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de Brito AL, Quixabeira CMT, de Lima LMA, Paz ST, Gomes ANP, de Souza Araújo TA, de Albuquerque UP, Gomes DA, Silva TMS, Lira EC. Safety assessment of Bauhinia cheilantha Bong. Steud leaves extract: acute, sub-acute toxicity, antioxidant, and antihemolytic evaluations. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:613-626. [PMID: 34141175 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia cheilantha (Fabaceae), known popularly as pata-de-vaca and mororó has been largely recommended treating several diseases in folk medicine. However, information on safe doses and use is still scarce. The goal was to evaluate in-vitro antioxidant and antihemolytic and also acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of hydroalcoholic extract from B. cheilantha leaves (HaEBcl). The identification of the compounds in the HaEBcl was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antioxidant and hemolytic activity of HaEBcl was evaluated in vitro. To study acute toxicity, female mice received HaEBcl in a single dose of 300 and 2.000 mg/kg. Later, sub-acute toxicity was introduced in both female and male mice by oral gavage at 300, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. Hematological and biochemical profiles were created from the blood as well as from histological analysis of the liver. HaEBcl is rich in flavonoids (quercitrin and afzelin), has no hemolytic effects and moderate antioxidant effects in vitro. Acute toxicity evaluation showed that lethal dose (LD50) of HaEBcl was over 2000 mg/kg. Sub-acute toxicity testing elicited no clinical signs of toxicity, morbidity, or mortality. The hematological and biochemical parameters discounted any chance of hepatic or kidney toxicity. Furthermore, histopathological data did not reveal any disturbance in liver morphology in treated mice. Results indicate that HaEBcl has no hemolytic and moderate antioxidant effects in vitro. In addition, HaEBcl dosage levels up to 2000 mg/kg are nontoxic and can be considered safe for mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanne Lucena de Brito
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Carla Mirele Tabósa Quixabeira
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Lidiane Mâcedo Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Silvana Tavares Paz
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Ayala Nara Pereira Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Thiago Antônio de Souza Araújo
- Departamento de saúde, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Rua Jonathas de Vasconcelos, 92, 51021-140, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botênica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dayane Aparecida Gomes
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Tania Maria Sarmento Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Carvalho Lira
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
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Silva JP, Araújo AM, de Pinho PG, Carmo H, Carvalho F. Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-122 and THJ-2201 Disrupt Endocannabinoid-Regulated Mitochondrial Function and Activate Apoptotic Pathways as a Primary Mechanism of In Vitro Nephrotoxicity at In Vivo Relevant Concentrations. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:422-435. [PMID: 30796436 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread recreational use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) represents a major public health issue, as reports of intoxications and deaths following SCB use rapidly mount up. Specifically, a direct link between SCB use and acute kidney injury (AKI) has been established, although the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain undefined. Here we assessed the in vitro nephrotoxicity of 3 commonly detected and structurally distinct SCBs-AB-FUBINACA, JWH-122, and THJ-2201-in human proximal tubule cells (HK-2), to ascertain potential similarities and/or differences regarding their nephrotoxicity signatures. We showed that 2 of the 3 SCBs tested, namely JWH-122 and THJ-2201, at in vivo relevant concentrations (1 nM-1 μM), triggered apoptotic cell death pathways, mainly through a shared mechanism involving the deregulation of mitochondrial function (ie, with mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and increased intracellular ATP levels), as the primary molecular signature of nephrotoxicity mechanism. Noteworthy, no SCB affected cell viability (MTT reduction, lactate dehydrogenase release, Neutral Red inclusion). Use of the cannabinoid receptor (CBR) antagonists SR141716A and SR144528, as well as HEK293T cells, which do not express CBRs, confirmed the involvement of these receptors in SCB-mediated mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization but not on other events, suggesting an off-target action regulating SCB-induced kidney cell death. Our results further strengthen the relevance of the endocannabinoid system in maintaining mitochondrial function in kidney cells, as we demonstrate that HK-2 incubation with CBR antagonists or inhibitors of endocannabinoid biosynthesis (ie, methyl arachydonyl fluorophosphonate, tetrahydrolipstatin) alone produced deleterious effects similar to those now reported for SCBs. Overall, SCB-induced nephrotoxicity seems to be mainly regulated at the mitochondrial level, but the specific mechanisms involved require further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Araújo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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Hao X, Qi G, Ma H, Zhu C, Han Z. Novel 2-phenoxypyrido[3,2- b]pyrazin-3(4 H)-one derivatives as potent and selective aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1368-1372. [PMID: 31347930 PMCID: PMC6711126 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1643336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop multifunctional aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitors for anti-diabetic complications, a novel series of 2-phenoxypyrido[3,2-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesised. Most of the derivatives were found to be potent and selective against AKR1B1, and 2-(7-chloro-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3-oxopyrido[3,2-b]pyrazin-4(3H)-yl) acetic acid (4k) was the most active with an IC50 value of 0.023 µM. Moreover, it was encouraging to find that some derivatives showed strong antioxidant activity, and among them, the phenolic 3,5-dihydroxyl compound 4l with 7-bromo in the core structure was proved to be the most potent, even comparable to that of the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Thus the results suggested success in the construction of potent and selective AKR1B1 inhibitors with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- a The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University , Tianjin , PR China.,b Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Gang Qi
