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Henriques-Santos BM, Baker D, Zhou N, Snavely T, Sacchettini JC, Pietrantonio PV. Target-based discovery of antagonists of the tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) kinin receptor identifies small molecules that inhibit midgut contractions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38899490 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor) target-based approach was applied to identify antagonists of the arthropod-specific tick kinin receptor. These small molecules were expected to reproduce the detrimental phenotypic effects that had been observed in Rhipicephalus microplus females when the kinin receptor was silenced by RNA interference. Rhipicephalus microplus, the southern cattle tick, cattle fever tick, or Asian blue tick, is the vector of pathogenic microorganisms causing the deadly bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. The widespread resistance to acaricides in tick populations worldwide emphasizes that exploring novel targets for effective tick control is imperative. RESULTS Fifty-three structural analogs of previously identified tick kinin antagonists were screened in a 'dual-addition' calcium fluorescence assay using a CHO-K1 cell line expressing the tick kinin receptor. Seven molecules were validated as non-cytotoxic antagonists, four of which were partial (SACC-0428764, SACC-0428780, SACC-0428800, and SACC-0428803), and three were full antagonists (SACC-0428799, SACC-0428801, and SACC-0428815). Four of these antagonists (SACC-0428764, SACC-0428780, SACC-0428799, and SACC-0428815) also inhibited the tick midgut contractions induced by the myotropic kinin agonist analog 1728, verifying their antagonistic bioactivity. The small molecules were tested on recombinant human neurokinin (NK) receptors, the one most similar to the invertebrate kinin receptors. Most molecules were inhibitors of the NK1 receptor, except SACC-0412066, a previously identified tick kinin receptor antagonist, which inhibited the NK1 receptor only at the highest concentration tested (25 μm). None of the molecules inhibited the NK3 human receptor. CONCLUSION Molecules identified through this approach could be useful probes for studying the tick kinin signaling system and midgut physiology. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dwight Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nian Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Snavely
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Meng F, Li J, Han X, Li L, Li T, Du X, Cao X, Liang Q, Huang A, Kong F, Zeng X, Bu G. TAC3 regulates GnRH/gonadotropin synthesis in female chickens. Theriogenology 2024; 215:302-311. [PMID: 38128223 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB), a peptide encoded by the tachykinin 3 (TAC3), is critical for reproduction in all studied species. However, its potential roles in birds are less clear. Using the female chicken (c-) as a model, we showed that cTAC3 is composed of five exons with a full-length cDNA of 787 bp, which was predicted to generate the mature NKB peptide containing 10 amino acids. Using cell-based luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that cNKB could effectively and specifically activate tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3) in HEK293 cells, suggesting its physiological function is likely achieved via activating cTACR3 signaling. Notably, cTAC3 and cTACR3 were predominantly and abundantly expressed in the hypothalamus of hens and meanwhile the mRNA expression of cTAC3 was continuously increased during development, suggesting that NKB-TACR3 may emerge as important components of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis. In support, intraperitoneal injection of cNKB could significantly promote hypothalamic cGnRH-Ι, and pituitary cFSHβ and cLHβ expression in female chickens. Surprisingly, cTAC3 and cTACR3 were also expressed in the pituitary gland, and cNKB treatment significantly increased cLHβ and cFSHβ expression in cultured primary pituitary cells, suggesting cNKB can also act directly at the pituitary level to stimulate gonadotropin synthesis. Collectively, our results reveal that cNKB functionally regulate GnRH/gonadotropin synthesis in female chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Meng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China.
| | - Jinxuan Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Lingyang Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Tianyang Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Liang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China.
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Xiao K, Huang H, Shi X, Shu T, Cheng X, Du H, Yang J. The Effects of Tachykinin1 Gene Products on Prepubertal Dabry's Sturgeon ( Acipenser dabrynus) Pituitary Hormone Secretion and Gene Expression. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:227. [PMID: 38254396 PMCID: PMC10812735 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As an ancient and endangered species unique to the Yangtze River in China, the wild population of the Dabry's sturgeon has become scarce. Due to the long time till the first sexual maturity of Dabry's sturgeon, the population of artificially bred Dabry's sturgeon recovered slowly. As a member of the tachykinin family, TAC1 has been reported to have a variety of functions in mammals such as pain control, smooth muscle contraction and reproductive cycle regulation, but the function of Tac1 in fish has been rarely reported. In this study, we synthesized two tac1 gene products, Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), and further verified the effect of two tac1 gene products on the secretion of related hormones in the pituitary of Dabry's Sturgeon by intraperitoneal injection and co-culture of primary cells. Expression studies revealed that the newly cloned tac1 were mainly distributed in the hypothalamus and pituitary tissue of the brain. In prepubertal Dabry's sturgeon, this study showed that the two gonadotropins' mRNA levels in pituitary tissue can be significantly increased by SP and NKA through intraperitoneal injection, and the LH protein level in serum was also increased. Further study showed that both NKA and SP could promote the two gonadotropins' mRNA expression in pituitary cells of Dabry's sturgeon. In addition, we explored the optimal dose and time of SP and NKA on pituitary cells is 24 h and over 10 nM. These results, as a whole, suggested that tac1 gene products play an important role in gonadotropin release and gonadal development in prepubertal Dabry's sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang 443100, China; (K.X.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (T.S.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Hongtao Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang 443100, China; (K.X.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (T.S.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang 443100, China; (K.X.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (T.S.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Tingting Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang 443100, China; (K.X.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (T.S.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang 443100, China; (K.X.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (T.S.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang 443100, China; (K.X.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (T.S.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang 443100, China; (K.X.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (T.S.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
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Yao G, Zou T, Luo J, Hu S, Yang L, Li J, Li X, Zhang Y, Feng K, Xu Y, Liu P. Cortical structural changes of morphometric similarity network in early-onset schizophrenia correlate with specific transcriptional expression patterns. BMC Med 2023; 21:479. [PMID: 38049797 PMCID: PMC10696871 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the neuroanatomical subtypes among early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients by exploring the association between structural alterations and molecular mechanisms using a combined analysis of morphometric similarity network (MSN) changes and specific transcriptional expression patterns. METHODS We recruited 206 subjects aged 7 to 17 years, including 100 EOS patients and 106 healthy controls (HC). Heterogeneity through discriminant analysis (HYDRA) was used to identify the EOS subtypes within the MSN strength. The differences in morphometric similarity between each EOS subtype and HC were compared. Furthermore, we examined the link between morphometric changes and brain-wide gene expression in different EOS subtypes using partial least squares regression (PLS) weight mapping, evaluated genetic commonalities with psychiatric disorders, identified functional enrichments of PLS-weighted genes, and assessed cellular transcriptional signatures. RESULTS Two distinct MSN-based EOS subtypes were identified, each exhibiting different abnormal MSN strength and cognitive functions compared to HC. The PLS1 score mapping demonstrated anterior-posterior gradients of gene expression in EOS1, whereas inverse distributions were observed in EOS2 cohorts. Genetic commonalities were identified in autistic disorder and adult schizophrenia with EOS1 and inflammatory bowel diseases with EOS2 cohorts. The EOS1 PLS1- genes (Z < -5) were significantly enriched in synaptic signaling-related functions, whereas EOS2 demonstrated enrichments in virtual infection-related pathways. Furthermore, the majority of observed associations with EOS1-specific MSN strength differences contributed to specific transcriptional changes in astrocytes and neurons. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide a comprehensive analysis of neuroanatomical subtypes in EOS, shedding light on the intricate relationships between macrostructural and molecular aspects of the EOS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Yao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Shijingshan District, 5 Shijingshan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Langxiong Yang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Humanities and Social Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- School of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kun Feng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Shijingshan District, 5 Shijingshan Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 256 Fen Dongnan Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Pozi Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Shijingshan District, 5 Shijingshan Road, Beijing, China.
