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Galante N, Cotroneo R, Furci D, Lodetti G, Casali MB. Applications of artificial intelligence in forensic sciences: Current potential benefits, limitations and perspectives. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:445-458. [PMID: 36507961 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, new studies based on artificial intelligence (AI) have been conducted in the forensic field, posing new challenges and demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of using AI methodologies to solve forensic well-known problems. Specifically, AI technology has tried to overcome the human subjective bias limitations of the traditional approach of the forensic sciences, which include sex prediction and age estimation from morphometric measurements in forensic anthropology or evaluating the third molar stage of development in forensic odontology. Likewise, AI has been studied as an assisting tool in forensic pathology for a quick and easy identification of the taxonomy of diatoms. The present systematic review follows the PRISMA 2020 statements and aims to explore an emerging topic that has been poorly analyzed in the forensic literature. Benefits, limitations, and forensic implications concerning AI are therefore highlighted, by providing an extensive critical review of its current applications on forensic sciences as well as its future directions. Results are divided into 5 subsections which included forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, forensic pathology, forensic genetics, and other forensic branches. The discussion offers a useful instrument to investigate the potential benefits of AI in the forensic fields as well as to point out the existing open questions and issues concerning its application on real-life scenarios. Procedural notes and technical aspects are also provided to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Galante
- Healthcare Accountability Lab, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosy Cotroneo
- Healthcare Accountability Lab, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Furci
- Healthcare Accountability Lab, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Lodetti
- Healthcare Accountability Lab, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Bruno Casali
- Healthcare Accountability Lab, Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Rapid DNA from a Disaster Victim Identification Perspective: is it a game changer? Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 58:102684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Validation of the Applied Biosystems RapidHIT ID instrument and ACE GlobalFiler Express sample cartridge. Int J Legal Med 2021; 136:13-41. [PMID: 34643802 PMCID: PMC8511620 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid DNA platforms are fully automated systems capable of processing DNA from biological samples and interpreting the results in approximately 90 minutes with minimal human intervention. With a greater reliance on the system than on the analyst, validation data are especially needed to define the performance and limitations of commercially available Rapid DNA systems. Thus, validation studies of a Rapid DNA workflow consisting of the Applied Biosystems RapidHIT ID Instrument and RapidLINK software with a focus on the ACE GlobalFiler Express Sample Cartridge and reference buccal swabs were performed in accordance with Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods Validation Guidelines. These validation studies included assessments of sensitivity, contamination, concordance, reproducibility and repeatability, stability, inhibition, mixtures, sample reprocessing, precision, and first-pass success rate. Overall, the current Applied Biosystems RapidHIT ID Instrument with the ACE GlobalFiler Express sample cartridge was found to be a reliable tool for generation of STR profiles from reference-type buccal swabs.
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Faccinetto C, Sabbatini D, Serventi P, Rigato M, Salvoro C, Casamassima G, Margiotta G, De Fanti S, Sarno S, Staiti N, Luiselli D, Marino A, Vazza G. Internal validation and improvement of mitochondrial genome sequencing using the Precision ID mtDNA Whole Genome Panel. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:2295-2306. [PMID: 34491421 PMCID: PMC8523450 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), mitochondrial whole-genome sequencing has begun to be applied to the field of the forensic biology as an alternative to the traditional Sanger-type sequencing (STS). However, experimental workflows, commercial solutions, and output data analysis must be strictly validated before being implemented into the forensic laboratory. In this study, we performed an internal validation for an NGS-based typing of the entire mitochondrial genome using the Precision ID mtDNA Whole Genome Panel (Thermo Fisher Scientific) on the Ion S5 sequencer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Concordance, repeatability, reproducibility, sensitivity, and heteroplasmy detection analyses were assessed using the 2800 M and 9947A standard control DNA as well as typical casework specimens, and results were compared with conventional Sanger sequencing and another NGS sequencer in a different laboratory. We discuss the strengths and limitations of this approach, highlighting some issues regarding noise thresholds and heteroplasmy detection, and suggesting solutions to mitigate these effects and improve overall data interpretation. Results confirmed that the Precision ID Whole mtDNA Genome Panel is highly reproducible and sensitive, yielding useful full mitochondrial DNA sequences also from challenging DNA specimens, thus providing further support for its use in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Faccinetto
- Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche Di Parma, Sezione Biologia, Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Sabbatini
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Serventi
- Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche Di Parma, Sezione Biologia, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Rigato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Casamassima
- Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche Di Parma, Sezione Biologia, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Margiotta
- Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche Di Parma, Sezione Biologia, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute On Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Staiti
- Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche Di Parma, Sezione Biologia, Parma, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Alberto Marino
- Reparto Carabinieri Investigazioni Scientifiche Di Parma, Sezione Biologia, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vazza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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5
