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Hsin-Hung C, En-Kuei T, Yun-Ju W, Fu-Zong W. Impact of annual trend volume of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening on overdiagnosis, overmanagement, and gender disparities. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:73. [PMID: 38867342 PMCID: PMC11170916 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing prevalence of nonsmoking-related lung cancer in Asia, Asian countries have increasingly adopted low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening, particularly in private screening programs. This study examined how annual LDCT volume affects lung cancer stage distribution, overdiagnosis, and gender disparities using a hospital-based lung cancer database. METHODS This study analyzed the annual utilized LDCT volume, clinical characteristics of lung cancer, stage shift distribution, and potential overdiagnosis. At the individual level, this study also investigated the relationship between stage 0 lung cancer (potential strict definition regarding overdiagnosis) and the clinical characteristics of lung cancer. RESULTS This study reviewed the annual trend of 4971 confirmed lung cancer cases from 2008 to 2021 and conducted a link analysis with an LDCT imaging examination database over these years. As the volume of lung cancer screenings has increased over the years, the number and proportion of stage 0 lung cancers have increased proportionally. Our study revealed that the incidence of stage 0 lung cancer increased with increasing LDCT scan volume, particularly during the peak growth period from 2017 to 2020. Conversely, stage 4 lung cancer cases remained consistent across different time intervals. Furthermore, the increase in the lung cancer screening volume had a more pronounced effect on the increase in stage 0 lung cancer cases among females than it had among males. The estimated potential for overdiagnosis brought about by the screening process, compared to non-participating individuals, ranged from an odds ratio of 7.617 to one of 17.114. Both strict and lenient definitions of overdiagnosis (evaluating cases of stage 0 lung cancer and stages 0 to 1 lung cancer) were employed. CONCLUSIONS These results provide population-level evidence of potential lung cancer overdiagnosis in the Taiwanese population due to the growing use of LDCT screening, particularly concerning the strict definition of stage 0 lung cancer. The impact was greater in the female population than in the male population, especially among females younger than 40 years. To improve lung cancer screening in Asian populations, creating risk-based prediction models for smokers and nonsmokers, along with gender-specific strategies, is vital for ensuring survival benefits and minimizing overdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hsin-Hung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan
| | - Tang En-Kuei
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan
| | - Wu Yun-Ju
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wu Fu-Zong
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kerpel-Fronius A, Megyesfalvi Z, Markóczy Z, Solymosi D, Csányi P, Tisza J, Kecskés A, Baranyi B, Csánky E, Dóka A, Gálffy G, Göcző K, Győry C, Horváth Z, Juhász T, Kállai Á, Kincses ZT, Király Z, Király-Incze E, Kostyál L, Kovács A, Kovács A, Kuczkó É, Makra Z, Maurovich Horvát P, Merth G, Moldoványi I, Müller V, Pápai-Székely Z, Papp D, Polgár C, Rózsa P, Sárosi V, Szalai Z, Székely A, Szuhács M, Tárnoki D, Tavaszi G, Turóczi-Kirizs R, Tóth L, Urbán L, Vaskó A, Vigh É, Dome B, Bogos K. HUNCHEST-II contributes to a shift to earlier-stage lung cancer detection: final results of a nationwide screening program. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:3462-3470. [PMID: 37921926 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) altered the landscape of lung cancer (LC) screening and contributed to the reduction of mortality rates worldwide. Here we report the final results of HUNCHEST-II, the largest population-based LDCT screening program in Hungary, including the screening and diagnostic outcomes, and the characteristics of the LC cases. METHODS A total of 4215 high-risk individuals aged between 50 and 75 years with a smoking history of at least 25 pack-years were assigned to undergo LDCT screening. Screening outcomes were determined based on the volume, growth, and volume doubling time of pulmonary nodules or masses. The clinical stage distribution of screen-detected cancers was compared with two independent practice-based databases consisting of unscreened LC patients. RESULTS The percentage of negative and indeterminate tests at baseline were 74.2% and 21.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of positive LDCT results was 4.1%. Overall, 76 LC patients were diagnosed throughout the screening rounds (1.8% of total participants), out of which 62 (1.5%) patients were already identified in the first screening round. The overall positive predictive value of a positive test was 58%. Most screen-detected malignancies were stage I LCs (60.7%), and only 16.4% of all cases could be classified as stage IV disease. The percentage of early-stage malignancies was significantly higher among HUNCHEST-II screen-detected individuals than among the LC patients in the National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology's archive or the Hungarian Cancer Registry (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HUNCHEST-II demonstrates that LDCT screening for LC facilitates early diagnosis, thus arguing in favor of introducing systematic LC screening in Hungary. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT HUNCHEST-II is the so-far largest population-based low-dose CT screening program in Hungary. A positive test's overall positive predictive value was 58%, and most screen-detected malignancies were early-stage lesions. These results pave the way for expansive systematic screening in the region. KEY POINTS • Conducted in 18 medical facilities, HUNCHEST-II is the so far largest population-based low-dose CT screening program in Hungary. • The vast majority of screen-detected malignancies were early-stage lung cancers, and the overall positive predictive value of a positive test was 58%. • HUNCHEST-II facilitates early diagnosis, thus arguing in favor of introducing systematic lung cancer screening in Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Markóczy
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diana Solymosi
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csányi
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Tisza
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Kecskés
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Eszter Csánky
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Hospital and University Teaching Hospital - Semmelweis Member State Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Dóka
- Vas County Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, Hungary
| | | | - Katalin Göcző
- Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Csilla Győry
- Petz Aladár University Teaching Hospital, Győr, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Horváth
- Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Hospitals and University Teaching, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Árpád Kállai
- Hódmezővásárhely- Makó Healthcare Services Center, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond T Kincses
- Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Király
- Pulmonological Institute of Veszprém County, Farkasgyepű, Hungary
| | - Enikő Király-Incze
- Fejér County Szent György University Teaching Hospital, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - László Kostyál
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Hospital and University Teaching Hospital - Semmelweis Member State Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kovács
- Medical School and Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Éva Kuczkó
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Makra
- Hódmezővásárhely- Makó Healthcare Services Center, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Pápai-Székely
- Fejér County Szent György University Teaching Hospital, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Dávid Papp
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Csaba Polgár
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Rózsa
- Medical School and Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- MediConcept, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Sárosi
- Medical School and Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | | | - Marianna Szuhács
- Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Hospitals and University Teaching, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Tavaszi
- Törökbálint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Éva Vigh
- Vas County Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dome
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Krisztina Bogos
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
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Wang Z, Xue F, Sui X, Han W, Song W, Jiang J. Personalised follow-up and management schema for patients with screen-detected pulmonary nodules: A dynamic modelling study. Pulmonology 2024:S2531-0437(24)00040-0. [PMID: 38614860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selecting the time target for follow-up testing in lung cancer screening is challenging. We aim to devise dynamic, personalized lung cancer screening schema for patients with pulmonary nodules detected through low-dose computed tomography. METHODS We developed and validated dynamic models using data of pulmonary nodule patients (aged 55-74 years) from the National Lung Screening Trial. We predicted patient-specific risk profiles at baseline (R0) and updated the risk evaluation results in repeated screening rounds (R1 and R2). We used risk cutoffs to optimize time-dependent sensitivity at an early decision point (3 months) and time-dependent specificity at a late decision point (1 year). RESULTS In validation, area under receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting 12-month lung cancer onset was 0.867 (95 % confidence interval: 0.827-0.894) and 0.807 (0.765-0.948) at R0 and R1-R2, respectively. The personalized schema, compared with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline and Lung-RADS, yielded lower rates of delayed diagnosis (1.7% vs. 1.7% vs. 6.9 %) and over-testing (4.9% vs. 5.6% vs. 5.6 %) at R0, and lower rates of delayed diagnosis (0.0% vs. 18.2% vs. 18.2 %) and over-testing (2.6% vs. 8.3% vs. 7.3 %) at R2. Earlier test recommendation among cancer patients was more frequent using the personalized schema (vs. NCCN: 29.8% vs. 20.9 %, p = 0.0065; vs. Lung-RADS: 33.2% vs. 22.8 %, p = 0.0025), especially for women, patients aged ≥65 years, and part-solid or non-solid nodules. CONCLUSIONS The personalized schema is easy-to-implement and more accurate compared with rule-based protocols. The results highlight value of personalized approaches in realizing efficient nodule management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College. No. 5 Dongdansantiao Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China; Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases. No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China
| | - F Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College. No. 5 Dongdansantiao Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - X Sui
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. No.1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - W Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College. No. 5 Dongdansantiao Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - W Song
