:1024-1027. [PMID: 32208774 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1742689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is mediating strong breast cancer cell proliferation induced by certain synthetic progestogens which we have shown within already published in vitro studies. Aim was now to use an animal model, to compare tumor growth using progesterone and its isomer dydrogesterone with norethisterone, which elicited in our in vitro studies the strongest proliferating effect. For the first time, we wanted to investigate if growth can be correlated both with blood concentrations and tissue expression of PGRMC1 to identify if PGRMC1 could be a new tumor marker. Prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled four-arm study (45-50 days); PGRMC1-transfected or empty-vector T47D- and MCF7-xenotransplants were each treated with estradiol (E2) +placebo; E2 + progesterone; E2 + norethisterone; E2 + dydrogesterone; blood PGRMC1 assessed by a novel ELISA, tissue expression by immunohistochemistry. PGRMC1-transfected tumors further increased with E2 + norethisterone but not with E2-dydrogesterone or E2-progesterone. In both PGRMC1-xenograft groups (T47D, MCF7) with E2/norethisterone, the blood concentrations and tissue expression of PGRMC1 were higher than in all other 14 groups (p < .05), with positive significant correlation between blood PGRMCI concentrations and tissue PGRMC1 expression. In the presence of PGRMC1, certain progestogens could increase the growth of breast tumor, which now also should be tested in clinical studies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dydrogesterone/pharmacology
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/blood
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Norethindrone/pharmacology
- Placebos
- Progesterone/pharmacology
- Random Allocation
- Receptors, Progesterone/blood
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiju Cai
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- University Women's Hospital and Research Centre for Women's Health, Department of Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Muqing Gu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Alfred O Mueck
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- University Women's Hospital and Research Centre for Women's Health, Department of Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Association of circulating Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1 (PGRMC1) with PGRMC1 expression in breast tumour tissue and with clinical breast tumour characteristics. Maturitas 2020; 140:64-71. [PMID: 32972637 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1) in breast cancer tissue has been suggested to predict a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess for the first time whether PGRMC1 expressed in cancer tissue is associated with PGRMC1 blood concentrations and whether both are correlated with clinical tumour characteristics known to predict a worse outcome. METHODS In total, 201 patients with invasive breast cancer and 65 with benign breast disease (control group) were recruited. PGRMC1 blood concentrations were measured by a recently developed ELISA, PGRMC1 in breast cancer tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between the two was calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess area under the curve (AUC). Furthermore, PGRMC1 was correlated with tumour characteristics such as tumour diameter, tumour grade and metastatic status, and with known blood tumour markers. RESULTS AUC for the breast cancer group was 0.713, which was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.01). Blood PGRMC1 concentrations had a strong (positive) correlation with tissue PGRMC1 expression (p < 0.01) but were not associated with serum tumour markers CEA, CA125, CA153 and TPS. Tissue PGRMC1, ER and cancer stage were positively associated with blood PGRMC1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As PGRMC1 expression levels in cancer tissue were significantly correlated with PGRMC1 in blood, and because concentrations in blood were also positively associated with breast tumour characteristics known to predict a worse prognosis, PGRMC1 may be valuable as a new tumour marker and may be superior to known tumour markers such as CEA, CA125, CA153 and TPS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hehenberger E, Eitel M, Fortunato SAV, Miller DJ, Keeling PJ, Cahill MA. Early eukaryotic origins and metazoan elaboration of MAPR family proteins. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 148:106814. [PMID: 32278076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-associated progesterone receptor (MAPR) family consists of heme-binding proteins containing a cytochrome b5 (cytb5) domain characterized by the presence of a MAPR-specific interhelical insert region (MIHIR) between helices 3 and 4 of the canonical cytb5-domain fold. Animals possess three MAPR genes (PGRMC-like, Neuferricin and Neudesin). Here we show that all three animal MAPR genes were already present in the common ancestor of the opisthokonts (comprising animals and fungi as well as related single-celled taxa). All three MAPR genes acquired extensions C-terminal to the cytb5 domain, either before or with the evolution of animals. The archetypical MAPR protein, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), contains phosphorylated tyrosines Y139 and Y180. The combination of Y139/Y180 appeared in the common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians, along with an early embryological organizer and synapsed neurons, and is strongly conserved in all bilaterian animals. A predicted protein interaction motif in the PGRMC1 MIHIR is potentially regulated by Y139 phosphorylation. A multilayered model of animal MAPR function acquisition includes some pre-metazoan functions (e.g., heme binding and cytochrome P450 interactions) and some acquired animal-specific functions that involve regulation of strongly conserved protein interaction motifs acquired by animals (Metazoa). This study provides a conceptual framework for future studies, against which especially PGRMC1's multiple functions can perhaps be stratified and functionally dissected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hehenberger