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Panda SP, Kesharwani A, Singh GD, Prasanth D, Vatchavai BR, Kumari PVK, Panda SK, Mallick SP. Impose of KNDy/GnRH neural circuit in PCOS, ageing, cancer and Alzheimer's disease: StAR actions in prevention of neuroendocrine dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102086. [PMID: 37821047 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The Kisspeptin1 (KISS1)/neurokinin B (NKB)/Dynorphin (Dyn) [KNDy] neurons in the hypothalamus regulate the reproduction stage in human beings and rodents. KNDy neurons co-expressed all KISS1, NKB, and Dyn peptides, and hence commonly regarded as KISS1 neurons. KNDy neurons contribute to the "GnRH pulse generator" and are implicated in the regulation of pulsatile GnRH release. The estradiol (E2)-estrogen receptor (ER) interactions over GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus cause nitric oxide (NO) discharge, in addition to presynaptic GABA and glutamate discharge from respective neurons. The released GABA and glutamate facilitate the activity of GnRH neurons via GABAA-R and AMPA/kainate-R. The KISS1 stimulates MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling and cause the release of Ca2+ from intracellular store, which contribute to neuroendocrine function, increase apoptosis and decrease cell proliferation and metastasis. The ageing in women deteriorates KISS1/KISS1R interaction in the hypothalamus which causes lower levels of GnRH. Because examining the human brain is so challenging, decades of clinical research have failed to find the causes of KNDy/GnRH dysfunction. The KISS1/KISS1R interactions in the brain have a neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease (AD). These findings modulate the pathophysiological role of the KNDy/GnRH neural network in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) associated with ageing and, its protective role in cancer and AD. This review concludes with protecting effect of the steroid-derived acute regulatory enzyme (StAR) against neurotoxicity in the hippocampus, and hypothalamus, and these measures are fundamental for delaying ageing with PCOS. StAR could serve as novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for the most prevalent hormone-sensitive breast cancers (BCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Bhaskara Raju Vatchavai
- Sri Vasavi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pedatadepalli, Tadepalligudem, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - P V Kamala Kumari
- Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam, Andhrapradesh, India
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Isorna I, González-Moles MÁ, Muñoz M, Esteban F. Substance P and Neurokinin-1 Receptor System in Thyroid Cancer: Potential Targets for New Molecular Therapies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6409. [PMID: 37835053 PMCID: PMC10573850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous approaches have been developed to comprehend the molecular alterations underlying thyroid cancer (TC) oncogenesis and explore novel therapeutic strategies for TC. It is now well established that the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) is overexpressed in cancer cells and that NK-1R is essential for the viability of cancer cells. The binding of substance P (SP) to NK-1R in neoplastic cells plays a pivotal role in cancer progression by promoting neoplastic cell growth, protecting tumor cells from apoptosis, triggering invasion and metastasis through the enhanced migration of cancer cells, and stimulating endothelial cell proliferation for tumor angiogenesis. Remarkably, all types of human TC (papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic), as well as metastatic lesions, exhibit the overexpression of SP and NK-1R compared to the normal thyroid gland. TC cells synthesize and release SP, which exerts its multiple functions through autocrine, paracrine, intracrine, and neuroendocrine processes, including the regulation of tumor burden. Consequently, the secretion of SP from TC results in increased SP levels in plasma, which are significantly higher in TC patients compared to controls. Additionally, NK-1R antagonists have demonstrated a dose-dependent antitumor action. They impair cancer cell proliferation on one side and induce apoptosis of tumor cells on the other side. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that NK-1R antagonists inhibit neoplastic cell migration, thereby impairing both invasiveness and metastatic abilities, as well as angiogenesis. Given the consistent overexpression of NK-1R in all types of TC, targeting this receptor represents a promising therapeutic approach for TC. Therefore, NK-1R antagonists, such as the drug aprepitant, may represent novel drugs for TC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Isorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.I.); (F.E.)
| | | | - Miguel Muñoz
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Esteban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Seville, Spain; (I.I.); (F.E.)
- School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Chen J, Ye P, Gu R, Zhu H, He W, Mu X, Wu X, Pang H, Han F, Nie X. Neuropeptide substance P: A promising regulator of wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115736. [PMID: 37549795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past, neuropeptide substance P (SP) was predominantly recognized as a neuroinflammatory factor, while its potent healing activity was overlooked. This paper aims to review the regulatory characteristics of neuropeptide SP in both normal and diabetic wound healing. SP actively in the regulation of wound healing-related cells directly and indirectly, exhibiting robust inflammatory properties, promoting cell proliferation and migration and restoring the activity and paracrine ability of skin cells under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, SP not only regulates healing-related cells but also orchestrates the immune environment, thereby presenting unique and promising application prospects in wound intervention. As new SP-based preparations are being explored, SP-related drugs are poised to become an effective therapeutic intervention for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Penghui Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Rifang Gu
- University Medical Office, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wenjie He
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Huiwen Pang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Safwat A, Helmy A, Gupta A. The Role of Substance P Within Traumatic Brain Injury and Implications for Therapy. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1567-1583. [PMID: 37132595 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the role of the neuropeptide substance P within the neuroinflammation that follows traumatic brain injury. It examines it in reference to its preferential receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor, and explores the evidence for antagonism of this receptor in traumatic brain injury with therapeutic intent. Expression of substance P increases following traumatic brain injury. Subsequent binding to the neurokinin-1 receptor results in neurogenic inflammation, a cause of deleterious secondary effects that include an increased intracranial pressure and poor clinical outcome. In several animal models of TBI, neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism has been shown to reduce brain edema and the resultant rise in intracranial pressure. A brief overview of the history of substance P is presented, alongside an exploration into the chemistry of the neuropeptide with a relevance to its functions within the central nervous system. This review summarizes the scientific and clinical rationale for substance P antagonism as a promising therapy for human TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Safwat
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Helmy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Gupta
- Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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9
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Sun W, Yang F, Zhang H, Yuan Q, Ling S, Wang Y, Lv P, Li Z, Luo Y, Liu D, Yin W, Shi P, Xu HE, Tian C. Structural insights into neurokinin 3 receptor activation by endogenous and analogue peptide agonists. Cell Discov 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37391393 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) is a tachykinin receptor essential for the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The endogenous peptide agonist neurokinin B (NKB) preferentially activates NK3R, while substance P (SP) binds preferentially to NK1R. In addition, the SP analogue senktide more potently activates NK3R than NKB and SP. However, the mechanisms of preferential binding of peptide and NK3R activation remain elusive. Herein, we determined the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the NK3R-Gq complex bound to NKB, SP and senktide. The three NK3R-Gq/peptide complexes utilize a class of noncanonical receptor activation mechanisms. Combining the structural analysis and functional assay illustrated that the consensus C-termini of the three peptide agonists share a conserved binding mode to NK3R, while the divergent N-termini of the peptides confer the preferential binding of the agonist to NK3R. In addition, the specific interactions between the N-terminus of senktide and the N-terminus and extracellular loops (ECL2 and ECL3) of NK3R lead to the improved activation displayed by senktide compared to SP and NKB. These findings pave the way to understand tachykinin receptor subtype selectivity and provide ideas to rationally develop drugs targeting NK3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglong Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pei Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Pan Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changlin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Resonance Image, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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10
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Xie Y, Shi X, Xiao K, Zhou L, Shu T, Du H, Yang J, Hu G. Sequences analysis and pituitary actions of tachykinins in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Gene 2023:147592. [PMID: 37356741 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Tachykinins belong to a large, evolutionarily conserved family of brain/gut peptides that are involved in a variety of physiological functions in mammals, such as reproductive regulation. However, little information was available about tachykinins in ancient fish lineage. In the present study, we firstly identified three tachykinin genes (named tac1, tac3 and tac4) and three neurokinin receptors (named nk1r, nk2r and nk3r) from Chinese sturgeon brain and pituitary. Sequence analysis showed that tac1 encoded substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), tac3 encoded neurokinin B (NKB) and NKB-related peptide (NKBRP), and tac4 encoded hemokin 1 (HK-1) and hemokin 2 (HK-2), respectively. The luciferase reporter assay results showed that NK1R preferentially selected asSP, NK2R preferentially selected asNKA, and NK3R preferentially selected asNKB. Tissue expression analysis showed that the three tac genes were highly detected in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, whereas nkr genes were widely expressed in peripheral tissues. Spatio-temporal expression analysis showed that all three tac genes were highly expressed in unknown sex individuals. Intraperitoneal injection experiments showed that both asSP and asNKB could stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release in Chinese sturgeon serum. At the transcriptional level, asSP and asNKB could significantly reduce pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone beta (fshβ) mRNA expression, but induce pituitary growth hormone (gh) mRNA expression. In addition, estradiol (E2) could stimulate tac3 mRNA expression in hypothalamus. Taken together, this study provided information on the tachykinin family in Chinese sturgeon and demonstrates that asNKB and asSP could be involved in reproductive and growth regulation in pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Xie
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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11
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Heilig M. Stress-related neuropeptide systems as targets for treatment of alcohol addiction: A clinical perspective. J Intern Med 2023; 293:559-573. [PMID: 37052145 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is a major cause of disability and death globally. These negative consequences disproportionately affect people who develop alcohol addiction, a chronic relapsing condition characterized by increased motivation to use alcohol, choice of alcohol over healthy, natural rewards, and continued use despite negative consequences. Available pharmacotherapies for alcohol addiction are few, have effect sizes in need of improvement, and remain infrequently prescribed. Research aimed at developing novel therapeutics has in large part focused on attenuating pleasurable or "rewarding" properties of alcohol, but this targets processes that primarily play a role as initiation factors. As clinical alcohol addiction develops, long-term changes in brain function result in a shift of affective homeostasis, and rewarding alcohol effects become progressively reduced. Instead, increased stress sensitivity and negative affective states emerge in the absence of alcohol and create powerful incentives for relapse and continued use through negative reinforcement, or "relief." Based on research in animal models, several neuropeptide systems have been proposed to play an important role in this shift, suggesting that these systems could be targeted by novel medications. Two mechanisms in this category, antagonism at corticotropin-releasing factor type 1, and neurokinin 1/substance P receptors, have been subject to initial evaluation in humans. A third, kappa-opioid receptor antagonism, has been evaluated in nicotine addiction and could soon be tested for alcohol. This paper discusses findings with these mechanisms to date, and their prospects as future targets for novel medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University and Department of Psychiatry, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Martins MS, Almeida IF, Cruz MT, Sousa E. Chronic pruritus: from pathophysiology to drug design. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115568. [PMID: 37116666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus, the most common symptom in dermatology, is an innate response capable of protecting skin against irritants. Nonetheless, when it lasts more than six weeks it is assumed to be a chronic pathology having a negative impact on people's lives. Chronic pruritus (CP) can occur in common and rare skin diseases, having a high prevalence in global population. The existing therapies are unable to counteract CP or are associated with adverse effects, so the development of effective treatments is a pressing issue. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CP are not yet completely dissected but, based on current knowledge, involve a wide range of receptors, namely neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), Janus kinase (JAK), and transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, especially transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). This review will address the relevance of these molecular targets for the treatment of CP and molecules capable of modulating these receptors that have already been studied clinically or have the potential to possibly alleviate this pathology. According to scientific and clinical literature, there is an increase in the expression of these molecular targets in the lesioned skin of patients experiencing CP when compared with non-lesioned skin, highlighting their importance for the development of potential efficacious drugs through the design of antagonists/inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S Martins