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. No.1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College. No. 5 Dongdansantiao Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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Liu Y, Xu H, Lv L, Wang X, Kang R, Guo X, Wang H, Zheng L, Liu H, Guo L, Chen Q, Liu S, Qiao Y, Zhang S. Risk-based lung cancer screening in heavy smokers: a benefit-harm and cost-effectiveness modeling study. BMC Med 2024; 22:73. [PMID: 38369461 PMCID: PMC10875747 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual screening through low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended for heavy smokers. However, it is questionable whether all individuals require annual screening given the potential harms of LDCT screening. This study examines the benefit-harm and cost-effectiveness of risk-based screening in heavy smokers and determines the optimal risk threshold for screening and risk-stratified screening intervals. METHODS We conducted a comparative cost-effectiveness analysis in China, using a cohort-based Markov model which simulated a lung cancer screening cohort of 19,146 heavy smokers aged 50 ~ 74 years old, who had a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years and were either current smokers or had quit for < 15 years. A total of 34 risk-based screening strategies, varying by different risk groups for screening eligibility and screening intervals (1-year, 2-year, 3-year, one-off, non-screening), were evaluated and were compared with annual screening for all heavy smokers (the status quo strategy). The analysis was undertaken from the health service perspective with a 30-year time horizon. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was adopted as three times the gross domestic product (GDP) of China in 2021 (CNY 242,928) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. RESULTS Compared with the status quo strategy, nine risk-based screening strategies were found to be cost-effective, with two of them even resulting in cost-saving. The most cost-effective strategy was the risk-based approach of annual screening for individuals with a 5-year risk threshold of ≥ 1.70%, biennial screening for individuals with a 5-year risk threshold of 1.03 ~ 1.69%, and triennial screening for individuals with a 5-year risk threshold of < 1.03%. This strategy had the highest incremental net monetary benefit (iNMB) of CNY 1032. All risk-based screening strategies were more efficient than the status quo strategy, requiring 129 ~ 656 fewer screenings per lung cancer death avoided, and 0.5 ~ 28 fewer screenings per life-year gained. The cost-effectiveness of risk-based screening was further improved when individual adherence to screening improved and individuals quit smoking after being screened. CONCLUSIONS Risk-based screening strategies are more efficient in reducing lung cancer deaths and gaining life years compared to the status quo strategy. Risk-stratified screening intervals can potentially balance long-term benefit-harm trade-offs and improve the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Lihong Lv
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Ruihua Kang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Liyang Zheng
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Lanwei Guo
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Shuzheng Liu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Youlin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
- Center for Global Health, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Shaokai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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Diaz EM, Tu J, Diaz EM, Antonoff MB. Lung Cancer Screening in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: An Untapped Opportunity. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:305-309. [PMID: 36940898 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence demonstrating that lung cancer screening (LCS) decreases mortality, widespread implementation is lagging. Efforts to identify and recruit patients for LCS are in need. Candidacy for LCS is based on identifiable risk factors, many of which overlap with those of head and neck malignancies. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of candidacy for LCS in the head and neck cancer patient population. METHODS We performed a review of anonymous surveys collected from patients who presented to a head and neck cancer clinic. Variables collected from these surveys included age, biologic sex, smoking history, and head and neck cancer history. Patients' candidacy for screening was determined, and descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 321 patient surveys were reviewed. Mean age was 63.7 years, and 195 (60.7%) were men. In this sample, 19 (5.91%) were current smokers, and 112 (34.9%) were former smokers, having quit an average of 19.4 years prior to completing the survey. Average pack-years was 29.3. Of the 321 patients surveyed, 60 (18.7%) would qualify for LCS using current guidelines. However, among those 60 patients who qualified for LCS, only 15 (25%) patients had been offered screening and only 14 (23.3%) had been screened. CONCLUSIONS We have importantly demonstrated both a substantial prevalence of candidacy for LCS in the head and neck cancer population as well as disappointingly low levels of screening utilization in this group of patients. We have identified this setting as a key patient population that ought to be targeted for information about and access to LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Diaz
- General Surgery Residency Program, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas
| | - Janet Tu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of General Oncology and Thoracic, Head and Neck Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eduardo M Diaz
- Division of Surgery, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Division of Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Wang Y, Jing L, Liang C, Liu J, Wang S, Wang G. Comparison of the safety and effectiveness of the four-hook needle and hook wire for the preoperative positioning of localization ground glass nodules. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 38297385 PMCID: PMC10829251 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the implementation of lung cancer screening programs, an increasing number of pulmonary nodules have been detected.Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) could provide adequate tissue specimens for pathological analysis, and has few postoperative complications.However, locating the nodules intraoperatively by palpation can be difficult for thoracic surgeons. The preoperative pulmonary nodule localization technique is a very effective method.We compared the safety and effectiveness of two methods for the preoperative localization of pulmonary ground glass nodules. METHODS From October 2020 to April 2021, 133 patients who underwent CT-guided single pulmonary nodule localization were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after successful localization. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the localization accuracy, safety, information related to surgery and postoperative pathology information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of the two localization needles. RESULTS The mean maximal transverse nodule diameters in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 8.97 ± 3.85 mm and 9.00 ± 3.19 mm, respectively (P = 0.967). The localization times in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 20.58 ± 2.65 min and 21.43 ± 3.06 min, respectively (P = 0.09). The dislodgement rate was significantly higher in the hook wire group than in the four-hook needle group (7.46% vs. 0, P = 0.024). The mean patient pain scores based on the visual analog scale in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 2.87 ± 0.67 and 6.10 ± 2.39, respectively (P = 0.000). All ground glass nodules (GGNs) were successfully resected by VATS. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative pulmonary nodule localization with both a four-hook needle and hook wire is safe, convenient and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Weifang No.2 Peoplès Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Lijun Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang No.2 Peoplès Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Changsheng Liang
- Department of Radiology, Weifang No.2 Peoplès Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Weifang No.2 Peoplès Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Shubo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Weifang No.2 Peoplès Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Gongchao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Wang L, Peng B, Yan Y, Liu G, Yang D, Wang Q, Li Y, Mao Q, Chen Q. The tRF-3024b hijacks miR-192-5p to increase BCL-2-mediated resistance to cytotoxic T lymphocytes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111135. [PMID: 37977065 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) poses a challenge. Recent evidence suggests that tumor cells' insensitivity to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contributes to drug resistance against ICIs. Here, a particular tRNA-derived fragment called tRF-3024b has been identified as playing a significant role in tumor cell resistance to CTLs. Through tRF sequencing (tRF-seq), we observed a high expression of tRF-3024b in ESCC cells that survived co-culture with CTLs. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that tRF-3024b reduced the apoptosis of tumor cells when co-cultured with CTLs. The mechanism behind this resistance involves tRF-3024b promoting the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) by sequestering miR-192-5p, a microRNA that would normally inhibit BCL-2 expression. This means that tRF-3024b indirectly enhances the protective effects of BCL-2, reducing apoptosis in tumor cells. Rescue assays confirmed that the suppressive function of tRF-3024b relies on BCL-2. In summary, the tRF-3024b/miR-192-5p/BCL-2 axis sheds light on the crucial role of tRF-3024b in regulating BCL-2 expression. These findings offer valuable insights into strategies to enhance the response of ESCC to CTLs and improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy approaches in treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Department of Geriatric Lung Cancer Laboratory, The Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangjun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dunpeng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qibin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qixing Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Hendrick RE, Smith RA. Benefit-to-radiation-risk of low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening. Cancer 2024; 130:216-223. [PMID: 37909872 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and Dutch-Belgian NELSON randomized controlled trials have shown significant mortality reductions from low-dose computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening (LCS). NLST, ITALUNG, and COSMOS trials have provided detailed dosimetry data for LCS. METHODS LCS trial mortality benefit results, organ dose and effective dose data, and Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Report VII (BEIR VII) organ dose-to-cancer-mortality risk data are used to estimate benefit-to-radiation-risk ratios of the NLST, ITALUNG, and COSMOS trials. Data from those trials also are used to estimate benefit-to-radiation-risk ratios for longer-term LCS corresponding to scenarios recommended by United States Preventive Services Task Force and the American Cancer Society. RESULTS Including only screening doses, NLST benefit-to-radiation-risk ratios are 12:1 for males, 19:1 for females, and 16:1 overall. Including both screening and estimated follow-up doses, benefit-to-radiation-risk ratios for NLST are 9:1 for males, 13:1 for females, and 12:1 overall. For the ITALUNG trial, the benefit-to-radiation-risk ratio is 58-63:1. For the COSMOS trial, assuming sex-specific mortality benefits like those of the NELSON trial, the benefit-to-radiation-risk ratio is 23:1. Assuming a conservative 20% mortality benefit, annual screening in people 50-79 years old with a 20+ pack-year history of smoking has benefit-to-radiation-risk ratios of 23:1 (with follow-up doses adding 40% to screening doses) to 29:1 (with follow-up adding 10%) based on COSMOS dose data. CONCLUSIONS Based on linear, no threshold BEIR VII dose-risk estimates, benefit-to-radiation-risk ratios for LCS are highly favorable. Results emphasize the importance of using modern CT technologies, maintaining low diagnostic follow-up rates, and minimizing both screening and diagnostic follow-up doses. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY The benefits of lung cancer screening significantly outweigh estimates of future harms associated with exposure to radiation during screening and diagnostic follow-up examinations. Our findings emphasize the importance of lung cancer screening practices using state-of-the-art computed tomography scanners and specialized low-dose lung screening and diagnostic follow-up techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Edward Hendrick
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert A Smith
- Early Cancer Detection Science Department, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
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9
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Lee P, Sachdeva A. Interventional pulmonology: reflection on the past, perfecting the present and innovating for the future. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:1-2. [PMID: 38051174 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pyng Lee
- National University of Singapore & National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ashutosh Sachdeva
