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Alterations in Energy Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function and Redox Homeostasis in GK Diabetic Rat Tissues Treated with Aspirin. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010104. [PMID: 35054496 PMCID: PMC8780217 DOI: 10.3390/life12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated that aspirin treatment prevents inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced alterations in mitochondrial function, improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function and preserves tissue-specific glutathione (GSH)-dependent redox homeostasis in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats. In the current study, we have investigated the mechanism of action of aspirin in maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox metabolism in the liver and kidneys of GK rats. Aspirin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress-induced changes in GSH metabolism. Aspirin treatment also improved mitochondrial respiratory function and energy metabolism, in addition to regulating the expression of cell signaling proteins that were altered in diabetic animals. Ultrastructural electron microscopy studies revealed decreased accumulation of glycogen in the liver of aspirin-treated diabetic rats. Hypertrophic podocytes with irregular fusion of foot processes in the renal glomerulus and detached microvilli, condensed nuclei and degenerated mitochondria observed in the proximal convoluted tubules of GK rats were partially restored by aspirin. These results provide additional evidence to support our previous observation of moderation of diabetic complications by aspirin treatment in GK rats and may have implications for cautious use of aspirin in the therapeutic management of diabetes.
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Sreevallabhan S, Mohanan R, Sukumaran S, Sobha AP, Jose SP, Sukumarapillai A, Jagmag T, Tilwani J. Ameliorating effect of glutathione-enriched herbal formulation (glothione) on alloxan-induced experimental diabetic model by modulating oxidative stress and pathogenesis. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13153. [PMID: 32026494 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a common metabolic or endocrine disorder that occurs as a result of insufficient amounts of insulin secretion or defect in the action of insulin produced from pancreatic beta cells. Antioxidant containing food items are very effective in reducing complications that arise due to diabetes, indicating that it may be beneficial for treating metabolic disorders. In this study, we used some essential nutrients enriched with glutathione, named as Glothione (GN), and evaluated the antidiabetic effect of GN in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The treatment with GN showed significant reduction in the blood glucose level, HbA1c level, and liver markers like SGOT, SGPT, and ALP and shows increased antioxidant status and decreased inflammatory markers. Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver tissue showed that there were no abnormalities in the rat after the administration of GN. Thus, antioxidant-enriched formulation of GN can be used as a potent hypoglycaemic drug. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Glothione is a glutathione-enriched formulation that contains essential nutrients required for the normal functioning of the body. Recent trends in lifestyle and food habits have been noted to cause health risks and subject the body through physical and physiological stress--hence the importance of antioxidant-rich foods. Antioxidants are capable of boosting metabolism and other physiological processes. Thus, the consumption of GN can enhance the antioxidant status within the body. GN does not contain any chemical ingredients so it will not cause any side effects. It has a strong antidiabetic effect and is also able to control a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandya Sukumaran
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Rahman MA, Chowdhury JMKH, Aklima J, Azadi MA. Leea macrophylla Roxb. leaf extract potentially helps normalize islet of β-cells damaged in STZ-induced albino rats. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:943-952. [PMID: 29983957 PMCID: PMC6021741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the protective effects Leea macrophylla Roxb polyphenols on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Polyphenolic assays were undertaken through established methods. To conduct animal intervention study, forty Wistar albino male rats (average body weight 188.42 ± 7.13 g) of different groups were diabetized by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) only in the animals of diabetic control (DC) and L. macrophylla extract (LM) groups. At the end of 4 weeks of intervention, serum was analyzed for insulin, liver and cardiac enzymes, lipid profiles, uric acid, and creatinine using ELISA method. In vitro α-amylase inhibition of LM was evaluated and compared with reference drug acarbose. Pancreatic tissues were undertaken for histopathological screening. Food and fluid intake, weekly blood glucose level, liver glycogen, aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine kinase (CK-MB), cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly decreased, whereas oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) ability, serum insulin concentration, and pancreatic islets morphology were significantly improved in the LM300 treatment group compared to the DC group. Alpha-amylase inhibition was not found to be very promising for guiding the α-amylase inhibition pathway. Results suggest that L. macrophylla can exert a potential effort to restore pancreatic β-cell damaged by streptozotocin induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | | | - Jannatul Aklima
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
