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Enomoto A, Ichikawa K. Research and Development of Preclinical Overhauser-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1094-1110. [PMID: 35369734 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Imaging free radicals, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, can be useful for understanding the pathology of diseases in animal disease models, as they are related to various physiological functions or diseases. Among the methods used for imaging free radicals, Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OMRI) has a short image acquisition time and high spatial resolution. Therefore, OMRI is used to obtain various biological parameters. In this study, we review the methodology for improving the biological OMRI system and its applications. Recent Advances: The sensitivity of OMRI systems has been enhanced significantly to allow the visualization of various biological parameters, such as redox state, partial oxygen pressure, and pH, in different body parts of small animals, using spin probes. Furthermore, both endogenous free radicals and exogenous free radicals present in drugs can be visualized using OMRI. Critical Issues: To acquire accurate biological parameters at a high resolution, it is essential to increase the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) excitation efficiency and achieve a high enhancement factor. In addition, the size and magnetic field strength also need to be optimized for the measurement target. Future Directions: The advancement of in vivo OMRI techniques will be useful for understanding the pathology, diagnosis, and evaluation of therapeutic effects of drugs in various disease models. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1094-1110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Enomoto
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
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2
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Diabetic Kidney Disease—How Deep Can We Go? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810413. [PMID: 36142323 PMCID: PMC9499602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and multiple underlying mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) have been described. Although various treatments and diagnosis applications are available, DN remains a clinical and economic burden, considering that about 40% of type 2 diabetes patients will develop nephropathy. In the past years, some research found that hypoxia response and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) HIF-1, HIF-2, and HIF-3 are the main mediators of metabolic responses to the state of hypoxia, which seems to be the one of the earliest events in the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The abnormal activity of HIFs seems to be of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of diseases, including nephropathies. Studies using transcriptome analysis confirmed by metabolome analysis revealed that HIF stabilizers (HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors) are novel therapeutic agents used to treat anemia in CKD patients that not only increase endogenous erythropoietin production, but also could act by counteracting the metabolic alterations in incipient diabetic kidney disease and relieve oxidative stress in the renal tissue. In this review, we present the newest data regarding hypoxia response and HIF involvement in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and new therapeutic insights, starting from improving kidney oxygen homeostasis.
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Sun H, Cao M, Zhang P, Tian X, Lu M, Du L, Xue K, Cui G. Magnetic-Field-Enhanced H 2S Sensitivity of Cu 2O/NiO Heterostructure Ordered Nanoarrays. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1903-1911. [PMID: 35729782 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetism is a promising external intervention for gas sensitivity based on a heterogeneous interfacial structure caused by the regulation of the heterogeneous interface conductivity and the surface oxygen adsorption. In this study, Cu2O/NiO heterostructure-ordered nanoarrays were prepared with a two-dimensional (2D) electrodeposition in situ assembly method for H2S gas detection at room temperature under the action of a magnetic field. The nanoarrays were multibarrier structures with a strictly periodic structure that was greater than hundreds of microns in size. The experimental data confirmed that the response of 50 ppm of H2S based on the nanoarrays was improved by nearly 61% with a relatively weak magnetic field. Particularly at a low concentration (≤20 ppm), the effect of the magnetic field enhancement on the sensitivity was more obvious. We attributed the enhancement of the gas sensitivity with the magnetic field to the regulation of the Cu2O-NiO interface conductance and the surface oxygen adsorption. This study demonstrated that a magnetic field could significantly enhance the gas sensitivity based on heterostructures. Results of this study provide an important reference for the application of magnetism in gas detection and the design of new gas-sensitive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Meng Cao
- School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Pinhua Zhang
- School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Manli Lu
- School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Lulu Du
- School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Kaifeng Xue
- School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Guangliang Cui
- School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
