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Horseman TS, Frank AM, Cannon G, Zhai M, Olson MG, Lin B, Li X, Hull L, Xiao M, Kiang JG, Burmeister DM. Effects of combined ciprofloxacin and Neulasta therapy on intestinal pathology and gut microbiota after high-dose irradiation in mice. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1365161. [PMID: 38807988 PMCID: PMC11130442 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatments that currently exist in the strategic national stockpile for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) focus on the hematopoietic subsyndrome, with no treatments on gastrointestinal (GI)-ARS. While the gut microbiota helps maintain host homeostasis by mediating GI epithelial and mucosal integrity, radiation exposure can alter gut commensal microbiota which may leave the host susceptible to opportunistic pathogens and serious sequelae such as sepsis. To mitigate the effects of hematopoietic ARS irradiation, currently approved treatments exist in the form of colony stimulating factors and antibiotics: however, there are few studies examining how these therapeutics affect GI-ARS and the gut microbiota. The aim of our study was to examine the longitudinal effects of Neulasta and/or ciprofloxacin treatment on the gut microbiota after exposure to 9.5 Gy 60Co gamma-radiation in mice. Methods The gut microbiota of vehicle and drug-treated mice exposed to sham or gamma-radiation was characterized by shotgun sequencing with alpha diversity, beta diversity, and taxonomy analyzed on days 2, 4, 9, and 15 post-irradiation. Results No significant alpha diversity differences were observed following radiation, while beta diversity shifts and taxonomic profiles revealed significant alterations in Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus. Ciprofloxacin generally led to lower Shannon diversity and Bacteroides prevalence with increases in Akkermansia and Lactobacillus compared to vehicle treated and irradiated mice. While Neulasta increased Shannon diversity and by day 9 had more similar taxonomic profiles to sham than ciprofloxacin-or vehicle-treated irradiated animals. Combined therapy of Neulasta and ciprofloxacin induced a decrease in Shannon diversity and resulted in unique taxonomic profiles early post-irradiation, returning closer to vehicle-treated levels over time, but persistent increases in Akkermansia and Bacteroides compared to Neulasta alone. Discussion This study provides a framework for the identification of microbial elements that may influence radiosensitivity, biodosimetry and the efficacy of potential therapeutics. Moreover, increased survival from H-ARS using these therapeutics may affect the symptoms and appearance of what may have been subclinical GI-ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S. Horseman
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew M. Frank
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Georgetta Cannon
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Min Zhai
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew G. Olson
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bin Lin
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xianghong Li
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Hull
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mang Xiao
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Juliann G. Kiang
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David M. Burmeister
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Mattioli LB, Frosini M, Corazza I, Fiorino S, Zippi M, Micucci M, Budriesi R. Long COVID-19 gastrointestinal related disorders and traditional Chinese medicine: A network target-based approach. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2323-2346. [PMID: 38421118 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The significant number of individuals impacted by the pandemic makes prolonged symptoms after COVID-19 a matter of considerable concern. These are numerous and affect multiple organ systems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), prolonged gastrointestinal issues are a crucial part of post-COVID-19 syndrome. The resulting disruption of homeostasis underscores the need for a therapeutic approach based on compounds that can simultaneously affect more than one target/node. The present review aimed to check for nutraceuticals possessing multiple molecular mechanisms helpful in relieving Long COVID-19-specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Specific plants used in Keywords Chinese Medicine (TCM) expected to be included in the WHO Global Medical Compendium were selected based on the following criteria: (1) they are widely used in the Western world as natural remedies and complementary medicine adjuvants; (2) their import and trade are regulated by specific laws that ensure quality and safety (3) have the potential to be beneficial in alleviating intestinal issues associated with Long COVID-19. Searches were performed in PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and ResearchGate up to 2023. Cinnamomum cassia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Magnolia officinalis, Poria cocos, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Zingiber officinalis were identified as the most promising for their potential impact on inflammation and oxidative stress. Based on the molecular mechanisms of the phytocomplexes and isolated compounds of the considered plants, their clinical use may lead to benefits in gastrointestinal diseases associated with Long COVID-19, thanks to a multiorgan and multitarget approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beatrice Mattioli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Azienda USL, Budrio Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology & Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Avdatek F, Güngör Ş, Gülhan MF, İnanç ME, Olğaç KT, Denk B, Yeni D, Taşdemir U. Cryopreservation of ram semen: baicalein efficiency on oxidative stress, chromatin integrity, viability and motility post thaw. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1394273. [PMID: 38645646 PMCID: PMC11027560 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1394273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Baicalein (B) has potential antioxidant properties, but it has not been tested as a ram semen extender. This study aimed to assess the impact of B on various sperm parameters and determine its potential influence on semen quality after the freeze-thawing process. During the breeding season, ejaculates were obtained from four rams with the aid of an artificial vagina. The collected mixed semen samples were divided into four groups: control (C; 0), B0.5 (0.5 mM), B1 (1 mM), and B2 (2 mM). After semen extension, the samples were loaded into 0.25 mL straws and stored for 2 h at 4°C prior to freezing in liquid nitrogen vapor and thawed in a water bath at 37°C. Among the groups, B0.5 demonstrated the highest progressive motility results, while B1 and B2 exhibited reduced motility (p < 0.05). In terms of high mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and viability, B0.5 showed significantly superior outcomes to the other B groups (p < 0.05), although it was not significantly better than C. B1 displayed the highest plasma membrane integrity levels (p < 0.05). Notably, B2 displayed the lowest total antioxidant status levels among the groups (p < 0.05). The findings of this study suggested that the in vitro spermatological characteristics of ram spermatozoa such as progressive motility and chromatin integrity can be protected from the freeze-thawing process by using the 0.5 mM dose of baicalein as a semen extender. The treatment of sperm freezing might benefit from further in-depth research on the role of B in the improvement of cryoinjury and its underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Avdatek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Şükrü Güngör
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Fuat Gülhan
- Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Aromatic Plants, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Enes İnanç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Tuna Olğaç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Barış Denk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Yeni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Umut Taşdemir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Türkiye
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Tang FL, Xie LW, Tang LF, Lu HY, Zhu RQ, Wang DF, Tian Y, Cai S, Li M. Fraxin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin 8-glucoside) confers protection against ionizing radiation-induced intestinal epithelial injury in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111637. [PMID: 38335653 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The small intestine exhibits remarkable sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR), which significantly hampers the effectiveness of radiotherapy in the treatment of abdominal and pelvic tumors. Unfortunately, no effective medications are available to treat radiation-induced intestinal damage (RIID). Fraxin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin 8-glucoside), is a coumarin derivative extracted from the Chinese herb Cortex Fraxini. Several studies have underscored the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties of fraxin. However, the efficacy of fraxin at preventing or mitigating RIID remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of fraxin against RIID in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The study findings revealed that fraxin markedly ameliorated intestinal injuries induced by 13 Gy whole abdominal irradiation (WAI), which was accompanied by a significant increase in the population of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and Ki67+ progeny. Furthermore, fraxin mitigated WAI-induced intestinal barrier damage, and reduced oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation in mice. Transcriptome sequencing of fraxin-treated mice revealed upregulation of IL-22, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in regulating the function of intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, in both human intestinal epithelial cells and ex vivo cultured mouse intestinal organoids, fraxin effectively ameliorated IR-induced damage by promoting the expression of IL-22. The radioprotective effects of fraxin were partially negated in the presence of an IL-22-neutralizing antibody. In summary, fraxin is demonstrated to possess the ability to alleviate RIID and maintain intestinal homeostasis, suggesting that fraxin might serve as a strategy for mitigating accidental radiation exposure- or radiotherapy-induced RIID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Tang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Li-Wei Xie
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Lin-Feng Tang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Rui-Qiu Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Di-Fan Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Shang Cai
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Lu Q, Liang Y, Tian S, Jin J, Zhao Y, Fan H. Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury: Injury Mechanism and Potential Treatment Strategies. TOXICS 2023; 11:1011. [PMID: 38133412 PMCID: PMC10747544 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is one of the most common intestinal complications caused by radiotherapy for pelvic and abdominal tumors and it seriously affects the quality of life of patients. However, the treatment of acute RIII is essentially symptomatic and nutritional support treatment and an ideal means of prevention and treatment is lacking. Researchers have conducted studies at the cellular and animal levels and found that some chemical or biological agents have good therapeutic effects on RIII and may be used as potential candidates for clinical treatment. This article reviews the injury mechanism and potential treatment strategies based on cellular and animal experiments to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of RIII in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Lu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.T.); (J.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yangfan Liang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.T.); (J.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sijia Tian
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.T.); (J.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.T.); (J.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.T.); (J.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (S.T.); (J.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