- c Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology , Yancheng , PR China
| | - Hongxing Ma
- c Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology , Yancheng , PR China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- b Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Zhongfei Han
- b Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China.,c Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology , Yancheng , PR China
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de Almeida RF, Trevisan MTS, Thomaziello RA, Breuer A, Klika KD, Ulrich CM, Owen RW. Nutraceutical compounds: Echinoids, flavonoids, xanthones and caffeine identified and quantitated in the leaves of Coffea arabica trees from three regions of Brazil. Food Res Int 2019; 115:493-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Taj MB, Tirmizi SA, Raheel A, Alelwani W, Hajjar D, Makki AA, Ali U, Darroudi M, Ali HBM. Facile Synthesis of N-Phenyl Benzamidine Derivatives, Their Skin Protecting, and Anti-Aging Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218110270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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de O. Maia IR, Trevisan MTS, de V. Silva MG, Klika KD, de Brito E, Silva LMAE, Pinto FDCL, Breuer A, Owen RW. Characterization and Quantitation of Polyphenolic Compounds in Senna splendida from the Northeast of Brazil. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 27 polyphenolic compounds were detected, identified and quantitated in methanol extracts of various botanical parts of Senna splendida (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby. On a dry weight basis, the higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds was detected in the leaves (28.524 g/kg) and roots (13.884 g/kg). By contrast, the values in the flowers (6.331g/kg) and bark of Senna splendida (2.736 g/kg) were considerably lower. The major component in Senna splendida leaves was quercetin diglucoside, (7.887 g/kg), in the roots methoxy oxyresveratrol (4.485 g/kg), in the flowers quercetin-3- O-rhamnoside-4′- O-glucoside (2.885 g/kg), and in the bark quercitrin (quercetin rhamnoside; 0.881 g/kg). The composition of the polyphenolic compounds in the flowers, leaves and bark were dominated by flavonoids at > 98%, whereas the composition was quite different in the roots, of which the major components were napththapyrones (54 %) and stilbenes (39 %) with a very low contribution from flavonoids (5 %) and phenolic acids (2 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irvila Ricarte de O. Maia
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 12200, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Salles Trevisan
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 12200, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Goretti de V. Silva
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Fisico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 12200, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Karel Douglas Klika
- Core Facility, Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edy de Brito
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Química de Produtos Naturais, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Lorena Mara Alexandre e Silva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Química de Produtos Naturais, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Breuer
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert W. Owen
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
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The synthetic cannabinoid XLR-11 induces in vitro nephrotoxicity by impairment of endocannabinoid-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function homeostasis and triggering of apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2018; 287:59-69. [PMID: 29410032 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs)-related intoxications and deaths have been increasingly reported, turning its widespread recreational use into a major public health concern. Specifically, a direct link between SCBs and acute kidney injury (AKI) has been established. XLR-11 is an SCB commonly found in the toxicological analysis of patients with SCB-associated AKI. However, the pathophysiology of AKI among SCB consumers remains unknown. This work thus represents the first in vitro assessment of SCB nephrotoxicity, as a first approach to identify its cellular targets. We demonstrate that XLR-11, at biologically relevant concentrations (in the nanomolar range), primarily targets mitochondrial function in human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells, inducing a transient hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and increasing ATP production, accompanied by Bax translocation from cytosol into mitochondria. These phenomena further triggered energy-dependent apoptotic cell death pathways, indicated by increased caspase-3 activity and chromatin condensation. Experiments using SR141716A and SR144258, specific antagonists for CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively, as well as HEK293T cells (which do not express CBRs) highlighted these processes' dependence on CBR activation. Nevertheless, ATP formation seemed to follow a CBR-independent pathway. Our findings using specific inhibitors of endogenous cannabinoids biosynthesis (i.e. MAFP and THL) further evidenced the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of these processes, as XLR-11 binding to CBRs seemed to compromise endocannabinoid-mediated preservation of mitochondrial function. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms involved require further clarification.