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Yasukawa K. Redox-Based Theranostics of Gastric Ulcers Using Nitroxyl Radicals. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:160-171. [PMID: 34498915 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox-based theranostics involves redox monitoring and therapeutics that normalize redox imbalance. It may be a promising approach to markedly improve a patient's quality of life through streamlined treatment. Nitroxyl radicals are useful for both redox monitoring and treating gastric ulcers in rodents. Recent Advances: Redox monitoring using in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in a gastric ulcer rat model showed the production of reactive oxygen species in the whole stomach. A combination of Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nitroxyl radicals provided high-resolution images of redox imbalance in the stomach of rats with a gastric ulcer. Treatment with nitroxyl radicals was effective to treat ulcers that were formed using model experiments of Helicobacter pylori and mental stress as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Critical Issues: For redox monitoring using Overhauser-enhanced MRI, the EPR irradiation power that is delivered to subjects must be within the range of the specific absorption rate regulation to protect against microwave damage regardless of a decrease in image contrast. The effect of long-term treatment with a nitroxyl radical in patients with a gastric ulcer remains unclear. Future Directions: Further research on redox-based theranostics in redox-related diseases, including gastric ulcers, would be accelerated by improving the redox imager and by developing functional nitroxyl radicals that localize in the target organ, tissue, or cell and that have specific reactivity for the redox-related biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Yasukawa
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cheng YQ, Yue YX, Cao HM, Geng WC, Wang LX, Hu XY, Li HB, Bian Q, Kong XL, Liu JF, Kong DL, Guo DS, Wang YB. Coassembly of hypoxia-sensitive macrocyclic amphiphiles and extracellular vesicles for targeted kidney injury imaging and therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:451. [PMID: 34961540 PMCID: PMC8714429 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is a major contributor to global kidney diseases. Targeting hypoxia is a promising therapeutic option against both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease; however, an effective strategy that can achieve simultaneous targeted kidney hypoxia imaging and therapy has yet to be established. Herein, we fabricated a unique nano-sized hypoxia-sensitive coassembly (Pc/C5A@EVs) via molecular recognition and self-assembly, which is composed of the macrocyclic amphiphile C5A, the commercial dye sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (Pc) and mesenchymal stem cell-excreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). Results In murine models of unilateral or bilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury, MSC-EVs protected the Pc/C5A complex from immune metabolism, prolonged the circulation time of the complex, and specifically led Pc/C5A to hypoxic kidneys via surface integrin receptor α4β1 and αLβ2, where Pc/C5A released the near-infrared fluorescence of Pc and achieved enhanced hypoxia-sensitive imaging. Meanwhile, the coassembly significantly recovered kidney function by attenuating cell apoptosis, inhibiting the progression of renal fibrosis and reducing tubulointerstitial inflammation. Mechanistically, the Pc/C5A coassembly induced M1-to-M2 macrophage transition by inhibiting the HIF-1α expression in hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and downstream NF-κB signaling pathway to exert their regenerative effects. Conclusion This synergetic nanoscale coassembly with great translational potential provides a novel strategy for precise kidney hypoxia diagnosis and efficient kidney injury treatment. Furthermore, our strategy of coassembling exogenous macrocyclic receptors with endogenous cell-derived membranous structures may offer a functional platform to address multiple clinical needs. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01192-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qiu Cheng
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Xin Yue
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hong-Mei Cao
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lan-Xing Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Bian
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Kong
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - De-Ling Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yue-Bing Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Perspectives on the Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Noninvasive Evaluation of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112461. [PMID: 34199385 PMCID: PMC8199575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are currently in vogue, as they provide in vivo information on renal volume, function, metabolism, perfusion, oxygenation, and microstructural alterations, without the need for exogenous contrast media. New imaging biomarkers can be identified using these tools, which represent a major advance in the understanding and study of the different pathologies affecting the kidney. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most important diseases worldwide due to its high prevalence and impact on public health. However, its multifactorial etiology poses a challenge for both basic and clinical research. Therefore, the use of novel renal MRI techniques is an attractive step forward in the comprehension of DKD, both in its pathogenesis and in its detection and surveillance in the clinical practice. This review article outlines the most promising MRI techniques in the study of DKD, with the purpose of stimulating their clinical translation as possible tools for the diagnosis, follow-up, and monitoring of the clinical impacts of new DKD treatments.