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael Eitel
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sofia A V Fortunato
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David J Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael A Cahill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ruan X, Gu M, Cai G, Zhao Y, Wang L, Li X, Mueck AO. Progestogens and PGRMC1-dependent breast cancer tumor growth: An in-vitro and xenograft study. Maturitas 2019; 123:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Li X, Ruan X, Gu M, Mueck AO. PGRMC1 can trigger estrogen-dependent proliferation of breast cancer cells: estradiol vs. equilin vs. ethinylestradiol. Climacteric 2019; 22:483-488. [PMID: 30862292 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1582624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have shown that progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) expressed in breast cancer tissue can predict a worse prognosis for breast cancer patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that PGRMC1 can increase the proliferation of progestogens. However, the role of PGRMC1 in terms of estrogen-induced proliferation and comparing different estrogens is still unclear. Methods: Non-transfected and PGRMC1-transfected T-47D cells were stimulated with estradiol (E2), with equilin (EQ), or with ethinylestradiol (EE) at 1, 10, and 100 nmol/l. Increase of proliferation was compared with a control (without estrogens) and with the estrogen-induced stimulation in empty vector cells vs. PGRMC1-transfected cells. Results: The empty vector cells showed significant proliferation (12-15%) with all three estrogens only at the highest concentration, with no relevant differences between the estrogens. PGRMC1-transfected cells showed about three-fold higher proliferation (29-66%), whereby E2 elicited the strongest and EE the lowest proliferating effects, significantly lower compared to E2 and also compared to EQ. No significant differences were seen between E2 and EQ. Conclusions: PGRMC1 increases strongly the estrogen-dependent breast cell proliferation. The proliferating effects of EE may be lower compared to E2 and EQ. This could have importance in comparing hormone therapy and contraception. Thus, PGRMC1 not only could predict the risk using progestogens but also of different estrogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - X Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital and Research Center for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - M Gu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - A O Mueck
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital and Research Center for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fragni M, Fiorentini C, Rossini E, Fisogni S, Vezzoli S, Bonini SA, Dalmiglio C, Grisanti S, Tiberio GAM, Claps M, Cosentini D, Salvi V, Bosisio D, Terzolo M, Missale C, Facchetti F, Memo M, Berruti A, Sigala S. In vitro antitumor activity of progesterone in human adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocrine 2019; 63:592-601. [PMID: 30367443 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is challenging. As mitotane and chemotherapy show limited efficacy, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of progesterone and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its cytotoxic effects in the NCI-H295R cell line and primary cell cultures derived from ACC patients. METHODS Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed in untreated and progesterone-treated ACC cells. The ability of progesterone to affect the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in NCI-H295R cells was investigated by immunofluorescence. Progesterone and mitotane combination experiments were also performed to evaluate their interaction on NCI-H295R cell viability. RESULTS We demonstrated that progesterone exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of ACC cell viability. Apoptosis was the main mechanism, as demonstrated by a significant increase of apoptosis and cleaved-Caspase-3 levels. Reduction of β-catenin nuclear translocation may contribute to the progesterone cytotoxic effect. The progesterone antineoplastic activity was synergically increased when mitotane was added to the cell culture medium. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that progesterone has antineoplastic activity in ACC cells. The synergistic cytotoxic activity of progesterone with mitotane provides the rationale for testing this combination in a clinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fragni
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Fisogni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Vezzoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara A Bonini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Dalmiglio
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guido A M Tiberio
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Melanie Claps
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Section of Oncology and Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Section of Oncology and Experimental Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Turin, Internal Medicine 1, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cristina Missale
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Jacobsen B, Molinolo AA, Lanari C. Biological and clinical impact of imbalanced progesterone receptor isoform ratios in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:ERC-18-0179. [PMID: 29991638 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a consensus that progestins and thus their cognate receptor molecules, the progesterone receptors (PR), are essential in the development of the adult mammary gland and regulators of proliferation and lactation. However, a role for natural progestins in breast carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. A hint to that possible role came from studies in which the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in women under hormone replacement therapy. However, progestins have been also used for breast cancer treatment and to inhibit the growth of several experimental breast cancer models. More recently, PR have been shown to be regulators of estrogen receptor signaling. With all this information, the question is how can we target PR, and if so, which patients may benefit from such an approach? PR are not single unique molecules. Two main PR isoforms have been characterized, PRA and PRB, that exert different functions and the relative abundance of one isoform respect to the other determines the response of PR agonists and antagonists. Immunohistochemistry with standard antibodies against PR do not discriminate between isoforms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the expression of both PR isoforms in mammary glands, in experimental models of breast cancer and in breast cancer patients, to better understand how the PRA/PRB ratio can be exploited therapeutically to design personalized therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lamb
