An application of a modified theory of planned behavior model to investigate adolescents' job safety knowledge, norms, attitude and intention to enact workplace safety and health skills

Effect of multiple social norms on physicians' use of clinical practice guidelines on antimicrobials: A structural equation modeling approach

BACKGROUND

With the improper use of antimicrobials becoming a major public health concern, poor compliance of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on antimicrobials is still prominent globally, especially in the less developed regions. Although social norms have received increasing attention as the determinants of physicians' CPG use, most studies set forth only a single level of social norms.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the impact of multifaceted social norms on physician' use of CPGs on antimicrobials, and further reveal the temporal effects of social norms.

METHODS

Based on integration of Theory of Planned Behavior and Theory of Normative Social Behavior, a questionnaire survey was conducted covering social norms at individual level (subjective norms), organizational level (organization criterion) and social level (social identity). Data were collected by multi-stage random sampling from 502 physicians in secondary and tertiary general hospitals in central-western China. Structural equation model (SEM) and was multi-group SEM used to link the three-level factors with physician's behavior.

RESULTS

This study found that subjective norms, organization criterion and social identity were linked to higher behavioral intentions (β = 0.212, p < 0.001; β = 0.254, P < 0.001; β = 0.212, P < 0.001). The indirect effects of subjective norms, organizational criterion and social identity on behavioral intentions were 0.162, 0.033 and 0.075, and the direct effect of behavioral intentions on physicians' practice was 0.822. And the effects of organization criterion and social identity on behavior were moderated by the professional title, and regarding effects would be weakened with the rise of professional title.

CONCLUSION

These findings will not only help tailor pertinent social intervention strategies to expand the use of CPGs on antimicrobials, especially for the less developed regions, but also provide clues for future research about the impact mechanism of multiple social norms on physicians' adoption behavior of certain health services or products.

Factors influencing pregnant women's intention toward bed-sharing with infant in China: a cross-sectional study

Bed-sharing can have a negative impact on infant sleep safety. In order to reduce the occurrence of bed-sharing with infants, it's necessary to shift the research lens from newborn parents to the antenatal stage before infant birth. Our study aimed to assess the attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions of pregnant women about bed-sharing based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This cross-sectional study was conducted with 512 pregnant women in the obstetrics clinic of a tertiary hospital in China using convenience sampling. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires, consisting of demographic characteristics and a questionnaire for pregnant women on infant sleep safety based on TPB (12 items). Data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0. Structural equation modeling was carried out to verify the hypothetical model based on TPB. The results showed the average behavior intention score was 9.90 ± 5.14, indicating low intent for bed-sharing among pregnant women post-delivery. The Theory of Planned Behavior model explained 38.7% of the variance in bed-sharing intention, with attitude as the strongest predictor (β = 0.343, p < 0.001), followed by subjective norm (β = 0.232, p < 0.001) and perceived behavioral control (β = -0.210, p < 0.001). This study highlights the importance of antenatal health education and behavioral intervention early in pregnancy based on TPB theory to enhance infant sleep safety and encourage changes in bed-sharing behavior.

Assessing the application of adapted theory of planned behaviour in predicting postpartum family planning intentions in a pragmatic randomized control trial in Western Kenya

INTRODUCTION

In developing countries like Kenya, addressing the high population growth rate necessitates a focus on early Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) use. Despite the critical need for PPFP, few researchers explore the application of health behaviour change theories to enhance FP use among postpartum women. This study assesses the application of adapted Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in predicting intention for early PPFP in postpartum women in Western Kenya.

METHODS

This randomized control trial included pregnant women aged 15 to 49 attending Antenatal Care (ANC) clinics, randomly assigned to the "Nurses' arm," "Community arm," or "Control arm." The intervention provided family planning (FP) counseling. Trained nurses and Community Health Workers (CHW) delivered counseling in their respective arms, while the control arm received routine care. Adapted TPB was integrated into client exit interviews to identify constructs influencing early PPFP intentions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to predict the intention for early PPFP in the adapted TPB.