- Bronchoscopy and Interventional Pulmonology Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Liu Y, Chu Y, Liu J, Ge X, Ding M, Li P, Liu F, Zhou X, Wang X. Incidence and mortality of second primary malignancies after lymphoma: a population-based analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:2282652. [PMID: 38010751 PMCID: PMC10836242 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2282652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second primary malignancies (SPMs) account for an increasing proportion of human malignancies. We estimated the incidence, risk factors and outcomes in lymphoma survivors with SPMs. METHODS Patients diagnosed with SPMs after primary lymphoma from 2010 to 2021 were included in this study. The incidence, mortality and clinical characteristics of SPMs in our center and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were delineated and analyzed. Standardized incidence ratio quantified second cancer risk. RESULTS A total of 2912 patients of lymphoma were included, 63 cases of SPM met the inclusion criteria, with the prevalence of SPMs after lymphoma was 2.16%. The male-to-female ratio of 2.32:1. The majority of these patients were older (≥60 years old, 61.90%) and previously treated with chemotherapy (68.25%). The common types among SPMs were digestive system tumors (42.86%), respiratory system tumors (20.63%) and urinary system tumors (12.70%). Additionally, cancer risks were significantly elevated after specific lymphoma though calculating the expected incidence. In terms of mortality, the diagnosis of SPMs was significantly associated with an increased risk of death over time. Moreover, although the outcome was favorable in some SPM subtypes (thyroid and breast cancer), other SPMs such as stomach and lung tumors had a dismal prognosis. CONCLUSION With the improvement of medical standards, the survival of lymphoma patients has been prolonged. However, the incidence of SPM is increasing, particularly among men and older lymphoma survivors. Therefore, more attention should be invested in the SPM to further improve the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yurou Chu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueling Ge
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Ding
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Chudgar NP, Stiles BM. Building a Lung Cancer Screening Program. Thorac Surg Clin 2023; 33:333-341. [PMID: 37806736 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer screening improves lung-cancer specific and potentially overall survival; however, uptake rates are concerningly low. Several barriers to screening exist and require a systemic approach to address. The authors describe their approach toward building a centralized lung cancer screening program at an urban academic center along with lessons learned. To this end, the identification of involved stakeholders, evaluation of community barriers and needs, optimization of the electronic health system, and implementation of system of standardized follow-up for patients are processes for consideration. Perhaps most important to undertaking this endeavor is the need to customize each program and maintain adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel P Chudgar
- Montefiore Medical Center at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Brendon M Stiles
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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12
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Yang N, Song S, Akhtar MH, Liu C, Yao L, Yu J, Li Y, Li Q, He D, Yu C. J-Aggregation induced NIR-II fluorescence: an aza-BODIPY luminogen for efficient phototheranostics. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9712-9720. [PMID: 37791404 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic dyes with emission peaks in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II 1000-1700 nm) is highly desirable for in vivo imaging and imaging-guided phototheranostics. However, the lack of appropriate molecular frameworks and the challenges associated with complex synthesis critically hinder the development of new candidate fluorophores. J-Aggregation is considered as a smart and straightforward way to construct such a therapeutic agent with NIR-II fluorescence imaging properties. Here, we present the design and synthesis of an aza-BODIPY probe (TA). Upon encapsulation within the amphiphilic polymer DSPEG-PEG2000-NH2, TA underwent self-assembly and formed J-aggregates (TAJ NPs), which showed emission at 1020 nm. High spatial resolution and adequate signal-to-noise ratio of the TAJ NPs are demonstrated for noninvasive bioimaging of the vasculature, lymph nodes and bones of mice in the NIR-II region. Moreover, the TAJ NPs exhibited good tumor enrichment efficiency with reduced liver accumulation and significant imaging-guided phototherapy performance against lung cancer cells. Taken together, this work not only introduces a new NIR-II imaging and phototheranostic agent based on J-aggregates, but also provides insight into the development of versatile organic dyes for future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Mahmood Hassan Akhtar
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Lang Yao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Qianxue Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, P. R. China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Cong Yu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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Zhang Z, Gao Y, Liu S, Ding B, Zhang X, Wu IXY. Initial low-dose computed tomography screening results and summary of participant characteristics: based on the latest Chinese guideline. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1085434. [PMID: 37293585 PMCID: PMC10247136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1085434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been promoted as a promising screening strategy for early detection of lung cancer. China released the latest lung cancer screening guideline in 2021. The compliance of the individuals who received LDCT for lung cancer screening with the guideline is unknown yet. It is necessary to summarize the distribution of guideline-defined lung cancer-related risk factors in the Chinese population so as to inform the selection of target population for the future lung cancer screening. Methods A single-center, cross-sectional study design was adopted. All participants were individuals who underwent LDCT at a tertiary teaching hospital in Hunan, China, between 1 January and 31 December 2021. LDCT results were derived along with guideline-based characteristics for descriptive analysis. Results A total of 5,486 participants were included. Over one-quarter (1,426, 26.0%) of the participants who received screening did not meet the guideline-defined high-risk population, even among non-smokers (36.4%). Most of the participants (4,622, 84.3%) were found to have lung nodules, while no clinical intervention was required basically. The detection rate of positive nodules varied from 46.8% to 71.2% when using different cut-off values for positive nodules. Among non-smoking women, ground glass opacity appeared to be more significantly common compared with non-smoking men (26.7% vs. 21.8%). Conclusion Over one-quarter of individuals who received LDCT screening did not meet the guideline-defined high-risk populations. Appropriate cut-off values for positive nodules need to be continuously explored. More precise and localized criteria for high-risk individuals are needed, especially for non-smoking women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinyan Gao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Binrong Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Centre for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Irene X. Y. Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, China
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Wang J, Li R, Chang J, Wang Y, Lai Y, Dong Y, Che G. Quality of life between home-based and outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients after surgical resection for lung cancer: protocol for a prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067845. [PMID: 37156593 PMCID: PMC10174035 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer remains a highly fatal disease. Surgical resection has been proven to be the most effective treatment for early-stage lung cancer. The conventional hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is shown to reduce symptoms, improve exercise capacity and impact the quality of life (QoL) for lung cancer patients. To date, scientific evidence on the effectiveness of home-based PR for patients with lung cancer following surgery is scarce. We aim to explore if home-based PR is non-inferior to outpatient PR for patients with lung cancer following surgical resection. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a two-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blind, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Participants will be recruited from West China Hospital, Sichuan University and randomly allocated to either an outpatient group or a home-based group at a ratio of 1:1. The PR programme involves self-management and exercises. The exercise includes warm-up (10 min), aerobic training (20 min), resistance training (15 min) and cool-down (10 min), lasting 4 weeks, with two sessions per week either at home or in the outpatient setting. The intensity will be adjusted according to the modified Borg rating of perceived exertion and heart rate before and after each exercise session. The primary outcome is QoL measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 & LC 13 after an intervention. Secondary outcomes include physical fitness measured by a 6 min walk test and stair-climbing test and symptom severity measured by patient-reported questionnaires and pulmonary function. The main hypothesis is that home-based PR is non-inferior to outpatient PR for patients with lung cancer following surgical resection. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial has been approved by the Ethical Committee of West China Hospital and is also registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2100053714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junke Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yutian Lai
- Lung Cancer Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingxian Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Duma N, Evans N, Mitchell E. Disparities in lung cancer. J Natl Med Assoc 2023; 115:S46-S53. [PMID: 37202003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States. Despite a substantial decline in lung cancer incidence and mortality across all races in the last few decades, medically underserved racial and ethnic minority populations continue to carry the greatest burden of disease throughout the lung cancer continuum. Black individuals experience a higher incidence of lung cancer due to lower rates of low-dose computed tomography screening, which translate into advanced disease stage at diagnosis and poorer survival outcomes compared with White individuals. With respect to treatment, Black patients are less likely to receive gold standard surgery, have access to biomarker testing or high-quality treatment compared with White patients. The reasons for those disparities are multifactorial and include socioeconomic (eg, poverty, lack of health insurance, and inadequate education), and geographic inequalities. The objective of this article is to review the sources of racial and ethnic disparities in lung cancer, and to propose recommendations to help address them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edith Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Assessment of Barriers and Challenges to Screening, Diagnosis, and Biomarker Testing in Early-Stage Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051595. [PMID: 36900386 PMCID: PMC10000935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of lung cancer has transformed over the past decade and is no longer considered a singular disease as it now has multiple sub-classifications based on molecular markers. The current treatment paradigm requires a multidisciplinary approach. One of the most important facets of lung cancer outcomes however relies on early detection. Early detection has become crucial, and recent effects have shown success in lung cancer screening programs and early detection. In this narrative review, we evaluate low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening and how this screening modality may be underutilized. The barriers to broader implementation of LDCT screening is also explored as well as approaches to address these barriers. Current developments in diagnosis, biomarkers, and molecular testing in early-stage lung cancer are evaluated as well. Improving approaches to screening and early detection can ultimately lead to improved outcomes for patients with lung cancer.
