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IgG Fc Affinity Ligands and Their Applications in Antibody-Involved Drug Delivery: A Brief Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010187. [PMID: 36678816 PMCID: PMC9862274 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are not only an important class of biotherapeutic drugs, but also are targeting moieties for achieving active targeting drug delivery. Meanwhile, the rapidly increasing application of antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins has inspired the emerging development of downstream processing technologies. Thus, IgG Fc affinity ligands have come into being and have been widely exploited in antibody purification strategies. Given the high binding affinity and specificity to IgGs, binding stability in physiological medium conditions, and favorable toxicity and immunogenicity profiles, Fc affinity ligands are gradually applied to antibody delivery, non-covalent antibody-drug conjugates or antibody-mediated active-targeted drug delivery systems. In this review, we will briefly introduce IgG affinity ligands that are widely used at present and summarize their diverse applications in the field of antibody-involved drug delivery. The challenges and outlook of these systems are also discussed.
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Dostalova S, Cerna T, Hynek D, Koudelkova Z, Vaculovic T, Kopel P, Hrabeta J, Heger Z, Vaculovicova M, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Adam V. Site-Directed Conjugation of Antibodies to Apoferritin Nanocarrier for Targeted Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14430-14441. [PMID: 27219717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel approach for targeting of ubiquitous protein apoferritin (APO)-encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) to prostate cancer using antibodies against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The conjugation of anti-PSMA antibodies and APO was carried out using HWRGWVC heptapeptide, providing their site-directed orientation. The prostate-cancer-targeted and nontargeted nanocarriers were tested using LNCaP and HUVEC cell lines. A total of 90% of LNCaP cells died after treatment with DOX (0.25 μM) or DOX in nontargeted and prostate-cancer-targeted APO, proving that the encapsulated DOX toxicity for LNCaP cells remained the same. Free DOX showed higher toxicity for nonmalignant cells, whereas the toxicity was lower after treatment with the same dosage of APO-encapsulated DOX (APODOX) and even more in prostate-cancer-targeted APODOX. Hemolytic assay revealed exceptional hemocompatibility of the entire nanocarrier. The APO encapsulation mechanism ensures applicability using a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs, and the presented surface modification enables targeting to various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dostalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cerna
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol , V Uvalu 84/1, Prague 5 CZ-150 06, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 CZ-128 43, Czech Republic
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koudelkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vaculovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kotlarska 2, Brno CZ-611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrabeta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol , V Uvalu 84/1, Prague 5 CZ-150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol , V Uvalu 84/1, Prague 5 CZ-150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 CZ-128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
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Vergara-Alert J, Argilaguet JM, Busquets N, Ballester M, Martín-Valls GE, Rivas R, López-Soria S, Solanes D, Majó N, Segalés J, Veljkovic V, Rodríguez F, Darji A. Conserved synthetic peptides from the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses induce broad humoral and T-cell responses in a pig model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40524. [PMID: 22815759 PMCID: PMC3398042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks involving either H5N1 or H1N1 influenza viruses (IV) have recently become an increasing threat to cause potential pandemics. Pigs have an important role in this aspect. As reflected in the 2009 human H1N1 pandemia, they may act as a vehicle for mixing and generating new assortments of viruses potentially pathogenic to animals and humans. Lack of universal vaccines against the highly variable influenza virus forces scientists to continuously design vaccines à la carte, which is an expensive and risky practice overall when dealing with virulent strains. Therefore, we focused our efforts on developing a broadly protective influenza vaccine based on the Informational Spectrum Method (ISM). This theoretical prediction allows the selection of highly conserved peptide sequences from within the hemagglutinin subunit 1 protein (HA1) from either H5 or H1 viruses which are located in the flanking region of the HA binding site and with the potential to elicit broader immune responses than conventional vaccines. Confirming the theoretical predictions, immunization of conventional farm pigs with the synthetic peptides induced humoral responses in every single pig. The fact that the induced antibodies were able to recognize in vitro heterologous influenza viruses such as the pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1), two swine influenza field isolates (SwH1N1 and SwH3N2) and a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian virus, confirm the broad recognition of the antibodies induced. Unexpectedly, all pigs also showed T-cell responses that not only recognized the specific peptides, but also the pH1N1 virus. Finally, a partial effect on the kinetics of virus clearance was observed after the intranasal infection with the pH1N1 virus, setting forth the groundwork for the design of peptide-based vaccines against influenza viruses. Further insights into the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the protection afforded will be necessary to optimize future vaccine formulations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibody Specificity