RESULTS

The SEM was optimized with the removal of client knowledge on early PPFP. The final model retained satisfaction with PPFP counseling, perceived normative beliefs, attitude towards PPFP, behaviour control of PPFP choice, and perceived risk of early postpartum pregnancy. Only satisfaction with counseling (P = 0.001), perceived normative beliefs (P<0.0001), attitude towards PPFP (P<0.0001), and behaviour control of PPFP choice (P = 0.018) significantly influenced early PPFP intention.

CONCLUSION

The study demonstrates a viable application of the adapted TPB model in predicting early PPFP intention in an interventional study.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The study was registered by the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry on 03 July 2021 with a Trial Registration Number PACTR202107891858045. The trial was prospectively registered.

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine massage on physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly women

This mixed-methods study examined the effects of traditional Chinese medicine massage on the physique, athletic performance, body composition, and perceived physical and mental health of 10 middle-aged and older women by using questionnaires and multiple measurement instruments. Microsoft Office and IBM SPSS 26.0 were used for the verification and calculation of results. Multivariate analysis was employed to analyze the data. Intermittent exercise significantly influenced the body composition, physical fitness, sports performance, and physical and mental health of female college students and improved their self-confidence, sleep quality, eating habits, weight, blood pressure, and sports performance, even when not accompanied with massage. However, although the rate of improvement was stable, intermittent exercise with traditional Chinese medicine massage yielded greater improvements in abdominal muscle strength and flexibility than intermittent exercise without traditional Chinese medicine massage. In terms of physical and mental health, headache, head pressure, back pain, and sense of loss were significantly alleviated (p < 0.01) in the traditional Chinese medicine massage group.

Exploring the determinants of health-promoting behaviors among miners: A text mining and meta-analysis

The health-promoting behaviors of miners are of great significance to their physical and mental well-being. With a focus on enhancing their overall health, this study aimed to explore the determinants and influencing mechanisms of health-promoting behaviors in miners. Initially, the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model was utilized to extract topical keywords from literature over the last 23 years and to categorize the determinants based on integrating the health promotion model and the health belief model. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed based on 51 related empirical research to explore the mechanisms between determinants and health-promoting behaviors. The results indicated that (1) the factors influencing miners' health-promoting behaviors can be divided into four dimensions: physical environment, psychosocial environment, individual characteristics, and health beliefs. (2) Noise was negatively related to health-promoting behaviors, while protective equipment, health culture, interpersonal relationships, health literacy, health attitudes, and income were positively related to health-promoting behaviors. (3) Protective equipment and health literacy were positively related to perceived threat, whereas interpersonal relationships were positively related to perceived benefits. This study sheds light on the mechanisms influencing miners' health-promoting behaviors and could inform behavioral interventions in occupational health.

Effects of safety interventions toward workers' behaviors using the theory of planned behavior in the rubber wood processing industry

Objectives. Rubberwood manufacturing has a wide range of occupational safety hazards. Workers' safety behaviors are substandard. This quasi-experimental study aimed to determine the factors affecting safety behaviors using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and compare the effects of safety intervention programs on workers' behaviors. Methods. The sample comprised workers from a rubberwood processing factory. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to validate the TPB constructs. The constructs were also analyzed before and after the interventions using structural equation modeling to confirm the observed variables. The interventions included conducting job safety analysis, establishing safety standard operation procedures and launching a behavioral promotion campaign. A t test was used to compare the constructs' intervention effects. Results. The structural equation model adequately fit the data and confirmed that the constructs were aligned with the TPB. Most path coefficients were statistically significant after the interventions were implemented. 'Attitude' and 'perceived behavioral control' directly and significantly affected 'intention'. 'Intention' was an essential mediator to 'behaviors'. The improvement in workers' behaviors was evident. Conclusions. According to the TPB, safety program interventions helped enhance workers' behaviors. Hence, based on participatory approaches, sustainable safety interventions should be maintained for all levels of personnel in the organization.