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Xian F, Zi J, Wang Q, Lou X, Sun H, Lin L, Hou G, Rao W, Yin C, Wu L, Li S, Liu S. Peptide Biosynthesis with Stable Isotope Labeling from a Cell-free Expression System for Targeted Proteomics with Absolute Quantification. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2819-28. [PMID: 27234506 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o115.056507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its specificity and sensitivity, targeted proteomics using mass spectrometry for multiple reaction monitoring is a powerful tool to detect and quantify pre-selected peptides from a complex background and facilitates the absolute quantification of peptides using isotope-labeled forms as internal standards. How to generate isotope-labeled peptides remains an urgent challenge for accurately quantitative targeted proteomics on a large scale. Herein, we propose that isotope-labeled peptides fused with a quantitative tag could be synthesized through an expression system in vitro, and the homemade peptides could be enriched by magnetic beads with tag-affinity and globally quantified based on the corresponding multiple reaction monitoring signals provided by the fused tag. An Escherichia coli cell-free protein expression system, protein synthesis using recombinant elements, was adopted for the synthesis of isotope-labeled peptides fused with Strep-tag. Through a series of optimizations, we enabled efficient expression of the labeled peptides such that, after Strep-Tactin affinity enrichment, the peptide yield was acceptable in scale for quantification, and the peptides could be completely digested by trypsin to release the Strep-tag for quantification. Moreover, these recombinant peptides could be employed in the same way as synthetic peptides for multiple reaction monitoring applications and are likely more economical and useful in a laboratory for the scale of targeted proteomics. As an application, we synthesized four isotope-labeled glutathione S-transferase (GST) peptides and added them to mouse sera pre-treated with GST affinity resin as internal standards. A quantitative assay of the synthesized GST peptides confirmed the absolute GST quantification in mouse sera to be measurable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xian
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; §BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; ¶Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Zi
- §BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Quanhui Wang
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; §BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liang Lin
- §BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Guixue Hou
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; §BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | | | - Lin Wu
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- ‖Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland College Park, Rockville, Maryland 20850;
| | - Siqi Liu
- From the ‡CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; §BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; ¶Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;
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Kassassir H, Siewiera K, Talar M, Stec-Martyna E, Pawlowska Z, Watala C. Non-enzymatic modifications of prostaglandin H synthase 1 affect bifunctional enzyme activity - Implications for the sensitivity of blood platelets to acetylsalicylic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 253:78-92. [PMID: 27083140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to its ability to inhibit the blood platelet PGHS-1, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, Aspirin(®)) is widely used as a preventive agent in atherothrombotic diseases. However, its beneficial effects seem to be lower in diabetic patients, suggesting that protein glycation may impair effective ASA-mediated acetylation process. On the other hand, it is proposed that ASA can prevent some of the late complications of diabetes by lowering the extent of glycation at protein free amino groups. The aim of this work was to evaluate the extents of non-enzymatic N-glycosylation (glycation) and acetylation of blood platelet PGHS-1 (COX-1) and the competition between glycation and acetylation was investigated in order to demonstrate how these two reactions may compete against platelet PGHS-1. When PGHS-1 was incubated with glycating/acetylating agents (glucose, Glu; 1,6-bisphosphofructose, 1,6-BPF; methylglyoxal, MGO, acetylsalicylic acid, ASA), the enzyme was modified in 13.4 ± 1.6, 5.3 ± 0.5, 10.7 ± 1.2 and 6.4 ± 1.1 mol/mol protein, respectively, and its activity was significantly reduced. The prior glycation/carbonylation of PGHS-1 with Glu, 1,6-BPF or MGO decreased the extent of acetylation from 6.4 ± 1.1 down to 2.5 ± 0.2, 3.6 ± 0.3 and 5.2 ± 0.2 mol/mol protein, respectively, but the enzyme still remained susceptible to the subsequent inhibition of its activity with ASA. When PGHS-1 was first acetylated with ASA and then incubated with glycating/carbonylating agents, we observed the following reductions in the enzyme modifications: from 13.4 ± 1.6 to 8.7 ± 0.6 mol/mol protein for Glu, from 5.3 ± 0.5 to 3.9 ± 0.3 mol/mol protein for 1,6-BPF and from 10.7 ± 1.2 to 7.5 ± 0.5 mol/mol protein for MGO, however subsequent glycation/carbonylation did not significantly affect PGHS-1 function. Overall, our outcomes allow to better understand the structural aspects of the chemical competition between glycation and acetylation of PGHS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kassassir
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka str., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Siewiera
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka str., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Talar
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka str., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Emilia Stec-Martyna
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka str., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Pawlowska