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Forouzanfar F, Hosseinzadeh H, Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan A, Sadeghnia HR. Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts ofBoswellia serrataProtect Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1954-1967. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Hamid R. Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Neurocognitive Research Center, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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9
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Maksymiak M, Debowska R, Bazela K, Dzwigalowska A, Orchel A, Jelonek K, Dolegowska B, Kowalczuk M, Adamus G. Designing of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Release and Delivery Systems of Selected Antioxidants Used in Cosmetology. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3603-12. [PMID: 26444385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates of antioxidants p-anisic (p-AA) and vanillic (VA) acids with nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradedable oligo-(R,S)-(3-hydoxybutyrate) carrier were synthesized, and their structural and biological characterization was performed. The molecular structure of the bioconjugates, in which antioxidants are covalently bonded with oligo(3-hydroxybutyrate) (OHB) chains, has been proven by mass spectrometry supported by NMR. The bioconjugate hydrolytic degradation studies allowed gaining thorough insight into the hydrolysis process and confirmed the release of p-AA and VA. In vitro studies demonstrated that all of the conjugates studied were well tolerated by KB and HaCaT cell lines, as they had no marked cytotoxicity, while conjugates with a relatively short OHB carrier are optimal to support keratinocyte function. The preliminary study of the biological activity confirmed the protective effect of VA-OHB conjugates against H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). It was also demonstrated that the selected bioconjugates can penetrate all layers of the skin, which shows their functionality and opens up their potential application in cosmetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maksymiak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , 34 M. Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Renata Debowska
- Dr Irena Eris Centre for Science and Research , 107A Pulawska Street, 02-595 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Karolina Bazela
- Dr Irena Eris Centre for Science and Research , 107A Pulawska Street, 02-595 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Dzwigalowska
- Dr Irena Eris Centre for Science and Research , 107A Pulawska Street, 02-595 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Orchel
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, 8 Jednosci Street, 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jelonek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , 34 M. Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Dolegowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University , 72 Powstancow Wielkopolskich Street, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , 34 M. Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.,School of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton , Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1SB, United Kingdom
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , 34 M. Curie-Sklodowskiej Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Qin X, Hao X, Han H, Zhu S, Yang Y, Wu B, Hussain S, Parveen S, Jing C, Ma B, Zhu C. Design and Synthesis of Potent and Multifunctional Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Based on Quinoxalinones. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1254-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Qin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shaojuan Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bobin Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Saghir Hussain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Jing
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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11
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Synthesis and radical scavenging activity of phenol–imidazole conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2768-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Alexiou P, Demopoulos VJ. A Diverse Series of Substituted Benzenesulfonamides as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors with Antioxidant Activity: Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Activity. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7756-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101008m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Alexiou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
| | - Vassilis J. Demopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece
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13
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Pfundstein B, El Desouky SK, Hull WE, Haubner R, Erben G, Owen RW. Polyphenolic compounds in the fruits of Egyptian medicinal plants (Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia horrida): characterization, quantitation and determination of antioxidant capacities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1132-1148. [PMID: 20451939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four polyphenolic substances in methanol extracts of the fruits of Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia horrida, three plants used in Egyptian folk medicine, were initially identified by HPLC-ESI-MS and quantitated by analytical HPLC after column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. After purification by semi-preparative HPLC the compounds were identified by their mass and fragmentation patterns using ESI-MS-MS. For several compounds detailed 1H/13C NMR analysis at 600 MHz was performed. Two polyphenolics, namely 4-O-(4''-O-galloyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid and 4-O-(3'',4''-di-O-galloyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid were identified by NMR. Antioxidant capacities of the raw fruit extracts and the major isolated substances were determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in vitro assays and indicated that chebulic ellagitannins have high activity which may correlate with high potential as cancer chemopreventive agents. Therefore, further studies (metabolism, bioavailability and toxicity) of the polyphenolics in Terminalia species using preclinical models and in vivo human intervention trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Pfundstein