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Conserved Sequence
- Dogs
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunization
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/physiology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Species Specificity
- Swine
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/chemistry
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virus Replication/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
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Samayoa L, Diaz-Mitoma F, Azizi A. Characterization of a branched lipopeptide candidate vaccine against influenza A/Puerto Rico 8/34 which is recognized by human B and T-cell immune responses. Virol J 2011; 8:309. [PMID: 21679444 PMCID: PMC3145593 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic peptides as immunogens represents an exciting alternative to traditional vaccines. However, to date most of these synthetic peptides are not highly immunogenic. The lack of immunogenicity might be addressed by conjugation between T or B cell epitopes with universal or immunodominant T-helper epitopes. The construction of lipidated peptides, branched peptides, or designs combining both of these elements might enhance the immunogenicity, as they might target Toll-Like Receptors and/or mimic the 3-dimensional structure of epitopes within the native protein. Herein, a recognized peptide immunogen based on the hemagglutinin protein of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 was chosen as a backbone and modified to evaluate if the construction of branched peptides, lipidation, the addition of cysteine residues, or mutations could indeed alter epitope reactivity. Screening the different designs with various antibody binding and cellular assays revealed that combining a branched design with the addition of lipid moieties greatly enhanced the immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Samayoa
- Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research Center, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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Innovative bioinformatic approaches for developing peptide-based vaccines against hypervariable viruses. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 89:81-9. [PMID: 20458336 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of the fields of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics to vaccine design has been recently labeled 'vaccinomics'. This newly named area of vaccine research, heavily intertwined with bioinformatics, seems to be leading the charge in developing novel vaccines for currently unmet medical needs against hypervariable viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C and emerging avian and swine influenza. Some of the more recent bioinformatic approaches in the area of vaccine research include the use of epitope determination and prediction algorithms for exploring the use of peptide epitopes as vaccine immunogens. This paper briefly discusses and explores some current uses of bioinformatics in vaccine design toward the pursuit of peptide vaccines for hypervariable viruses. The various informatics and vaccine design strategies attempted by other groups toward hypervariable viruses will also be briefly examined, along with the strategy used by our group in the design and synthesis of peptide immunogens for candidate HIV and influenza vaccines.
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Alvarez MM, López-Pacheco F, Aguilar-Yañez JM, Portillo-Lara R, Mendoza-Ochoa GI, García-Echauri S, Freiden P, Schultz-Cherry S, Zertuche-Guerra MI, Bulnes-Abundis D, Salgado-Gallegos J, Elizondo-Montemayor L, Hernández-Torre M. Specific recognition of influenza A/H1N1/2009 antibodies in human serum: a simple virus-free ELISA method. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10176. [PMID: 20418957 PMCID: PMC2854694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it has been estimated that pandemic Influenza A H1N1/2009 has infected millions of people from April to October 2009, a more precise figure requires a worldwide large-scale diagnosis of the presence of Influenza A/H1N1/2009 antibodies within the population. Assays typically used to estimate antibody titers (hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization) would require the use of the virus, which would seriously limit broad implementation. Methodology/Principal Findings An ELISA method to evaluate the presence and relative concentration of specific Influenza A/H1N1/2009 antibodies in human serum samples is presented. The method is based on the use of a histidine-tagged recombinant fragment of the globular region of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the Influenza A H1N1/2009 virus expressed in E. coli. Conclusions/Significance The ELISA method consistently discerns between Inf A H1N1 infected and non-infected subjects, particularly after the third week of infection/exposure. Since it does not require the use of viral particles, it can be easily and quickly implemented in any basic laboratory. In addition, in a scenario of insufficient vaccine availability, the use of this ELISA could be useful to determine if a person has some level of specific antibodies against the virus and presumably at least partial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, New León, México.
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