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Involvement of ILR4α and TLR4 in miscarriages. J Reprod Immunol 2019; 131:36-43. [PMID: 30639993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze the involvement of signaling via Interleukin-4-Receptor α (IL4Rα) and Toll like receptor (TLR) 4 at the fetomaternal interface in the process of early pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Placenta specimens of 46 patients in early pregnancy were analyzed (normal pregnancy (n = 15), spontaneous (n = 15) and habitual abortion (n = 16)). TLR4 and IL4Rα were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and real time PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 23 and Microsoft Excel. RESULTS IL4Rα could be detected in trophoblast cells of all groups. It was significantly downregulated in the syncytiotrophoblast of spontaneous and recurrent abortions (p = 0.001), and in decidual tissue of spontaneous abortions (p = 0.001). Expression of TLR4 was decreased in the intermediate villous trophoblast (IVT) and decidua of spontaneous abortions (p = 0.04 & 0.003, respectively). On mRNA level expression of IL4Rα and TLR4 was significantly decreased in the group of recurrent miscarriages (IL4Rα p = 0.002, TLR4 p = 0.004). CONCLUSION This study contributes new findings to the understanding of the complex molecular interplay at the fetomaternal interface in normal pregnancy and miscarriages. For the first time signaling via IL4Rα being involved at the very beginning of the generation of new life could demonstrated. Moreover, new evidence was provided regarding TLR4 playing a pivotal role in early pregnancy.
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Illiano A, Arpino V, Pinto G, Berti A, Verdoliva V, Peluso G, Pucci P, Amoresano A. Multiple Reaction Monitoring Tandem Mass Spectrometry Approach for the Identification of Biological Fluids at Crime Scene Investigations. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5627-5636. [PMID: 29579379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the nature of biofluids at a crime scene is just as important as DNA test to link the nature of the biofluid, the criminal act, and the dynamics of the crime. Identification of methods currently used for each biological fluid (blood, semen, saliva, urine) suffer from several limitations including instability of assayed biomolecules, and low selectivity and specificity; as an example of the latter issue, it is not possible to discriminate between alpha-amylase 1 (present in saliva) and alpha-amylase 2 (present in semen and vaginal secretion. In this context, the aim of the work has been to provide a predictive protein signature characteristic of each biofluid by the recognition of specific peptides unique for each protein in a single analysis. A panel of four protein biomarkers for blood, four for saliva, five for semen, and two for urine has been monitored has been monitored by using a single multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based method targeting concomitantly 46 different peptides. Then, The optimized method allows four biological matrices to be identified when present on their own or in 50:50 mixture with another biofluid. Finally, a valid strategy combining both DNA analysis and liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS-MRM) identification of biofluids on the same sample has been demonstrated to be particularly effective in forensic investigation of real trace evidence collected at a crime scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Illiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli 80126 , Italy
| | - Valentina Arpino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli 80126 , Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli 80126 , Italy
| | - Andrea Berti
- Carabinieri , Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche (R.I.S.) di Roma , Viale di Tor di Quinto n. 151 , Roma 00191 , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verdoliva
- Carabinieri , Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche (R.I.S.) di Roma , Viale di Tor di Quinto n. 151 , Roma 00191 , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Peluso
- Carabinieri , Sezione Investigazioni Scientifiche (S.I.S.) di Napoli , Corso Vittorio Emanuele n. 728 , Napoli 80122 , Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli 80126 , Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli 80126 , Italy
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Anslinger K, Bayer B, Brune V, Schreier I, Tschoche J, von Máriássy D. Laborinterne vs. vorgegebene Grenzwerte für die DNA-Typisierung. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-017-0189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fontana F, Rapone C, Bregola G, Aversa R, de Meo A, Signorini G, Sergio M, Ferrarini A, Lanzellotto R, Medoro G, Giorgini G, Manaresi N, Berti A. Isolation and genetic analysis of pure cells from forensic biological mixtures: The precision of a digital approach. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 29:225-241. [PMID: 28511094 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Latest genotyping technologies allow to achieve a reliable genetic profile for the offender identification even from extremely minute biological evidence. The ultimate challenge occurs when genetic profiles need to be retrieved from a mixture, which is composed of biological material from two or more individuals. In this case, DNA profiling will often result in a complex genetic profile, which is then subject matter for statistical analysis. In principle, when more individuals contribute to a mixture with different biological fluids, their single genetic profiles can be obtained by separating the distinct cell types (e.g. epithelial cells, blood cells, sperm), prior to genotyping. Different approaches have been investigated for this purpose, such as fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) or laser capture microdissection (LCM), but currently none of these methods can guarantee the complete separation of different type of cells present in a mixture. In other fields of application, such as oncology, DEPArray™ technology, an image-based, microfluidic digital sorter, has been widely proven to enable the separation of pure cells, with single-cell precision. This study investigates the applicability of DEPArray™ technology to forensic samples analysis, focusing on the resolution of the forensic mixture problem. For the first time, we report here the development of an application-specific DEPArray™ workflow enabling the detection and recovery of pure homogeneous cell pools from simulated blood/saliva and semen/saliva mixtures, providing full genetic match with genetic profiles of corresponding donors. In addition, we assess the performance of standard forensic methods for DNA quantitation and genotyping on low-count, DEPArray™-isolated cells, showing that pure, almost complete profiles can be obtained from as few as ten haploid cells. Finally, we explore the applicability in real casework samples, demonstrating that the described approach provides complete separation of cells with outstanding precision. In all examined cases, DEPArray™ technology proves to be a groundbreaking technology for the resolution of forensic biological mixtures, through the precise isolation of pure cells for an incontrovertible attribution of the obtained genetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fontana
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy.