Diet behavior and consumption of iron inhibitors: Incidence anemia in adolescent girls

One of the strategies to prevent adolescent girls anemia through efforts to identify the factors that cause anemia. Adolescent girls are are prospective mothers who must prepare physically, mentally, with good knowledge so that they do not experience anemia during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. Quantitative approach used to identify factors that influence anemia in adolescent girls. Research variables are menstrual period, knowledge, diet attitudes and behavior, perception of body image, role of friends in prevention of anemia, role, exposure to information, consumption of iron, consumption of inhibitors and iron enhancers. The population of this research is young women aged 12-19 years. The taking technique by simple random sampling was amount 100, Data analysis was univariate, bivariate (chi square) and multivariate (linear regression). The results showed that the prevalence of anemia was 20%. Based on the results of statistical tests, it was obtained a P-value of 0.005 (<0.05) meaning that there was an influence on adolescent dietary behavior, the role of adolescents in preventing anemia and the consumption of iron inhibitors on the incidence of anemia. Anemia in young girls. There is an influence of eating behavior in female adolescents, the role of female adolescents in preventing anemia and consumption of iron inhibitors on the occurrence of anemia in female adolescents.

Relationship between diabetic knowledge, attitudes and practices among patients with diabetes in China: a structural equation model

OBJECTIVES

Whether the routine delivery of diabetes-related knowledge can change patients' attitudes and hence influence their self-management activities remains unknown in primary healthcare settings in China. Thus, this study aims to explore the complex transformation process between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among patients with diabetes in a city in China.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Yuhuan City, Zhejiang Province, China.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 803 patients with diabetes were invited to attend a questionnaire survey and 782 patients with type 2 diabetes completed the survey. The average age of participants was 58.47 years old, 48.21% of whom only attended primary school or below.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES

A questionnaire based on existing scales and expert consultation was applied to assess patients' socio-demographic information (SI), disease progression risk and diabetes-related KAP. A structural equation model was built to analyse the relationships between patients' characteristics and KAP.

RESULTS

No significant association was found between patients' knowledge and attitude (β=0.01, p=0.43). Better knowledge and attitude were both found to be associated with better diet and physical activities (β=0.58, p<0.001; β=0.46, p=0.01). However, patients with a more positive attitude toward diabetic care showed worse foot care practice (β=-0.13, p=0.02), while better knowledge was associated with better foot care practice (β=0.29, p<0.001). In addition, patients with higher SI (β=0.88, p<0.001) and/or disease progression risk (β=0.42, p<0.001) tended to present higher levels of disease knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS

While successful KAP transformation has been achieved in practice for diet and physical activities, there is a need to improve foot care practice. Health education should also prioritise the prevention, detection and care of diabetic foot. Also, appropriate methods should be adopted to deliver health education to vulnerable patients, such as the elderly, those living in rural areas, those with minimal education, the unemployed and low-income patients.

Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior Practices and Compliance of Workers Exposed to Respirable Dust in a Zambian Copper Mine

Work in the copper mining industry is often associated with exposure to respirable dust and respirable crystalline silica. This exposure has the potential to cause silicosis, an incurable occupational respiratory lung disease. This study aimed at establishing the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, work behavioral practices and compliance with safety standards and workers' exposure to respirable dust. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted on 528 mine workers. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the descriptives. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables and partial least squares (LVPLS) analysis were employed to determine the relationship among these variables. The results indicated that of the four hypotheses, two were supported, and two were rejected, showing that there is a significant relationship between exposure to respirable dust and work behavioral practices, as well as compliance with safety standards. Knowledge and attitudes toward respirable dust exposure did not significantly influence exposure. According to the results from the survey, positive work behavioral practices as well as compliance with safety standards were significantly associated with exposure to respirable dust. It is recommended that mines should focus on the miners' work behavioral practices and compliance with safety standards.