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Ji-hong Y, Yu M, Ling-hong Y, Jing-jing G, Ling-li X, Lv W, Yong-mei J. Baicalein attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibroblast senescence and lung fibrosis through restoration of Sirt3 expression. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:288-297. [PMID: 36815239 PMCID: PMC9970214 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2160767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fibroblast senescence was reported to contribute to the pathological development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and baicalein is reported to attenuate IPF. OBJECTIVE This study explores whether baicalein attenuates lung fibrosis by regulating lung fibroblast senescence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly assigned to control, bleomycin (BLM), baicalein and BLM + baicalein groups. Lung fibrosis was established by a single intratracheal dose of BLM (3 mg/kg). The baicalein group received baicalein orally (100 mg/kg/day). Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) siRNA (50 μg) was injected through the tail vein once a week for 2 weeks to explore its effect on the anti-pulmonary fibrosis of baicalein. RESULTS BLM-treated mice exhibited obvious lung fibrosis and fibroblast senescence by showing increased levels of collagen deposition (27.29% vs. 4.14%), hydroxyproline (208.05 vs. 40.16 ng/mg), collagen I (25.18 vs. 9.15 μg/mg), p53, p21, p16, MCP-1, PAI-1, TNF-α, MMP-10 and MMP-12 in lung tissues, which were attenuated by baicalein. Baicalein also mitigated BLM-mediated activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. Baicalein restored the BLM-induced downregulation of Sirt3 expression in lung tissues and silencing of Sirt3 abolished the inhibitory role of baicalein against BLM-induced lung fibrosis, fibroblast senescence and activation of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein preserved the BLM-induced downregulation of lung Sirt3 expression, and thus the suppression of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway and lung fibrosis, which might provide an experimental basis for treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji-hong
- Department of Acute and Critical Care, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ma Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine-integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ling-hong
- Department of Acute and Critical Care, Changxing Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Jing-jing
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ling-li
- Department of Acute and Critical Care, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yong-mei
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cheng H, Zhang D, Wu J, Liu J, Zhou Y, Tan Y, Feng W, Peng C. Interactions between gut microbiota and polyphenols: A mechanistic and metabolomic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154979. [PMID: 37552899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols are a class of naturally sourced compounds with widespread distribution and an extensive array of bioactivities. However, due to their complex constituents and weak absorption, a convincing explanation for their remarkable bioactivity remains elusive for a long time. In recent years, interaction with gut microbiota is hypothesized to be a reasonable explanation of the potential mechanisms for natural compounds especially polyphenols. OBJECTIVES This review aims to present a persuasive explanation for the contradiction between the limited bioavailability and the remarkable bioactivities of polyphenols by examining their interactions with gut microbiota. METHODS We assessed literatures published before April 10, 2023, from several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The keywords used include "polyphenols", "gut microbiota", "short-chain fatty acids", "bile acids", "trimethylamine N-oxide", "lipopolysaccharides" "tryptophan", "dopamine", "intestinal barrier", "central nervous system", "lung", "anthocyanin", "proanthocyanidin", "baicalein", "caffeic acid", "curcumin", "epigallocatechin-3-gallate", "ferulic acid", "genistein", "kaempferol", "luteolin", "myricetin", "naringenin", "procyanidins", "protocatechuic acid", "pterostilbene", "quercetin", "resveratrol", etc. RESULTS: The review first demonstrates that polyphenols significantly alter gut microbiota diversity (α- and β-diversity) and the abundance of specific microorganisms. Polyphenols either promote or inhibit microorganisms, with various factors influencing their effects, such as dosage, treatment duration, and chemical structure of polyphenols. Furthermore, the review reveals that polyphenols regulate several gut microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, dopamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. Polyphenols affect these metabolites by altering gut microbiota composition, modifying microbial enzyme activity, and other potential mechanisms. The changed microbial metabolites induced by polyphenols subsequently trigger host responses in various ways, such as acting as intestinal acid-base homeostasis regulators and activating on specific target receptors. Additionally, polyphenols are transformed into microbial derivatives by gut microbiota and these polyphenols' microbial derivatives have many potential advantages (e.g., increased bioactivity, improved absorption). Lastly, the review shows polyphenols maintain intestinal barrier, central nervous system, and lung function homeostasis by regulating gut microbiota. CONCLUSION The interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota provides a credible explanation for the exceptional bioactivities of polyphenols. This review aids our understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind the bioactivity of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yaochuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
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Dahiya A, Agrawala PK, Dutta A. Mitigative and anti-inflammatory effects of Trichostatin A against radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and gut microbiota alteration in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1865-1878. [PMID: 37531370 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2242929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury (RIGI) is a serious side effect of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy, which often limits the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynaecological cancers. RIGI is also observed during accidental radiological or nuclear scenarios with no approved agents available till date to prevent or mitigate RIGI in humans. Trichostatin A (TSA), an epigenetic modulator, has been currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment and is also well known for its antibiotic and antifungal properties. METHODS In this study, partial body (abdominal) irradiation mice model was used to investigate the mitigative effect of TSA against gastrointestinal toxicity caused by gamma radiation. Mice were checked for alterations in mean body weight, diarrheal incidence, disease activity index and survival against 15 Gy radiation. Structural abnormalities in intestine and changes in microbiota composition were studied by histopathology and 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples respectively. Immunoblotting and biochemical assays were performed to check protein nitrosylation, expression of inflammatory mediators, infiltration of inflammatory cells and changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine. RESULTS TSA administration to C57Bl/6 mice improved radiation induced mean body weight loss, maintained better health score, reduced disease activity index and promoted survival. The 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal DNA demonstrated that TSA influenced the fecal microbiota dynamics with significant alterations in the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio. TSA effectively mitigated intestinal injury, down-regulated NF-κB, Cox-2, iNOS expression, inhibited PGE2 and protein nitrosylation levels in irradiated intestine. The upregulation of NLRP3-inflammasome complex and infiltrations of inflammatory cells in the inflamed intestine were also prevented by TSA. Subsequently, the myeloperoxidase activity in intestine alongwith serum IL-18 levels was found reduced. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that TSA inhibits inflammatory mediators, alleviates gut dysbiosis, and promotes structural restoration of the irradiated intestine. TSA, therefore, can be considered as a potential agent for mitigation of RIGI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshu Dahiya