| | - C Rapone
- Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche Carabinieri R.I.S., Roma, Italy
| | - G Bregola
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | - R Aversa
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | - A de Meo
- Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche Carabinieri R.I.S., Roma, Italy
| | - G Signorini
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | - M Sergio
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | - A Ferrarini
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | | | - G Medoro
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | - G Giorgini
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | - N Manaresi
- Menarini Silicon Biosystems S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | - A Berti
- Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche Carabinieri R.I.S., Roma, Italy
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Frégeau CJ, Yensen C, Elliott J, Fourney RM. Optimized Configuration of Fixed-Tip Robotic Liquid-Handling Stations for the Elimination of Biological Sample Cross-Contamination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Robotic liquid-handling stations (RLHSs) are the mainstay of high-throughput biomedical/forensic DNA sample processing facilities. These liquid-handling systems can be alternatively tooled with either disposable or fixed-tip pipetting heads. The use of disposable tips is often perceived as the best tip configuration to eliminate cross-contamination between biological samples processed on liquid-handling stations. However, this suppression can be effectively achieved on instruments equipped with fixed tips with optimally designed tip wash station (WS) configurations. Fixed-tip instruments offer many significant sample processing advantages with respect to precision, pipetting of liquids that may contain aggregates, and operational cost. This report discusses how cross-contamination suppression was achieved for the reliable processing of forensic casework samples on specially configured fixed-tip TECAN Genesis RSP/Freedom EVO RLHSs. A critical analysis of the major components involved in tip washing, as well as the specifications of a redesigned tip-washing routine that increases wash effectiveness and significantly reduces processing time and cost is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Yensen
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Elliott
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Altayari W. DNA Extraction: Organic and Solid-Phase. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1420:55-68. [PMID: 27259731 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3597-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA extraction remains a critical step in DNA profiling of biological material recovered from scenes of crime. In the forensic community several methods have gained popularity, including Chelex(®), organic extraction, and solid-phase extraction. While some laboratories streamlined their processes and only use one method we have retained several methods and continue to use these for different sample types. In this chapter we present three methods that have been used for several years in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Altayari
- Forensic Evidence Department, Abu Dhabi Police, P.O. Box 253, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Thong Z, Phua YH, Loo ES, Goh SK, Ang J, Looi WF, Syn CKC. Evaluation of the RapidHIT™ 200 System: A comparative study of its performance with Maxwell ® DNA IQ™/Identifiler ® Plus/ABI 3500xL workflow. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 19:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The expression of thyroid hormone receptors (THR) is regulated by the progesterone receptor system in first trimester placental tissue and in BeWo cells in vitro. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 195:31-39. [PMID: 26476797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and a deficiency in maternal thyroid hormones has been associated with early pregnancy losses. The aim of this study was a systematic investigation of the influence of mifepristone (RU 486) on the expression of the thyroid hormone receptor (THR) isoforms THRα1, THRα2, THRβ1 and THRβ2 on protein and mRNA-level. METHODS Samples of placental tissue were obtained from patients with mifepristone induced termination of pregnancy (n=13) or mechanical induced termination of normal pregnancy (n=20), each from the 4th to 13th week of pregnancy. Expression of THRα1, THRα2, THRβ1 and THRβ2 was analysed on protein level by immunohistochemistry and on mRNA level by real time RT-PCR (TaqMan). The influence of progesterone on THR gene expression was analysed in the trophoblast tumour cell line BeWo by real time RT-PCR (TaqMan). RESULTS Nuclear expression of THRα1, THRα2 and THRβ1 is downregulated on protein level in mifepristone (RU 486) treated villous trophoblast tissue. In decidual tissue, we found a significant downregulation only for THRα1 in mifepristone treated tissue. On mRNA level, we also found a significantly reduced expression of THRA but no significant downregulation for THRB in placental tissue. The gene THRA encodes the isoform THRα and the gene THRB encodes the isoform THRβ. The majority of cells expressing the thyroid hormone receptors in the decidua are decidual stromal cells. In addition, in vitro experiments with trophoblast tumour cells showed that progesterone significantly induced THRA but not THRB expression. CONCLUSIONS Termination of pregnancy with mifepristone (RU 486) leads to a downregulation of THRα1, THRα2 and THRβ1 in villous trophoblasts and in addition to a decreased expression of THRA in placental tissue. Decreased expression of THRα1 induced by RU486 could also be found in the decidua. Therefore inhibition of the progesterone receptor may be responsible for this downregulation. This assumption is supported by the finding, that stimulation of the progesterone receptor by progesterone itself up-regulated THRA in trophoblast cells in vitro.