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaobel F Almeida
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria T Cruz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Zhu Z, Bhatia M. Inflammation and Organ Injury the Role of Substance P and Its Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076140. [PMID: 37047113 PMCID: PMC10094202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tightly controlled inflammation is an indispensable mechanism in the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis in living organisms. However, aberrant inflammation is detrimental and has been suggested as a key contributor to organ injury with different etiologies. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide with a robust effect on inflammation. The proinflammatory effects of SP are achieved by activating its functional receptors, namely the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) receptor and mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X member 2 (MRGPRX2) and its murine homolog MRGPRB2. Upon activation, the receptors further signal to several cellular signaling pathways involved in the onset, development, and progression of inflammation. Therefore, excessive SP-NK1R or SP-MRGPRX2/B2 signals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated organ injury. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of SP and its receptors and the emerging roles of the SP-NK1R system and the SP-MRGPRX2/B2 system in inflammation and injury in multiple organs resulting from different pathologies. We also briefly discuss the prospect of developing a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory organ injury by disrupting the proinflammatory actions of SP via pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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14
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055001. [PMID: 36902434 PMCID: PMC10003326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV-ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
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15
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Wang X, Wang Q, Zhao M, Xu Y, Fu B, Zhang L, Wu S, Yang D, Jia C. Cold exposure-induced alterations in the brain peptidome and gut microbiome are linked to energy homeostasis in mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100525. [PMID: 36871861 PMCID: PMC10114514 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy homeostasis of mammals during cold exposure involves complicated neural regulation and is affected by gut microbiota. However, the regulatory mechanism remains unclear partially due to a lack of comprehensive knowledge of the signaling molecules involved. Herein, we performed region-resolvable quantitative profiling of the brain peptidome using cold-exposed mouse models and interrogated the interaction between gut microbes and brain peptides in response to cold. Region-specific alterations in the brain peptidome were observed during chronic cold exposure and were correlated with gut microbiome composition. Several proSAAS-derived peptides exhibited a positive correlation with Lactobacillus. The hypothalamus-pituitary axis exhibited a sensitive response to cold exposure. We obtained a candidate pool of bioactive peptides that potentially participate in the regulation of cold-induced energy homeostasis. Intervention with cold-adapted microbiota in mice decreased the abundance of hypothalamic neurokinin B and subsequently contributed to shifting the fuel source for energy consumption from lipids to glucose. Collectively, this study demonstrated that gut microbes modulate brain peptides contributing to energy metabolism, providing a data resource for understanding the regulatory mechanism of energy homeostasis upon cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China; School of Chemistry &Environmental Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Danfeng Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Chenxi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing 102206, China; Lead contact.
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16
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de Farias Araujo G, Medeiros RJ, Maciel-Magalhães M, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to assess the effects of cocaine as a drug of abuse and its environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28459-28479. [PMID: 36689115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine (COC) use concerns are on the increase for both authorities and civil society. Despite this, it is important to investigate COC effects or those of its main metabolite, belzoylecgonine (BE), in consolidated aquatic model organisms, such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio). This (mini) review consists in an assessment regarding toxicological studies carried out employing zebrafish (embryos, larvae or adults) exposed to COC and/or BE indexed at the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Ten different endpoints were analyzed in both embryos and larvae, whereas only four were analyzed in adults. Of the 23 studies, only five investigated COC and/or BE effects following an environmental approach when exposing zebrafish, while most (18 studies) analyzed COC effects under a drug of abuse approach. Cocaine exposure was noted as altering the expression of several genes, such as those linked to COC transport proteins, dopamine receptors, SP substance production, the tachykinin system, and the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme. BE exposure resulted in more oxidative and proteomic effects than COC in embryos. Cocaine abstinence resulted in hyperactivity associated with stereotypy in adult fish, in addition to reduced responses to visual stimuli to red light and neuronal development pattern alterations. Cocaine was noted as accumulating in zebrafish eyes, possibly due to melanin binding, and causing dose-response cardiac effects in both embryos and adults. Despite the different effects addressed by our survey, we emphasize the lack of COC and BE exposure assessments in zebrafish employing an environmental point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel de Farias Araujo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública E Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Renata Jurema Medeiros
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Magno Maciel-Magalhães
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade Em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública E Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública E Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
- Laboratório de Avaliação E Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
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17
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Zhang WW, Chen T, Li SY, Wang XY, Liu WB, Wang YQ, Mi WL, Mao-Ying QL, Wang YQ, Chu YX. Tachykinin receptor 3 in the lateral habenula alleviates pain and anxiety comorbidity in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1049739. [PMID: 36756128 PMCID: PMC9900122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1049739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of chronic pain and anxiety is a common clinical phenomenon. Here, the role of tachykinin receptor 3 (NK3R) in the lateral habenula (LHb) in trigeminal neuralgia and in pain-associated anxiety was systematically investigated. First, electrophysiological recording showed that bilateral LHb neurons are hyperactive in a mouse model of trigeminal neuralgia made by partial transection of the infraorbital nerve (pT-ION). Chemicogenetic activation of bilateral LHb glutamatergic neurons in naive mice induced orofacial allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors, and pharmacological activation of NK3R in the LHb attenuated allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors induced by pT-ION. Electrophysiological recording showed that pharmacological activation of NK3R suppressed the abnormal excitation of LHb neurons. In parallel, pharmacological inhibition of NK3R induced orofacial allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in naive mice. The electrophysiological recording showed that pharmacological inhibition of NK3R activates LHb neurons. Neurokinin B (NKB) is an endogenous high-affinity ligand of NK3R, which binds NK3R and activates it to perform physiological functions, and further neuron projection tracing showed that the front section of the periaqueductal gray (fPAG) projects NKB-positive nerve fibers to the LHb. Optogenetics combined with electrophysiology recordings characterize the functional connections in this fPAG NKB → LHb pathway. In addition, electrophysiological recording showed that NKB-positive neurons in the fPAG were more active than NKB-negative neurons in pT-ION mice. Finally, inhibition of NKB release from the fPAG reversed the analgesic and anxiolytic effects of LHb Tacr3 overexpression in pT-ION mice, indicating that fPAG NKB → LHb regulates orofacial allodynia and pain-induced anxious behaviors. These findings for NK3R suggest the cellular mechanism behind pT-ION in the LHb and suggest that the fPAG NKB → LHb circuit is involved in pain and anxiety comorbidity. This previously unrecognized pathway might provide a potential approach for relieving the pain and anxiety associated with trigeminal neuralgia by targeting NK3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yi Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Xia Chu, ; Yan-Qing Wang,
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Xia Chu, ; Yan-Qing Wang,
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18
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Kokabi F, Ebrahimi S, Mirzavi F, Ghiasi Nooghabi N, Hashemi SF, Hashemy SI. The neuropeptide substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor system and diabetes: From mechanism to therapy. Biofactors 2023. [PMID: 36651605 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant public health issue known as the world's fastest-growing disease condition. It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and subsequent chronic complications leading to organ dysfunction and, ultimately, the failure of target organs. Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide that belongs to the family of tachykinin (TK) peptides. The SP-mediated activation of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) regulates many pathophysiological processes in the body. There is also a relation between the SP/NK1R system and diabetic processes. Importantly, deregulated expression of SP has been reported in diabetes and diabetes-associated chronic complications. SP can induce both diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic effects and thus affect the pathology of diabetes destructively or protectively. Here, we review the current knowledge of the functional relevance of the SP/NK1R system in diabetes pathogenesis and its exploitation for diabetes therapy. A comprehensive understanding of the role of the SP/NK1R system in diabetes is expected to shed further light on developing new therapeutic possibilities for diabetes and its associated chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Kokabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Blasco V, Pinto FM, Fernández-Atucha A, Dodd NP, Fernández-Sánchez M, Candenas L. Female Infertility Is Associated with an Altered Expression Profile of Different Members of the Tachykinin Family in Human Granulosa Cells. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:258-269. [PMID: 35739351 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB) and its cognate receptor, NK3R, play a key role in the regulation of reproduction. NKB belongs to the family of tachykinins, which also includes substance P and neurokinin A, both encoded by the by the gene TAC1, and hemokinin-1, encoded by the TAC4 gene. In addition to NK3R, tachykinin effects are mediated by NK1R and NK2R, encoded by the genes TACR1 and TACR2, respectively. The role of these other tachykinins and receptors in the regulation of women infertility is mainly unknown. We have analyzed the expression profile of TAC1, TAC4, TACR1, and TACR2 in mural granulosa and cumulus cells from women presenting different infertility etiologies, including polycystic ovarian syndrome, advanced maternal age, low ovarian response, and endometriosis. We also studied the expression of MME, the gene encoding neprilysin, the most important enzyme involved in tachykinin degradation. Our data show that TAC1, TAC4, TACR1, TACR2, and MME expression is dysregulated in a different manner depending on the etiology of women infertility. The abnormal expression of these tachykinins and their receptors might be involved in the decreased fertility of these patients, offering a new insight regarding the diagnosis and treatment of women infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Blasco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-US, Seville, Spain
- IVI-RMA Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Nicolás Prados Dodd
- IVI-RMA Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular E Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Sánchez
- IVI-RMA Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Molecular E Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | - Luz Candenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-US, Seville, Spain
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Prognostic Significance of Substance P and Neurokinin-1 Receptor in Bladder Cancer. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:411-420. [PMID: 36718293 PMCID: PMC9883027 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary cancers with significant mortality. Finding reliable tumor markers and potential drug targets can improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and more effective therapeutic protocols. Previous studies have reported the involvement of the substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) system in cancers. The potential prognostic role and the interaction of SP and NK-1R in bladder tumor are yet to be elucidated. Methods Serum samples from 22 primarily diagnosed patients with bladder cancer as well as 22 healthy controls were examined for SP level using ELISA method. Tissue distribution of NK-1R in tumor samples and their adjacent normal tissues was evaluated through immunohistochemistry. Results Serum SP levels in patients with bladder cancer were higher than the healthy group (p< 0.001) and had a significant correlation with NK-1R staining intensity (p< 0.001), percentage of stained cells (p< 0.001), and NK-1R tissue distribution. Also, the immunoreactivity of NK-1R in cancer samples increased significantly without correlation with tumor characteristics. However, no significant association was found between SP and NK-1R levels with clinical characteristics including tumor size (p= 0.33), tumor stage (p= 0.29), grade (p= 0.93), NK-1R staining intensity (p= 0.53), and percentage of stained cells (p= 0.32). Discussion According to our findings, despite the lack of association between SP and NK-1R with clinical characteristics of bladder cancer, their serum levels were higher in patients with bladder cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential prognostic role of SP and NK-1R in bladder cancer.