- CBRN Division, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India
| | - Paban K Agrawala
- CBRN Division, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India
| | - Ajaswrata Dutta
- CBRN Division, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India
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Oh E, Jung WW, Sul D. DNA damage and protective effects of placental extracts in blood lymphocytes and lymphoid organs of mice exposed to gamma irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2023.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Fernandes A, Oliveira A, Soares R, Barata P. The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Gut Microbiota: What Can Animal Models Tell Us?-A Systematic Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3877-3910. [PMID: 37232718 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is relatively stable; however, various factors can precipitate an imbalance that is known to be associated with various diseases. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review of studies reporting the effects of ionizing radiation on the composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota of animals. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. The standard methodologies expected by Cochrane were utilized. RESULTS We identified 3531 non-duplicated records and selected twenty-nine studies after considering the defined inclusion criteria. The studies were found to be heterogeneous, with significant differences in the chosen populations, methodologies, and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence of an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbiota diversity and richness and alterations in the taxonomic composition. Although differences in taxonomic composition varied across studies, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Alistipes, and Akkermancia most consistently reported to be relatively more abundant after ionizing radiation exposure, whereas Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Lactobacillus were relatively reduced. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the effect of ionizing exposure on gut microbiota diversity, richness, and composition. It paves the way for further studies on human subjects regarding gastrointestinal side effects in patients submitted to treatments with ionizing radiation and the development of potential preventive, therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernandes
- Department Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, E.P.E., 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Department Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, E.P.E., 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barata
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Wang X, Hou L, Cui M, Liu J, Wang M, Xie J. The traditional Chinese medicine and non-small cell lung cancer: from a gut microbiome perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1151557. [PMID: 37180438 PMCID: PMC10167031 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most serious diseases affecting human health today, and current research is focusing on gut flora. There is a correlation between intestinal flora imbalance and lung cancer, but the specific mechanism is not clear. Based on the "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" and the "lung-intestinal axis" theory. Here, based on the theoretical comparisons of Chinese and western medicine, we summarized the regulation of intestinal flora in NSCLC by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbal compounds and their intervention effects, which is conducive to providing new strategies and ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Liming Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi an, China
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Junnan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering (School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences), Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi an, China
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12
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Yu Y, Lin X, Feng F, Wei Y, Wei S, Gong Y, Guo C, Wang Q, Shuai P, Wang T, Qin H, Li G, Yi L. Gut microbiota and ionizing radiation-induced damage: Is there a link? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115947. [PMID: 37080277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
According to observational findings, ionizing radiation (IR) triggers dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, affecting the structural composition, function, and species of the gut microbiome and its metabolites. These modifications can further exacerbate IR-induced damage and amplify proinflammatory immune responses. Conversely, commensal bacteria and favorable metabolites can remodel the IR-disturbed gut microbial structure, promote a balance between anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory mechanisms in the body, and mitigate IR toxicity. The discovery of effective and safe remedies to prevent and treat radiation-induced injuries is vitally needed because of the proliferation of radiation toxicity threats produced by recent radiological public health disasters and increasing medical exposures. This review examines how the gut microbiota and its metabolites are linked to the processes of IR-induced harm. We highlight protective measures based on interventions with gut microbes to optimize the distress caused by IR damage to human health. We offer prospects for research in emerging and promising areas targeting the prevention and treatment of IR-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiu Yu
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Feiyang Feng
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanyun Wei
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yaqi Gong
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Caimao Guo
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Peimeng Shuai
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Lan Yi