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14
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Kowalczyk M, Sekuła A, Mleczko P, Olszowy Z, Kujawa A, Zubek S, Kupiec T. Practical aspects of genetic identification of hallucinogenic and other poisonous mushrooms for clinical and forensic purposes. Croat Med J 2015; 56:32-40. [PMID: 25727040 PMCID: PMC4364345 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the usefulness of a DNA-based method for identifying mushroom species for application in forensic laboratory practice. Methods Two hundred twenty-one samples of clinical forensic material (dried mushrooms, food remains, stomach contents, feces, etc) were analyzed. ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was sequenced and the sequences were compared with reference sequences collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information gene bank (GenBank). Sporological identification of mushrooms was also performed for 57 samples of clinical material. Results Of 221 samples, positive sequencing results were obtained for 152 (69%). The highest percentage of positive results was obtained for samples of dried mushrooms (96%) and food remains (91%). Comparison with GenBank sequences enabled identification of all samples at least at the genus level. Most samples (90%) were identified at the level of species or a group of closely related species. Sporological and molecular identification were consistent at the level of species or genus for 30% of analyzed samples. Conclusion Molecular analysis identified a larger number of species than sporological method. It proved to be suitable for analysis of evidential material (dried hallucinogenic mushrooms) in forensic genetic laboratories as well as to complement classical methods in the analysis of clinical material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kowalczyk
- Marek Kowalczyk, Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte St. 9, 31-033 Krakow, Poland,
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Ziegelmüller B, Vattai A, Kost B, Kuhn C, Hofmann S, Bayer B, Toth B, Jeschke U, Ditsch N. Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Villous Trophoblasts and Decidual Tissue at Protein and mRNA Levels Is Downregulated in Spontaneous and Recurrent Miscarriages. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:511-23. [DOI: 10.1369/0022155415582052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, and a deficiency in maternal thyroid hormones has been associated with early pregnancy losses. The expression of THRα1, THRβ1 and THRα2 increases with gestational age. The aim of this study was the investigation of the protein and mRNA-levels of THR isoforms THRα1, THRα2, THRβ1 and THRβ2 in normal, spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages. The identification of THR-expressing cells in the decidua was done with double immunofluorescence. The nuclear expression of THRα1, THRα2, THRβ1 and THRβ2 is downregulated at protein level in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages in villous trophoblast tissue. In decidual tissue, we found a significant downregulation only for THRα1 in spontaneous miscarriages. For recurrent miscarriages, THRα1 and THRβ1 were both significantly downregulated in decidual tissue. By applying HLA-G as a trophoblast marker, we found a significant co-expression only for THRβ2. The results of our study show that thyroid hormone receptors THRα1, THRα2, THRβ1 and THRβ2 are downregulated in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages. The majority of cells expressing the thyroid hormone receptors in the decidua are decidual stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Ziegelmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
| | - Bernd Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
| | - Birgit Bayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
| | - Bettina Toth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Innenstadt (BZ, AV, BK, CK, SH, UJ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology (BZ), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Legal Medicine (BB), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology-Großhadern (ND), Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (BT)
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Frickmann H, Hinz R, Hagen RM. Comparison of an automated nucleic acid extraction system with the column-based procedure. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2015; 5:94-102. [PMID: 25883797 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi-d-14-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we assessed the extraction efficiency of a deployable bench-top nucleic acid extractor EZ1 in comparison to the column-based approach with complex sample matrices. A total of 48 EDTA blood samples and 81 stool samples were extracted by EZ1 automated extraction and the column-based QIAamp DNA Mini Kit. Blood sample extractions were assessed by two real-time malaria PCRs, while stool samples were analyzed by six multiplex real-time PCR assays targeting bacterial, viral, and parasitic stool pathogens. Inhibition control PCR testing was performed as well. In total, 147 concordant and 13 discordant pathogen-specific PCR results were obtained. The latter comprised 11 positive results after column-based extraction only and two positive results after EZ1 extraction only. EZ1 extraction showed a higher frequency of inhibition. This phenomenon was, however, inconsistent for the different PCR schemes. In case of concordant PCR results, relevant differences of cycle threshold numbers for the compared extraction schemes were not observed. Switches from well-established column-based extraction to extraction with the automated EZ1 system do not lead to a relevantly reduced yield of target DNA when complex sample matrices are used. If sample inhibition is observed, column-based extraction from another sample aliquot may be considered.