Assessment of the Building Situation Tool Adoption Among Firefighters

Technology is a standard tool that first responders use in their assessment and planning during disasters. Despite the considerable number of hardware and software solutions adopted, first responders still often rely on paper plans when examining indoor disasters. The purpose of this research is to investigate the technical competencies of firefighters and test the building situation tool (BUST) to replace the paper plans. A mixed method approach was used to assess the technology self-efficacy and gather insight into perceived usefulness, ease of use, and the user experience from the firefighters (N=20). The findings show a sufficient level of competency, and that first time users prefer guided instructions, clarity in the user interface, controls, and options to customize the user interface. The findings have practical implications for the future development of BUST and its adoption to the workflow of firefighters.

Development and Validation of a Diabetes Questionnaire for Middle School Students

OBJECTIVE

To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess diabetes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intent to change among middle school students.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional validation analysis.

SETTING

Students in 3 urban middle schools in Utah participated in this study.

PARTICIPANTS

The 25-item questionnaire was validated in independent samples of 277 and 304 students in the seventh and eighth grades.

VARIABLES MEASURED

The questionnaire includes the following variables: diabetes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intent to change dietary and physical activity behaviors.

ANALYSIS

Rigorous statistical approaches, including Cronbach's α (goodness of fit) calculation, test-retest reliability, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, were employed to examine the reliability and construct validity.

RESULTS

The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.7 for both subscales demonstrating acceptable internal consistency. All factor loadings were > 0.4, revealing close relations between factors and items. The confirmatory factor analysis model fit was 0.9 for the comparative fit index and Tucker-Lewis Index, indicating a reasonable model-data fit.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

This study demonstrated the validity of a diabetes questionnaire for middle school students. Future work is needed to validate its use in a diabetes prevention program, given the growing need for diabetes education among young adolescents.

Community Safety Behavior in Response to Coronavirus Pandemic

The purpose of this study is to explore the behavior and lifestyle of individuals in response to the coronavirus that the safety behavior of people in the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic. Hence, the study integrates the theory of planned behavior and the health belief model to understand the behavioral change in response to the coronavirus pandemic. The current study is qualitative therefore, a survey-based online questionnaire was used for data collection from university students and staff (faculty and nonfaculty) residing in top-tier cities of Pakistan, nonprobability convenient sampling was used to approach the audience. A two-stage approach was used to test the model using partial least square (variance-based structural equation modeling). The reliability and validity of the measurement model indicate that the data is reliable and valid. Outcomes prove all the relationships as proposed by the study, except for the impact of perceived barriers on intention and individual safety behavior. Perceived barriers act as obstacles that abstain individuals from following the standard operating procedures. The research agenda provides new insights into the fields of marketing, health care, consumer behavior, and behavioral studies. It contributes to the existing literature in the field of social marketing by studying the behavior and changes in the behavior of people in the global pandemic.

Young workers and safety: A critical review and future research agenda

INTRODUCTION

Research on young worker safety often relies on inconsistent definitions of young workers and poorly delineated indicators of occupational safety. This review aims to reconcile these fundamental issues by critically integrating research across disciplines and providing clear directions for future research on young worker safety.

METHOD

We critically review the extant research on young worker safety.

RESULTS

We first reconcile the inconsistent definitions of young workers and specify the indicators of occupational safety used in young worker safety research. We next describe the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of these injuries among young workers and then outline other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to workplace injuries. Finally, we discuss the convergence of many of these issues on family farms-a context commonly studied in young worker safety research.

CONCLUSIONS

Clearer definitions of young workers and indicators of occupational safety can improve the interpretation and comparability of extant research findings. Furthermore, the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of injury among young workers are subject to the interactions among age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics. Other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to injury include young workers' responses to hazardous work, individual differences stemming from young workers' biological and psychological development, managerial attitudes about young workers, and the limited safety training young workers are thus provided, the types of work that young workers typically perform, and the range of social influences on young workers.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Safety campaigns and safety training should consider interactions among young workers' age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics, rather than considering these features independently.

Nursing Students' Intention to Work as Community Health Nurse in China and Its Predictors

PURPOSE

To identify nursing students' intention and the predictors of intention to work as a community health nurse in China.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional investigation was conducted.

