1
|
Karnam S, Maurya S, Ng E, Choudhary A, Thobani A, Flanagan JG, Gronert K. Dysregulation of neuroprotective lipoxin pathway in astrocytes in response to cytokines and ocular hypertension. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:58. [PMID: 38610040 PMCID: PMC11010376 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma leads to vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell death. Astrocyte reactivity contributes to neurodegeneration. Our recent study found that lipoxin B4 (LXB4), produced by retinal astrocytes, has direct neuroprotective actions on retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the autacoid LXB4 influences astrocyte reactivity in the retina under inflammatory cytokine-induced activation and during ocular hypertension. The protective activity of LXB4 was investigated in vivo using the mouse silicone-oil model of chronic ocular hypertension. By employing a range of analytical techniques, including bulk RNA-seq, RNAscope in-situ hybridization, qPCR, and lipidomic analyses, we discovered the formation of lipoxins and expression of the lipoxin pathway in rodents (including the retina and optic nerve), primates (optic nerve), and human brain astrocytes, indicating the presence of this neuroprotective pathway across various species. Findings in the mouse retina identified significant dysregulation of the lipoxin pathway in response to chronic ocular hypertension, leading to an increase in 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity and a decrease in 15-LOX activity. This dysregulation was coincident with a marked upregulation of astrocyte reactivity. Reactive human brain astrocytes also showed a significant increase in 5-LOX. Treatment with LXB4 amplified the lipoxin biosynthetic pathway by restoring and amplifying the generation of another member of the lipoxin family, LXA4, and mitigated astrocyte reactivity in mouse retinas and human brain astrocytes. In conclusion, the lipoxin pathway is functionally expressed in rodents, primates, and human astrocytes, and is a resident neuroprotective pathway that is downregulated in reactive astrocytes. Novel cellular targets for LXB4's neuroprotective action are inhibition of astrocyte reactivity and restoration of lipoxin generation. Amplifying the lipoxin pathway is a potential target to disrupt or prevent astrocyte reactivity in neurodegenerative diseases, including retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Karnam
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shubham Maurya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elainna Ng
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amodini Choudhary
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arzin Thobani
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John G Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad Z, Singh S, Lee TJ, Sharma A, Lydic TA, Giri S, Kumar A. Untargeted and temporal analysis of retinal lipidome in bacterial endophthalmitis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106806. [PMID: 38185280 PMCID: PMC10939753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial endophthalmitis is a blinding infectious disease typically acquired during ocular surgery. We previously reported significant alterations in retinal metabolism during Staphylococcus (S) aureus endophthalmitis. However, the changes in retinal lipid composition during endophthalmitis are unknown. Here, using a mouse model of S. aureus endophthalmitis and an untargeted lipidomic approach, we comprehensively analyzed temporal alterations in total lipids and oxylipin in retina. Our data showed a time-dependent increase in the levels of lipid classes, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, sterols, and non-esterified fatty acids, whereas levels of phospholipids decreased. Among lipid subclasses, phosphatidylcholine decreased over time. The oxylipin analysis revealed increased prostaglandin-E2, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and α-linolenic acid. In-vitro studies using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages showed increased lipid droplets and lipid-peroxide formation in response to S. aureus infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that S. aureus-infection alters the retinal lipid profile, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial endophthalmitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sukhvinder Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences/ Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maurya S, Lin M, Karnam S, Singh T, Kumar M, Ward E, Flanagan JG, Gronert K. Regulation of Diseases-Associated Microglia in the Optic Nerve by Lipoxin B 4 and Ocular Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585452. [PMID: 38562864 PMCID: PMC10983965 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The resident astrocyte-retinal ganglion cell (RGC) lipoxin circuit is impaired during retinal stress, which includes ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. Lipoxin B4 produced by homeostatic astrocytes directly acts on RGCs to increase survival and function in ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. RGC death in the retina and axonal degeneration in the optic nerve are driven by the complex interactions between microglia and macroglia. Whether LXB4 neuroprotective actions include regulation of other cell types in the retina and/or optic nerve is an important knowledge gap. Methods Cellular targets and signaling of LXB4 in the