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An evaluation of the RapidHIT® system for reliably genotyping reference samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 13:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hedman J, Knutsson R, Ansell R, Rådström P, Rasmusson B. Pre-PCR processing in bioterrorism preparedness: improved diagnostic capabilities for laboratory response networks. Biosecur Bioterror 2014; 11 Suppl 1:S87-101. [PMID: 23971826 DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic DNA analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a valuable tool for rapid detection of biothreat agents. However, analysis is often challenging because of the limited size, quality, and purity of the biological target. Pre-PCR processing is an integrated concept in which the issues of analytical limit of detection and simplicity for automation are addressed in all steps leading up to PCR amplification--that is, sampling, sample treatment, and the chemical composition of PCR. The sampling method should maximize target uptake and minimize uptake of extraneous substances that could impair the analysis--so-called PCR inhibitors. In sample treatment, there is a trade-off between yield and purity, as extensive purification leads to DNA loss. A cornerstone of pre-PCR processing is to apply DNA polymerase-buffer systems that are tolerant to specific sample impurities, thereby lowering the need for expensive purification steps and maximizing DNA recovery. Improved awareness among Laboratory Response Networks (LRNs) regarding pre-PCR processing is important, as ineffective sample processing leads to increased cost and possibly false-negative or ambiguous results, hindering the decision-making process in a bioterrorism crisis. This article covers the nature and mechanisms of PCR-inhibitory substances relevant for agroterrorism and bioterrorism preparedness, methods for quality control of PCR reactions, and applications of pre-PCR processing to optimize and simplify the analysis of various biothreat agents. Knowledge about pre-PCR processing will improve diagnostic capabilities of LRNs involved in the response to bioterrorism incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hedman
- Johannes Hedman, PhD, is employed as a specialist at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL) and holds a research position at Applied Microbiology, Lund University. Rickard Knutsson, PhD, is Director of Security Department, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden . Ricky Ansell, PhD, is employed as forensic advisor and senior reporting officer at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL). Birgitta Rasmusson, PhD, is employed as research director at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL) and holds a position as adjunct professor at Applied Microbiology, Lund University. Peter Rådström, PhD, is employed as professor Applied Microbiology, Lund University
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Fujii K, Inokuchi S, Kitayama T, Nakahara H, Mizuno N, Sekiguchi K. A Comparison of DNA Extraction Using AutoMate Express™ and EZ1 Advanced XL from Liquid Blood, Bloodstains, and Semen Stains. J Forensic Sci 2013; 58:981-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fujii
- Fourth Biological Section; National Research Institute of Police Science; 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha; Kashiwa; Chiba 277-0882; Japan
| | - Shota Inokuchi
- Fourth Biological Section; National Research Institute of Police Science; 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha; Kashiwa; Chiba 277-0882; Japan
| | - Tetsushi Kitayama
- Fourth Biological Section; National Research Institute of Police Science; 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha; Kashiwa; Chiba 277-0882; Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakahara
- Fourth Biological Section; National Research Institute of Police Science; 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha; Kashiwa; Chiba 277-0882; Japan
| | - Natsuko Mizuno
- Fifth Biological Section; National Research Institute of Police Science; 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha; Kashiwa; Chiba 277-0882; Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sekiguchi
- Fourth Biological Section; National Research Institute of Police Science; 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha; Kashiwa; Chiba 277-0882; Japan
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Norén L, Hedell R, Ansell R, Hedman J. Purification of crime scene DNA extracts using centrifugal filter devices. INVESTIGATIVE GENETICS 2013; 4:8. [PMID: 23618387 PMCID: PMC3640930 DOI: 10.1186/2041-2223-4-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of forensic DNA analysis is limited by the size, quality and purity of biological evidence found at crime scenes. Sample impurities can inhibit PCR, resulting in partial or negative DNA profiles. Various DNA purification methods are applied to remove impurities, for example, employing centrifugal filter devices. However, irrespective of method, DNA purification leads to DNA loss. Here we evaluate the filter devices Amicon Ultra 30 K and Microsep 30 K with respect to recovery rate and general performance for various types of PCR-inhibitory crime scene samples. METHODS Recovery rates for DNA purification using Amicon Ultra 30 K and Microsep 30 K were gathered using quantitative PCR. Mock crime scene DNA extracts were analyzed using quantitative PCR and short tandem repeat (STR) profiling to test the general performance and inhibitor-removal properties of the two filter devices. Additionally, the outcome of long-term routine casework DNA analysis applying each of the devices was evaluated. RESULTS Applying Microsep 30 K, 14 to 32% of the input DNA was recovered, whereas