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)/National Tumor Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Nitrogen Compounds Prevent H9c2 Myoblast Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2010; 10:51-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Silva JP, Gomes AC, Proença F, Coutinho OP. Novel nitrogen compounds enhance protection and repair of oxidative DNA damage in a neuronal cell model: Comparison with quercetin. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:328-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Silva JP, Proença F, Coutinho OP. Protective role of new nitrogen compounds on ROS/RNS-mediated damage to PC12 cells. Free Radic Res 2009; 42:57-69. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760701787719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João P. Silva
- CBMA—Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre/Biology Department, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Proença
- Chemistry Department, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Olga P. Coutinho
- CBMA—Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre/Biology Department, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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17
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Shi DH, Wu JH, Ge HM, Tan RX. Protective effect of hopeahainol A, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in PC12 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 28:30-36. [PMID: 21783979 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of hopeahainol A, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) from Hopea hainanensis, on H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and the possible mechanism. Exposure of PC12 cells to 200μM H(2)O(2) caused cell apoptosis, reduction in cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activities, increment in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Pretreatment of the cells with hopeahainol A at 0.1-10μM before H(2)O(2) exposure significantly attenuated those changes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, hopeahainol A could mitigate intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+), the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the increase of caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities induced by H(2)O(2). These results show that hopeahainol A protects PC12 cells from H(2)O(2) injury by modulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes, scavenging ROS and prevention of apoptosis. There was potential for hopeahainol A to be used in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) that involved acetylcholinesterase, free radical, oxidative damage and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hua Shi
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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18
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Antioxidative and ACE inhibitory activities in enzymatic hydrolysates of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Pinto-Basto D, Silva JP, Queiroz MJR, Moreno AJ, Coutinho OP. Antioxidant activity of synthetic diarylamines: A mitochondrial and cellular approach. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Silva JP, Gomes AC, Coutinho OP. Oxidative DNA damage protection and repair by polyphenolic compounds in PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 601:50-60. [PMID: 18996367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are frequently exposed to excessive reactive oxygen species, causing a disturbance in the cells natural antioxidant defence systems and resulting in damage to all biomolecules, including nucleic acids. In fact, oxidative DNA damage is described as the type of damage most likely to occur in neuronal cells. In this study, three polyphenolic compounds, luteolin, quercetin and rosmarinic acid, were investigated for their protective effects against oxidative DNA damage induced in PC12 cells, a neuronal cell model. Although luteolin and quercetin prevented the formation of strand breaks to a greater extent than rosmarinic acid, this last one presented the highest capacity to repair strand breaks formation. In addition, rosmarinic acid was the only compound tested that increased the repair of oxidized nucleotidic bases induced with the photosensitizer compound [R]-1-[(10-chloro-4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-benzo[a]quinolizin-1-yl) carbonyl]-2-pyrrolidine-methanol (Ro 19-8022). The activity of repair enzymes was indicated by the in vitro base excision repair assay, using a cell-free extract obtained from cells previously treated with the compounds to incise DNA. The protective effect of rosmarinic acid was further confirmed by the increased expression of OGG1 repair gene, observed through real time RT-PCR. The data obtained is indicative that rosmarinic acid seems to act on the intracellular mechanisms responsible for DNA repair, rather than by a direct effect on reactive oxygen species scavenging, as deducted from the effects observed for luteolin and quercetin. Therefore, these results suggest the importance of these polyphenols, and in particular rosmarinic acid, as protectors of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage that commonly occurs in several pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Silva
- CBMA - Molecular and Environmental Biology Centre/Biology Department, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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21
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Barreto JC, Trevisan MTS, Hull WE, Erben G, de Brito ES, Pfundstein B, Würtele G, Spiegelhalder B, Owen RW. Characterization and quantitation of polyphenolic compounds in bark, kernel, leaves, and peel of mango (Mangifera indica L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5599-5610. [PMID: 18558692 DOI: 10.1021/jf800738r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The contents of secondary plant substances in solvent extracts of various byproducts (barks, kernels, peels, and old and young leaves) in a range of Brazilian mango cultivars were identified and quantitated. The results show that the profiles of secondary plant substances such as xanthone C-glycosides, gallotannins, and benzophenones in different byproducts vary greatly but are fairly consistent across cultivars. The free radical scavenging activity of the solvent extracts was evaluated using a high-performance liquid chromatography-based hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase assay and revealed dose-dependent antioxidant capacity in all extracts. Four (mangiferin, penta- O-galloyl-glucoside gallic acid, and methyl gallate) of the major phenolic compounds detected were also evaluated in additional in vitro bioassay systems such as oxygen radical absorbance capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and ferric reducing ability of plasma. Mangiferin in particular, detected at high concentrations in young leaves (Coite = 172 g/kg), in bark (Momika = 107 g/kg), and in old leaves (Itamaraka = 94 g/kg), shows an exceptionally strong antioxidant capacity.