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17
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Jantzen R, Ezer N, Camilleri-Broët S, Tammemägi MC, Broët P. Evaluation of the accuracy of the PLCO m2012 6-year lung cancer risk prediction model among smokers in the CARTaGENE population-based cohort. CMAJ Open 2023; 11:E314-E322. [PMID: 37041013 PMCID: PMC10095260 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PLCOm2012 prediction tool for risk of lung cancer has been proposed for a pilot program for lung cancer screening in Quebec, but has not been validated in this population. We sought to validate PLCOm2012 in a cohort of Quebec residents, and to determine the hypothetical performance of different screening strategies. METHODS We included smokers without a history of lung cancer from the population-based CARTaGENE cohort. To assess PLCOm2012 calibration and discrimination, we determined the ratio of expected to observed number of cases, as well as the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of different risk thresholds. To assess the performance of screening strategies if applied between Jan. 1, 1998, and Dec. 31, 2015, we tested different thresholds of the PLCOm2012 detection of lung cancer over 6 years (1.51%, 1.70% and 2.00%), the criteria of Quebec's pilot program (for people aged 55-74 yr and 50-74 yr) and recommendations from 2021 United States and 2016 Canada guidelines. We assessed shift and serial scenarios of screening, whereby eligibility was assessed annually or every 6 years, respectively. RESULTS Among 11 652 participants, 176 (1.51%) lung cancers were diagnosed in 6 years. The PLCOm2012 tool underestimated the number of cases (expected-to-observed ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.79), but the discrimination was good (C-statistic 0.727, 95% CI 0.679-0.770). From a threshold of 1.51% to 2.00%, sensitivities ranged from 52.3% (95% CI 44.6%-59.8%) to 44.9% (95% CI 37.4%-52.6%), specificities ranged from 81.6% (95% CI 80.8%-82.3%) to 87.7% (95% CI 87.0%-88.3%) and positive predictive values ranged from 4.2% (95% CI 3.4%-5.1%) to 5.3% (95% CI 4.2%-6.5%). Overall, 8938 participants had sufficient data to test performance of screening strategies. If eligibility was estimated annually, Quebec pilot criteria would have detected fewer cancers than PLCOm2012 at a 2.00% threshold (48.3% v. 50.2%) for a similar number of scans per detected cancer. If eligibility was estimated every 6 years, up to 26 fewer lung cancers would have been detected; however, this scenario led to higher positive predictive values (highest for PLCOm2012 with a 2.00% threshold at 6.0%, 95% CI 4.8%-7.3%). INTERPRETATION In a cohort of Quebec smokers, the PLCOm2012 risk prediction tool had good discrimination in detecting lung cancer, but it may be helpful to adjust the intercept to improve calibration. The implementation of risk prediction models in some of the provinces of Canada should be done with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Jantzen
- CARTaGENE (Jantzen, Broët), Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine; Université de Montréal (Jantzen, Broët); Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Broët), École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal; Departments of Medicine (Ezer) and of Pathology (Camilleri-Broët), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Prevention and Cancer Control (Tammemägi), Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Tammemägi), Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont.; Department of Public Health (Broët), Faculty of Medicine; Centre de recherche en epidémiologie et santé des populations and INSERM (Broët), Université Paris-Saclay; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (Broët), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicole Ezer
- CARTaGENE (Jantzen, Broët), Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine; Université de Montréal (Jantzen, Broët); Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Broët), École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal; Departments of Medicine (Ezer) and of Pathology (Camilleri-Broët), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Prevention and Cancer Control (Tammemägi), Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Tammemägi), Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont.; Department of Public Health (Broët), Faculty of Medicine; Centre de recherche en epidémiologie et santé des populations and INSERM (Broët), Université Paris-Saclay; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (Broët), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broët
- CARTaGENE (Jantzen, Broët), Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine; Université de Montréal (Jantzen, Broët); Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Broët), École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal; Departments of Medicine (Ezer) and of Pathology (Camilleri-Broët), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Prevention and Cancer Control (Tammemägi), Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Tammemägi), Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont.; Department of Public Health (Broët), Faculty of Medicine; Centre de recherche en epidémiologie et santé des populations and INSERM (Broët), Université Paris-Saclay; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (Broët), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Martin C Tammemägi
- CARTaGENE (Jantzen, Broët), Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine; Université de Montréal (Jantzen, Broët); Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Broët), École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal; Departments of Medicine (Ezer) and of Pathology (Camilleri-Broët), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Prevention and Cancer Control (Tammemägi), Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Tammemägi), Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont.; Department of Public Health (Broët), Faculty of Medicine; Centre de recherche en epidémiologie et santé des populations and INSERM (Broët), Université Paris-Saclay; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (Broët), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Broët
- CARTaGENE (Jantzen, Broët), Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine; Université de Montréal (Jantzen, Broët); Département de médecine sociale et préventive (Broët), École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal; Departments of Medicine (Ezer) and of Pathology (Camilleri-Broët), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Prevention and Cancer Control (Tammemägi), Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Tammemägi), Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont.; Department of Public Health (Broët), Faculty of Medicine; Centre de recherche en epidémiologie et santé des populations and INSERM (Broët), Université Paris-Saclay; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (Broët), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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Singareddy A, Flanagan ME, Samson PP, Waqar SN, Devarakonda S, Ward JP, Herzog BH, Rohatgi A, Robinson CG, Gao F, Govindan R, Puri V, Morgensztern D. Trends in Stage I Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2023; 24:114-119. [PMID: 36504141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The American Cancer Society has recently reported an increase in the percentage of patients with localized lung cancer from 2004 to 2018, coinciding with the initial lung cancer screening guidelines issued in 2013. We conducted a National Cancer Database (NCDB) study to further evaluate the trends in stage I according to patient and tumor characteristics. METHODS We selected patients with lung cancer from the NCDB Public Benchmark Report diagnosed between 2010 and 2017. Patients with stages I to IV according to the AJCC seventh edition were evaluated according to the year of diagnosis, histology, age, sex, race, and insurance. RESULTS Among the 1,447,470 patients identified in the database, 56,382 (3.9%) were excluded due to stage 0 or unknown, or incorrect histology, leaving 1,391,088 patients eligible. The percentage of patients with stage I increased from 23.5% in 2010 to 29.1% in 2017 for all lung cancers, from 25.9% to 31.8% in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and from 5.0% to 5.4% in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients younger than 70 years, males and blacks had lower percentages of stage I compared to older patients, females, and nonblacks respectively. Patients with no insurance had the lowest percentage of stage I. CONCLUSIONS There has been a significant increase in the percentage of stage I lung cancer at diagnosis from 2010 to 2017, which occurred mostly in NSCLC. Although the staging shift was observed in all subsets of patients, there were noticeable imbalances according to demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashray Singareddy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary Ellen Flanagan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pamela P Samson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Saiama N Waqar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Siddhartha Devarakonda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeffrey P Ward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brett H Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anjali Rohatgi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Clifford G Robinson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Feng Gao
- Siteman Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and the Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Varun Puri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Morgensztern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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19
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Ruckdeschel JC, Riley M, Parsatharathy S, Chamarthi R, Rajagopal C, Hsu HS, Mangold D, Driscoll C. Unstructured Data Are Superior to Structured Data for Eliciting Quantitative Smoking History From the Electronic Health Record. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2200155. [PMID: 36809022 DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Develop a method for extracting smoking status and quantitative smoking history from clinician notes to facilitate cohort identification for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scanning for early detection of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 4,615 adult patients were randomly selected from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Critical Care (MIMIC-III) database. The structured data were obtained by queries of the diagnosis tables using the International Classification of Diseases codes in use at that time. Unstructured data were drawn from clinician notes via natural language processing (NLP) using named entity recognition and our clinical data processing and extraction algorithms to identify two main clinical criteria for each smoking patient: (1) pack years smoked and (2) time from quit date (if applicable). A subset of 10% of the patient charts were manually reviewed for accuracy and precision. RESULTS The structured data revealed 575 (12.5%) ever smokers (current plus past use). None of these patients had quantification of their smoking history, and 4,040 (87.5%) had no smoking information in the diagnosis tables; consequently, a cohort of patients eligible for LDCT could not be determined. Review of the physician notes by NLP disclosed 1,930 (41.8%) ever smokers of whom 537 were active smokers and 1,299 former smokers, and in 94 cases, it could not be determined if they were active or former smokers. A total of 1365 patients (29.6%) had no smoking data recorded. When the smoking and the age criteria for LDCT were applied to this group, 276 were found to be eligible for LDCT using the USPSTF criteria. As determined by clinician review, our F-score for identifying patients eligible for LDCT was 0.88. CONCLUSION Unstructured data, obtained by NLP, can accurately identify a precise cohort that meets the USPSTF guidelines for LDCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Ruckdeschel