retina were defined by single-cell RNA sequencing. Retinal neurodegeneration was induced by injecting silicone oil into the anterior chamber of the mouse eyes, which induced sustained and stable ocular hypertension. Morphological characterization of microglia populations in the retina and optic nerve was established by MorphOMICs and pseudotime trajectory analyses. The pathways and mechanisms of action of LXB4 in the optic nerve were investigated using bulk RNA sequencing. Transcriptomics data was validated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Differences between experimental groups was assessed by Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results Single-cell transcriptomics identified microglia as a primary target for LXB4 in the healthy retina. LXB4 downregulated genes that drive microglia environmental sensing and reactivity responses. Analysis of microglial function revealed that ocular hypertension induced distinct, temporally defined, and dynamic phenotypes in the retina and, unexpectedly, in the distal myelinated optic nerve. Microglial expression of CD74, a marker of disease-associated microglia in the brain, was only induced in a unique population of optic nerve microglia, but not in the retina. Genetic deletion of lipoxin formation correlated with the presence of a CD74 optic nerve microglia population in normotensive eyes, while LXB4 treatment during ocular hypertension shifted optic nerve microglia toward a homeostatic morphology and non-reactive state and downregulated the expression of CD74. Furthermore, we identified a correlation between CD74 and phospho-phosphoinositide 3-kinases (p-PI3K) expression levels in the optic nerve, which was reduced by LXB4 treatment. Conclusion We identified early and dynamic changes in the microglia functional phenotype, reactivity, and induction of a unique CD74 microglia population in the distal optic nerve as key features of ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration. Our findings establish microglia regulation as a novel LXB4 target in the retina and optic nerve. LXB4 maintenance of a homeostatic optic nerve microglia phenotype and inhibition of a disease-associated phenotype are potential neuroprotective mechanisms for the resident LXB4 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Maurya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maggie Lin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Shruthi Karnam
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Tanirika Singh
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Matangi Kumar
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Emily Ward
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - John G Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basu SK, Prislovsky A, Lenchik N, Stephenson DJ, Agarwal R, Chalfant CE, Mandal N. Mouse Model of Nitrogen Mustard Ocular Surface Injury Characterization and Sphingolipid Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:742. [PMID: 38255815 PMCID: PMC10815872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vesicating chemicals like sulfur mustard (SM) or nitrogen mustard (NM) can cause devastating damage to the eyes, skin, and lungs. Eyes, being the most sensitive, have complicated pathologies that can manifest immediately after exposure (acute) and last for years (chronic). No FDA-approved drug is available to be used as medical counter measures (MCMs) against such injuries. Understanding the pathological mechanisms in acute and chronic response of the eye is essential for developing effective MCMs. Here, we report the clinical and histopathological characterization of a mouse model of NM-induced ocular surface injury (entire surface) developed by treating the eye with 2% (w/v) NM solution for 5 min. Unlike the existing models of specific injury, our model showed severe ocular inflammation, including the eyelids, structural deformity of the corneal epithelium and stroma, and diminished visual and retinal functions. We also observed alterations of the inflammatory markers and their expression at different phases of the injury, along with an activation of acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase), causing an increase in bioactive sphingolipid ceramide and a reduction in sphingomyelin levels. This novel ocular surface mouse model recapitulated the injuries reported in human, rabbit, and murine SM or NM injury models. NM exposure of the entire ocular surface in mice, which is similar to accidental or deliberate exposure in humans, showed severe ocular inflammation and caused irreversible alterations to the corneal structure and significant vision loss. It also showed an intricate interplay between inflammatory markers over the injury period and alteration in sphingolipid homeostasis in the early acute phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K. Basu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.B.); (A.P.); (N.L.)
| | - Amanda Prislovsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.B.); (A.P.); (N.L.)
- Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
| | - Nataliya Lenchik
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.B.); (A.P.); (N.L.)
| | - Daniel J. Stephenson
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (D.J.S.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Charles E. Chalfant
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (D.J.S.); (C.E.C.)
- Research Service, Richmond Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.B.); (A.P.); (N.L.)
- Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karnam S, Maurya S, Ng E, Choudhary A, Thobani A, Flanagan JG, Gronert K. Dysregulation of Neuroprotective Lipoxin Pathway in Astrocytes in Response to Cytokines and Ocular Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.22.546157. [PMID: 37425861 PMCID: PMC10327029 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.546157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma leads to vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell death. Astrocyte reactivity contributes to neurodegeneration. Our recent study found that lipoxin B4 (LXB4), produced by retinal astrocytes, has direct neuroprotective actions on retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the autacoid LXB4 influences astrocyte activity in the retina under inflammatory cytokine-induced activation and during ocular hypertension. The protective activity of LXB4 was investigated in vivo using the mouse silicone-oil model of chronic ocular hypertension (n=40). By employing a range of analytical techniques, including bulk RNA-seq, RNAscope in-situ hybridization, qPCR, and lipidomic analyses, we discovered the formation of lipoxins and expression of the lipoxin pathway in rodents (including the retina and optic nerve), primates (optic nerve), and human brain astrocytes, indicating the presence of this neuroprotective pathway across various species. Findings in the mouse retina identified significant dysregulation of the lipoxin pathway in response to chronic ocular hypertension, leading to an increase in 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity and a decrease in 15-LOX activity. This dysregulation was coincident with a marked upregulation of astrocyte reactivity. Reactive human brain astrocytes also showed a significant increase in 5-LOX. Treatment with LXB4 amplified the lipoxin biosynthetic pathway by restoring and amplifying the generation of another member of the lipoxin family, LXA4, and mitigated astrocyte reactivity in mouse retinas and human brain astrocytes. In conclusion, the lipoxin pathway is functionally expressed in rodents, primates, and human astrocytes, and is a resident neuroprotective pathway that is downregulated in reactive astrocytes. Novel cellular targets for LXB4's neuroprotective action are inhibition of astrocyte reactivity and restoration of lipoxin generation. Amplifying the lipoxin pathway is a potential target to disrupt or prevent astrocyte reactivity in neurodegenerative diseases, including retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Karnam
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Shubham Maurya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | | | - Amodini Choudhary
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Arzin Thobani
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - John G Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He J, Pham TL, Kakazu AH, Ponnath A, Do KV, Bazan HEP. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) Reduces Alkali-Induced Corneal Inflammation and Neovascularization and Upregulates a Repair Transcriptome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050831. [PMID: 37238701 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of the bioactive lipid mediator LXA4 on a rat model of severe corneal alkali injury. METHODS To induce a corneal alkali injury in the right eyes of anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. They were injured with a Φ 4 mm filter paper disc soaked in 1 N NaOH placed on the center of the cornea. After injury, the rats were treated topically with LXA4 (65 ng/20 μL) or vehicle three times a day for 14 days. Corneal opacity, neovascularization (NV), and hyphema were recorded and evaluated in a blind manner. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and genes involved in cornel repair were assayed by RNA sequencing and capillary Western blot. Cornea cell infiltration and monocytes isolated from the blood were analyzed by immunofluorescence and by flow cytometry. RESULTS Topical treatment with LXA4 for two weeks significantly reduced corneal opacity, NV, and hyphema compared to the vehicle treatment. RNA-seq and Western blot results showed that LXA4 decreased the gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and pro-angiogenic mediators matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA). It also induces genes involved in keratinization and ErbB signaling and downregulates immune pathways to stimulate wound healing. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed significantly less infiltration of neutrophils in the corneas treated with LXA4 compared to vehicle treatment. It also revealed that LXA4 treatment increases the proportion of type 2 macrophages (M2) compared to M1 in blood-isolated monocytes. CONCLUSIONS LXA4 decreases corneal inflammation and NV induced by a strong alkali burn. Its mechanism of action includes inhibition of inflammatory leukocyte infiltration, reduction in cytokine release, suppression of angiogenic factors, and promotion of corneal repair gene expression and macrophage polarization in blood from alkali burn corneas. LXA4 has potential as a therapeutic candidate for severe corneal chemical injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiucheng He
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Thang L Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- HENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Azucena H Kakazu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Abhilash Ponnath
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Khanh V Do
- Faculty of Medicine, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dai H, Zhang Y, Wu X, Li Y, Wang L, Li G. Corneal deposits and nerve alterations in Bietti Corneoretinal Crystalline Dystrophy imaged using in vivo confocal microscopy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s00417-023-05987-5. [PMID: 36786828 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-05987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the imaging features of corneal deposits and nerve alterations in Chinese patients with Bietti Corneoretinal Crystalline Dystrophy (BCD) using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). METHODS Twenty patients with BCD and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this retrospective, observational study. Corneal deposits and sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) were observed by IVCM. Parameters of SNP including total nerve density/number, main nerve trunk density/number, and branch nerve density/number were analyzed by Neuron J. RESULTS Corneal deposits were observed in both eyes of all patients by IVCM. These crystals appeared as dot-shaped, needle-shaped, and rod-shaped hyperreflective bodies and were located not only in the sub-epithelium and stroma of cornea, but in endothelium which were not reported before. There was a decrease of total nerve density (P < 0.001), main nerve trunk density (P = 0.007), and branch nerve density (P = 0.001), in BCD compared to controls. The number of total nerves/frame (P = 0.001), main nerve trunks/frame (P = 0.005), and branch nerves/frame (P = 0.006) in BCD were lower than controls. CONCLUSION New findings in locations of corneal crystals by IVCM expand the phenotype spectrum of BCD. Corneal deposits may be useful for diagnosis of BCD, especially ones without retinal deposits. Corneal nerve parameters were reduced in BCD, which may provide new insights to be further explored to contribute to our understanding of BCD. IVCM is a promising tool to evaluate corneal deposits and nerve alterations in BCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Dai