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka str., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka str., 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Gök M, Ulusu NN, Tarhan N, Tufan C, Ozansoy G, Arı N, Karasu Ç. Flaxseed Protects Against Diabetes-Induced Glucotoxicity by Modulating Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Glutathione-Dependent Enzyme Activities in Rats. J Diet Suppl 2015; 13:339-51. [PMID: 26317558 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1036188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) intake on general metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glutathione-dependent enzymes in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (40 mg/kg, i.p.) and the enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Diabetic and control rats were divided in two subgroups, one untreated, and one treated with flaxseed (0.714 g/kg body weight/day; orally) for 12 weeks. Flaxseed ameliorated decreased body weight (p < .05) and increased blood glucose (p < .001), triglyceride (p < .001), ALT (p < .001) and AST (p < .001) in diabetic rats. Diabetes resulted in increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) (p < .05) and decreased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (p < .01), but unchanged 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the brain of rats. These alterations were partially improved by flaxseed in comparison to diabetic untreated group (p < .05). G6PD, 6PGD, GR were elevated (p < .001), while GST unchanged in the lung of diabetic untreated group compared to control. Flaxseed partially prevented the increase in 6PGD (p < .05) and GR (p < .01), but unaffected G6PD in the lung of diabetic rats. G6PD (p < .001), 6PGD (p < .05), GR (p < .001) were augmented, while GST showed a significant (p < .001) depletion in the pancreas of diabetic untreated rats compared to control. Diabetic alterations observed in pancreatic enzyme activities were significantly prevented by flaxseed. Furthermore, a remarkable decrease in 6PGD (p < .001) and an increase in G6PD (threefold of control) were found in the lens of diabetic untreated group that were completely prevented by flaxseed (p < .001). Flaxseed has beneficial effects against diabetes-induced glucotoxicity by modulating G6PD, 6PGD, GR and GST activities in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müslüm Gök
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nuray N Ulusu
- b Department of Biochemistry , School of Medicine, Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nilay Tarhan
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Can Tufan
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gülgün Ozansoy
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nuray Arı
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Çimen Karasu
- d Cellular Stress Response & Signal Transduction Research Laboratory , Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology , Ankara , Turkey
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Butt MS, Sultan MT, Aziz M, Naz A, Ahmed W, Kumar N, Imran M. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit: hidden phytochemicals and health claims. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:542-61. [PMID: 27047315 PMCID: PMC4817420 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Currently, nutrition and health linkages focused on emerging strategy of diet based regimen to combat various physiological threats including cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, etc. In this context, consumption of fruits and vegetables is gaining considerable importance as safeguard to maintain human health. Likewise, their phytochemicals and bioactive molecules are also becoming popular as promising demulcent against various ailments. The current review is an effort to sum up information regarding persimmon fruit with special reference to its phytochemistry and associated health claims. Accordingly, the role of its certain bioactive molecules like proanthocyanidin, carotenoids, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanidin, catechin, etc. is highlighted. Owing to rich phytochemistry, persimmon and its products are considered effective in mitigating oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant potential is too responsible for anti-malignant and anti-melanogenic perspectives of persimmon functional ingredients. Additionally, they are effectual in soothing lifestyle related disparities e.g. cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus. There are proven facts that pharmacological application of persimmon or its functional ingredients like proanthocyanidin may helps against hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Nevertheless, astringent taste and diospyrobezoars formation are creating lacuna to prop up its vitality. In toto, persimmon and its components hold potential as one of effective modules in diet based therapy; however, integrated research and meta-analysis are still required to enhance meticulousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science & and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Tauseef Sultan
- Department of Food Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Aziz
- National Institute of Food Science & and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science & and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
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Ayeleso A, Brooks N, Oguntibeju O. Modulation of antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats following intake of red palm oil and/or rooibos. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 7:536-44. [PMID: 25063283 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of red palm oil (RPO), rooibos tea extract (RTE) and their combined treatment (RPO + RTE) on antioxidant status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and the rats were treated for 7 weeks. Antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)], antioxidant capacity [trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)] as well as total protein, albumin, globulin, total glutathione, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were investigated. RESULTS Treatment with RPO, RTE and RPO + RTE significantly (p>0.05) improved liver SOD and plasma ORAC in the diabetic rats. Similarly, diabetic rats treated with RTE and RPO + RTE enhanced liver GPx. A significant (P<0.05) increase in the plasma TBARS in the diabetic control group was observed when compared with the normal control group. Treatment of diabetic rats with RTE and RPO + RTE reduced plasma TBARS to a level not significantly different at P<0.05 from the normal control group. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the anti-oxidative potentials of red palm oil, rooibos and their combination in diabetic conditions and hence, they could be useful in the management of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Ayeleso
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville South Africa.