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Ramos AA, Lima CF, Pereira ML, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. Antigenotoxic effects of quercetin, rutin and ursolic acid on HepG2 cells: evaluation by the comet assay. Toxicol Lett 2008; 177:66-73. [PMID: 18276086 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the chemoprotective effects of quercetin, rutin and ursolic acid on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced DNA damage in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) were investigated by the comet assay. To determine whether protection was due to direct chemical interactions alone or to cellular-mediated responses three different types of treatments were used: simultaneous incubation of cells with individual test compounds and the toxicant; pre-treatment with test compound before addition of the toxicant followed or not by a recovery period. The expression of Hsp70 was quantified by Western blotting to test the involvement of heat shock proteins in the cellular responses to the test compounds. In addition, effects on proliferation were evaluated by the MTT assay. The results show that quercetin and ursolic acid prevented DNA damage and had antiproliferative properties in HepG2 cells suggesting an anticarcinogenic potential for these compounds. The protective effects of quercetin against t-BHP-induced DNA damage seem to be due to both direct effects on t-BHP toxicity and to cellularly mediated indirect effects which reflect the potentiation of the cellular antioxidant defenses. Ursolic acid seems to exert effects only through cellularly mediated mechanisms since it was not protective in simultaneous incubation. Quercetin and ursolic acid also showed to increase the rate of DNA repair. Rutin did not have effects at any level. These results, obtained with liver cells, emphasize and confirm the chemopreventive potential of quercetin and ursolic acid, which may help explain the lower cancer incidence in human population with high dietary intakes of fruits and vegetables. These results also demonstrate that Hsp70 is not involved in the observed effects in HepG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ramos
- CBMA - Molecular and Environment Biology Centre/Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Vercruysse L, Morel N, Van Camp J, Szust J, Smagghe G. Antihypertensive mechanism of the dipeptide Val-Tyr in rat aorta. Peptides 2008; 29:261-7. [PMID: 18221823 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antihypertensive peptides received much interest over the last decade. These peptides are known to be angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in vitro, but the actual antihypertensive mechanisms in vivo are still unclear. In this research, we used rat aortic rings in organ bath experiments to investigate five potential vascular antihypertensive mechanisms of the dipeptide Val-Tyr. Only one significant effect was observed, namely preincubation of the aorta with Val-Tyr led to a significant shift of the concentration-response curve evoked by angiotensin I (Ang I). Val-Tyr had no effect on the angiotensin II receptor or the alpha-adrenergic receptor. Furthermore, it did not interact with voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, or with nitric oxide production/availability. In conclusion, our results show that Val-Tyr specifically inhibits Ang I-evoked contraction through ACE inhibition and that four other main mechanisms of vascular tone regulation are not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Vercruysse
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Atawodi SEO, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, Spiegelhalder B, Bartsch H, Owen RW. Content of polyphenolic compounds in the Nigerian stimulants Cola nitida ssp. alba, Cola nitida ssp. rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl and their antioxidant capacity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9824-9828. [PMID: 17979235 DOI: 10.1021/jf0721038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Varieties of kola nuts (Cola nitida alba, Cola nitida rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl), a group of popular Nigerian and West African stimulants, were analyzed for their content of secondary plant metabolites. The three varieties of the kola nuts contained appreciable levels of (+)-catechin (27-37 g/kg), caffeine (18-24 g/kg), (-)-epicatechin (20-21 g/kg), procyanidin B 1 [epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-catechin] (15-19 g/kg), and procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin] (7-10 g/kg). Antioxidant capacity of the extracts and purified metabolites was assessed by two HPLC-based and two colorimetric in vitro assays. Extracts of all varieties exhibited antioxidant capacity with IC 50 values in the range 1.70-2.83 and 2.74-4.08 mg/mL in the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase and 2-deoxyguanosine HPLC-based assays, respectively. Utilization of HPLC-based assays designed to reflect in situ generation of free radicals (e.g., HO(*)), as opposed to general assays (DPPH, FRAP) in common use which do not, indicate that, of the major secondary plant metabolites present in kola nut extracts, caffeine is potentially the more effective cancer chemopreventive metabolite in terms of its antioxidant capacity.