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, 17 Hou Gou Lane, Chong Nei Street, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xingzhi Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lianghai Wang
- Beijing Jiangong Hospital, No.6 Rufuli, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Genlin Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and corneal nerve health: Current evidence and future directions. Ocul Surf 2023; 27:1-12. [PMID: 36328309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Corneal nerves play a key role in maintaining ocular surface integrity. Corneal nerve damage, from local or systemic conditions, can lead to ocular discomfort, pain, and, if poorly managed, neurotrophic keratopathy. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential dietary components that play a key role in neural development, maintenance, and function. Their potential application in modulating ocular and systemic inflammation has been widely reported. Omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites also have neuroprotective properties and can confer benefit in neurodegenerative disease. Several preclinical studies have shown that topical administration of omega-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators promote corneal nerve recovery following corneal surgery. Dietary omega-3 PUFA supplementation can also reduce corneal epithelial nerve loss and promote corneal nerve regeneration in diabetes. Omega-3 PUFAs and their lipid mediators thus show promise as therapeutic approaches to modulate corneal nerve health in ocular and systemic disease. This review discusses the role of dietary omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining ocular surface health and summarizes the possible applications of omega-3 PUFAs in the management of ocular and systemic conditions that cause corneal nerve damage. In examining the current evidence, this review also highlights relatively underexplored applications of omega-3 PUFAs in conferring neuroprotection and addresses their therapeutic potential in mediating corneal nerve regeneration.
Collapse
|
9
|
Potential Properties of Natural Nutraceuticals and Antioxidants in Age-Related Eye Disorders. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010077. [PMID: 36676026 PMCID: PMC9863869 DOI: 10.3390/life13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eye health is crucial, and the onset of diseases can reduce vision and affect the quality of life of patients. The main causes of progressive and irreversible vision loss include various pathologies, such as cataracts, ocular atrophy, corneal opacity, age-related macular degeneration, uncorrected refractive error, posterior capsular opacification, uveitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, undetermined disease and other disorders involving oxidative stress and inflammation. The eyes are constantly exposed to the external environment and, for this reason, must be protected from damage from the outside. Many drugs, including cortisonics and antinflammatory drugs have widely been used to counteract eye disorders. However, recent advances have been obtained via supplementation with natural antioxidants and nutraceuticals for patients. In particular, evidence has accumulated that polyphenols (mostly deriving from Citrus Bergamia) represent a reliable source of antioxidants able to counteract oxidative stress accompanying early stages of eye diseases. Luteolin in particular has been found to protect photoreceptors, thereby improving vision in many disease states. Moreover, a consistent anti-inflammatory response was found to occur when curcumin is used alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals. Additionally, Coenzyme Q10 has been demonstrated to produce a consistent effect in reducing ocular pressure, thereby leading to protection in patients undergoing glaucoma. Finally, both grape seed extract, rich in anthocyanosides, and polynsatured fatty acids seem to contribute to the prevention of retinal disorders. Thus, a combination of nutraceuticals and antioxidants may represent the right solution for a multi-action activity in eye protection, in association with current drug therapies, and this will be of potential interest in early stages of eye disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Paranjpe V, Galor A, Grambergs R, Mandal N. The role of sphingolipids in meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular surface inflammation. Ocul Surf 2022; 26:100-110. [PMID: 35973562 PMCID: PMC10259413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs in response to tissue injury and invasion of microorganisms and is carried out by the innate and adaptive immune systems, which are regulated by numerous chemokines, cytokines, and lipid mediators. There are four major families of bioactive lipid mediators that play an integral role in inflammation - eicosanoids, sphingolipids (SPL), specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), and endocannabinoids. SPL have been historically recognized as important structural components of cellular membranes; their roles as bioactive lipids and inflammatory mediators are recent additions. Major SPL metabolites, including sphingomyelin, ceramide, ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and their respective enzymes have been studied extensively, primarily in cell-culture and animal models, for their roles in cellular signaling and regulating inflammation and apoptosis. Less focus has been given to the involvement of SPL in eye diseases. As such, the aim of this review was to examine relationships between the SPL family and ocular surface diseases, focusing on their role in disease pathophysiology and discussing the potential of therapeutics that disrupt SPL pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Paranjpe
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL, 33125, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Richard Grambergs