METHODS

A questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was delivered by Wechat to a convenience sample of 810 students.

FINDINGS

In the study, 345 students (42.6%) expressed the intention to be a community health nurse, and the program type, students' attitude, subjective norm and  perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of this intention.

CONCLUSION

The results highlight the necessity of community health nursing education reform in curriculum, teaching methods and nursing educators training, so as to improve students' ability and acceptance of community health nursing.

CLINICAL EVIDENCE

Working as community health nurse is not favored by students, and the current situation of community health nursing and nursing education system in China has not helped students recognize the attractive complexity in community care.

The Effect of Positive Reinforcement of Behavioral-Based Safety on Safety Participation in Philippine Coal-Fired Power Plant Workers: A Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Approach

The power plant accident is considered one of the man-made disasters in many developing countries, including the Philippines. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors influencing behavioral-based safety of coal-fired power plant workers which subsequently led to their active safety participation. 201 coal-fired power plant workers in the Philippines answered the questionnaire which consist of 60 items using a purposive sampling approach. PLS-SEM revealed that PM had significant effects on SI, SMS, and SP. In addition, SP was found to have a significant effect on BBS which subsequently led to SPT. Finally, SMS was found to have a significant effect on SC which subsequently led to SCM, BBS, and SPT. This study is the first study that explored the BBS in the Philippine coal-fired power plant. This study can be used to positively reinforce the safety participation of workers in the coal-fired power plant industry.

Predicting Construction Workers’ Intentions to Engage in Unsafe Behaviours Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Taxonomy of Personality

Dynamic environmental circumstances can sometimes be incompatible with proactive human intentions of being safe, leading individuals to take unintended risks. Behaviour predictions, as performed in previous studies, are found to involve environmental circumstances as predictors, which might thereby result in biased safety conclusions about individuals’ inner intentions to engage in unsafe behaviours. This research calls attention to relatively less-understood worker intentions and provides a machine learning (ML) approach to help understand workers’ intentions to engage in unsafe behaviours based on the workers’ inner drives, i.e., personality. Personality is consistent across circumstances and allows insight into one’s intentions. To mathematically develop the approach, data on personality and behavioural intentions was collected from 268 workers. Five ML architectures—backpropagation neural network (BP-NN), decision tree, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbours, and multivariate linear regression—were used to capture the predictive relationship. The results showed that BP-NN outperformed other algorithms, yielding minimal prediction loss, and was determined to be the best approach. The approach can generate quantifiable predictions to understand the extent of workers’ inner intentions to engage in unsafe behaviours. Such knowledge is useful for understanding undesirable aspects in different workers in order to recommend suitable preventive strategies for workers with different needs.

Safe-Sex Behavioral Intention of Chinese College Students: Examining the Effect of Sexual Knowledge Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Numerous contemporary studies have examined safe sexual behavior among college students. In China, families are reluctant to discuss sexual behavior, thus understanding and exploring the sexual knowledge of college students and the promotion of safe sexual behavior is essential. On the basis of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a cognitive behavioral theory that is widely used to predict human social behavior, we conducted an in-depth investigation of the factors influencing the sexual behavioral intentions of Chinese college students. We referenced the relevant literature to develop a TPB-based model for analyzing differences in sexual knowledge. Our statistical analysis revealed the following: (1) subjective norms and behavior control are key variables that influence the safe sexual behavior of college students; (2) attitudes and safe-sex behavioral intentions are influential in groups with extensive sexual knowledge; (3) behavioral control and subjective norms influence the differences in the comparative sexual knowledge of students. On the basis of the present results, we propose research recommendations and directions for the development of sex education in China.