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Trevisan MTS, Vasconcelos Silva MG, Pfundstein B, Spiegelhalder B, Owen RW. Characterization of the volatile pattern and antioxidant capacity of essential oils from different species of the genus Ocimum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:4378-82. [PMID: 16756370 DOI: 10.1021/jf060181+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of essential oils obtained by steam hydrodistillation from five species of the genus Ocimum, namely Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum micranthum, and Ocimum tenuiflorum (syn. O. sanctum), were evaluated using a high-performance liquid chromatography-based hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase and the DPPH assays. The yield of oils from the leaves of the five species was variable with the greater amount obtained from Ocimum gratissimum (3.5%) and the least from Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens (0.5%). In the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase assay, strong antioxidant capacity was evident in all the oils but the greater was shown by that obtained from Ocimum tenuiflorum (syn. O. sanctum) (IC50 = 0.46 microL/mL) compared to Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens (IC50 = 1.84 microL/mL). Antioxidant capacity was positively correlated (r = 0.92, p < 0.05) with a high proportion of compounds possessing a phenolic ring such as eugenol, while a strong negative correlation (r = -0.77, p > 0.1) with other major volatiles was observed. These correlations were confirmed to a large extent in the DPPH assay. The results of a 24 h experiment with Ocimum tenuiflorum (syn. O. sanctum) shows that the antioxidant capacity factor (amount of essential oil obtained x free radical scavenging capacity; mg x %/100) reaches a threshold between 10 and 12.00 h, corresponding to maximum sunlight intensity in Brasil and furthermore exhibits a clear diurnal variation. The data generated with Ocimum species indicates that essential oils obtained from various herbs and spices may have an important role to play in cancer chemoprevention, functional foods, and in the preservation of pharmacologic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Salles Trevisan
- Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abdul HM, Calabrese V, Calvani M, Butterfield DA. Acetyl-L-carnitine-induced up-regulation of heat shock proteins protects cortical neurons against amyloid-beta peptide 1–42-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2006; 84:398-408. [PMID: 16634066 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and cognition and by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain. Amyloid-beta peptide, particularly the 42-amino-acid peptide (Abeta(1-42)), is a principal component of senile plaques and is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of the disease. The AD brain is under significant oxidative stress, and Abeta(1-42) peptide is known to cause oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is an endogenous mitochondrial membrane compound that helps to maintain mitochondrial bioenergetics and lowers the increased oxidative stress associated with aging. Glutathione (GSH) is an important endogenous antioxidant, and its levels have been shown to decrease with aging. Administration of ALCAR increases cellular levels of GSH in rat astrocytes. In the current study, we investigated whether ALCAR plays a protective role in cortical neuronal cells against Abeta(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Decreased cell survival in neuronal cultures treated with Abeta(1-42) correlated with an increase in protein oxidation (protein carbonyl, 3-nitrotyrosine) and lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) formation. Pretreatment of primary cortical neuronal cultures with ALCAR significantly attenuated Abeta(1-42)-induced cytotoxicity, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of ALCAR to neurons also led to an elevated cellular GSH and heat shock proteins (HSPs) levels compared with untreated control cells. Our results suggest that ALCAR exerts protective effects against Abeta(1-42) toxicity and oxidative stress in part by up-regulating the levels of GSH and HSPs. This evidence supports the pharmacological potential of acetyl carnitine in the management of Abeta(1-42)-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Therefore, ALCAR may be useful as a possible therapeutic strategy for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohmmad Abdul
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40506, USA
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