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Wang S, Liu L, Blanco T, Ge H, Xia Y, Pang K, Chen Y, Dana R. Therapeutic efficacy of topical blockade of substance P in experimental allergic red eye. Ocul Surf 2022; 26:184-190. [PMID: 36067981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common cause leading to ocular redness (OR). Herein, using an animal model of allergic OR, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of topical blockade of substance P (SP) in treating red eye. METHODS Allergic OR was induced in guinea pigs with topical histamine. Ocular SP was blocked using a specific SP receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor, NK1R) antagonist, L-703,606, via topical application 10 min before or 10 min after histamine instillation. Animal eyes were examined and a series of images were taken for up to 60 min post-OR induction. The severity of redness was analyzed using the quantitative ocular redness index (ORI). At the end of clinical examination, conjunctival tissues were collected for histological examination of conjunctival blood vessels and infiltrating eosinophils and neutrophils. In addition, SP concentration was quantified in the tear fluid and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed in the conjunctival tissues. RESULTS Topical histamine application successfully induced red eye, evidenced by the significantly increased ORI during the observation period, with peak values at 10 min, along with significantly increased levels of SP in the tears. Topical treatment with L-703,606, either before histamine application or at the time of peak ORI, effectively reduced ORI and suppressed conjunctival blood vessel dilation, along with decreased eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine expression in the conjunctiva, as well as reduced SP levels in the tears. CONCLUSIONS Topical blockade of SP effectively prevents and treats allergy-related ocular redness by suppressing blood vessel dilation and allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lingjia Liu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yutong Xia
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kunpeng Pang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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22
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Hsin L, Fernandopulle NA, Ding J, Lumb C, Veldhuis N, Karas JA, Northfield SE, Mackay GA. The effect of substance P and its common in vivo-formed metabolites on MRGPRX2 and human mast cell activation. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00990. [PMID: 35904495 PMCID: PMC9337217 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tachykinin neuropeptide substance P (SP) is the canonical agonist peptide for the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). More recently, it has also been shown to activate the Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) receptor on mast cells (MCs), triggering degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators. SP undergoes rapid C‐terminal truncation in vivo by a number of proteases to generate the metabolites SP(1–9)‐COOH and in particular SP(1–7)‐COOH. While the C terminus of SP is critical for NK1R activation, studies have shown that the peptide polycationic N terminus is key for MRGPRX2 and mast cell activation. The study thus aimed to determine if the C‐terminally truncated metabolites of SP, SP(1–9)‐COOH, and SP(1–7)‐COOH retained stimulatory activity at MRGPRX2. SP, SP(1–9)‐COOH, and SP(1–7)‐COOH were synthesized and tested on HEK293 cells expressing NK1R or MRGPRX2, and LAD2 human mast cells, to determine the activity of SP and its metabolites in Ca2+ mobilization, degranulation, and cytokine assays. As expected from prior studies, both C‐terminally truncated SP metabolites had essentially no activity at NK1R, even at very high concentrations. In contrast, the in vivo metabolite of SP, SP(1–9)‐COOH retained ability to activate MRGPRX2 across all parameters tested, albeit with reduced potency compared to intact SP. SP(1–7)‐COOH did not produce any significant MRGRPX2 activation. Our results suggest that the SP metabolite, SP(1–9)‐COOH, may play a regulatory role through the activation of MRGPRX2. However, given the relatively low potency of both SP and SP(1–9)‐COOH at MRGPRX2, additional work is needed to better understand the biological importance of this expanded SP/MRGPRX2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hsin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nithya A Fernandopulle
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Lumb
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Karas
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan E Northfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham A Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Li WS, Lee KTD, Chen LY, You BJ, Lee HZ. Identification of Key Pathways Involved in White Strain of Hypsizygus marmoreus Extracts-Induced Cell Death of Human Hepatoma Hep3B Cells by Next Generation Sequencing. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888863. [PMID: 35784738 PMCID: PMC9243229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
White strain of Hypsizygus marmoreus is named as white genius mushroom (WGM) and is a popular food in Taiwan. We have confirmed the cytotoxicity of WGM extracts on human Hep3B liver cancer cells. A total of 8711 significantly differential genes were identified through large-scale transcriptome sequencing. According to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, autophagy, mitophagy and apoptosis pathways were identified as significant in WGM extracts-treated cells. WGM extracts induced a dose-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane-enclosed vacuoles in Hep3B cells. The inhibition of ROS by the ROS scavengers blocked the induction of cell death and vacuoles formation. We suggested that the cell death and membrane-enclosed vacuoles induced by WGM extracts are dependent on ROS production in Hep3B cells. (2E,6E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35-Nonamethylhexatriaconta-2,6,34-triene-1,11,15,19,23,27,31-heptol and (18:2) lysophosphatidylcholine were identified in WGM extracts. In addition to being a very popular edible mushrooms, WGM may be developed into a dietary supplement or dietary chemopreventive agent for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sung Li
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Tsung Denzel Lee
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Jau You
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Zin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hong-Zin Lee,
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Seminara SB, Topaloglu AK. Review of human genetic and clinical studies directly relevant to GnRH signalling. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13080. [PMID: 34970798 PMCID: PMC9299506 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
GnRH is the pivotal hormone in controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis in humans and other mammalian species. GnRH function is influenced by a multitude of known and still unknown environmental and genetic factors. Molecular genetic studies on human families with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism over the past two decades have been instrumental in delineating the kisspeptin and neurokinin B signalling, which integrally modulates GnRH release from the hypothalamus. The identification of kisspeptin and neurokinin B ligand-receptor gene pair mutations in patients with absent puberty have paved the way to a greater understanding of the central regulation of the HPG cascade. In this article, we aim to review the literature on the genetic and clinical aspects of GnRH and its receptor, as well as the two ligand-receptor sets directly pertinent to the function of GnRH hormone signalling, kisspeptin/ kisspeptin receptor and NKB/NK3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B. Seminara
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A. Kemal Topaloglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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25
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Golestaneh M, Firoozrai M, Javid H, Hashemy SI. The substance P/ neurokinin-1 receptor signaling pathway mediates metastasis in human colorectal SW480 cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4893-4900. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Is Essential for the Viability of Human Glioma Cells: A Possible Target for Treating Glioblastoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6291504. [PMID: 35434136 PMCID: PMC9006081 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6291504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma or glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor. Patients have a prognosis of approximately 15 months, despite the current aggressive treatment. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) occurs naturally in human glioma, and it is necessary for the tumor development. Objective The purpose of the study was to increase the knowledge about the involvement of the substance P (SP)/NK-1R system in human glioma. Methods Cellular localization of NK-1R and SP was studied in GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cell lines by immunofluorescence. The contribution of both SP and NK-1R to the viability of these cells was also assessed after applying the tachykinin 1 receptor (TAC1R) or the tachykinin 1 (TAC1) small interfering RNA gene silencing method, respectively. Results Both SP and the NK-1R (full-length and truncated isoforms) were localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cells. The presence of full-length NK-1R isoform was mainly observed in the nucleus, while the level of truncated isoform was higher in the cytoplasm. Cell proliferation was decreased when glioma cells were transfected with TAC1R siRNA, but not with TAC1. U-87 MG cells were more sensitive to the effect of the TAC1R inhibition than GAMG cells. The decrease in the number of glioma cells after silencing of the TAC1R siRNA gene was due to apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms. In human primary fibroblast cultured cells, TAC1R silencing by siRNA did not produce any change in cell viability. Conclusions Our results show for the first time that the expression of the TAC1R gene (NK-1R) is essential for the viability of GAMG and U-87 MG glioma cells. On the contrary, the TAC1R gene is not essential for the viability of normal cells, confirming that NK-1R could be a promising and specific therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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27
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Sergeeva OA, Mazur K, Kernder A, Haas HL, De Luca R. Tachykinins amplify the action of capsaicin on central histaminergic neurons. Peptides 2022; 150:170729. [PMID: 34958850 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP), a product of the tachykinin 1 (Tac1) gene, is expressed in many hypothalamic neurons. Its wake-promoting potential could be mediated through histaminergic (HA) neurons of the tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN), where functional expression of neurokinin receptors (NKRs) waits to be characterized. As in the process of nociception in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) capsaicin-receptor (transient potential vanilloid 1: TRPV1) signalling is amplified by local release of histamine and SP, we tested the involvement of tachykinins in the capsaicin-induced long-lasting enhancement (LLEcaps) of HA neurons firing by investigating selective neurokinin receptor ligands in the hypothalamic mouse brain slice preparation using patch-clamp recordings in cell-attached mode combined with single-cell RT-PCR. We report that the majority of HA neurons respond to SP (EC50 3 nM), express the SP precursor tachykinin 1 (Tac1) gene and at least one of the neurokinin receptors. Responses to selective agonists of three known neurokinin receptors were sensitive to corresponding antagonists. LLEcaps was significantly impaired by the neurokinin receptor antagonists, indicating that in hypothalamus, as in the PNS, release of tachykinins downstream to TRPV1 activation is able to boost the release of histamine. The excitatory action of SP on histaminergic neurons adds another pathway to the noradrenergic and orexinergic ones to synergistically enhance cortical arousal. We show NK1R to play a prominent role on HA neurons and thus the control of wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Sergeeva