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Eto H, Naganuma T, Nakao M, Murata M, Elhelaly AE, Noda Y, Kato H, Matsuo M, Akahoshi T, Hashizume M, Hyodo F. Development of 20 cm sample bore size dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-MRI at 16 mT and redox metabolic imaging of acute hepatitis rat model. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:149-157. [PMID: 33865961 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue redox metabolism is involved in various diseases, and an understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of tissue redox metabolism could be useful for diagnosis of progression and treatment. In in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-MRI, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) irradiation at the resonance frequency of nitroxyl radicals administered as a redox probe for induction of DNP, increases the intensity of MRI signals. For electron spin, it is necessary to apply a resonant frequency 658 times higher than that required for nuclear spin because of the higher magnetic moment of unpaired electrons. Previous studies using a disease model of small animals and in vivo DNP-MRI have revealed that an abnormal redox status is involved in many diseases, and that it could be used to visualize the dynamics of alterations in redox metabolism. To use the current methods in clinical practice, the development of a prototype DNP-MRI system for preclinical examinations of large animals is indispensable for clarifying the problems peculiar to the increase in size of the DNP-MRI device. Therefore, we developed a in vivo DNP-MRI system with a sample bore size of 20 cm and a 16-mT magnetic field using a U-shaped permanent magnet. Because the NMR frequency is very low, we adopted a digital radiofrequency transmission/reception system with excellent filter and dynamic range characteristics and equipped with a digital eddy current compensation system to suppress large eddy currents. The pulse sequence was based on the fast spin-echo sequence, which was improved for low frequency and large-eddy current equipment. The in vivo DNP-MRI system developed was used to non-invasively image the redox reaction of a carbamoyl-PROXYL probe in the livers of large rats weighing 800 g. Furthermore, DNP-MRI analysis was able to capture significant changes in redox metabolism in hepatitis-model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatuya Naganuma
- Japan Redox limited, 4-29-49-805 Chiyo Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakao
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Advanced Medical Medicine, Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan; Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Yoshifumi Noda
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan; Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Akahoshi
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Advanced Medical Medicine, Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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Sarkar S, Lee H, Ryu HG, Singha S, Lee YM, Reo YJ, Jun YW, Kim KH, Kim WJ, Ahn KH. A Study on Hypoxia Susceptibility of Organ Tissues by Fluorescence Imaging with a Ratiometric Nitroreductase Probe. ACS Sens 2021; 6:148-155. [PMID: 33334101 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of oxygen deficiency in tissues, features various diseases including solid tumor. Under hypoxia, several reductases such as nitroreductases are elevated. Based on this fact, we have investigated an indirect way to assess the hypoxia susceptibility of different organ tissues (mouse lung, heart, spleen, kidney, and liver) by detecting nitroreductase present within. Among the organs, the kidney showed a notable susceptibility to hypoxia, which was due to the renal medulla, not due to the renal cortex, as observed by ratiometric fluorescence imaging with a probe. The probe features ratiometric signaling, NIR-emitting, two-photon absorbing, and pH-insensitive emission properties, offering a practical tool for studying the nitroreductase activity and, furthermore, hypoxia-associated biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhankar Singha
- Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Yeong Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Reo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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9
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Bresser PL, Vorster M, Sathekge MM. An overview of the developments and potential applications of 68Ga-labelled PET/CT hypoxia imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:148-158. [PMID: 33400147 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of hypoxia plays a role in monitoring the body's adaptive response or the development of pathology under hypoxic conditions. Various techniques to image hypoxia have been investigated with a shift towards the use of molecular imaging using PET/CT. The role of hypoxia-specific radiopharmaceuticals such as radiolabelled nitroimidazoles is well documented particularly in the oncologic setting. With the increasing utilisation of in-house labelling with a PET benchtop generator, such as the 68Ge/68Ga generator, the use of 68Ga-labelled hypoxic radiopharmaceuticals in the clinical setting is developing. Since hypoxia plays a role in various pathologic states including infectious disease such as TB, there is a need to explore the potential application of 68Ga-labelled hypoxia seeking radiopharmaceuticals beyond oncology. The purpose of this review is to describe the developments of 68Ga-labelled hypoxic radiopharmaceuticals including the various chelators that have been investigated. Further, the role of hypoxia imaging in various pathologies is discussed with particular emphasis on the potential clinical applications of hypoxia PET/CT in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa L Bresser