- MetiStream, Inc, Vienna, VA.,University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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20
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Tian H, Bai G, Yang Z, Chen P, Xu J, Liu T, Fan T, Wang B, Xiao C, Li C, Gao S, He J. Multiple primary lung cancer: Updates of clinical management and genomic features. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1034752. [PMID: 36910635 PMCID: PMC9993658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1034752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) has been increasingly prevalent in clinical practice. However, many details about MPLC have not been completely settled, such as understanding the driving force, clinical management, pathological mechanisms, and genomic architectures of this disease. From the perspective of diagnosis and treatment, distinguishing MPLC from lung cancer intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM) has been a clinical hotpot for years. Besides, compared to patients with single lung lesion, the treatment for MPLC patients is more individualized, and non-operative therapies, such as ablation and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), are prevailing. The emergence of next-generation sequencing has fueled a wave of research about the molecular features of MPLC and advanced the NCCN guidelines. In this review, we generalized the latest updates on MPLC from definition, etiology and epidemiology, clinical management, and genomic updates. We summarized the different perspectives and aimed to offer novel insights into the management of MPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiachen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingning Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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21
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Pérez-Morales J, Pathak R, Reyes M, Tolbert H, Tirbene R, Gray JE, Simmons VN, Schabath MB, Quinn GP. Qualitative Findings From a Survey on Patient Experiences and Satisfaction with Lung Cancer Screening. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231167963. [PMID: 36971270 PMCID: PMC10052477 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231167963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reveal successes and potential limitations of the lung cancer screening program, we conducted a survey that included both quantitative and open-ended questions to measure patient experiences and satisfaction with screening. METHODS We report on the five open-ended items related to barriers to returning for screening, experience with other cancer prevention screenings, positive and negative experiences, and suggestions for improving future appointments. The open-ended responses were analyzed using constant comparison method and inductive content analysis. RESULTS Respondents (182 patients, 86% response rate for open-ended questions) provided generally positive comments about their lung cancer screening experience. Negative comments were related to desire for more information about results, long wait times for results, and billing issues. Suggestions for improvements included: scheduling on-line appointments and text or email reminders, lower costs, and responding to uncertainty about eligibility criteria. CONCLUSION Findings provide insights about patient experiences and satisfaction with lung cancer screening which is important given low uptake. Ongoing patient-centered feedback may improve the lung cancer screening experience and increase follow-up screening rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaileene Pérez-Morales
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Monica Reyes
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Haley Tolbert
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rajwantee Tirbene
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jhanelle E Gray
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vani N Simmons
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, 25301H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn P Quinn
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Population Health, 12296New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Wang M, Liu L, Dai Q, Jin M, Huang G. Developing a primary tumor and lymph node 18F-FDG PET/CT-clinical (TLPC) model to predict lymph node metastasis of resectable T2-4 NSCLC. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:247-261. [PMID: 36565319 PMCID: PMC9889531 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to investigate whether the combined PET/CT radiomic features of the primary tumor and lymph node could predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in stage T2-4. METHODS This retrospective study included 192 NSCLC patients who underwent tumor and node dissection between August 2016 and December 2017 and underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scanning 1-3 weeks before surgery. In total, 192 primary tumors (> 3 cm) and 462 lymph nodes (LN > 0.5 cm) were analyzed. The pretreatment clinical features of these patients were recorded, and the radiomic features of their primary tumor and lymph node were extracted from PET/CT imaging. The Spearman's relevance combined with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used for radiomic feature selection. Five independent machine learning models (multi-layer perceptron, extreme Gradient Boosting, light gradient boosting machine, gradient boosting decision tree, and support vector machine) were tested as classifiers for model development. We developed the following three models to predict LNM: tumor PET/CT-clinical (TPC), lymph PET/CT-clinical (LPC), and tumor and lymph PET/CT-clinical (TLPC). The performance of the models and the clinical node (cN) staging was evaluated using the ROC curve and confusion matrix analysis. RESULTS The ROC analysis showed that among the three models, the TLPC model had better predictive clinical utility and efficiency in predicting LNM of NSCLC (AUC = 0.93, accuracy = 85%; sensitivity = 0.93; specificity = 0.75) than both the TPC model (AUC = 0.54, accuracy = 50%; specificity = 0.38; sensitivity = 0.59) and the LPC model (AUC = 0.82, accuracy = 70%; specificity = 0.41; sensitivity = 0.92). The TLPC model also exhibited great potential in predicting the N2 stage in NSCLC (AUC = 0.94, accuracy = 79%; specificity = 0.64; sensitivity = 0.91). CONCLUSION The combination of CT and PET radiomic features of the primary tumor and lymph node showed great potential for predicting LNM of resectable T2-4 NSCLC. The TLPC model can non-invasively predict lymph node metastasis in NSCLC, which may be helpful for clinicians to develop more rational therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China ,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Qian Dai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China ,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Gang Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China ,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
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23
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Cooley ME, Castaldi PJ, Mazzola E, Blazey MU, Nayak MM, Healey MJ, Lathan CS, Borondy-Kitts A, DeMarco RF, Kim SS. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the Enhanced Smoking Cessation Approach to Promote Empowerment (ESCAPE) digitalized intervention to promote lung health in high-risk individuals who smoke. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 124:107005. [PMID: 36396069 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an effective screening test to decrease lung cancer deaths. Lung cancer screening may be a teachable moment helping people who smoke to quit, which may result in increased benefit of screening. Innovative strategies are needed to engage high-risk individuals in learning about LDCT screening. More precise methods such as polygenic risk scores quantify genetic predisposition to tobacco use, and optimize lung health interventions. We present the ESCAPE (Enhanced Smoking Cessation Approach to Promote Empowerment) protocol. This study will test a smoking cessation intervention using personal stories and a lung cancer screening decision-aide compared to standard care (brief advice, referral to a quit line, and a lung cancer screening decision-aide), examine the relationship between a polygenic risk score and smoking abstinence, and describe perceptions about integration of genomic information into smoking cessation treatment. A randomized controlled trial followed by a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach will compare the efficacy of the interventions. Interviews will add insight into the use of genomic information and risk perceptions to tailor smoking cessation treatment. Two-hundred and fifty individuals will be recruited from primary care, community-based organizations, mailing lists and through social media. Data will be collected at baseline, 1, 3 and 6-months. The primary outcomes are 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence and stage of lung cancer screening at 6-months. The results from this study will provide information to refine the ESCAPE intervention and facilitate integration of precision health into future lung health interventions. Clinical trial registration number: NCT0469129T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Cooley
- Phyllis F. Cantor Center, Research in Nursing and Patient Care Services, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Emanuele Mazzola
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, CLSB 11007, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Meghan Underhill Blazey
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America.
| | - Manan M Nayak
- Phyllis F. Cantor Center, Research in Nursing and Patient Care Services, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Michael J Healey
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Christopher S Lathan
- Department of Medicine, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | | | - Rosanna F DeMarco
- Department of Nursing, Robert and Donna Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America.
| | - Sun S Kim
- Department of Nursing, Robert and Donna Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America.