Amicon Ultra 30 K retained 62 to 70% of the DNA. The improved purity following filter purification counteracted some of this DNA loss, leading to slightly increased electropherogram peak heights for blood on denim (Amicon Ultra 30 K and Microsep 30 K) and saliva on envelope (Amicon Ultra 30 K). Comparing Amicon Ultra 30 K and Microsep 30 K for purification of DNA extracts from mock crime scene samples, the former generated significantly higher peak heights for rape case samples (P-values <0.01) and for hairs (P-values <0.036). In long-term routine use of the two filter devices, DNA extracts purified with Amicon Ultra 30 K were considerably less PCR-inhibitory in Quantifiler Human qPCR analysis compared to Microsep 30 K. CONCLUSIONS Amicon Ultra 30 K performed better than Microsep 30 K due to higher DNA recovery and more efficient removal of PCR-inhibitory substances. The different performances of the filter devices are likely caused by the quality of the filters and plastic wares, for example, their DNA binding properties. DNA purification using centrifugal filter devices can be necessary for successful DNA profiling of impure crime scene samples and for consistency between different PCR-based analysis systems, such as quantification and STR analysis. In order to maximize the possibility to obtain complete STR DNA profiles and to create an efficient workflow, the level of DNA purification applied should be correlated to the inhibitor-tolerance of the STR analysis system used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Norén
- Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL), Linköping, SE, 581 94, Sweden
| | - Ronny Hedell
- Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL), Linköping, SE, 581 94, Sweden
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE, 412 96, Sweden
| | - Ricky Ansell
- Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL), Linköping, SE, 581 94, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE, 581 83, Sweden
| | - Johannes Hedman
- Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL), Linköping, SE, 581 94, Sweden
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, SE, 221 00, Sweden
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Abstract
PCR is an important and powerful tool in several fields, including clinical diagnostics, food analysis, and forensic analysis. In theory, PCR enables the detection of one single cell or DNA molecule. However, the presence of PCR inhibitors in the sample affects the amplification efficiency of PCR, thus lowering the detection limit, as well as the precision of sequence-specific nucleic acid quantification in real-time PCR. In order to overcome the problems caused by PCR inhibitors, all the steps leading up to DNA amplification must be optimized for the sample type in question. Sampling and sample treatment are key steps, but most of the methods currently in use were developed for conventional diagnostic methods and not for PCR. Therefore, there is a need for fast, simple, and robust sample preparation methods that take advantage of the accuracy of PCR. In addition, the thermostable DNA polymerases and buffer systems used in PCR are affected differently by inhibitors. During recent years, real-time PCR has developed considerably and is now widely used as a diagnostic tool. This technique has greatly improved the degree of automation and reduced the analysis time, but has also introduced a new set of PCR inhibitors, namely those affecting the fluorescence signal. The purpose of this chapter is to view the complexity of PCR inhibition from different angles, presenting both molecular explanations and practical ways of dealing with the problem. Although diagnostic PCR brings together scientists from different diagnostic fields, end-users have not fully exploited the potential of learning from each other. Here, we have collected knowledge from archeological analysis, clinical diagnostics, environmental analysis, food analysis, and forensic analysis. The concept of integrating sampling, sample treatment, and the chemistry of PCR, i.e., pre-PCR processing, will be addressed as a general approach to overcoming real-time PCR inhibition and producing samples optimal for PCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hedman
- Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, Linköping, Sweden.
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Hair Analysis for Determination of Isoniazid Concentrations and Acetylator Phenotype during Antituberculous Treatment. Tuberc Res Treat 2012; 2012:327027. [PMID: 23091716 PMCID: PMC3469096 DOI: 10.1155/2012/327027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Analysis of isoniazid (INH) uptake has been based on measurement of plasma concentrations providing a short-term and potentially biased view. Objectives. To establish hair analysis as a tool to measure long-term uptake of INH and to assess whether acetylator phenotype in hair reflects N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) genotype. Design and Methods. INH and acetyl-INH concentrations in hair were determined in patients on INH treatment for M. tuberculosis infection using high pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Acetyl-INH/INH ratios were correlated with NAT-2 genotype. Results. Hair concentrations of INH, determined in 40 patients, were not dependent on ethnic group or body mass index and were significantly higher in male compared to female patients (median (range) 2.37 ng/mg (0.76–4.9) versus 1.11 ng/mg (0.02–7.20) (P = 0.02). Acetyl-INH/INH ratios were a median of 15.2% (14.5 to 31.7) in homozygous rapid acetylator NAT-2 genotype and 37.3% (1.73 to 51.2) in the heterozygous rapid acetylator NAT-2 genotype and both significantly higher than in the slow acetylator NAT-2 genotype with 5.8% (0.53 to 14.4) (P < 0.05).