- C Lamb, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria T Fabris
- V Fabris, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Britta Jacobsen
- B Jacobsen, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado at Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- A Molinolo, Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resource, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, United States
| | - Claudia Lanari
- C Lanari, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Clark BJ, Prough RA, Klinge CM. Mechanisms of Action of Dehydroepiandrosterone. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 108:29-73. [PMID: 30029731 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, DHEA) and its sulfated metabolite DHEA-S are the most abundant steroids in circulation and decline with age. Rodent studies have shown that DHEA has a wide variety of effects on liver, kidney, adipose, reproductive tissues, and central nervous system/neuronal function. The mechanisms by which DHEA and DHEA-S impart their physiological effects may be direct actions on plasma membrane receptors, including a DHEA-specific, G-protein-coupled receptor in endothelial cells; various neuroreceptors, e.g., aminobutyric-acid-type A, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), and sigma-1 (S1R) receptors; by binding steroid receptors: androgen and estrogen receptors (ARs, ERα, or ERβ); or by their metabolism to more potent sex steroid hormones, e.g., testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol, which bind with higher affinity to ARs and ERs. DHEA inhibits voltage-gated T-type calcium channels. DHEA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) and CAR by a mechanism apparently involving PP2A, a protein phosphatase dephosphorylating PPARα and CAR to activate their transcriptional activity. We review our recent study showing DHEA activated GPER1 (G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1) in HepG2 cells to stimulate miR-21 transcription. This chapter reviews some of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of DHEA and DHEA-S activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eckerle S, Ringler M, Lecaudey V, Nitschke R, Driever W. Progesterone modulates microtubule dynamics and epiboly progression during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev Biol 2018; 434:249-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Garg D, Ng SSM, Baig KM, Driggers P, Segars J. Progesterone-Mediated Non-Classical Signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:656-668. [PMID: 28651856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is essential for pregnancy maintenance and menstrual cycle regulation. Hormone action has been primarily ascribed to the well-characterized classical signaling pathway involving ligand binding, activation of nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs), and subsequent activation of genes containing progesterone response elements (PREs). Recent studies have revealed progesterone actions via non-classical signaling pathways, often mediated by non-genomic signaling. Progesterone signaling, in conjunction with growth factor signaling, impacts on the function of growth factors and regulates important physiological actions such as cell growth and remodeling, as well as apoptosis. This review focuses on non-classical progesterone signaling pathways, both including and excluding PR, and highlights how research in this area will provide a better understanding of progesterone actions and may inform novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Garg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11219, USA
| | - Sinnie Sin Man Ng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - K Maravet Baig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Paul Driggers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences and Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Willibald M, Bayer G, Stahlhut V, Poschmann G, Stühler K, Gierke B, Pawlak M, Seeger H, Mueck AO, Niederacher D, Fehm T, Neubauer H. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is phosphorylated upon progestin treatment in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72480-72493. [PMID: 29069804 PMCID: PMC5641147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopausal hormone therapy, using estrogen and synthetic progestins, is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. The effect of progestins on breast cells is complex and not yet fully understood. In previous in vitro and in vivo studies, we found different progestins to increase the proliferation of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1 (PGRMC1)-overexpressing MCF7 cells (MCF7/PGRMC1), suggesting a possible role of PGRMC1 in transducing membrane-initiated progestin signals. Understanding the activation mechanism of PGRMC1 by progestins will provide deeper insights into the mode of action of progestins on breast cells and the often-reported phenomenon of elevated breast cancer rates upon progestin-based hormone therapy. In the present study, we aimed to further investigate the effect of progestins on receptor activation in MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. We report that treatment of both breast cancer cell lines with the progestin norethisterone (NET) induces phosphorylation of PGRMC1 at the Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation site Ser181, which can be decreased by treatment with CK2 inhibitor quinalizarin. Point mutation of the Ser181 phosphorylation site in MCF7/PGRMC1 cells impaired proliferation upon NET treatment. This study gives further insights into the mechanism of differential phosphorylation of the receptor and confirms our earlier hypothesis that phosphorylation of the CK2-binding site is essential for activation of PGRMC1. It further suggests an important role of PGRMC1 in the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer in progestin-based hormone replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Willibald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Giuliano Bayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vanessa Stahlhut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Berthold Gierke