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology (ICNMP), Group of Molecular Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - K Mazur
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology (ICNMP), Group of Molecular Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Kernder
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H L Haas
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R De Luca
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mun SH, Oh HJ, Kwon JY. Response of Pituitary Cells and Tissues to Neurokinin B and F in the Nile tilapia. Dev Reprod 2022; 26:13-21. [PMID: 35528319 PMCID: PMC9042391 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2022.26.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB) is a neuropeptide involved in the regulation of reproductive
endocrine system of vertebrate animals, including fish. However, the pathway of
NKB action in fish has not been clearly elucidated. In order to clarify the
effect of NKB and NKF (neurokinin F) on gonadotropic hormone (GTH) gene
expression in the pituitary, we studied the changes of LHβ and
FSHβ gene expressions by using two different pituitary culture methods
(whole pituitary culture or dispersed pituitary cell culture). Pituitaries were
removed from mature female and male Nile tilapia. Changes of LHβ and
FSHβ gene expressions were measured and compared after the treatment with
NKB or NKF peptides at concentrations 0 to 1,000 nM. Expression of GTH genes in
the whole pituitary cultures treated with NKB or NKF peptides did not show
significant difference except in female at one concentration when treated with
NKF. On the contrary, there were significant changes of GTH gene expressions in
the dispersed pituitary cell cultures when treated with NKB and NKF peptides.
These results suggest that dispersed pituitary cell culture is more relevant
than whole pituitary culture in studying the function of pituitary, and that NKB
and NKF could act directly on the pituitary to regulate the expression of GTH
genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Mun
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Oh
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Joon Yeong Kwon
- Dept. of Aquatic Life Medical Science, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea
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Sahni S, Lobo-Romero A, Smith T. Contemporary Non-hormonal Therapies for the Management of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated with Menopause: A Literature Review. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2022; 17:133-137. [PMID: 35118459 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2021.17.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 75% of all menopausal women experience bothersome vasomotor symptoms including hot flushes and night sweats. Yet vasomotor symptoms continue to be an undertreated and underdiagnosed symptom of menopause which can negatively affect a woman's overall quality of life. While hormone therapy has been widely utilized to ameliorate hot flushes, not all women are candidates for use, especially those with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic disease, and/or women at an increased risk of certain hormone-dependent cancers. The current literature provides strong evidence for non-hormonal therapies in women who experience vasomotor symptoms. This article reviews the evidence for the use of non-hormonal pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of menopausal symptoms including antidepressants, gabapentinoids, clonidine and anticholinergics. We also review data on emerging therapies including the latest evidence on neurokinin-1 and -3 antagonists. These therapies should be considered when hormonal options are contraindicated and/or not preferred by the patient. While there are many options available, clinicians should individualize therapy based on the patient's needs and goals while mitigating bothersome side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sahni
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Jacoby Center for Breast Health, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Angie Lobo-Romero
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Women's Health, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Taryn Smith
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Campo A, Dufour S, Rousseau K. Tachykinins, new players in the control of reproduction and food intake: A comparative review in mammals and teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1056939. [PMID: 36589829 PMCID: PMC9800884 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1056939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the tachykinin system includes tachykinin genes, which encode one or two peptides each, and tachykinin receptors. The complexity of this system is reinforced by the massive conservation of gene duplicates after the whole-genome duplication events that occurred in vertebrates and furthermore in teleosts. Added to this, the expression of the tachykinin system is more widespread than first thought, being found beyond the brain and gut. The discovery of the co-expression of neurokinin B, encoded by the tachykinin 3 gene, and kisspeptin/dynorphin in neurons involved in the generation of GnRH pulse, in mammals, put a spotlight on the tachykinin system in vertebrate reproductive physiology. As food intake and reproduction are linked processes, and considering that hypothalamic hormones classically involved in the control of reproduction are reported to regulate also appetite and energy homeostasis, it is of interest to look at the potential involvement of tachykinins in these two major physiological functions. The purpose of this review is thus to provide first a general overview of the tachykinin system in mammals and teleosts, before giving a state of the art on the different levels of action of tachykinins in the control of reproduction and food intake. This work has been conducted with a comparative point of view, highlighting the major similarities and differences of tachykinin systems and actions between mammals and teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Campo
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTsion, Israel
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Karine Rousseau
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit PhyMA Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation CNRS, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Karine Rousseau,
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Crespo D, Skaftnesmo KO, Kjærner-Semb E, Yilmaz O, Norberg B, Olausson S, Vogelsang P, Bogerd J, Kleppe L, Edvardsen RB, Andersson E, Wargelius A, Hansen TJ, Fjelldal PG, Schulz RW. Pituitary Gonadotropin Gene Expression During Induced Onset of Postsmolt Maturation in Male Atlantic Salmon: In Vivo and Tissue Culture Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:826920. [PMID: 35370944 PMCID: PMC8964956 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.826920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Precocious male maturation causes reduced welfare and increased production costs in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. The pituitary produces and releases follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh), the gonadotropin triggering puberty in male salmonids. However, little is known about how Fsh production is regulated in Atlantic salmon. We examined, in vivo and ex vivo, transcriptional changes of gonadotropin-related genes accompanying the initial steps of testis maturation, in pituitaries of males exposed to photoperiod and temperature conditions promoting maturation (constant light and 16°C). Pituitary fshb, lhb and gnrhr2bba transcripts increased in vivo in maturing males (gonado-somatic index > 0.1%). RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis using pituitaries from genetically similar males carrying the same genetic predisposition to mature, but differing by responding or not responding to stimulatory environmental conditions, revealed 144 differentially expressed genes, ~2/3rds being up-regulated in responders, including fshb and other pituitary hormones, steroid-related and other puberty-associated transcripts. Functional enrichment analyses confirmed gene involvement in hormone/steroid production and gonad development. In ex vivo studies, whole pituitaries were exposed to a selection of hormones and growth factors. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) up-regulated gnrhr2bba and lhb, while fshb was up-regulated by Gnrh but down-regulated by 11-KT in pituitaries from immature males. Also pituitaries from maturing males responded to Gnrh and sex steroids by increased gnrhr2bba and lhb transcript levels, but fshb expression remained unchanged. Growth factors (inhibin A, activin A and insulin-like growth factor 1) did not change gnrhr2bba, lhb or fshb transcript levels in pituitaries either from immature or maturing males. Additional pituitary ex vivo studies on candidates identified by RNAseq showed that these transcripts were preferentially regulated by Gnrh and sex steroids, but not by growth factors, and that Gnrh/sex steroids were less effective when incubating pituitaries from maturing males. Our results suggest that a yet to be characterized mechanism up-regulating fshb expression in the salmon pituitary is activated in response to stimulatory environmental conditions prior to morphological signs of testis maturation, and that the transcriptional program associated with this mechanism becomes unresponsive or less responsive to most stimulators ex vivo once males had entered pubertal developmental in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Crespo
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Diego Crespo,
| | - Kai Ove Skaftnesmo
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Kjærner-Semb
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ozlem Yilmaz
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway
| | - Birgitta Norberg
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway
| | - Sara Olausson
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway
| | - Petra Vogelsang
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Bogerd
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lene Kleppe
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf B. Edvardsen
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Andersson
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Wargelius
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom J. Hansen
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research Station, Matredal, Norway
| | - Per Gunnar Fjelldal
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research Station, Matredal, Norway
| | - Rüdiger W. Schulz
- Research Group Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Chen FX, Wan Q, Li QL, Fang J, Peng L, Hu J. Substance P prevents doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating apoptosis and autophagy: In vitro and in vivo evidence. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:50. [PMID: 34913064 PMCID: PMC8711026 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of substance P (SP) in myocardial ischemia is well understood, but its effects on congestive heart failure are unclear. The present study aimed to use in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the effects of SP on doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyocyte injury. Pathological changes, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte ultrastructure and molecular mechanisms were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effects of SP on cell viability of H9c2 myocardial cells were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometry. B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), Beclin‑1 and microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3 (LC3) were detected by western blotting. Heart failure in rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. The in vitro data demonstrated that SP at concentrations of 1 µg/ml inhibited doxorubicin‑induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Administration of doxorubicin reduced Bcl‑2, Beclin‑1 and LC3 expression levels in H9c2 cells, while having no effect on Bax levels. Administration of SP to these doxorubicin‑treated cells did not affect Bcl‑2 or Bax expression, but further reduced Beclin‑1 while inhibiting the reduction in LC3 expression. In vivo, food intake was significantly increased in rats in the SP group compared with the model group. Cardiomyocytes in the heart‑failure group underwent dysfunctional autophagy as ascertained by transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the heart‑failure group, these pathological changes, including loss of striations and vacuolation, were inhibited by SP treatment, which promoted Bax expression, reduced Beclin‑1 expression and inhibited the reduction in LC3 expression. Taken together, SP reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyocyte injury, likely by promoting autophagy, which suggested that SP is a potential therapeutic target for doxorubicin‑induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xiu Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Ling Li