Conclusions. Results of hair analysis for INH showed lower concentrations in females. Acetyl-INH/INH ratios were significantly lower in patients with slow acetylator versus rapid acetylator genotypes.
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Spielberger BD, Woellner C, Dueckers G, Sawalle-Belohradsky J, Hagl B, Anslinger K, Bayer B, Siepermann K, Niehues T, Grimbacher B, Belohradsky BH, Renner ED. Challenges of genetic counseling in patients with autosomal dominant diseases, such as the hyper-IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1426-8. [PMID: 22981789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fujii K, Inokuchi S, Kitayama T, Nakahara H, Mizuno N, Sekiguchi K. DNA Extraction From Various Forensic Samples Using Automated Extraction Instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3408/jafst.17.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Brownlow RJ, Dagnall KE, Ames CE. A Comparison of DNA Collection and Retrieval from Two Swab Types (Cotton and Nylon Flocked Swab) when Processed Using Three QIAGEN Extraction Methods. J Forensic Sci 2011; 57:713-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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The effect of increased cycle numbers using the Quantifiler® Duo DNA Quantification Kit (AB) on the detection of minute amounts of male DNA in mixtures and its application in routine case work. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Stangegaard M, Frøslev TG, Frank-Hansen R, Hansen AJ, Morling N. Automated Extraction of DNA from Blood and PCR Setup using a Tecan Freedom EVO Liquid Handler for Forensic Genetic STR Typing of Reference Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have implemented and validated automated protocols for DNA extraction and PCR setup using a Tecan Freedom EVO liquid handler mounted with the Te-MagS magnetic separation device (Tecan, Mannedorf, Switzerland). The protocols were validated for accredited forensic genetic work according to ISO 17025 using the Qiagen MagAttract DNA Mini M48 kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) from fresh whole blood and blood from deceased individuals. The workflow was simplified by returning the DNA extracts to the original tubes minimizing the risk of misplacing samples. The tubes that originally contained the samples were washed with MilliQ water before the return of the DNA extracts. The PCR was setup in 96-well microtiter plates. The methods were validated for the kits: AmpFSTR Identifier, SGM Plus and Yfiler (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), GenePrint FFFL and PowerPlex Y (Promega, Madison, Wl). The automated protocols allowed for extraction and addition of PCR master mix of 96 samples within 3.5 h. In conclusion, we demonstrated that (1) DNA extraction with magnetic beads and (2) PCR setup for accredited, forensic genetic short tandem repeat typing can be implemented on a simple automated liquid handler leading to the reduction of manual work, and increased quality and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stangegaard
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias G. Frøslev
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Frank-Hansen
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders J. Hansen
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chatterjee A, Mirer PL, Zaldivar Santamaria E, Klapperich C, Sharon A, Sauer-Budge AF. RNA Isolation from Mammalian Cells Using Porous Polymer Monoliths: An Approach for High-Throughput Automation. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4344-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100063f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chatterjee
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Fraunhofer USA, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446
| | - Paul L. Mirer
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Fraunhofer USA, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446
| | - Elvira Zaldivar Santamaria
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Fraunhofer USA, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446
| | - Catherine Klapperich
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Fraunhofer USA, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446
| | - Andre Sharon
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Fraunhofer USA, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446
| | - Alexis F. Sauer-Budge
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Fraunhofer USA, Brookline, Massachusetts 02446
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Grubb JC, Horsman-Hall KM, Sykes KL, Schlisserman RA, Covert VM, Rhee HN, Ban JD, Greenspoon SA. Implementation and Validation of the Teleshake Unit for DNA IQ™ Robotic Extraction and Development of a Large Volume DNA IQ™ Method. J Forensic Sci 2010; 55:706-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stangegaard M, Frøslev TG, Frank-Hansen R, Laursen SS, Jørgensen M, Hansen AJ, Morling N. Automated extraction of DNA and PCR setup using a Tecan Freedom EVO® liquid handler. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rockenbauer E, Børsting C, Stangegaard M, Frank-Hansen R, Morling N. Successful STR and SNP typing of FTA Card samples with low amounts of DNA after DNA extraction using a Qiagen BioRobot® EZ1 Workstation. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Kremser A, Bayer B, Jung S, Anslinger K. Quantifiler Human DNA Quantification Kit (Applied Biosystems) as a screening kit for DNA profiling. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Automated extraction of DNA from reference samples from various types of biological materials on the Qiagen BioRobot EZ1 Workstation. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Poon H, Elliott J, Modler J, Frégeau C. The Use of Hemastix®and the Subsequent Lack of DNA Recovery Using the Promega DNA IQTMSystem. J Forensic Sci 2009; 54:1278-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Extracting evidence from forensic DNA analyses: future molecular biology directions. Biotechniques 2009; 46:339-40, 342-50. [PMID: 19480629 DOI: 10.2144/000113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular biology tools have enhanced the capability of the forensic scientist to characterize biological evidence to the point where it is feasible to analyze minute samples and achieve high levels of individualization. Even with the forensic DNA field's maturity, there still are a number of areas where improvements can be made. These include: enabling the typing of samples of limited quantity and quality; using genetic information and novel markers to provide investigative leads; enhancing automation with robotics, different chemistries, and better software tools; employing alternate platforms for typing DNA samples; developing integrated microfluidic/microfabrication devices to process DNA samples with higher throughput, faster turnaround times, lower risk of contamination, reduced labor, and less consumption of evidentiary samples; and exploiting high-throughput sequencing, particularly for attribution in microbial forensics cases. Knowledge gaps and new directions have been identified where molecular biology will likely guide the field of forensics. This review aims to provide a roadmap to guide those interested in contributing to the further development of forensic genetics.