| | - Nicole Brooks
- Department of Wellness Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Oguntibeju
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville South Africa
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Effect of Nigella sativa fixed and essential oils on antioxidant status, hepatic enzymes, and immunity in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:193. [PMID: 24939518 PMCID: PMC4077235 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Nigella sativa fixed (NSFO) and essential (NSEO) oils have been used to treat diabetes mellitus and its complications. Present study was undertaken to explore and validate these folkloric uses. Methods Sprague dawley rats having streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus were used to assess the role of NSFO and NSEO in the management of diabetes complications. Parameters investigated were antioxidant potential, oxidative stress, and the immunity by in vivo experiments. Results The results indicated that STZ decreased the glutathione contents (25.72%), while NSFO and NSEO increased the trait significantly (P < 0.05). Experimental diets increased the tocopherol contents (P < 0.01) and enhanced the expression of hepatic enzymes (P < 0.01). Correlation matrix further indicated that antioxidant potential is positively associated (P < 0.05) responsible for the modulation of hepatic enzymes and the decrease of the nitric oxide production thus controlling the diabetes complications. Conclusions Overall, results of present study supported the traditional use of N. sativa and its derived products as a treatment for hyperglycemia and allied abnormalities. Moreover, N. sativa fixed and essential oils significantly ameliorate free radicals and improve antioxidant capacity thus reducing the risk of diabetic complications.
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Dey A, Lakshmanan J. The role of antioxidants and other agents in alleviating hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress and injury in liver. Food Funct 2014; 4:1148-84. [PMID: 23760593 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several antioxidants and agents having similar antioxidant effects are known to exert beneficial effects in ameliorating the injurious effects of hyperglycemia on liver in different diabetic in vitro and in vivo models. The review deals with some of the agents which have been shown to exert protective effects on liver against hyperglycemic insult and the various mechanisms involved. The different classes of agents which protect the diabetic liver or decrease the severity of hyperglycemia mediated injury include flavonoids, catechins, and other polyphenolic compounds, curcumin and its derivatives, certain vitamins, hormones and drugs, trace elements, prototypical antioxidants and amino acids. Some of the pronounced changes mediated by the antioxidants in liver exposed to hyperglycemia include decreased oxidative stress, and alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Other mechanisms through which the agents ameliorate hyperglycemia mediated liver injury include decrease in oxidative DNA and protein damage, restoration of mitochondrial structural and functional integrity, decrease in inflammation and improved insulin signaling. Thus, antioxidants may prove to be an important mode of defense in maintaining normal hepatic functions in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Dey
- Life Science Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600044, India.
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Sultan MT, Butt MS, Karim R, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Batool R, Ahmad S, Aliberti L, De Feo V. Nigella sativa Fixed and Essential Oil Supplementation Modulates Hyperglycemia and Allied Complications in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:826380. [PMID: 24511321 PMCID: PMC3910438 DOI: 10.1155/2014/826380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the recent era, diabetes mellitus has emerged as one of the significant threats to public health and this situation demands the attention of the researchers and allied stakeholders. Dietary regimens using functional and nutraceutical foods are gaining wide range of acceptance and some traditional medicinal plants are of considerable importance. The main objective of this instant study was to explore the antidiabetic potential of Nigella sativa fixed oil (NSFO) and essential oil (NSEO). Three experimental groups of rats received diets during the entire study duration, that is, D1 (control), D2 (NSFO: 4.0%), and D3 (NSEO: 0.30%). Experimental diets (NSFO & NSEO) modulated the lipid profile, while decreasing the antioxidant damage. However, production of free radicals, that is, MDA, and conjugated dienes increased by 59.00 and 33.63%, respectively, in control. On the contrary, NSFO and NSEO reduced the MDA levels by 11.54 and 26.86% and the conjugated dienes levels by 32.53 and 38.39%, respectively. N. sativa oils improved the health and showed some promising anti-diabetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Roselina Karim
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia
| | | | - Rizwana Batool
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Luigi Aliberti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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Hyperglycemia-induced alteration in reproductive profile and its amelioration by the polyherbal formulation MTEC (modified) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gmbhs.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Butt MS, Sultan MT. Selected Functional Foods for Potential in Disease Treatment and Their Regulatory Issues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2010.551313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tsai JP, Yang SF, Wu SW, Hung TW, Tsai HC, Lian JD, Chang HR. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms are not major risks for susceptibility to posttransplantation diabetes mellitus in Taiwan renal transplant recipients. J Clin Lab Anal 2012; 25:432-5. [PMID: 22086798 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 null genotype has been reported playing a significant role in the diabetes mellitus (DM) susceptibility in Turkish population. We investigated whether the GSTM1, GSTA1, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms are associated with posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in Taiwan. There were 283 renal transplant recipients (RTRs) enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the measurement of GSTA1, M1, and P1 genetic polymorphisms. PTDM was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Eight-five patients (30%) were diagnosed with PTDM. The averaged posttransplant follow-up period was 77.9 ± 27.2 months. Duration from transplantat to diagnosis of PTDM ranged from 0.2 to 103.1 months (19.2 ± 26.3 months). There were significantly differences between non-DM and PTDM groups in age (50.6 ± 11.0 vs. 54.6 ± 9.36 years, P = 0.005), BMI (22.4 ± 3.6 vs. 24.3 ± 3.8, P<0.001). The distributions of GSTA1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 genotypes alleles were not significantly different between PTDM and non-DM group. Patients carrying the different GSTA1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 genetic and allelic polymorphisms had no differences for the development of PTDM. These overall results suggested a lack of strong association with GSTA1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms to the susceptibility of PTDM in Taiwanese RTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pi Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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15