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Le Peng
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Edvinsson JC, Reducha PV, Sheykhzade M, Warfvinge K, Haanes KA, Edvinsson L. Neurokinins and their receptors in the rat trigeminal system: Differential localization and release with implications for migraine pain. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211059400. [PMID: 34898306 PMCID: PMC8679402 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211059400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have both been
considered potential drug candidates in migraine therapy. In recent years, CGRP
receptor inhibition has been established as an effective treatment, in
particular as a prophylactic for chronic migraine. Curiously, inhibition of
neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R) failed to alleviate acute migraine attacks in
clinical trials, and the neurokinins were consequently abandoned as potential
antimigraine candidates. The reason behind this has remained enigmatic. Utilizing immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative cell counts the expression
of neurokinins and their associated receptors was examined in the rat trigeminal
ganglion. Immunohistochemistry results revealed SP co-localization in CGRP positive neurons
and C-fibres, where it mainly concentrated at boutons. Neurokinin A (NKA) was
observed in a population of C-fibres and small neurons where it could
co-localize with SP. In contrast, neurokinin B (NKB) did not co-localize with SP
and was observed in large/medium sized neurons and Aδ-fibres. All neurokinin
receptors (NK1-3R) were found to be expressed in a majority of trigeminal
ganglion neurons and A-fibres. The functional release of SP and CGRP in the trigeminovascular system was
stimulated with either 60 mM K+ or 100 nM capsaicin and measured with an
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA results established that SP can
be released locally from trigeminovascular system. The released SP was
comparatively minor compared to the CGRP release from stimulated dura mater,
trigeminal ganglion neurons and fibres. We hypothesize that SP and CGRP
signalling pathways may work in tandem to exacerbate painful stimuli in the TGV
system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ca Edvinsson
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 53139University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Philip V Reducha
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 53139University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mariano VS, Boer PA, Gontijo JAR. Fetal Undernutrition Programming, Sympathetic Nerve Activity, and Arterial Hypertension Development. Front Physiol 2021; 12:704819. [PMID: 34867434 PMCID: PMC8635863 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.704819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of evidence showed that low birth weight is associated with environmental disruption during gestation, triggering embryotic or fetal adaptations and increasing the susceptibility of progeny to non-communicable diseases, including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and arterial hypertension. In addition, dietary disturbance during pregnancy in animal models has highlighted mechanisms that involve the genesis of arterial hypertension, particularly severe maternal low-protein intake (LP). Functional studies demonstrated that maternal low-protein intake leads to the renal decrease of sodium excretion and the dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system signaling of LP offspring. The antinatriuretic effect is accentuated by a reduced number of nephron units and glomerulosclerosis, which are critical in establishing arterial hypertension phenotype. Also, in this way, studies have shown that the overactivity of the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system occurs due to reduced sensory (afferent) renal nerve activity. As a result of this reciprocal and abnormal renorenal reflex, there is an enhanced tubule sodium proximal sodium reabsorption, which, at least in part, contributes directly to arterial hypertension development in some of the programmed models. A recent study has observed that significant changes in adrenal medulla secretion could be involved in the pathophysiological process of increasing blood pressure. Thus, this review aims to compile studies that link the central and peripheral sympathetic system activity mechanisms on water and salt handle and blood pressure control in the maternal protein-restricted offspring. Besides, these pathophysiological mechanisms mainly may involve the modulation of neurokinins and catecholamines pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Schiavinatto Mariano
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aline Boer
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Rocha Gontijo
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Shi X, Ye C, Qin X, Zhou L, Xia C, Cai T, Xie Y, Yin Z, Hu G. Novel Pituitary Actions of TAC4 Gene Products in Teleost. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312893. [PMID: 34884698 PMCID: PMC8657723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tachykinin 4 (TAC4) is the latest member of the tachykinin family involved in several physiological functions in mammals. However, little information is available about TAC4 in teleost. In the present study, we firstly isolated TAC4 and six neurokinin receptors (NKRs) from grass carp brain and pituitary. Sequence analysis showed that grass carp TAC4 could encode two mature peptides (namely hemokinin 1 (HK1) and hemokinin 2 (HK2)), in which HK2 retained the typical FXGLM motif in C-terminal of tachyinin, while HK1 contained a mutant VFGLM motif. The ligand-receptor selectivity showed that HK2 could activate all 6 NKRs but with the highest activity for the neurokinin receptor 2 (NK2R). Interestingly, HK1 displayed a very weak activation for each NKR isoform. In grass carp pituitary cells, HK2 could induce prolactin (PRL), somatolactin α (SLα), urotensin 1 (UTS1), neuromedin-B 1 (NMB1), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript 2 (CART2) mRNA expression mediated by NK2R and neurokinin receptor 3 (NK3R) via activation cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA), phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)/protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium2+ (Ca2+)/calmodulin (CaM)/calmodulin kinase-II (CaMK II) cascades. However, the corresponding stimulatory effects triggered by HK1 were found to be notably weaker. Furthermore, based on the structural base for HK1, our data suggested that a phenylalanine (F) to valine (V) substitution in the signature motif of HK1 might have contributed to its weak agonistic actions on NKRs and pituitary genes regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.S.); (C.Y.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (C.X.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Cheng Ye
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.S.); (C.Y.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (C.X.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiangfeng Qin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.S.); (C.Y.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (C.X.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lingling Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.S.); (C.Y.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (C.X.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Chuanhui Xia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.S.); (C.Y.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (C.X.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Tianyi Cai
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.S.); (C.Y.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (C.X.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yunyi Xie
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.S.); (C.Y.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (C.X.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (G.H.)
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.S.); (C.Y.); (X.Q.); (L.Z.); (C.X.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (G.H.)
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Cinelli E, Mutolo D, Pantaleo T, Bongianni F. Neural mechanisms underlying respiratory regulation within the preBötzinger complex of the rabbit. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 293:103736. [PMID: 34224867 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preBötzinger complex (preBötC) is a medullary area essential for normal breathing and widely recognized as necessary and sufficient to generate the inspiratory phase of respiration. It has been studied mainly in rodents. Here we report the main results of our studies revealing the characteristics of the rabbit preBötC identified by means of neuronal recordings, D,L-homocysteic acid microinjections and histological controls. A crucial role in the respiratory rhythmogenesis within this neural substrate is played by excitatory amino acids, but also GABA and glycine display important contributions. Increases in respiratory frequency are induced by microinjections of neurokinins, somatostatin as well by serotonin (5-HT) through an action on 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors or the disinhibition of a GABAergic circuit. Respiratory depression is observed in response to microinjections of the μ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO. Our results show similarities and differences with the rodent preBötC and emphasize the importance of comparative studies on the mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythmogenesis in different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenia Cinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 63, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Donatella Mutolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 63, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Tito Pantaleo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 63, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Fulvia Bongianni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Sezione Scienze Fisiologiche, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 63, Firenze, 50134, Italy.
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Expression of Neurokinin B Receptor in the Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma Bone Microenvironment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061044. [PMID: 34200131 PMCID: PMC8229468 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) frequently invades the maxillary or mandibular bone, and bone destruction is known as a key prognostic factor in gingival SCCs. Recently, Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK-3R), the receptor ligand for NK-3, which is a member of the tachykinin family expressed in the central nervous system, was identified through pathway analysis as a molecule expressed in osteoclasts induced by the hedgehog signal. Although the expression of NK-3R has been detected in osteoclast and SCC cells at the bone invasion front, the relationship between NK-3R expression and the prognosis of gingival SCC patients remains unclear. In the present study, we retrospectively reviewed 27 patients with gingival SCC who had undergone surgery with curative intent. Significantly higher NK-3R expression in tumor cells was found in a case of jawbone invasion than in a case of exophytic poor jawbone invasion. On the other hand, no significant association was observed between NK-3R tumor-positive cases and tumor size, TNM stage, or tumor differentiation. The survival rate tended to be lower in NK-3R tumor-positive cases, but not significantly. However, the disease-specific survival rate was significantly lower in patients with a large number of NK-3R-positive osteoclasts than in those with a small number of them at the tumor bone invasion front. Our results suggest that NK-3R signaling in the gingival SCC bone microenvironment plays an important role in tumor bone destruction and should be considered a potential therapeutic target in advanced gingival SCC with bone destruction.