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlak
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Harald Seeger
- Department of Women's Health, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of the Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alfred O Mueck
- Department of Women's Health, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of the Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The presence of a membrane-bound progesterone receptor induces growth of breast cancer with norethisterone but not with progesterone: A xenograft model. Maturitas 2017; 102:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Transdermales Östradiol und Progesteron. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-016-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Ruan X, Zhang Y, Mueck AO, Willibald M, Seeger H, Fehm T, Brucker S, Neubauer H. Increased expression of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in ER-positive and negative breast cancer. Menopause 2017; 24:203-209. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
24
|
Feng L, Ransom CE, Nazzal MK, Allen TK, Li YJ, Truong T, Potts LC, Seed PC, Murtha AP. The Role of Progesterone and a Novel Progesterone Receptor, Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1, in the Inflammatory Response of Fetal Membranes to Ureaplasma parvum Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168102. [PMID: 27977732 PMCID: PMC5158007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) is gaining recognition as an important pathogen for chorioamnionitis and preterm premature rupture of membranes. We aimed to investigate the roles of progesterone (P4) and a novel progesterone receptor, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), in the response of fetal membranes to U. parvum. Fetal membrane cells (amnion, chorion and decidua) were isolated and confirmed to be free of Mycoplasmataceae. Cells were treated with U. parvum (5x106 CFU), and adherence was quantified by qPCR. Amnion and chorion cells were transfected with scrambled siRNA or validated PGRMC1 siRNA for 72h. Cells were then treated with U. parvum for 4h with or without pretreatment with P4 (10−7 M) or ethanol for 1h. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) mRNA expression were quantified by qRT-PCR. Culture medium was harvested and analyzed for IL-8 and prostaglandin (PGE2) secretion by ELISA and MMP9 activity by zymography. U. parvum had a mean adherence of 15.0±0.6%, 16.9± 3.7% and 4.7±0.3% in cultured amnion, chorion and decidua cells, respectively. Exposure to U. parvum elicited significant inflammatory responses including induction of IL-8, COX-2, PGE2 and MMP9. A possible role of PGRMC1 was identified in the inhibition of U. parvum-stimulated COX-2 and MMP9 mRNA expression in chorion cells and MMP9 activity in amnion cells. On the other hand, it might enhance the U. parvum-stimulated IL-8 protein secretion in amnion cells. P4, mediated through PGRMC1, significantly inhibited U. Parvum-induced MMP9 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA expression in chorion cells. P4 appeared to attenuate U. parvum induced IL-8 mRNA expression in chorion cells, but this P4 effect might not mediated through PGRMC1. In summary, U. parvum preferentially adheres to and induces inflammatory responses in chorion and amnion cells. P4 and PGRMC1 appear to differentially modulate the inflammatory responses induced by U. parvum among amnion and chorion cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Carla E. Ransom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Nazzal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Terrence K. Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tracy Truong
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren C. Potts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Seed
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy P. Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Valadez-Cosmes P, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Cerbón M, Camacho-Arroyo I. Membrane progesterone receptors in reproduction and cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:166-75. [PMID: 27368976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone is a sexual steroid hormone that has a critical role in reproductive processes in males and females of several species, including humans. Furthermore, progesterone has been associated with pathological diseases such as breast, gynecological and brain cancer, regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. In the past, progesterone actions were thought to be only mediated by its intracellular receptor (PR). However, recent evidence has demonstrated that membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) mediate most of the non-classical progesterone actions. The role of the different mPRs subtypes in progesterone effects in reproduction and cancer is an emerging and exciting research area. Here we review studies to date regarding mPRs role in reproduction and cancer and discuss their functions and clinical relevance, suggesting mPRs as putative pharmacological targets and disease markers in cancer and diseases associated with reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Valadez-Cosmes