- Department of Radiography, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, University of Pretoria, HW Snyman Building North, Room 4-33, Bophelo Road, Gezina, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Hyodo F, Ito S, Eto H, Elhelaly AE, Murata M, Akahoshi T, Utsumi H, Matuso M. Free radical imaging of endogenous redox molecules using dynamic nuclear polarisation magnetic resonance imaging. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:343-351. [PMID: 33307891 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1859109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions accompanied by the oxidation-reduction of endogenous molecules play important roles in maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. In humans, numerous endogenous molecules that contribute towards maintaining physiological conditions form free radicals via electron transfer. A typical example of this is the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which is involved in energy production. If free radicals derived from endogenous molecules could be visualised and exploited as biological and functional probes, redox reactions mediated by endogenous molecules could be detected non-invasively. We succeeded in visualising the free radicals derived from endogenous molecules using an in vivo dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. In this review, we describe the visualisation of endogenous redox molecules, such as flavins and ubiquinones, which are mitochondrial electron carriers, as well as vitamin E and vitamin C (ascorbate). In addition, we describe the application of melanin free radicals for the in vivo visualisation of metabola without using probes via in vivo DNP-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hinako Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Akahoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Advanced Medical Medicine, Disaster and Emergency medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Utsumi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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11
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Hua F. New insights into diabetes mellitus and its complications: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1689. [PMID: 33490201 PMCID: PMC7812242 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder accompanied by complications of multiple organs and systems. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most prevalent lethal complications of diabetes. Although numerous biomarkers have be clarified for early diagnosis of DN, renal biopsy is still the gold standard. As a noninvasive imaging diagnostic method, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI can help understand the kidney oxygenation status and fibrosis process and monitor the efficacy of new drugs for DN via monitoring renal blood oxygen levels. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) were all involved in the development of DN, which could be exploited as therapeutic strategy to control DN. Dyslipidemia is also a common complication of diabetes. Apolipoprotein M (apoM), as a novel apolipoprotein, may be related to the development and progression of diabetes, which need to further investigation. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is another common complication of diabetes and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). At present, there is no simple, effective and rapid diagnostic method to early identification of OSA in patients with diabetes. A nomogram consisted of waist-to-hip ratio, smoking status, body mass index, serum uric acid, HOMA-IR and history of fatty liver might be an alternative method to early assess the risk of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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12
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Poudel N, Zheng S, Schinderle CM, Sun N, Hu S, Okusa MD. Peritubular Capillary Oxygen Consumption in Sepsis-Induced AKI: Multi-Parametric Photoacoustic Microscopy. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:621-625. [PMID: 33147592 DOI: 10.1159/000511167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and measuring parameters responsible for the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced AKI (SI-AKI) is critical in developing therapies. Blood flow to the kidney is heterogeneous, partly due to the existence of dynamic networks of capillaries in various regions, responding differentially to oxygen demand in cortex versus medulla. High energy demand regions, especially the outer medulla, are susceptible to hypoxia and subject to damage during SI-AKI. Proximal tubule epithelial cells in the cortex and the outer medulla can also undergo metabolic reprogramming during SI-AKI to maintain basal physiological status and to avoid potential damage. Current data on the assessment of renal hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism during sepsis is limited. Preclinical and clinical studies show changes in renal hemodynamics associated with SI-AKI, and in clinical settings, interventions to manage renal hemodynamics seem to help improve disease outcomes in some cases. Lack of proper tools to assess temporospatial changes in peritubular blood flow and tissue oxygen metabolism is a barrier to our ability to understand microcirculatory dynamics and oxygen consumption and their role in the pathogenesis of SI-AKI. Current tools to assess renal oxygenation are limited in their usability as these cannot perform continuous simultaneous measurement of renal hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism. Multi-parametric photo-acoustic microscopy (PAM) is a new tool that can measure real-time changes in microhemodynamics and oxygen metabolism. Use of multi-parametric PAM in combination with advanced intravital imaging techniques has the potential to understand the contribution of microhemodynamic and tissue oxygenation alterations to SI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Poudel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shuqiu Zheng
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Colleen M Schinderle
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Naidi Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA,
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13
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Ullah MM, Basile DP. Role of Renal Hypoxia in the Progression From Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2020; 39:567-580. [PMID: 31836039 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, there has been an increased appreciation of the long-term sequelae of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the potential development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several pathophysiologic features have been proposed to mediate AKI to CKD progression including maladaptive alterations in tubular, interstitial, inflammatory, and vascular cells. These alterations likely interact to culminate in the progression to CKD. In this article we focus primarily on evidence of vascular rarefaction secondary to AKI, and the potential mechanisms by which rarefaction occurs in relation to other alterations in tubular and interstitial compartments. We further focus on the potential that rarefaction contributes to renal hypoxia. Consideration of the role of hypoxia in AKI to CKD transition focuses on experimental evidence of persistent renal hypoxia after AKI and experimental maneuvers to evaluate the influence of hypoxia, per se, in progressive disease. Finally, consideration of methods to evaluate hypoxia in patients is provided with the suggestion that noninvasive measurement of renal hypoxia may provide insight into progression in post-AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbub Ullah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.