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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13
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STS1 and STS2 Phosphatase Inhibitor Baicalein Enhances the Expansion of Hematopoietic and Progenitor Stem Cells and Alleviates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Myelosuppression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032987. [PMID: 36769312 PMCID: PMC9917816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STS1 and STS2, as the protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate FLT3 and cKIT, negatively regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). To obtain the small molecule inhibitors of STS1/STS2 phosphatase activity used to expand HSPCs both in vitro and in vivo, we establish an in vitro phosphatase assay using the recombinant proteins of the STS1/STS2 histidine phosphatase (HP) domain, by which we screened out baicalein (BC) as one of the effective inhibitors targeting STS1 and STS2. Then, we further demonstrate the direct binding of BC with STS1/STS2 using molecular docking and capillary electrophoresis and verify that BC can restore the phosphorylation of FLT3 and cKIT from STS1/STS2 inhibition. In a short-term in vitro culture, BC promotes profound expansion and enhances the colony-forming capacity of both human and mouse HSPCs along with the elevation of phospho-FLT3 and phospho-cKIT levels. Likewise, in vivo administration with BC significantly increases the proportions of short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs), multipotent progenitors (MPPs) and especially long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) in healthy mouse bone marrow and increases the numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) formed by HSPCs as well. More importantly, pre-administration of BC significantly enhances the survival of mice with lethal 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injection due to the alleviation of 5-FU-induced myelosuppression, as evidenced by the recovery of bone marrow histologic injury, the increased proportions of LT-HSCs, ST-HSCs and MPPs, and enhanced colony-forming capacity. Collectively, our study not only suggests BC as one of the small molecule candidates to stimulate HSPC expansion both in vitro and in vivo when needed in either physiologic or pathologic conditions, but also supports STS1/STS2 as potential therapeutic drug targets for HSPC expansion and hematopoietic injury recovery.
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14
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Zhang NN, Jiang ZM, Li SZ, Yang X, Liu EH. Evolving interplay between natural products and gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175557. [PMID: 36716810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests gut microbiota status affects human health, and microbiota imbalance will induce multiple disorders. Natural products are gaining increasing attention for their therapeutical effects and less side effects. The emerging studies support that the activities of many natural products are dependent on gut microbiota, meanwhile gut microbiota is modulated by natural products. In this review, we summarized the interplay between the gut microbiota and host disease, and the emerging molecular mechanisms of the interaction between natural products and gut microbiota. Focusing on gut microbiota metabolite of various natural products, and the effects of natural products on gut microbiota, we summarized the biotransformation pathways of natural products, and discussed the effect of natural products on the composition modulation of gut microbiota, protection of gut mucosal barrier and modulation of the gut microbiota metabolites. Dissecting the interplay between gut microbiota and natural products will help elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shang-Zhen Li
- Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Zhou P, Zhao XN, Ma YY, Tang TJ, Wang SS, Wang L, Huang JL. Virtual screening analysis of natural flavonoids as trimethylamine (TMA)-lyase inhibitors for coronary heart disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14376. [PMID: 35945702 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is defined by atherosclerosis, which can result in stenosis or blockage of the arterial cavity, leading to ischemic cardiac diseases such as angina and myocardial infarction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the beginning and progression of CHD. The gut microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), is intimately linked to the pathophysiology of CHD. TMAO is formed when trimethylamine (TMA) is converted by flavin-containing monooxygenases in the hepatocytes. Therefore, inhibition of TMA production is essential to reduce TMAO levels. Flavonoids may reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. In this article, we reviewed and evaluated twenty-two flavonoids for the therapy of CHD based on their inhibition of TMA-lyase by molecular docking. Docking results revealed that baicalein, fisetin, acacetin, and myricetin in flavonoid aglycones, and baicalin, naringin, and hesperidin in flavonoid glycosides had a good binding effect with TMA-lyase. This indicates that these chemicals were the most active and could be used as lead compounds for structural modification in the future. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Flavonoids are a large class of polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, tea, and herbal medicines, which are inexorably metabolized and transformed into bioactive metabolites by α-rhamnosidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, and nitroreductase produced by the gut microbiota, which plays a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Because flavonoids protect the cardiovascular system and regulate the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiota is directly connected to TMAO, thus, reducing TMAO levels involves blocking the transition of TMA to TMAO, which may be performed by reducing TMA synthesis. Molecular docking results found that baicalein, fisetin, acacetin, and myricetin in flavonoid aglycones, and baicalin, naringin, and hesperidin in flavonoid glycosides had good binding effects on TMA-lyase, which were the most active and could be used as lead compounds for structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhao
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yao Ma
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Juan Tang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Shu Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ling Huang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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16
