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Büttner R, Gosney JR, Skov BG, Adam J, Motoi N, Bloom KJ, Dietel M, Longshore JW, López-Ríos F, Penault-Llorca F, Viale G, Wotherspoon AC, Kerr KM, Tsao MS. Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Immunohistochemistry Testing: A Review of Analytical Assays and Clinical Implementation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:3867-3876. [PMID: 29053400 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.74.7642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Three programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are currently approved for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Treatment with pembrolizumab in NSCLC requires PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. Nivolumab and atezolizumab are approved without PD-L1 testing, though US Food and Drug Administration-cleared complementary PD-L1 tests are available for both. PD-L1 IHC assays used to assess PD-L1 expression in patients treated with programmed death-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical trials include PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx (28-8), PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx (22C3), Ventana PD-L1 SP142 (SP142), and Ventana PD-L1 SP263 (SP263). Differences in antibodies and IHC platforms have raised questions about comparability among these assays and their diagnostic use. This review provides practical information to help physicians and pathologists understand analytical features and comparability of various PD-L1 IHC assays and their diagnostic use. Methods We reviewed and summarized published or otherwise reported studies (January 2016 to January 2017) on clinical trial and laboratory-developed PD-L1 IHC assays (LDAs). Studies assessing the effect of diagnostic methods on PD-L1 expression levels were analyzed to address practical issues related to tissue samples used for testing. Results High concordance and interobserver reproducibility were observed with the 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 clinical trial assays for PD-L1 expression on tumor cell membranes, whereas lower PD-L1 expression was detected with SP142. Immune-cell PD-L1 expression was variable and interobserver concordance was poor. Inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity had variable effects on PD-L1 expression. Concordance among LDAs was variable. Conclusion High concordance among 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 when assessing PD-L1 expression on tumor cell membranes suggests possible interchangeability of their clinical use for NSCLC but not for assessment of PD-L1 expression on immune cells. Development of LDAs requires stringent standardization before their recommendation for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Büttner
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R Gosney
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Birgit Guldhammer Skov
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julien Adam
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Bloom
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W Longshore
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando López-Ríos
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew C Wotherspoon
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Reinhard Büttner, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne; Manfred Dietel, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; John R. Gosney, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool; Andrew C. Wotherspoon, Royal Marsden Hospital, London; Keith M. Kerr, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; Birgit Guldhammer Skov, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Julien Adam, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif; Frédérique Penault-Llorca, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Noriko Motoi, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Kenneth J. Bloom, Human Longevity, San Diego, CA; John W. Longshore, Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC; Fernando López-Ríos, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain; Giuseppe Viale, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Ming-Sound Tsao, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Soo RA, Stone ECA, Cummings KM, Jett JR, Field JK, Groen HJM, Mulshine JL, Yatabe Y, Bubendorf L, Dacic S, Rami-Porta R, Detterbeck FC, Lim E, Asamura H, Donington J, Wakelee HA, Wu YL, Higgins K, Senan S, Solomon B, Kim DW, Johnson M, Yang JCH, Sequist LV, Shaw AT, Ahn MJ, Costa DB, Patel JD, Horn L, Gettinger S, Peters S, Wynes MW, Faivre-Finn C, Rudin CM, Tsao A, Baas P, Kelly RJ, Leighl NB, Scagliotti GV, Gandara DR, Hirsch FR, Spigel DR. Scientific Advances in Thoracic Oncology 2016. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:1183-1209. [PMID: 28579481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer care is rapidly changing with advances in genomic testing, the development of next-generation targeted kinase inhibitors, and the continued broad study of immunotherapy in new settings and potential combinations. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and the Journal of Thoracic Oncology publish this annual update to help readers keep pace with these important developments. Experts in thoracic cancer and care provide focused updates across multiple areas, including prevention and early detection, molecular diagnostics, pathology and staging, surgery, adjuvant therapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for NSCLC, SCLC, and mesothelioma. Quality and value of care and perspectives on the future of lung cancer research and treatment have also been included in this concise review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Soo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore; School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Emily C A Stone
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - John K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Harry J M Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James L Mulshine
- Internal Medicine, Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ramon Rami-Porta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Network of Biomedical Research Centers in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Lung Cancer Group, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eric Lim
- Academic Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hisao Asamura
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jessica Donington
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kristin Higgins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suresh Senan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - James C H Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel B Costa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jyoti D Patel
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leora Horn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott Gettinger
- Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Solange Peters
- Medical Oncology and Thoracic Malignancies, Oncology Department, University Hospital Center Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murry W Wynes
- International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- Radiotherapy Related Research, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anne Tsao
- Mesothelioma Program, Thoracic Chemo-Radiation Program, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Baas
- Department of Chest Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronan J Kelly
- Deptartment of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - David R Gandara
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.
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