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Hamilton Eye Institute, 930 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Hamilton Eye Institute, 930 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA; Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gronert K, Modi A, Asfaha K, Chen S, Dow E, Joslin S, Chemaly M, Fadli Z, Sonoda L, Liang B. Silicone hydrogel contact lenses retain and document ocular surface lipid mediator profiles. Clin Exp Optom 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35658852 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE A leading reason for patients to abandon their contact lenses is discomfort. Mechanisms and biomarkers for lens discomfort remain to be elucidated. BACKGROUND Physical stress and tear film interaction are likely factors for lens discomfort. Lipid mediators are generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They regulate ocular surface physiology and pathophysiology, are constituents of human tears and may interact with contact lenses. This study set out to determine if hydrogel lenses and silicone hydrogel lenses interact with tear film polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived mediators. METHODS In vitro incubations, rat experiments and analysis of worn human lenses assessed polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediator interactions with lenses. Silicone hydrogel and hydrogel lenses were incubated with lipid mediators and polyunsaturated fatty acids up to 24 hours. Rats were fitted with custom silicone hydrogel lenses and basal tears collected. Silicone hydrogel lenses worn for 2 weeks were obtained from 57 human subjects. Tear and lens lipidomes were quantified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Silicone hydrogel lenses retained polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators within 15 minutes in vitro. Lenses contained 90% of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and 83-89% of total monohydroxy fatty acids by 12 hours. Retention correlated with polarity of lipid mediators and lipophilic properties of silicone hydrogel lenses. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators such as lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids were present in tears and worn lenses from rats. Worn silicone hydrogel lenses from human subjects established robust and lens-type specific lipidomes with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipoxygenase-pathway markers and subject-specific differences in lipoxin A4 and leukotriene B4. CONCLUSION Worn silicone hydrogel lenses rapidly retain and accumulate tear polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators. Marked subject and lens type differences in the lipidome may document changes in ocular surface physiology, cell activation or infection that are associated with lens wear. If contact lens discomfort and adverse events induce specific tear and lens fatty acid and lipid mediator profiles warrants further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arnav Modi
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kaleb Asfaha
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Chen
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dow
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Scott Joslin
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mike Chemaly
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zohra Fadli
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leilani Sonoda
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bailin Liang
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kytikova OY, Denisenko YK, Novgorodtseva TP, Bocharova NV, Kovalenko IS. [Fatty acid epoxides in the regulation of the inflammation]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:177-189. [PMID: 35717582 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226803177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase derived lipid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as their role in the inflammation, have been studied quite thoroughly. However, cytochrome P450 derived lipid mediators, as well as their participation in the regulation of the inflammation, need deeper understanding. In recent years, it has become known that PUFAs are oxidized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases to epoxy fatty acids, which act as the extremely powerful lipid mediators involved in resolving inflammation. Recent studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ω-3 PUFAs are also mediated by their conversion to the endocannabinoid epoxides. Thus, it is clear that a number of therapeutically relevant functions of PUFAs are due to their conversion to PUFA epoxides. However, with the participation of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases, not only PUFA epoxides, but also other metabolites are formed. They are further are converted by epoxide hydrolases into pro-inflammatory dihydroxy fatty acids and anti-inflammatory dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. The study of the role of PUFA epoxides in the regulation of the inflammation and pharmacological modeling of the activity of epoxide hydrolases are the promising strategies for the treatment of the inflammatory diseases. This review systematizes the current literature data of the fatty acid epoxides, in particular, the endocannabinoid epoxides. Their role in the regulation of inflammation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Y Kytikova
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Y K Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - T P Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - N V Bocharova
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - I S Kovalenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Y, Wang S, Alemi H, Dohlman T, Dana R. Immune regulation of the ocular surface. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:109007. [PMID: 35257715 PMCID: PMC9050918 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite constant exposure to various environmental stimuli, the ocular surface remains intact and uninflamed while maintaining the transparency of the cornea and its visual function. This 'immune privilege' of the ocular surface is not simply a result of the physical barrier function of the mucosal lining but, more importantly, is actively maintained through a variety of immunoregulatory mechanisms that prevent the disruption of immune homeostasis. In this review, we focus on essential molecular and cellular players that promote immune quiescence in steady-state conditions and suppress inflammation in disease-states. Specifically, we examine the interactions between the ocular surface and its local draining lymphoid compartment, by encompassing the corneal epithelium, corneal nerves and cornea-resident myeloid cells, conjunctival goblet cells, and regulatory T cells (Treg) in the context of ocular surface autoimmune inflammation (dry eye disease) and alloimmunity (corneal transplantation). A better understanding of the immunoregulatory mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel, targeted immunomodulatory strategies for a broad range of ocular surface inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hamid Alemi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Thomas Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|