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Comparison of glycation of glutathione S-transferase by methylglyoxal, glucose or fructose. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 357:323-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Recent research has rejuvenated centuries-old traditional herbs to cure various ailments by using modern tools like diet-based therapy and other regimens. Ginger is one of the classic examples of an herb used for not only culinary preparations but also for unique therapeutic significance owing to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potential. The pungent fractions of ginger, namely gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and volatile constituents like sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, are mainly attributed to the health-enhancing perspectives of ginger. This review elucidates the health claims of ginger and the molecular aspects and targets, with special reference to anticancer perspectives, immunonutrition, antioxidant potential, and cardiovascular cure. The molecular targets involved in chemoprevention like the inhibition of NF-κB activation via impairing nuclear translocation, suppresses cIAP1 expression, increases caspase-3/7 activation, arrests cell cycle in G2 + M phases, up-regulates Cytochrome-c, Apaf-1, activates PI3K/Akt/I kappaB kinases IKK, suppresses cell proliferation, and inducts apoptosis and chromatin condensation. Similarly, facts are presented regarding the anti-inflammatory response of ginger components and molecular targets including inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis and suppression of 5-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphorylation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are also discussed. The role of ginger in reducing the extent of cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, and digestive problems has also been described in detail. Although, current review articles summarized the literature pertaining to ginger and its components. However, authors are still of the view that further research should be immediately carried out for meticulousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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17
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Chougale AD, Bhat SP, Bhujbal SV, Zambare MR, Puntambekar S, Somani RS, Boppana R, Giri AP, Kulkarni MJ. Proteomic Analysis of Glycated Proteins from Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Kidney. Mol Biotechnol 2011; 50:28-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Coinage of terms like nutraceuticals, functional, and pharma foods has diverted the attention of human beings to where they are seeking more natural cures. Though pharmaceutical drugs have been beneficial for human health and have cured various diseases but they also impart some side effects. Numerous plants have been tested for their therapeutic potential; Nigella sativa, commonly known as black cumin, is one of them. It possesses a nutritional dense profile as its fixed oil (lipid fraction), is rich in unsaturated fatty acids while essential oil contains thymoquinone and carvacrol as antioxidants. N. sativa seeds also contain proteins, alkaloids (nigellicines and nigelledine), and saponins (alpha-hederin) in substantial amounts. Recent pharmacological investigations suggested its potential role, especially for the amelioration of oxidative stress through free radical scavenging activity, the induction of apoptosis to cure various cancer lines, the reduction of blood glucose, and the prevention of complications from diabetes. It regulates hematological and serological aspects and can be effective in dyslipidemia and respiratory disorders. Moreover, its immunopotentiating and immunomodulating role brings balance in the immune system. Evidence is available supporting the utilization of Nigella sativa and its bioactive components in a daily diet for health improvement. This review is intended to focus on the composition of Nigella sativa and to elaborate its possible therapeutic roles as a functional food to prevent an array of maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Negre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R, Augé N, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M. Hyperglycemia and glycation in diabetic complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:3071-109. [PMID: 19489690 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease, classically influenced by genetic determinants of individual susceptibility and by environmental accelerating factors, such as lifestyle. It is considered a major health concern,as its incidence is increasing at an alarming rate, and the high invalidating effects of its long-term complications affect macro- and microvasculature, heart, kidney, eye, and nerves. Increasing evidence indicates that hyperglycemia is the initiating cause of the tissue damage occurring in diabetes, either through repeated acute changes in cellular glucose metabolism, or through the long-term accumulation of glycated biomolecules and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs represent a heterogeneous group of chemical products resulting from a nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, or a combination of these.The glycation process (glucose fixation) affects circulating proteins (serum albumin, lipoprotein, insulin, hemoglobin),whereas the formation of AGEs implicates reactive intermediates such as methylglyoxal. AGEs form cross-links on long-lived extracellular matrix proteins or react with their specific receptor RAGE, resulting inoxidative stress and proinflammatory signaling implicated in endothelium dysfunction, arterial stiffening, and microvascular complications. This review summarizes the mechanism of glycation and of AGEs formation and the role of hyperglycemia, AGEs, and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications.