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The Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Radiation Enteropathy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081613. [PMID: 36014031 PMCID: PMC9415405 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating host physiology. In a stable state, both the microbiota and the gut work synergistically. The overall homeostasis of the intestinal flora can be affected by multiple factors, including disease states and the treatments given for those diseases. In this review, we examine the relatively well-characterised abnormalities that develop in the microbiome in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and compare and contrast them to those that are found in radiation enteropathy. We discuss how these changes may exert their effects at a molecular level, and the possible role of manipulating the microbiome through the use of a variety of therapies to reduce the severity of the underlying condition.
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17
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Protective and therapeutic effects of Scutellaria baicalensis and its main active ingredients baicalin and baicalein against natural toxicities and physical hazards: a review of mechanisms. Daru 2022; 30:351-366. [PMID: 35870110 PMCID: PMC9715893 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) has been traditionally used to combat a variety of conditions ranging from ischemic heart disease to cancer. The protective effects of SB are due to the action of two main flavonoids baicalin (BA) and baicalein (BE). This paper aimed to provide a narrative review of the protective and antidotal effects of SB and its main constituents against natural toxicities and physical hazards. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Scientific databases Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched, based on different keywords for in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies which reported protective or therapeutic effects of SB or its constituents in natural and physical toxicities. RESULTS Numerous studies have reported that treatment with BE, BA, or total SB extract prevents or counteracts the detrimental toxic effects of various natural compounds and physical hazards. The toxic agents include mycotoxins, lipopolysaccharide, multiple plants and animal-derived substances as well as physical factors which negatively affected vital organs such as CNS, liver, kidneys, lung and heart. Increasing the expression of radical scavenging enzymes and glutathione content as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic mediators were important mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION Different studies on the Chinese skullcap have exhibited that its total root extract, BA or BE can act as potential antidotes or protective agents against the damage induced by natural toxins and physical factors by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the scarcity of high-quality clinical evidence means that further clinical studies are required to reach a more definitive conclusion.
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18
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Li P, Zhang R, Wang M, Chen Y, Chen Z, Ke X, Zuo L, Wang J. Baicalein Prevents Fructose-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Rats: In the Regulation of Fatty Acid De Novo Synthesis, Fatty Acid Elongation and Fatty Acid Oxidation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917329. [PMID: 35847050 PMCID: PMC9280198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic fibrosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma, is a liver disease worldwide without approved therapeutic drugs. Baicalein (BAL), a flavonoid compound extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.), has been used in TCM clinical practice for thousands of years to treat liver diseases due to its “hepatoprotective effect”. However, the underlying liver-protecting mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that oral administration of BAL significantly decreased excess serum levels of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as hepatic TG in fructose-fed rats. Attenuation of the increased vacuolization and Oil Red O staining area was evident on hepatic histological examination in BAL-treated rats. Mechanistically, results of RNA-sequencing, western-blot, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and hepatic metabolomics analyses indicated that BAL decreased fructose-induced excessive nuclear expressions of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (mSREBP1c) and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), which led to the decline of lipogenic molecules [including fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongation of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)], accompanying with the alternation of hepatic fatty acids composition. Meanwhile, BAL enhanced fatty acid oxidation by activating AMPK/PGC1α signaling axis and PPARα signal pathway, which elicited high expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT1α) and Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACO1) in livers of fructose-fed rats, respectively. BAL ameliorated fructose-induced hepatic steatosis, which is associated with regulating fatty acid synthesis, elongation and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- The Pharmacy Department, the Second People’s Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiumei Ke
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang,
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19
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Pharmacological Effects of Polyphenol Phytochemicals on the Intestinal Inflammation via Targeting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136939. [PMID: 35805952 PMCID: PMC9266441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR4/NF-κB is a key inflammatory signaling transduction pathway, closely involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory response. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), the first mammalian TLR to be characterized, is the innate immune receptor that plays a key role in inflammatory signal transductions. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the TLR4 downstream, is the key to accounting for the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans is a chronic inflammatory disease with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. Targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective strategy to alleviate intestinal inflammation. Polyphenol phytochemicals have shown noticeable alleviative effects by acting on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of more than 20 kinds of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation via targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. We expected that polyphenol phytochemicals targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective approach to treat IBD in future clinical research applications.