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14
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Evans RG. Another step forward for methods for studying renal oxygenation. Kidney Int 2020; 96:552-554. [PMID: 31445583 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All available methods for assessing renal oxygenation are limited either in terms of their temporal or spatial resolution, their ability to quantify tissue oxygen tension (PO2), or in the settings in which they can be applied. Kodama and colleagues have developed a new method that utilizes dynamic nuclear polarization magnetic resonance imaging and an oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic agent (OX63). This new method generates quantitative maps of renal tissue PO2 in millimeters of mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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15
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Owczarek A, Gieczewska K, Jarzyna R, Jagielski AK, Kiersztan A, Gruza A, Winiarska K. Hypoxia increases the rate of renal gluconeogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression. Biochimie 2020; 171-172:31-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Ide M, Sonoda N, Inoue T, Kimura S, Minami Y, Makimura H, Hayashida E, Hyodo F, Yamato M, Takayanagi R, Inoguchi T. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, improves cognitive impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and microglial activation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228750. [PMID: 32032367 PMCID: PMC7006898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes is an important risk factor for dementia. However, the underlying pathological and molecular mechanisms, and effective treatment, have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, linagliptin, on diabetes-related cognitive impairment. METHOD Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were treated with linagliptin (3 mg/kg/24 h) for 17 weeks. The radial arm water maze test was performed, followed by evaluation of oxidative stress using DNP-MRI and the expression of NAD(P)H oxidase components and proinflammatory cytokines and of microglial activity. RESULTS Administration of linagliptin did not affect the plasma glucose and body weight of diabetic mice; however, it improved cognitive impairment. Additionally, linagliptin reduced oxidative stress and the mRNA expression of NAD(P)H oxidase component and TNF-α, and the number and body area of microglia, all of which were significantly increased in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Linagliptin may have a beneficial effect on diabetes-related dementia by inhibiting oxidative stress and microglial activation, independently of glucose-lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ide
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sonoda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoaki Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Minami
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Makimura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hayashida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamato
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Takayanagi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Inoguchi
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Fukuoka City Health Promotion Support Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Ow CPC, Ullah MM, Ngo JP, Sayakkarage A, Evans RG. Detection of cellular hypoxia by pimonidazole adduct immunohistochemistry in kidney disease: methodological pitfalls and their solution. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F322-F332. [PMID: 31188031 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00219.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pimonidazole adduct immunohistochemistry is one of the few available methods for assessing renal tissue hypoxia at the cellular level. It appears to be prone to artifactual false positive staining under some circumstances. Here, we assessed the nature of this false positive staining and, having determined how to avoid it, reexamined the nature of cellular hypoxia in rat models of kidney disease. When a mouse-derived anti-pimonidazole primary antibody was used, two types of staining were observed. First, there was diffuse staining of the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells, which was largely absent when the primary antibody was omitted from the incubation protocol or in tissues known not to contain pimonidazole adducts. Second, there was staining of the apical membranes of tubular epithelial cells, debris within the lumen of renal tubules, including tubular casts, and the interstitium; this latter staining was present even when the primary antibody was omitted from the incubation protocol. Such false positive staining was particularly prominent in acutely injured kidneys. It could not be avoided by preincubation of sections with a mouse IgG blocking reagent. Furthermore, preadsorption of the secondary antibody against rat Ig abolished all staining; however, when a rabbit-derived polyclonal anti-pimonidazole primary antibody was used, the false positive staining was largely avoided. Using this method, we confirmed the presence of hypoxia, localized mainly to the tubular epithelium, in the acute phase of severe renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, adenine-induced chronic kidney disease, and polycystic kidney disease. We conclude that this new method provides improved detection of renal cellular hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie P C Ow
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Md Mahbub Ullah
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Jennifer P Ngo
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Adheeshee Sayakkarage
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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