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24
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Boulate D, Fidelle M, Caramella C, Issard J, Planché O, Pradère P, Garelik D, Hache O, Lamrani L, Zins M, Beaussier H, Chatellier G, Fadel E, Zitvogel L, Besse B, Mercier O. Epidemiological Study to Assess the Prevalence of Lung Cancer in patients with smoking-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: PREVALUNG study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067191. [PMID: 36572501 PMCID: PMC9806070 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eligibility criteria definition for a lung cancer screening (LCS) is an unmet need. We hypothesised that patients with a history of atheromatous cardiovascular disease (ACVD) associated with tobacco consumption are at risk of lung cancer (LC). The main objective is to assess LC prevalence among patients with ACVD and history of tobacco consumption by using low-dose chest CT scan. Secondary objectives include the evaluation LCS in this population and the constitution of a biological biobank to stratify risk of LC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We are performing a monocentric 'single-centre' prospective study among patients followed up in adult cardiovascular programmes of vascular surgery, cardiology and cardiac surgery recruited from 18 November 2019 to 18 May 2021. The inclusion criteria are (1) age 45-75 years old, (2) history of ACVD and (3) history of daily tobacco consumption for 10 years prior to onset of ACVD. Exclusion criteria are symptoms of LC, existing follow-up for pulmonary nodule, fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, resting dyspnoea and active pulmonary infectious disease. We targeted the inclusion of 500 patients. After inclusion (V0), patients are scheduled for a low-dose chest CT and blood and faeces harvesting within 7 months (V1). Each patient is scheduled for a follow-up by telephonic visits at month 3 (V2), month 6 (V3) and month 12 (V4) after V1. Each patient is followed up until 1 year after V1 (14 February 2023). We measure LC prevalence and quantify the National Lung Screening Trial and Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NELSON) trial eligibility criteria, radiation, positive screening, false positivity, rate of localised LC diagnosis, quality of life with the Short Form 12 (SF-12) and anxiety with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory A and B (STAI-YA and STAI-YB, respectively), smoking cessation and onset of cardiovascular and oncological events within 1 year of follow-up. A case-control study nested in the cohort is performed to identify clinical or biological candidate biomarkers of LC. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved according the French Jardé law; the study is referenced at the French 'Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé' (reference ID RCB: 2019-A00262-55) and registered on clinicaltrial.gov. The results of the study will be presented after the closure of the follow-up scheduled on 14 February 2023 and disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03976804.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Boulate
- Research and Innovation Unit, Centre Chirugical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marine Fidelle
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Caramella
- Radiology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Justin Issard
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Olivier Planché
- Radiology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Pauline Pradère
- Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Daniel Garelik
- Addictology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Océane Hache
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Lilia Lamrani
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marc Zins
- Radiology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Hélène Beaussier
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Gilles Chatellier
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Groupe, Hospitalier Paris Sain-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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25
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Melichar B. Biomarkers in the management of lung cancer: changing the practice of thoracic oncology. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 61:906-920. [PMID: 36384005 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lung cancer currently represents a leading cause of cancer death. Substantial progress achieved in the medical therapy of lung cancer during the last decade has been associated with the advent of targeted therapy, including immunotherapy. The targeted therapy has gradually shifted from drugs suppressing general mechanisms of tumor growth and progression to agents aiming at transforming mechanisms like driver mutations in a particular tumor. Knowledge of the molecular characteristics of a tumor has become an essential component of the more targeted therapeutic approach. There are specific challenges for biomarker determination in lung cancer, in particular a commonly limited size of tumor sample. Liquid biopsy is therefore of particular importance in the management of lung cancer. Laboratory medicine is an indispensable part of multidisciplinary management of lung cancer. Clinical
Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) has played and will continue playing a major role in updating and spreading the knowledge in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology , Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital , Olomouc , Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and Fourth Department of Medicine , Charles University Medical School and Teaching Hospital , Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
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26
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Palokas M, Hinton E, Duhe R, Christian R, Rogers D, Sharma M, Stefanek M. Barriers and facilitators for low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening in rural populations in the United States: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2022; 20:2727-2733. [PMID: 36081363 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-21-00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to identify barriers and facilitators for low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening uptake and adherence among rural populations in the United States. INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and cancer patients from rural areas have poorer outcomes than those from metropolitan areas. Evidence exists that lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography significantly increases survival time but is also significantly underutilized. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies completed in the United States with adults who fit United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for lung cancer screening and who live in rural areas will be included. Studies published in English since 2013 that report on barriers and facilitators for low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening uptake and adherence will be included in this review. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods studies will be included, along with opinion pieces published by government agencies or professional cancer-related organizations. METHODS The search strategy will locate published primary studies, reviews, and opinion papers, including those by government and nonprofit agencies focused on cancer. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Gray literature databases and sources of unpublished studies will also be searched. Independent reviewers will be used throughout the search and selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Palokas
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hinton
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Roy Duhe
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Robin Christian
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Deirdre Rogers
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Manvi Sharma
- Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, MS, USA.,University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael Stefanek
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Jackson, MS, USA
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27
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Are We Underestimating Efficacy and Cost-Efficacy of Population Lung Cancer Computed Tomography Screening? JTO Clin Res Rep 2022; 3:100383. [PMID: 36176485 PMCID: PMC9513554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Núñez ER, Caverly TJ, Zhang S, Glickman ME, Qian SX, Boudreau JH, Miller DR, Slatore CG, Wiener RS. Factors Associated With Declining Lung Cancer Screening After Discussion With a Physician in a Cohort of US Veterans. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2227126. [PMID: 35972738 PMCID: PMC9382440 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.27126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lung cancer screening (LCS) is underused in the US, particularly in underserved populations, and little is known about factors associated with declining LCS. Guidelines call for shared decision-making when LCS is offered to ensure informed, patient-centered decisions. OBJECTIVE To assess how frequently veterans decline LCS and examine factors associated with declining LCS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study included LCS-eligible US veterans who were offered LCS between January 1, 2013, and February 1, 2021, by a physician at 1 of 30 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities that routinely used electronic health record clinical reminders documenting LCS eligibility and veterans' decisions to accept or decline LCS. Data were obtained from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse or Medicare claims files from the VA Information Resource Center. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was documentation, in clinical reminders, that veterans declined LCS after a discussion with a physician. Logistic regression analyses with physicians and facilities as random effects were used to assess factors associated with declining LCS compared with agreeing to LCS. RESULTS Of 43 257 LCS-eligible veterans who were offered LCS (mean [SD] age, 64.7 [5.8] years), 95.9% were male, 84.2% were White, and 37.1% lived in a rural zip code; 32.0% declined screening. Veterans were less likely to decline LCS if they were younger (age 55-59 years: odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.64-0.74; age 60-64 years: OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75-0.85), were Black (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87), were Hispanic (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.78), did not have to make co-payments (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.99), or had more frequent VHA health care utilization (outpatient: OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.67-0.72; emergency department: OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80-0.92). Veterans were more likely to decline LCS if they were older (age 70-74 years: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19-1.37; age 75-80 years: OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.73-2.17), lived farther from a VHA screening facility (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08), had spent more days in long-term care (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.19), had a higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03-1.05), or had specific cardiovascular or mental health conditions (congestive heart failure: OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.39; stroke: OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28; schizophrenia: OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.60-2.19). The physician and facility offering LCS accounted for 19% and 36% of the variation in declining LCS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, older veterans with serious comorbidities were more likely to decline LCS and Black and Hispanic veterans were more likely to accept it. Variation in LCS decisions was accounted for more by the facility and physician offering LCS than by patient factors. These findings suggest that shared decision-making conversations in which patients play a central role in guiding care may enhance patient-centered care and address disparities in LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R. Núñez
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Tanner J. Caverly
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
- National Center for Lung Cancer Screening, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
| | - Sanqian Zhang
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark E. Glickman
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
- National Center for Lung Cancer Screening, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
| | - Shirley X. Qian
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline H. Boudreau
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Donald R. Miller
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher G. Slatore
- National Center for Lung Cancer Screening, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
- Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Renda Soylemez Wiener
- Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts
- National Center for Lung Cancer Screening, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
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29
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Bujarski S, Flowers R, Alkhunaizi M, Cuvi D, Sathya S, Melcher J, Kheradmand F, Holt G. Challenges in initiating a lung cancer screening program: Experiences from two VA medical centers. Semin Oncol 2022; 49:S0093-7754(22)00046-X. [PMID: 35853765 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Establishing a lung cancer screening (LCS) program is an important endeavor that delivers life-saving healthcare to an at-risk population. However, developing a comprehensive LCS program requires critical elements including obtaining institutional level buy-in, hiring necessary personnel, developing appropriate infrastructure and actively engaging primary care providers, subspecialty services, and radiology. The process required to connect such services to deliver an organized LCS program that reaches all eligible candidates must be individualized to each institution's needs and infrastructure. Here we provide detailed experiences from two successful LCS programs, one using a primary care provider-based service and the other using a consult-based service. In each case, we provide the pros and cons of each system. We propose that the decision to setup an ideal LCS program could include a hybrid design that combines aspects of each system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bujarski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA.