A Study on the Effects of Chinese Massage on Physical and Mental Health in Participants Based Smart Healthcare

The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of the effect of the smart Chinese massage appliance on the participants' sports performance and physical and mental health after intermittent exercises. The study was performed by a mixed-study method. First, the experimental research method was used to design an experimental procedure and specifications such as data collection scope. Next, the quantitative research was carried out, using SPSS 26.0 statistical software to analyze data from the questionnaire. Then, the qualitative research was carried out by interviewing experts and respondents and obtaining their opinions. Finally, all the data were collated and analyzed using the multidimensional review method. Findings. Chinese massage significantly improved the physical fitness, exercise performance, body composition, and physical and mental health status of high-strength cyclic exercise participants. High-strength exercises can improve the physical and mental health of men. Medium-strength exercises could improve current conditions for women. Oxygen intake remained peaked for 8 sessions for men and increased after 30 sessions for women. Both groups required a 1-2-week adaptation period but had different exercise performance periods. After the experiment, head and back pain, as well as stress and negative emotions, was improved. The high intensity of the exercises relieved fear, headache or head stress, overeating, and other problems.

Determinants of restaurant consumers' intention to practice COVID-19 preventive behavior: an application of the theory of planned behavior

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intentions to practice COVID-19 preventive behaviors using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

SUBJECTS/METHODS

A total of 519 restaurant customers' responses was collected in this study through an online self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on socio-demographic factors. One-way analysis of variance and t-test were conducted to determine differences in the constructs from the TPB according to age and sex. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).

RESULTS

SEM revealed the positive effect of knowledge about COVID-19 on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in restaurants. Attitude, subjective norm, behavior intention, and knowledge positively affected COVID-19 preventive behavior intentions in restaurants.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study confirmed that the TPB is helpful in elucidating the determinants of consumers' intention to practice COVID-19 preventive behavior in restaurants. These findings can help policy makers and professionals provide material for further public health interventions and inform them about awareness-raising, guidelines, and health education programs.

The Theory of Planned Behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of health behaviors between Belgian and French residents

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a global crisis and authorities have encouraged the population to promote preventive health behaviors to slow the spread of the virus. While the literature on psychological factors influencing health behaviors during the COVID-19 is flourishing, there is a lack of cross-national research focusing on multiple health behaviors. The present study overcomes this limitation and affords a validation of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework for explaining the adoption of handwashing and limitation of social contacts, two health behaviors that highly differ in their nature. Specifically, we compare TPB model on these two protective behaviors among people living in Belgium (N = 3744) and France (N = 1060) during the COVID-19 sanitary crisis. Data were collected from March 18 until April 19, 2020, which corresponds to the spring lockdown and the first peak of the pandemic in these countries. Results indicated that more positive attitudes, greater social norms, increased perceived control and higher intentions were related to higher adherence to handwashing and limitation of social contacts, for both Belgian and French residents. Ultimately, we argued that the TPB model tends to manifest similarly across countries in explaining health behaviors, when comparing handwashing and limitation of social contacts among individuals living in different national contexts.

A modified theory of planned behavioral: A case of tourist intention to visit a destination post pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia

The Pandemic covid-19 spread globally has been given impact in the tourism industry, especially in the tourism destination. This study investigated to build the concept and theoretical framework that explains the decision of local tourist intention to visit a local destination in Indonesia post-pandemic covid-19. This study was considered the perception of Covid-19, non-pharmaceutical intervention and health consciousness by implying of Theory of Planned Behavior constructs. This study, health consciousness is the moderator variable to predict the decision of tourist to visit a destination. Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) was used to analyze the construct of study. The model found that the Theory of Planned Behavior was successfully broadened in making the decision of tourist to visit a destination post-covid-19 with considering non-pharmaceutical intervention and health consciousness. The results showed that generally the constructs of Theory Planned Behavior are significantly impacted in intention to visit a local destination in Indonesia, except Hypothesis of subjective norm and intention to visit was rejected. The variable health consciousness through intention to visit also was rejected. The framework also used moderating variable health consciousness between subjective norm and intention to visit was rejected. This study was given insight an issue of covid-19 in the tourism sector, and the implication was providing government, stakeholders, tourism marketers and policy-making with considering non-pharmaceutical and health consciousness during and post-pandemic covid-19.