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Lim J, Ali ZM, Sanders RA, Snyder AC, Eells JT, Henshel DS, Watkins JB. Effects of low-level light therapy on hepatic antioxidant defense in acute and chronic diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2009; 23:1-8. [PMID: 19202557 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes causes oxidative stress in the liver and other tissues prone to complications. Photobiomodulation by near infrared light (670 nm) has been shown to accelerate diabetic wound healing, improve recovery from oxidative injury in the kidney, and attenuate degeneration in retina and optic nerve. The present study tested the hypothesis that 670 nm photobiomodulation, a low-level light therapy, would attenuate oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant protection system in the liver of a model of type I diabetes. Male Wistar rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, ip) then exposed to 670 nm light (9 J/cm(2)) once per day for 18 days (acute) or 14 weeks (chronic). Livers were harvested, flash frozen, and then assayed for markers of oxidative stress. Light treatment was ineffective as an antioxidant therapy in chronic diabetes, but light treatment for 18 days in acutely diabetic rats resulted in the normalization of hepatic glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase activities and a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S transferase activities. The results of this study suggest that 670 nm photobiomodulation may reduce, at least in part, acute hepatic oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense system in the diabetic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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21
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Effect of taurine supplementation on cytochrome P450 2E1 and oxidative stress in the liver and kidneys of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1703-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jafarnejad A, Bathaie SZ, Nakhjavani M, Hassan MZ. Investigation of the Mechanisms Involved in the High-Dose and Long-Term Acetyl Salicylic Acid Therapy of Type I Diabetic Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:850-7. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.130914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Sudnikovich EJ, Maksimchik YZ, Zabrodskaya SV, Kubyshin VL, Lapshina EA, Bryszewska M, Reiter RJ, Zavodnik IB. Melatonin attenuates metabolic disorders due to streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 569:180-7. [PMID: 17597602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced oxidative stress and impairments in nitric oxide synthesis and bioavailability are of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular diseases. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the metabolic effects of pharmacological doses of the melatonin, a known antioxidant, on streptozotocin-induced diabetic damage in rats. We investigated the indolamine's influence on the cellular redox-balance, nitric oxide (NO) level, and the activities of antioxidative defence enzymes, as well as the activities of enzymes involved in phase II detoxication and NADPH-generating pentose phosphate pathway. Blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, bilirubin, as well as plasma alanine aminotransferase activities increased and body weight was reduced in rats with streptozotocin-induced (60 mg/kg, i.p.) diabetes (25 days). The NO level was markedly increased in diabetic plasma (by 50%) and aortic tissue (by 30%). The hyperglycemia resulted in reduced activities of glutathione peroxidase (by 25%), catalase (by 20%), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (by 55%) and transketolase (by 40%) in liver tissue of diabetic animals. Melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg, 18 days) did not influence the level of hyperglycemia or glycated hemoglobin and it had little effect on the activities of antioxidative enzymes. However, melatonin markedly reversed the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase in liver tissue of diabetic rats. The most pronounced effect of the melatonin administration was the prevention of an increase in nitric oxide levels in blood plasma and aortic tissue during diabetes. In in vitro experiments, nitrosomelatonin formation in the presence of nitrosodonors was observed. This implies that melatonin might operate as an NO scavenger and carrier. Thus, melatonin treatment may have some beneficial effects in controlling diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ju Sudnikovich
- State Research and Innovation Center, Institute for Pharmacology and Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, BLK-50, 230017 Grodno, Belarus
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