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Sitagliptin Alleviates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury by Activating NRF2-Antioxidant Axis, Mitigating NLRP3 Inf--lammasome Activation, and Reversing Gut Microbiota Disorder. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2586305. [PMID: 35620578 PMCID: PMC9129991 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2586305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal injury is a common and critical complication of radiotherapy for pelvic or abdominal tumors, with limited therapeutic strategies and effectiveness. Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor, has previously been reported to alleviate total body irradiation- (TBI-) induced damage of hematopoietic system in mice, but its effect on radiation-induced intestinal injury remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed that Sitagliptin could not only protect mice from death and weight loss caused by whole abdominal irradiation (WAI) but also improve the morphological structure of intestine and the regeneration ability of enterocytes. In addition, Sitagliptin significantly inhibited the production of radiation-induced proinflammatory cytokines and reduced the number of apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells and γ-H2AX expression. In vitro, we demonstrated that Sitagliptin protected HIEC-6 cells from ionizing radiation, resulting in increased cell viability and reduced DNA damage. Mechanistically, the radiation protection of Sitagliptin might be related to the upregulation of NRF2 level and the decrease of NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Importantly, Sitagliptin significantly restored radiation-induced changes in bacterial composition. In conclusion, our results suggested that Sitagliptin could reduce WAI-induced intestinal injury in mice, which may provide novel therapeutic strategy for radiation-induced intestinal injury.
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21
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Wu A, Tang J, Dai Y, Huang H, Nie J, Hu W, Pei H, Zhou G. Downregulation of Long Noncoding RNA CRYBG3 Enhances Radiosensitivity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Depending on p53 Status. Radiat Res 2022; 198:297-305. [PMID: 35439322 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00197.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with high recurrence and metastasis rates, and more than half of the patients diagnosed with NSCLC receive local radiotherapy. However, the intrinsic radio-resistance of cancer cells is a major barrier to effective radiotherapy for NSCLC. CRYBG3 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that was originally identified to be upregulated in NSCLC and enhanced metastasis of NSCLC cells by interacting with eEF1A1 to promote murine double minute 2 (MDM2) expression. The aims of this study were to reveal the contribution of CRYBG3 to the radioresistance of NSCLC and determine whether that is associated with MDM2-p53 pathway. Therefore, CRYBG3 was stably downregulated in A549 (wild-type p53) and H1299 (deficient p53) cells by infecting short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral particles. The results showed that downregulation of CRYBG3 increased DNA damage, enhanced apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein expression in A549 or p53-overexpressed H1299 cells but not in H1299 or p53-silenced A549 cells after X-ray irradiation. However, the contribution of CRYBG3 to radioresistance was abolished by eEF1A1 or MDM2 knockdown in A549 cells. Thus, we concluded that downregulation of CRYBG3 enhanced radiosensitivity by reducing MDM2 expression then leading to decreased MDM2-mediated degradation of p53 in wild-type p53 expressing NSCLC cells. These findings suggested that CRYBG3 can be a potential target for therapeutic intervention of certain lung cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingchu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hailong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, China
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22
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Zhao K, Yao M, Zhang X, Xu F, Shao X, Wei Y, Wang H. Flavonoids and intestinal microbes interact to alleviate depression. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1311-1318. [PMID: 34625972 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have a variety of biological activities that are beneficial to human health. However, owing to low bioavailability, most flavonoids exert beneficial effects in the intestine through metabolism by the flora into a variety of structurally different derivatives. Also, flavonoids can modulate the type and structure of intestinal microorganisms to improve human health. It has been reported that the development of depression is accompanied by changes in the type and number of intestinal microorganisms, and gut microbes can significantly improve depressive symptoms through the gut-brain axis. Therefore, the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes to alleviate depression is discussed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P.R. China
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23