Occupational hazard perceptions as factors influencing students' intentions to engage in part-time jobs

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the joined effects of students' perceived importance of occupational hazards and financial gains on intentions to engage in part-time jobs. The role of students' maturity value levels was also investigated. We used conservation of resources theory (COR) and job demands-resources (JD-R) theory as theoretical frameworks to test our hypotheses. Method. We conducted a factorial survey experiment using a sample of 858 students. Multilevel regression analyses with random effects were used to investigate effects of hazards perceptions and financial gains on intentions to engage in part-time jobs. The direct and moderating effects of students' maturity values were investigated. Results. Students considered financial gains more important in developing their intentions to take a part-time job, compared to occupational hazards. We also found interactions between occupational hazards and between occupational hazards and financial gains in predicting intentions. Students' maturity scores were negatively related to intentions and moderated the effects of financial gains and perceptions of psychological hazards on intentions. Conclusion. The study provided insights into students' perceptions of occupational hazards and financial benefits and their intention to take a part-time job. The results also indicate the direct and moderating effects of students' maturity values.

The Behavior of Using Masks during the Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic in Malang Regency, Indonesia: Application of Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Support

BACKGROUND: The use of masks during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the efforts to prevent its transmission. However, it was found that the behavior of the use of masks in the community is still low. AIM: This study aims to analyze people’s behavior in the use of masks with the theory of planned behavior and social support approach. METHODS: Research using a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted on 90 people in Malang, Indonesia, taken with simple random sampling techniques. Variables measured are behavioral beliefs, evaluation of behavioral outcomes, normative beliefs, motivation to comply, control beliefs, perceived power, attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, intention, family support, peer support, and mask usage behavior. Research instrument is questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a linear regression test. RESULTS: Results showed that the behavior of mask use according to the theory of planned behavior was significantly influenced by perceived power (p < 0.001), normative beliefs (p = 0.019), and intention to perform the behavior (p = 0.041). While in the social support component, peer support obtained a significant effect (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: As an effort to improve the behavior of the use of masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to strengthen perceived power, normative beliefs, and intentions accompanied by good peer support so that the community complies with the use of masks for the prevention of transmission.

Do Perceived Risk, Perception of Self-Efficacy, and Openness to Technology Matter for Solar PV Adoption? An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

Solar PV (photovoltaic) technology has gained considerable attention worldwide, as it can help reduce the adverse effects of CO2 emissions. Though the government of Pakistan is adopting solar PV technology due to its environmental friendliness nature, studies focusing on consumer’s acceptance of solar PV are limited in the country. This research aims to close this knowledge gap by looking into the various considerations that may influence consumers’ willingness to adopt (WTA) solar PV for household purposes. The study further contributes by expanding the conceptual framework of the theory of planned behavior by including three novel factors (perceived risk, perception of self-efficacy, and openness to technology). The analysis is based on questionnaire data collected from 683 households in Pakistan’s provincial capitals, including Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, Gilgit, and Karachi. The proposed hypotheses are investigated using the state-of-the-art structural equation modeling approach. The empirical results reveal that social norms, perception of self-efficacy, and belief about solar PV benefits positively influence consumers’ WTA solar PV. On the contrary, the perceived risk and solar PV cost have negative effects. Notably, the openness to technology has an insignificant effect. This study can help government officials and policymakers explore cost-effective, risk-free technologies to lessen the environmental burden and make the country more sustainable. Based on research results, study limitations, as well as prospective research directions, are also addressed.

Impact of a Banning Indoor Dining Policy on Restaurant Avoidance Behavior during the COVID-19 Outbreak

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading around the world, and Taiwan is no exception. Faced with the outbreak of the epidemic, the Taiwan government immediately ordered a policy banning indoor dining. The main purpose of the present research is to extend a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) theoretical framework to explore the public perception toward banning indoor dining policy on restaurant avoidance behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. An online survey was administered in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic from 25 May to 8 June 2021; a total of 326 responses were collected by a convenience sampling method, and partial least square (PLS) analysis was deployed to examine the hypothesized relationships. The results showed that perception toward banning indoor dining policy had independent significant associations with attitude, perceived behavioral control, and restaurant avoidance behavior. Moreover, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm had independent significant associations with restaurant avoidance behavior. This study provides theoretical and practical insights into the psychological and behavioral processes involved in policy by the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic, thus helping policymakers to better understand public opinion and responses to policy issues.