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Application of sperm-specific antibodies for the separation of sperm from cell mixtures. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Application of BioRobot M48 to forensic DNA extraction. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Frégeau CJ, Marc Lett C, Elliott J, Yensen C, Fourney RM. Automated Processing of Forensic Casework Samples Using Robotic Workstations Equipped with Nondisposable Tips: Contamination Prevention. J Forensic Sci 2008; 53:632-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Brettell
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, 100 College Drive, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-6196, USA
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Kishore R, Reef Hardy W, Anderson VJ, Sanchez NA, Buoncristiani MR. Optimization of DNA Extraction from Low-Yield and Degraded Samples Using the BioRobot�EZ1 and BioRobot�M48. J Forensic Sci 2006; 51:1055-61. [PMID: 17018081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Robotic extraction of DNA from dilutions of blood and semen using either the BioRobots EZ1 or BioRobots M48 consistently produced lower recoveries than standard organic extractions of the same samples. In an effort to increase the efficiency of robotically extracted DNA, glycogen and carrier RNA were added following cell lysis. The addition of glycogen, postlysis, resulted in no improvement in DNA recovery with the BioRobot EZ1. However, when carrier RNA was added to the cell lysate of limited and degraded samples extracted on the EZ1 or the M48, DNA recoveries dramatically increased four- to 20-fold. DNA yields obtained by robotic extraction in the presence of carrier RNA were as high, or higher, as those obtained by organic extraction lacking carrier RNA, while experiments that utilized carrier RNA in both types of extractions showed increased sensitivity for both methods. Furthermore, carrier RNA substantially increased the recovery of fragmented DNA with the EZ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kishore
- Jan Bashinski DNA Laboratory, California Department of Justice, 1001W. Cutting Blvd., Suite 110, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
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Tran C, Lübbe J, Sorg O, Doelker L, Carraux P, Antille C, Grand D, Leemans E, Kaya G, Saurat JH. Topical calcineurin inhibitors decrease the production of UVB-induced thymine dimers from hairless mouse epidermis. Dermatology 2006; 211:341-7. [PMID: 16286744 DOI: 10.1159/000088505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased incidence of ultraviolet-light-related skin tumours is a well-known problem in patients undergoing posttransplantation immunosuppression with systemic calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine A or tacrolimus. UV-related carcinogenesis as a consequence of long-term treatment of sun-exposed sites with topical calcineurin inhibitors is therefore of theoretical concern. RESULTS In this study, we show that tacrolimus acts as a UVB filter when incorporated into liposome membranes. In hairless mice pretreated with 1% pimecrolimus cream, 0.1% tacrolimus ointment or vehicle, the amount of epidermal thymine dimers, measured 1 h after 1 J/cm2 of UVB irradiation, was decreased by 89, 84 and 47%, respectively, as compared to untreated mice. Forty-eight hours after UVB irradiation, 97, 89 and 93% of epidermal thymine dimer levels were removed in pimecrolimus-, tacrolimus- or vehicle-treated mice, respectively. In contrast, 69% of thymine dimers, originally present in much higher amounts than in treated mice, were removed from untreated controls. UVB-induced apoptosis was less pronounced in treated mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that topical calcineurin inhibitors prevent DNA photodamage due to a filter effect of both vehicle and active components, whereas they do not affect the clearance of DNA photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tran
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
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