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Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe facial pain disease of unknown cause and unclear genetic background. To examine the existing knowledge about genetics in TN, we performed a systematic study asking about the prevalence of familial trigeminal neuralgia, and which genes that have been identified in human TN studies and in animal models of trigeminal pain. MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2021. 71 studies were included in the systematic review. Currently, few studies provide information about the prevalence of familial TN; the available evidence indicates that about 1–2% of TN cases have the familial form. The available human studies propose the following genes to be possible contributors to development of TN: CACNA1A, CACNA1H, CACNA1F, KCNK1, TRAK1, SCN9A, SCN8A, SCN3A, SCN10A, SCN5A, NTRK1, GABRG1, MPZ gene, MAOA gene and SLC6A4. Their role in familial TN still needs to be addressed. The experimental animal studies suggest an emerging role of genetics in trigeminal pain, though the animal models may be more relevant for trigeminal neuropathic pain than TN per se. In summary, this systematic review suggests a more important role of genetic factors in TN pathogenesis than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aslan Lashkarivand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Morini M, Peli A, Rinnovati R, Magazzù G, Romagnoli N, Spadari A, Pietra M. Immunohistochemical Expression of Neurokinin-A and Interleukin-8 in the Bronchial Epithelium of Horses with Severe Equine Asthma Syndrome during Asymptomatic, Exacerbation, and Remission Phase. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051376. [PMID: 34066204 PMCID: PMC8151432 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe equine asthma (EA) syndrome is a chronic obstructive disease characterized by exaggerated contraction, inflammation, and structural alteration of the airways in adult horses, when exposed to airborne molds and particulate material. However, little is known about the relationship between the degree and type of inflammation on one hand, and the severity of the disease and the response to treatment on the other. Furthermore, to date, very few studies evaluate the diagnostic value of histology and immunohistochemical features of endoscopic biopsies on subjects with severe equine asthma. To investigate the expression of two inflammatory markers (NKA and IL-8) before, during, and after the exacerbation of severe EA, a histological and immunohistochemical study was carried out on a series of biopsy samples collected by bronchoscopy from six EA-affected horses subjected to process exacerbation through environmental stimuli and then to pharmacological treatment. The application of a histological biopsy scoring system revealed a significant difference between control cases and the EA-affected horses in all experimental phases (asymptomatic, early exacerbation phase, late exacerbation phase, and remission phase). For immunohistochemistry (IHC), only the intensity of NKA positivity increases significantly between control horses and the EA horses at late exacerbation and remission phases. In EA-affected horses, a difference was detected by comparing histology between asymptomatic and remission phase, meanwhile, NKA and IL-8 showed no differences between the experimental phases. Based on these results we can assert that: (1) The endoscopic biopsies generate reliable and homogeneous samples in the entire bronchial tree; (2) the clinical improvement associated with treatment is characterized by a significant worsening of the histological findings; and (3) the NKA immunopositivity seems to increase significantly rather than decrease, as one would have expected, after pharmacological treatment. Further studies are necessary both to implement the number of samples and to use other markers of inflammation to characterize the potential role of cytokines in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach of severe equine asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-7970
| | - Angelo Peli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Riccardo Rinnovati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Magazzù
- DVM, Vet Practitioner, 40024 Castel San Pietro Terme, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Noemi Romagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Spadari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (R.R.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
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Duarte LF, Reyes A, Farías MA, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, González PA. Crosstalk Between Epithelial Cells, Neurons and Immune Mediators in HSV-1 Skin Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662234. [PMID: 34012447 PMCID: PMC8126613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is highly prevalent in humans, with approximately two-thirds of the world population living with this virus. However, only a fraction of those carrying HSV-1, which elicits lifelong infections, are symptomatic. HSV-1 mainly causes lesions in the skin and mucosae but reaches the termini of sensory neurons innervating these tissues and travels in a retrograde manner to the neuron cell body where it establishes persistent infection and remains in a latent state until reactivated by different stimuli. When productive reactivations occur, the virus travels back along axons to the primary infection site, where new rounds of replication are initiated in the skin, in recurrent or secondary infections. During this process, new neuron infections occur. Noteworthy, the mechanisms underlying viral reactivations and the exit of latency are somewhat poorly understood and may be regulated by a crosstalk between the infected neurons and components of the immune system. Here, we review and discuss the immune responses that occur at the skin during primary and recurrent infections by HSV-1, as well as at the interphase of latently-infected neurons. Moreover, we discuss the implications of neuronal signals over the priming and migration of immune cells in the context of HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Duarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica A Farías
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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41
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Sucquart IE, Nagarkar R, Edwards MC, Rodriguez Paris V, Aflatounian A, Bertoldo MJ, Campbell RE, Gilchrist RB, Begg DP, Handelsman DJ, Padmanabhan V, Anderson RA, Walters KA. Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonism Ameliorates Key Metabolic Features in a Hyperandrogenic PCOS Mouse Model. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6125280. [PMID: 33522579 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine condition characterized by a range of endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic abnormalities. At present, management of women with PCOS is suboptimal as treatment is only symptomatic. Clinical and experimental advances in our understanding of PCOS etiology support a pivotal role for androgen neuroendocrine actions in PCOS pathogenesis. Hyperandrogenism is a key PCOS trait and androgen actions play a role in regulating the kisspeptin-/neurokinin B-/dynorphin (KNDy) system. This study aimed to investigate if targeted antagonism of neurokinin B signaling through the neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) would reverse PCOS traits in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced mouse model of PCOS. After 3 months, DHT exposure induced key reproductive PCOS traits of cycle irregularity and ovulatory dysfunction, and PCOS-like metabolic traits including increased body weight; white and brown fat pad weights; fasting serum triglyceride and glucose levels, and blood glucose incremental area under the curve. Treatment with a NK3R antagonist (MLE4901) did not impact the observed reproductive defects. In contrast, following NK3R antagonist treatment, PCOS-like females displayed decreased total body weight, adiposity, and adipocyte hypertrophy, but increased respiratory exchange ratio, suggesting NK3R antagonism altered the metabolic status of the PCOS-like females. NK3R antagonism did not improve circulating serum triglyceride or fasted glucose levels. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NK3R antagonism may be beneficial in the treatment of adverse metabolic features associated with PCOS and support neuroendocrine targeting in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene E Sucquart
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ruchi Nagarkar
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Melissa C Edwards
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Valentina Rodriguez Paris
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Aflatounian
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J Bertoldo
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Campbell
- Centre of Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Denovan P Begg
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- Andrology Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, NSW 2139, Australia
| | | | - Richard A Anderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kirsty A Walters
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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42
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Jean EE, Good O, Rico JMI, Rossi HL, Herbert DR. Neuroimmune regulatory networks of the airway mucosa in allergic inflammatory disease. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:209-221. [PMID: 33857344 PMCID: PMC8674821 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0121-023r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between the nervous and immune systems serves a key role in host‐protective immunity at mucosal barrier sites including the respiratory tract. In these tissues, neuroimmune interactions operate in bidirectional circuits that can sense and respond to mechanical, chemical, and biologic stimuli. Allergen‐ or helminth‐induced products can produce airway inflammation by direct action on nociceptive afferents and adjacent tissues. The activity of nociceptive afferents can regulate innate and adaptive immune responses via neuropeptides and neurotransmitter signaling. This review will summarize recent work investigating the role of neuropeptides CGRP, VIP, neuromedins, substance P, and neurotransmitters dopamine and the B2‐adrenoceptor agonists epinepherine/norepinepherine, each of which influence type 2 immunity by instructing mast cell, innate lymphoid cell type 2, dendritic cell, and T cell responses, both in the airway and the draining lymph node. Afferents in the airway also contain receptors for alarmins and cytokines, allowing their activity to be modulated by immune cell secreted products, particularly those secreted by mast cells. Taken together, we propose that further investigation of how immunoregulatory neuropeptides shape respiratory inflammation in experimental systems may reveal novel therapeutic targets for addressing the increasing prevalence of chronic airway disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Evonne Jean
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivia Good
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan M Inclan Rico
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heather L Rossi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Domi E, Domi A, Adermark L, Heilig M, Augier E. Neurobiology of alcohol seeking behavior. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1585-1614. [PMID: 33704789 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse consequences. A main challenge of addiction treatment is to prevent relapse, which occurs in more than >50% of newly abstinent patients with alcohol disorder within 3 months. In people suffering from alcohol addiction, stressful events, drug-associated cues and contexts, or re-exposure to a small amount of alcohol trigger a chain of behaviors that frequently culminates in relapse. In this review, we first present the preclinical models that were developed for the study of alcohol seeking behavior, namely the reinstatement model of alcohol relapse and compulsive alcohol seeking under a chained schedule of reinforcement. We then provide an overview of the neurobiological findings obtained using these animal models, focusing on the role of opioids systems, corticotropin-release hormone and neurokinins, followed by dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmissions in alcohol seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esi Domi
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ana Domi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eric Augier
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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44