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Soini T, Hurskainen R, Grénman S, Mäenpää J, Paavonen J, Joensuu H, Pukkala E. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and the risk of breast cancer: A nationwide cohort study. Acta Oncol 2015; 55:188-92. [PMID: 26243443 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1062538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged steroid hormone therapy increases the risk of breast cancer, especially the risk of lobular cancer, but the effect of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) use is controversial. In this study we aimed to test the hypothesis that risk for lobular breast cancer is elevated among LNG-IUS users. MATERIAL AND METHODS We identified from the national Medical Reimbursement Registry of Finland the women aged 30-49 who had used LNG-IUS for the treatment or prevention of menorrhagia in 1994-2007, and from the Finnish Cancer Registry breast cancers diagnosed before the age of 55 and by the end of 2012. RESULTS A total of 2015 women had breast cancer diagnosed in a cohort of 93 843 LNG-IUS users during follow-up consisting of 1 032 767 women-years. The LNG-IUS users had an increased risk for both ductal breast cancer [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.25] and for lobular breast cancer (SIR 1.33, 95% CI 1.20-1.46), as compared with the general female population. The highest risk was found in LNG-IUS users who purchased the device at least twice, whose SIR for lobular cancer was 1.73 (95% CI 1.37-2.15). CONCLUSIONS The results imply that intrauterine administration of levonorgestrel is not only related to an excess risk of lobular breast cancer but also, in contrary to previous assumptions, to an excess risk of ductal breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Soini
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hyvinkää Hospital , Hyvinkää , Finland
| | - Ritva Hurskainen
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hyvinkää Hospital , Hyvinkää , Finland
| | - Seija Grénman
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
- d University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Johanna Mäenpää
- e School of Medicine, University of Tampere, University of Tampere , Finland
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Jorma Paavonen
- g Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
- h University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- i Department of Oncology , Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
- j Department of Oncology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- k School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, University of Tampere , Finland
- l Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research , Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mueck AO, Seeger H. Estrogen as a new option for prevention and treatment of breast cancer – does this need a ‘time gap’? Climacteric 2015; 18:444-7. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1041904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
28
|
Hansberg-Pastor V, González-Arenas A, Piña-Medina AG, Camacho-Arroyo I. Sex Hormones Regulate Cytoskeletal Proteins Involved in Brain Plasticity. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:165. [PMID: 26635640 PMCID: PMC4653291 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain of female mammals, including humans, a number of physiological and behavioral changes occur as a result of sex hormone exposure. Estradiol and progesterone regulate several brain functions, including learning and memory. Sex hormones contribute to shape the central nervous system by modulating the formation and turnover of the interconnections between neurons as well as controlling the function of glial cells. The dynamics of neuron and glial cells morphology depends on the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Cytoskeletal proteins are necessary to form neuronal dendrites and dendritic spines, as well as to regulate the diverse functions in astrocytes. The expression pattern of proteins, such as actin, microtubule-associated protein 2, Tau, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, changes in a tissue-specific manner in the brain, particularly when variations in sex hormone levels occur during the estrous or menstrual cycles or pregnancy. Here, we review the changes in structure and organization of neurons and glial cells that require the participation of cytoskeletal proteins whose expression and activity are regulated by estradiol and progesterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Hansberg-Pastor
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Piña-Medina
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abdel-Hafiz HA, Horwitz KB. Post-translational modifications of the progesterone receptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:80-9. [PMID: 24333793 PMCID: PMC3923415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone plays a key role in the development, differentiation and maintenance of female reproductive tissues and has multiple non-reproductive neural functions. Depending on the cell and tissue, the hormonal environment, growth conditions and the developmental stage, progesterone can either stimulate cell growth or inhibit it while promoting differentiation. Progesterone receptors (PRs) belong to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. PR proteins are subject to extensive post-translational modifications that include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation. The interplay among these modifications is complex with alteration of the receptors by one factor influencing the impact of another. Control over these modifications is species-, tissue- and cell-specific. They in turn regulate multiple functions including PR stability, their subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions and transcriptional activity. These complexities may explain how tissue- and gene-specific differences in regulation are achieved in the same organism, by the same receptor protein and hormone. Here we review current knowledge of PR post-translational modifications and discuss how these may influence receptor function focusing on human breast cancer cells. There is much left to be learned. However, our understanding of this may help to identify therapeutic agents that target PR activity in tissue-specific, even gene-specific ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kathryn B Horwitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|