| | - Robert Flowers
- Department of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Dave Cuvi
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sneha Sathya
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Melcher
- Lung Precision Oncology Program, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Gregory Holt
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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30
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Yuan J, Sun Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Li D, Fan M, Bu X, Chen J, Wu Z, Geng H, Wu J, Xu Y, Chen M, Ren H. Development and validation of reassigned CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE-based models for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:686. [PMID: 35729538 PMCID: PMC9214980 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of lung cancer(LC) patients are diagnosed at advanced stage with a poor prognosis. However, there is still no ideal diagnostic and prognostic prediction model for lung cancer. METHODS Data of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE test of patients with LC and benign lung diseases (BLDs) or healthy people from Physical Examination Center was collected. Samples were divided into three data sets as needed. Reassign three kinds of tumor markers (TMs) according to their distribution characteristics in different populations. Diagnostic and prognostic models were thus established, and independent validation was conducted with other data sets. RESULTS The diagnostic prediction model showed good discrimination ability: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) differentiated LC from healthy people and BLDs (diagnosed within 2 months), being 0.88 and 0.84 respectively. Meanwhile, the prognostic prediction model did great in prediction: AUC in training data set and test data set were 0.85 and 0.8 respectively. CONCLUSION Reassigned CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE can effectively predict the diagnosis and prognosis of LC. Compared with the same TMs that were considered individually, this diagnostic prediction model can identify high-risk population for LC screening more accurately. The prognostic prediction model could be helpful in making more scientific treatment and follow-up plans for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Bu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shaanxi Health Information Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiquan Wu
- Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamei Wu
- Shaanxi Huizhong Kangyun Medical Information Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Office of Medical Information Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for the Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for the Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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31
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Diao K, Chen Y, Liu Y, Chen BJ, Li WJ, Zhang L, Qu YL, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wu M, Li K, Song B. Diagnostic study on clinical feasibility of an AI-based diagnostic system as a second reader on mobile CT images: a preliminary result. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:668. [PMID: 35845492 PMCID: PMC9279799 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has breathed new life into the lung nodules detection and diagnosis. However, whether the output information from AI will translate into benefits for clinical workflow or patient outcomes in a real-world setting remains unknown. This study was to demonstrate the feasibility of an AI-based diagnostic system deployed as a second reader in imaging interpretation for patients screened for pulmonary abnormalities in a clinical setting. Methods The study included patients from a lung cancer screening program conducted in Sichuan Province, China using a mobile computed tomography (CT) scanner which traveled to medium-size cities between July 10th, 2020 and September 10th, 2020. Cases that were suspected to have malignant nodules by junior radiologists, senior radiologists or AI were labeled a high risk (HR) tag as HR-junior, HR-senior and HR-AI, respectively, and included into final analysis. The diagnosis efficacy of the AI was evaluated by calculating negative predictive value and positive predictive value when referring to the senior readers’ final results as the gold standard. Besides, characteristics of the lesions were compared among cases with different HR labels. Results In total, 251/3,872 patients (6.48%, male/female: 91/160, median age, 66 years) with HR lung nodules were included. The AI algorithm achieved a negative predictive value of 88.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 62.2–98.0%] and a positive predictive value of 55.6% (95% CI: 49.0–62.0%). The diagnostic duration was significantly reduced when AI was used as a second reader (223±145.6 vs. 270±143.17 s, P<0.001). The information yielded by AI affected the radiologist’s decision-making in 35/145 cases. Lesions of HR cases had a higher volume [309.9 (214.9–732.5) vs. 141.3 (79.3–380.8) mm3, P<0.001], lower average CT number [−511.0 (−576.5 to −100.5) vs. −191.5 (−487.3 to 22.5), P=0.010], and pure ground glass opacity rather than solid. Conclusions The AI algorithm had high negative predictive value but low positive predictive value in diagnosing HR lung lesions in a clinical setting. Deploying AI as a second reader could help avoid missed diagnoses, reduce diagnostic duration, and strengthen diagnostic confidence for radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Diao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuntian Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Jiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-Jiang Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Li Qu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi MR Research Center, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Li
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital (West China Sanya Hospital of Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
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32
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Stone E, Leong TL. Contemporary Concise Review 2021: Pulmonary nodules from detection to intervention. Respirology 2022; 27:776-785. [PMID: 35581532 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The US Preventive Task Force (USPSTF) has updated screening criteria by expanding age range and reducing smoking history required for eligibility; the International Lung Screen Trial (ILST) data have shown that PLCOM2012 performs better for eligibility than USPSTF criteria. Screening adherence is low (4%-6% of potential eligible candidates in the United States) and depends upon multiple system and patient/candidate-related factors. Smoking cessation in lung cancer improves survival (past prospective trial data, updated meta-analysis data); smoking cessation is an essential component of lung cancer screening. Circulating biomarkers are emerging to optimize screening and early diagnosis. COVID-19 continues to affect lung cancer treatment and screening through delays and disruptions; specific operational challenges need to be met. Over 70% of suspected malignant lesions develop in the periphery of the lungs. Bronchoscopic navigational techniques have been steadily improving to allow greater accuracy with target lesion approximation and therefore diagnostic yield. Fibre-based imaging techniques provide real-time microscopic tumour visualization, with potential diagnostic benefits. With significant advances in peripheral lung cancer localization, bronchoscopically delivered ablative therapies are an emerging field in limited stage primary and oligometastatic disease. In advanced stage lung cancer, small-volume samples acquired through bronchoscopic techniques yield material of sufficient quantity and quality to support clinically relevant biomarker assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stone
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Lung Transplantation, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tracy L Leong
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Liang J, Guan X, Bao G, Yao Y, Zhong X. Molecular subtyping of small cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:450-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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34
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Silva M, Milanese G, Ledda RE, Nayak SM, Pastorino U, Sverzellati N. European lung cancer screening: valuable trial evidence for optimal practice implementation. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20200260. [PMID: 34995141 PMCID: PMC10993986 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer screening (LCS) by low-dose computed tomography is a strategy for secondary prevention of lung cancer. In the last two decades, LCS trials showed several options to practice secondary prevention in association with primary prevention, however, the translation from trial to practice is everything but simple. In 2020, the European Society of Radiology and European Respiratory Society published their joint statement paper on LCS. This commentary aims to provide the readership with detailed description about hurdles and potential solutions that could be encountered in the practice of LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Silva
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery
(DiMeC), University of Parma,
Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Milanese
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery
(DiMeC), University of Parma,
Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta E Ledda
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery
(DiMeC), University of Parma,
Parma, Italy
| | - Sundeep M Nayak
- Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern
California, San Leandro,
California, USA
| | - Ugo Pastorino
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale
Tumori, Milano,
Italy
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery
(DiMeC), University of Parma,
Parma, Italy
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35
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Nielsen AH, Fredberg U. Earlier diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100561. [PMID: 35489228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review options for more rapid diagnosis of lung cancer at an earlier stage, thereby improving survival. These options include screening, allowing general practitioners to refer patients directly to low-dose computed tomography scan instead of a chest X-ray and the abolition of the "visitation filter", i.e. hospital doctors' ability to reject referrals from general practitioners without prior discussion with the referring doctor.
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36
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Implementing lung cancer screening in Europe: taking a systems approach. JTO Clin Res Rep 2022; 3:100329. [PMID: 35601926 PMCID: PMC9121320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Europe. Screening by means of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can shift detection to an earlier stage and reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk individuals. However, to date, Poland, Croatia, Italy, and Romania are the only European countries to commit to large-scale implementation of targeted LDCT screening. Using a health systems approach, this article evaluates key factors needed to enable the successful implementation of screening programs across Europe. Recent literature on LDCT screening was reviewed for 10 countries (Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom) and complemented by 17 semistructured interviews with local experts. Research findings were mapped against a health systems framework adapted for lung cancer screening. The European policy landscape is highly variable, but potential barriers to implementation are similar across countries and consistent with those reported for other cancer screening programs. While consistent quality and safety of screening must be ensured across all screening centers, system factors are also important. These include appropriate data infrastructure, targeted recruitment methods that ensure equity in participation, sufficient capacity and workforce training, full integration of screening with multidisciplinary care pathways, and smoking cessation programs. Stigma and underlying perceptions of lung cancer as a self-inflicted condition are also important considerations. Building on decades of implementation research, governments now have a unique opportunity to establish effective, efficient, and equitable lung cancer screening programs adapted to their health systems, curbing the impact of lung cancer on their populations.
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37
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Spasic J, Cavic M, Stanic N, Zaric B, Kovacevic T, Radosavljevic D, Nagorni-Obradovic L. Low-Cost Genetic and Clinical Predictors of Response and Toxicity of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221111666. [PMID: 35783235 PMCID: PMC9247378 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate for the first time whether certain genetic and
clinical factors could serve as minimally invasive predictors of survival
and toxicity to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced lung
adenocarcinoma. Methods The study included 121 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with
platinum-based dublets until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Response
was evaluated using standard radiological methods and toxicity graded
according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)
v5.0. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Statistical significance was
set at P < .05. Results No significant influence of the examined polymorphisms on the occurrence of
high-grade toxicity was detected. However, TP53 72Pro allele carriers were
more prone to nausea (P = .037) and thrombocytopenia (P = .051). Anemia and
neuropathy occurred more frequently in XRCC1 399Arg allele carriers (Pearson
χ2 test, P = .025 and P = .004 respectively). RAD51 135CC carriers were
significantly more prone to neutropenia (P = .027). Conclusions A set of easily determined genetic and clinical predictors of survival and
specific toxicity profiles of platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced lung
adenocarcinoma were determined in this study, which might be useful for the
construction of population-specific, time- and cost-efficient prognostic and
predictive algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Spasic
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanic
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Bojan Zaric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Tomi Kovacevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Serbia
| | | | - Ljudmila Nagorni-Obradovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
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38
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Lin X, Wu J, Liu Y, Lin N, Hu J, Zhang B. Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Lung Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030948. [PMID: 35164213 PMCID: PMC8838081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Numerous drugs have been developed to treat lung cancer patients in recent years, whereas most of these drugs have undesirable adverse effects due to nonspecific distribution in the body. To address this problem, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems are imparted with unique characteristics and specifically deliver loaded drugs at lung cancer tissues on the basis of internal tumor microenvironment or external stimuli. This review summarized recent studies focusing on the smart carriers that could respond to light, ultrasound, pH, or enzyme, and provided a promising strategy for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Nengming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (N.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (N.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (B.Z.)