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Zheng Y, Zhang L, Xie J, Shi L. The Emerging Role of Neuropeptides in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:646726. [PMID: 33762925 PMCID: PMC7982480 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.646726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, results from the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. This disease is characterized by cardinal non-motor and motor symptoms. Several studies have demonstrated that neuropeptides, such as ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, substance P, and neurotensin, are related to the onset of PD. This review mainly describes the changes in these neuropeptides and their receptors in the substantia nigra-striatum system as well as the other PD-related brain regions. Based on several in vitro and in vivo studies, most neuropeptides play a significant neuroprotective role in PD by preventing caspase-3 activation, decreasing mitochondrial-related oxidative stress, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, inhibiting microglial activation, and anti-autophagic activity. Thus, neuropeptides may provide a new strategy for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Shi
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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45
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Torres E, Velasco I, Franssen D, Heras V, Gaytan F, Leon S, Navarro VM, Pineda R, Candenas ML, Romero-Ruiz A, Tena-Sempere M. Congenital ablation of Tacr2 reveals overlapping and redundant roles of NK2R signaling in the control of reproductive axis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E496-E511. [PMID: 33427049 PMCID: PMC8828271 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00346.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinin (TAC) signaling is an important element in the central control of reproduction. TAC family is mainly composed of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and NKB, which bind preferentially to NK1, NK2, and NK3 receptors, respectively. While most studies have focused on the reproductive functions of NKB/NK3R, and to a lesser extent SP/NK1R, the relevance of NK2R, encoded by Tacr2, remains poorly characterized. Here, we address the physiological roles of NK2R in regulating the reproductive axis by characterizing a novel mouse line with congenital ablation of Tacr2. Activation of NK2R evoked acute luteinizing hormone (LH) responses in control mice, similar to those of agonists of NK1R and NK3R. Despite the absence of NK2R, Tacr2-/- mice displayed only partially reduced LH responses to an NK2R agonist, which, nonetheless, were abrogated after blockade of NK3R in Tacr2-/- males. While Tacr2-/- mice displayed normal pubertal timing, LH pulsatility was partially altered in Tacr2-/- females in adulthood, with suppression of basal LH levels, but no changes in the number of LH pulses. In addition, trends for increase in breeding intervals were detected in Tacr2-/- mice. However, null animals of both sexes were fertile, with no changes in estrous cyclicity or sex preference in social behavioral tests. In conclusion, stimulation of NK2R elicited LH responses in mice, while congenital ablation of Tacr2 partially suppressed basal and stimulated LH secretion, with moderate reproductive impact. Our data support a modest, albeit detectable, role of NK2R in the control of the gonadotropic axis, with partially overlapping and redundant functions with other tachykinin receptors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have explored here the impact of congenital ablation of the gene (Tacr2) encoding the tachykinin receptor, NK2R, in terms of neuroendocrine control of the reproductive axis, using a novel Tacr2 KO mouse line. Our data support a modest, albeit detectable, role of NK2R in the control of the gonadotropic axis, with partially overlapping and redundant functions with other tachykinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnacion Torres
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Velasco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gaytan
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Leon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rafael Pineda
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Luz Candenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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46
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Ruppenstein A, Limberg MM, Loser K, Kremer AE, Homey B, Raap U. Involvement of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Pruritus With Special Focus on Receptor Expressions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:627985. [PMID: 33681256 PMCID: PMC7930738 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.627985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is a common, but very challenging symptom with a wide diversity of underlying causes like dermatological, systemic, neurological and psychiatric diseases. In dermatology, pruritus is the most frequent symptom both in its acute and chronic form (over 6 weeks in duration). Treatment of chronic pruritus often remains challenging. Affected patients who suffer from moderate to severe pruritus have a significantly reduced quality of life. The underlying physiology of pruritus is very complex, involving a diverse network of components in the skin including resident cells such as keratinocytes and sensory neurons as well as transiently infiltrating cells such as certain immune cells. Previous research has established that there is a significant crosstalk among the stratum corneum, nerve fibers and various immune cells, such as keratinocytes, T cells, basophils, eosinophils and mast cells. In this regard, interactions between receptors on cutaneous and spinal neurons or on different immune cells play an important role in the processing of signals which are important for the transmission of pruritus. In this review, we discuss the role of various receptors involved in pruritus and inflammation, such as TRPV1 and TRPA1, IL-31RA and OSMR, TSLPR, PAR-2, NK1R, H1R and H4R, MRGPRs as well as TrkA, with a focus on interaction between nerve fibers and different immune cells. Emerging evidence shows that neuro-immune interactions play a pivotal role in mediating pruritus-associated inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or chronic spontaneous urticaria. Targeting these bidirectional neuro-immune interactions and the involved pruritus-specific receptors is likely to contribute to novel insights into the underlying pathogenesis and targeted treatment options of pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Ruppenstein
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maren M Limberg
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karin Loser
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kremer
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, Oldenburg Clinic, Oldenburg, Germany
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47
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Walker LC. A balancing act: the role of pro- and anti-stress peptides within the central amygdala in anxiety and alcohol use disorders. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1615-1643. [PMID: 33450069 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is widely implicated as a structure that integrates both appetitive and aversive stimuli. While intrinsic CeA microcircuits primarily consist of GABAergic neurons that regulate amygdala output, a notable feature of the CeA is the heterogeneity of neuropeptides and neuropeptide/neuromodulator receptors that it expresses. There is growing interest in the role of the CeA in mediating psychopathologies, including stress and anxiety states and their interactions with alcohol use disorders. Within the CeA, neuropeptides and neuromodulators often exert pro- or anti- stress actions, which can influence anxiety and alcohol associated behaviours. In turn, alcohol use can cause adaptions within the CeA, which may render an individual more vulnerable to stress which is a major trigger of relapse to alcohol seeking. This review examines the neurocircuitry, neurochemical phenotypes and how pro- and anti-stress peptide systems act within the CeA to regulate anxiety and alcohol seeking, focusing on preclinical observations from animal models. Furthermore, literature exploring the targeting of genetically defined populations or neuronal ensembles and the role of the CeA in mediating sex differences in stress x alcohol interactions are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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48
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Uenoyama Y, Nagae M, Tsuchida H, Inoue N, Tsukamura H. Role of KNDy Neurons Expressing Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B, and Dynorphin A as a GnRH Pulse Generator Controlling Mammalian Reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:724632. [PMID: 34566891 PMCID: PMC8458932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.724632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence accumulated during the past two decades has demonstrated that the then-novel kisspeptin, which was discovered in 2001, the known neuropeptides neurokinin B and dynorphin A, which were discovered in 1983 and 1979, respectively, and their G-protein-coupled receptors, serve as key molecules that control reproduction in mammals. The present review provides a brief historical background and a summary of our recent understanding of the roles of hypothalamic neurons expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A, referred to as KNDy neurons, in the central mechanism underlying gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generation and subsequent tonic gonadotropin release that controls mammalian reproduction.
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49
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Muñoz M, Rosso M, Coveñas R. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: How Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists Could Be Used as a New Therapeutic Approach. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:408-417. [PMID: 31721701 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191112152642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females. BC cells not showing HER-2/Neu amplification and not expressing estrogen/ progesterone receptors are named triple-negative BC (TNBC) cells. TNBC represents 10-15% of all BC and is associated with an aggressive clinical course. TNBC patient prognosis, survival and response to current therapies are poor and for this reason, it is crucial to search for new therapeutic targets in TNBC to develop new therapeutic strategies. One of these targets is the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). It is well known that the substance P (SP)/NK-1R system is involved in cancer progression. TNBC cells overexpress the NK-1R and, after binding to this receptor, SP promotes the proliferation/ migration of TNBC cells. Non-peptide NK-1R antagonists (e.g., aprepitant) are known to exert, via the NK-1R, an antitumor action; TNBC cells die by apoptosis. In this review, we update the data on a promising therapeutic innovation: the use of NK-1R antagonists for the treatment of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marisa Rosso
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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50
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Abstract
The Tacr3 gene encodes tachykinin receptor 3 (NK3R), which belongs to the tachykinin receptor family. This family of proteins includes typical G protein-coupled receptors and belongs to the rhodopsin subfamily. NK3R functions by binding to its high-affinity ligand, neurokinin B(NKB). The role of Tacr3/NK3R in growth and reproduction has been extensively studied, but Tacr3/NK3R is also widely expressed in the nervous system from the spinal cord to the brain and is involved in both physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system, including mood disorders, chronic pain, learning and memory deficiencies, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, addiction-related processes, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, body fluid management, neural development, and schizophrenia. Here, we summarize the structure of NK3R/NKB and its cellular signaling as well as the expression of Tacr3/NK3R in the nervous system, and we provide a comprehensive summary of the role of Tacr3/NK3R in neurological diseases, including reproduction-related disorders and other neurological diseases. At the end of this review, we propose the hypothesis that Tacr3/NK3R mediates a variety of brain functions by affecting the excitability of different neurons with specific functions. On the basis of this "excited or not" hypothesis, more studies related to Tacr3 should be carried out in other nervous system diseases in order to better understand the biological roles of Tacr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-wen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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