Envisioning the future of work to safeguard the safety, health, and well-being of the workforce: A perspective from the CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

The future of work embodies changes to the workplace, work, and workforce, which require additional occupational safety and health (OSH) stakeholder attention. Examples include workplace developments in organizational design, technological job displacement, and work arrangements; work advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, and technologies; and workforce changes in demographics, economic security, and skills. This paper presents the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Future of Work Initiative; suggests an integrated approach to address worker safety, health, and well-being; introduces priority topics and subtopics that confer a framework for upcoming future of work research directions and resultant practical applications; and discusses preliminary next steps. All future of work issues impact one another. Future of work transformations are contingent upon each of the standalone factors discussed in this paper and their combined effects. Occupational safety and health stakeholders are becoming more aware of the significance and necessity of these factors for the workplace, work, and workforce to flourish, merely survive, or disappear altogether as the future evolves. The future of work offers numerous opportunities, while also presenting critical but not clearly understood difficulties, exposures, and hazards. It is the responsibility of OSH researchers and other partners to understand the implications of future of work scenarios to translate effective interventions into practice for employers safeguarding the safety, health, and well-being of their workers.

The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism

The tourism industry has been seriously suffering from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis ever since its outbreak. Given this pandemic situation, the major aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that clearly explains the US international tourists' post-pandemic travel behaviors by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB). By utilizing a quantitative process, the TPB was successfully broadened by incorporating the travelers' perceived knowledge of COVID-19, and it has been deepened by integrating the psychological risk. Our theoretical framework sufficiently accounted for the US tourists' post-pandemic travel intentions for safer international destinations. In addition, the perceived knowledge of COVID-19 contributed to boosting the prediction power for the intentions. The associations among the subjective norm, the attitude, and the intentions are under the significant influence of the tourists' psychological risks regarding international traveling. The comparative criticality of the subjective norm is found. Overall, the findings of this study considerably enhanced our understanding of US overseas tourists' post-pandemic travel decision-making processes and behaviors.

Nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to pressure injury prevention: A large-scale cross-sectional survey in mainland China

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To determine the level of and factors in nurses' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards pressure injury (PI) prevention.

BACKGROUND

Although there has been a declining trend in global PI prevalence and hospital-acquired rates in recent years, this has not been the case in China. Evidence in the literature indicates the importance of nurses' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours for promoting PI prevention.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS

A total of 1,806 nurses from 10 tertiary general hospitals in Hunan Province, China, participated in this study. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes were assessed using Pieper's Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Test and Attitude towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention Instrument, respectively, and behaviours were measured using a researcher self-designed questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis determined factors affecting the nurses' PI-prevention knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. A STROBE checklist was used to report findings.

RESULTS

Among all nurses involved in this study, 41.7% had insufficient PI-prevention knowledge, 46.6% had negative PI-prevention attitudes, and 21.8% had poor PI-prevention behaviour. Nurses with a bachelor's degree or above were more likely to have adequate PI-prevention knowledge. Increased PI-prevention training frequency increased the nurses' positive attitude scores for PI prevention; longer years of service and a higher number of PI-prevention trainings attended predicted better PI-prevention behaviours.

CONCLUSION

Chinese nurses' PI-prevention knowledge and attitudes in this study were unsatisfactory, while their PI-prevention behaviour was acceptable. Increasing PI-prevention training frequency can help improve Chinese nurses' PI-prevention attitudes and further behaviour. Having a minimum of a bachelor degree may be beneficial to Chinese nurses' PI-prevention knowledge, but more evidence is needed.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Chinese nurses have insufficient knowledge about PI-repositioning, inadequate practices in PI nutrition assessment, and low confidence in their personal competence regarding PI-prevention. The key solution for the above issues is to promote ongoing education and training based on strong clinical leadership.