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Tang S, Qin C, Hu H, Liu T, He Y, Guo H, Yan H, Zhang J, Tang S, Zhou H. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030320. [PMID: 35159131 PMCID: PMC8834198 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is one of the most common types of malignances worldwide and the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Current treatment for NSCLC is based on surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, with poor therapeutic effectiveness. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have applied in NSCLC treatment. A large number of experimental studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors are safer and more effective than traditional therapeutic modalities and have allowed for the development of better guidance in the clinical treatment of advanced NSCLC patients. In this review, we describe clinical trials using ICI immunotherapies for NSCLC treatment, the available data on clinical efficacy, and the emerging evidence regarding biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Yiwei He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Hang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563002, China
| | - Shoujun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
| | - Haining Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining 629099, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563002, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
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40
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CT-Assisted Improvements in the Accuracy of the Intraoperative Frozen Section Examination of Ground-Glass Density Nodules. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8967643. [PMID: 35035526 PMCID: PMC8759914 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8967643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The intraoperative frozen section examination (IFSE) of pulmonary ground-glass density nodules (GGNs) is a great challenge. In the present study, through comparing the correlation between the computed tomography (CT) findings and pathological diagnosis of GGNs, the CT features as independent risk factors affecting the examination were defined, and their value in the rapid intraoperative examination of GGNs was explored. Methods. The relevant clinical data of 90 patients with GGNs on CT were collected, and all CT findings of GGNs, including the maximum transverse diameter, average CT value, spiculation, solid component, vascular sign, air sign, bronchus sign, lobulation, and pleural indentation, were recorded. All the cases received thoracoscopic surgery, and final pathological results were obtained. The cases were divided into three groups on the basis of pathological diagnosis: benign/atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)/microinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). The CT findings were analyzed statistically, the independent risk factors were identified through the intergroup bivariate logistic regression analysis on variables with statistically significant differences, and a receiver operating curve (ROC) was plotted to establish a logistic regression model for diagnosing GGNs. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the coincidence rate of the rapid intraoperative and routine postoperative pathological examinations of the 90 cases with GGNs. The relevant clinical data of 49 cases with GGNs were collected. Conventional rapid intraoperative examination and CT-assisted rapid intraoperative examination were performed, and their coincidence rates with routine postoperative pathological examinations were compared. Results. No statistical differences in the onset age, gender, smoking history, and family history of malignant tumors were found among cases with GGNs in the identification of benign/AAH, AIS/MIA, and IAC (
,
,
,
). No statistically significant difference was found among the three groups in terms of CT findings, such as lobulation, bronchus sign, pleural indentation, spiculation, vascular sign, and solid component (
). The air sign, the maximum transverse diameter of GGNs, and average CT value showed statistically significant differences among the groups (
,
,
). Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on three risk factors, and the predicted probability value was obtained. A ROC curve was plotted by using the maximum transverse diameter as a predictor for analysis between the groups with benign/AAH and AIS/MIA, and the results demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.692. A ROC curve was plotted by using the predicted probability value, maximum transverse diameter, and average CT value as predictors for distinguishing between the groups with AIS/MIA and IAC, and the results showed that the AUC values of the predicted probability value, maximum transverse diameter, and CT value were 0.920, 0.816, and 0.772, respectively. A regression model
was established to identify GGNs as IAC, obtaining AUC values of up to 0.920 for the groups with AIS/MIA and IAC, the sensitivity of 0.821, and the specificity of 0.894. The coincidence rate of rapid intraoperative and routine postoperative pathological examinations taken for modeling was 79.3%, that of conventional IFSE and postoperative pathological examination in prospective studies was 83.7%, and that of CT-assisted rapid intraoperative and postoperative pathological examinations was 98.0%. The former two were statistically different from the last one (
and
, respectively). Conclusion. The air sign, maximum transverse diameter, and average CT value of the CT findings of GGNs had superior capabilities to enhance the pathologic classification of GGNs. The auxiliary function of the comprehensive multifactor analysis of GGNs was better than that of single-factor analysis. CT-assisted diagnosis can improve the accuracy of rapid intraoperative examination, thereby increasing the accuracy of the selection of operative approaches in clinical practice.
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Galiatsatos P, Schreiber R, Green K, Shah R, Lee H, Feller-Kopman D, Yarmus L, Thiboutot J, Lin CT, Kanarek N. Improving lung cancer screening: An equitable strategy through a tobacco treatment clinic. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101558. [PMID: 34976626 PMCID: PMC8683889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual screening with low dose chest tomography has been adopted for those at high risk to aid in the early detection of lung cancer. In addition to screening, it is recommended that such persons receive evidence-based smoking-cessation. However, both lung cancer screening and evidence-based smoking-cessation strategies are underutilized in the US. We review the impact of a dedicated Tobacco Treatment Clinic (TTC), delivering evidence-based smoking cessation strategies, on lung cancer screening enrollment. Patients of the TTC, aged 50 years or older, having a minimum 20-pack-year smoking history were included. All patients had records reviewed to see if they had received lung cancer screening; if their lung cancer screening was achieved through the TTC, this was documented as “initial screening” versus “continued screening or surveillance”. Sociodemographic variables were collected as well. As for results, between January 2019 to February 2020, 92 patients enrolled in the TTC and fulfilled criteria for lung cancer screening. The mean age was 65.7 ± 8.3 years old, with 58 (63.0%) of the patients being female. Seventy-five (81.5%) patients were African American. Of the 92, 68 (73.9%) patients had lung cancer screening, with 51 patients receiving their first lung cancer screening scan through the TTC. In conclusion, through enrollment in a dedicated TTC, a significant proportion of patients were able to access lung cancer screening for the first time. Further, many of these patients were of minority status. Having a dedicated TTC may improve current health equity gaps in lung cancer screenings in certain US populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagis Galiatsatos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins Tobacco Treatment Clinic, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Office of Diversity, Inclusion, and Health Equity, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Corresponding author at: 4940 Eastern Avenue, 4th Floor, Asthma and Allergy Building, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Raiza Schreiber
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kamala Green
- Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore City, MD, United States
| | - Rohan Shah
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hans Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Feller-Kopman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lonny Yarmus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey Thiboutot
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cheng Ting Lin
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Norma Kanarek
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Outcomes of Positive and Suspicious Findings in Clinical CT Lung Cancer Screening and the Road Ahead. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 19:1371-1378. [PMID: 34818144 PMCID: PMC9353952 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202106-733oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Future optimization of computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening (CTLS) algorithms will depend on clinical outcomes data. Objectives To report the outcomes of positive and suspicious findings in a clinical CTLS program. Methods We retrospectively reviewed results for patients from our institution undergoing lung cancer screening from January 2012 through December 2018, with follow-up through December 2019. All exams were retrospectively rescored using Lung-RADS v1.1 (LR). Metrics assessed included positive, probably benign, and suspicious exam rates, frequency/nature of care escalation, and lung cancer detection rates after a positive, probably benign, and suspicious exam result and overall. We calculated time required to resolve suspicious exams as malignant or benign. Results were broken down by subcategories, reason for positive/suspicious designation, and screening round. Results During the study period 4,301 individuals underwent a total of 10,897 exams. The number of positive (13.9%), suspicious (5.5%), and significant incidental (6.4%) findings was significantly higher at baseline screening. Cancer detection and false-positive rates were 2.0% and 12.3% at baseline versus 1.3% and 5.1% across subsequent screening rounds, respectively. Baseline solid nodule(s) 6 to <8 mm were the only probably benign findings resulting in lung cancer detection within 12 months. New solid nodules 6 to <8 mm were the only LR category 4A (LR4A) findings falling within the LR predicted cancer detection range of 5–15% (12.8%). 38.5% of LR4A cancers were detected within 3 months. Conclusions Modification of the definition and suggested workup of positive and suspicious lung cancer screening findings appears warranted.
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Fan Y, Gao Z, Li X, Wei S, Yuan K. Gene expression and prognosis of x-ray repair cross-complementing family members in non-small cell lung cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6210-6228. [PMID: 34486486 PMCID: PMC8806547 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1964193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-ray repair cross-complementing gene (XRCC) family participates in DNA damage repair and its dysregulation is associated with the development and progression of a variety of cancers. However, XRCCs have not been systematically studied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine databases, we compared the expression levels of XRCCs between NSCLC and normal tissues and performed survival analysis using the data from TCGA. The correlations of XRCCs with the clinical parameters were then analyzed using UCSC Xena. Genetic alterations in XRCCs in NSCLC and their effects on the prognosis of patients were presented using cBioPortal. SurvivalMeth was used to explore the differentially methylated sites associated with NSCLC and their effect on prognosis. Next, the immunological correlations of XRCCs expression level were analyzed using TIMER 2.0. Finally, GeneMANIA was used to visualize and analyze the functionally relevant genes, while Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for functional and pathway enrichment analyses of prognostic genes. Our results revealed that XRCCs were overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses showed that XRCC4/5/6 were independent risk factors for LUAD. Additionally, genetic alterations, methylation, and immune cell infiltration demonstrated an association between XRCC4/5/6 and poor prognosis in LUAD. Finally, the KEGG-enriched and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways were shown to be associated with XRCC4/5/6. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that XRCC4/5/6 could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China
| | - Zhaojia Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China.,Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu China
| | - Shuzhang Wei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China.,Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China
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Singh AK, Sands JM. Yet Another Reminder of the Value of Lung Cancer Screening. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1437-1439. [PMID: 34425996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag K Singh
- Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Jacob M Sands
- Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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45
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Pelosi G, Pasini F. Over-Time Risk of Lung Cancer Is Largely Owing to Continuing Smoking Exposition: A Good Reason to Quit. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:e57-e59. [PMID: 34304855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Inter-Hospital Pathology Division, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Felice Pasini
- Oncology Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda (Verona), Italy
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