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Chen G, Han Y, Zhang H, Tu W, Zhang S. Radiotherapy-Induced Digestive Injury: Diagnosis, Treatment and Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757973. [PMID: 34804953 PMCID: PMC8604098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic methods for treating cancer. The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). The digestive system is easily impaired during radiotherapy, especially in thoracic and abdominal radiotherapy. In this review, we introduce the physical classification, basic pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, predictive/diagnostic factors, and possible treatment targets of radiotherapy-induced digestive injury. Radiotherapy-induced digestive injury complies with the dose-volume effect and has a radiation-based organ correlation. Computed tomography (CT), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound (US) and endoscopy can help diagnose and evaluate the radiation-induced lesion level. The latest treatment approaches include improvement in radiotherapy (such as shielding, hydrogel spacers and dose distribution), stem cell transplantation and drug administration. Gut microbiota modulation may become a novel approach to relieving radiogenic gastrointestinal syndrome. Finally, we summarized the possible mechanisms involved in treatment, but they remain varied. Radionuclide-labeled targeting molecules (RLTMs) are promising for more precise radiotherapy. These advances contribute to our understanding of the assessment and treatment of radiation-induced digestive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenling Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Zhang Y, Dong Y, Lu P, Wang X, Li W, Dong H, Fan S, Li D. Gut metabolite Urolithin A mitigates ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10306-10312. [PMID: 34595829 PMCID: PMC8572803 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)‐induced intestinal damage is the major and common injury of patients receiving radiotherapy. Urolithin A (UroA) is a metabolite of the intestinal flora of ellagitannin, a compound found in fruits and nuts such as pomegranates, strawberries and walnuts. UroA shows the immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory capacity in various metabolic diseases. To evaluate the radioprotective effects, UroA(0.4, 2 and 10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected to C57BL/6 male mice 48, 24, 1 h prior to and 24 h after 9.0Gy TBI. The results showed that UroA markedly upregulated the survival of irradiated mice, especially at concentration of 2 mg/kg. UroA improved the intestine morphology architecture and the regeneration ability of enterocytes in irradiated mice. Then, UroA significantly decreased the apoptosis of enterocytes induced by radiation. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed the effect of UroA is associated with the recovery of the IR‐induced intestinal microbacteria profile changes in mice. Therefore, our results determinated UroA could be developed as a potential candidate for radiomitigators in radiotherapy and accidental nuclear exposure. And the beneficial functions of UroA might be associated with the inhibition of p53‐mediated apoptosis and remodelling of the gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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25
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Fernandes A, Oliveira A, Soares R, Barata P. The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Gut Microbiota, a Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3025. [PMID: 34578902 PMCID: PMC8465723 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut microbiota is defined as the microorganisms that collectively inhabit the intestinal tract. Its composition is relatively stable; however, an imbalance can be precipitated by various factors and is known to be associated with various diseases. Humans are daily exposed to ionizing radiation from ambient and medical procedures, and gastrointestinal side effects are not rare. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Primary outcomes were changes in composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota after ionizing radiation exposure. Standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane were used. RESULTS A total of 2929 nonduplicated records were identified, and based on the inclusion criteria, 11 studies were considered. Studies were heterogeneous, with differences in population and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence for an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis: reduction in microbiota diversity and richness, increase in pathogenic bacteria abundance (Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria), and decrease in beneficial bacteria (Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium). CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the importance of considering the influence of ionizing radiation exposure on gut microbiota, especially when considering the side effects of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy. Better knowledge of these effects, with larger population studies, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernandes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Barata
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
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26
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Sah DK, Rai Y, Chauhan A, Kumari N, Chaturvedi MM, Bhatt AN. Sphingosine kinase inhibitor, SKI-II confers protection against the ionizing radiation by maintaining redox homeostasis most likely through Nrf2 signaling. Life Sci 2021; 278:119543. [PMID: 33933460 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) set a series of deleterious events causing acute radiation syndrome and mortality, posing the need for a potent and safe radio-protective drug. IR induces cell death predominantly by causing oxidative stress and macromolecular damage. The pre-existing antioxidant defence machinery of the cellular system plays a crucial role in protecting the cells against oxidative stress by activation of Nrf2. The current study was undertaken to investigate the radio-protective potential of sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SKI-II), which was demonstrated to activate Nrf2 signaling. The safety and efficacy of SKI-II were evaluated with cell cytotoxicity, proliferation index, and clonogenic survival assays in different cell lines, namely Raw 264.7, INT-407, IEC-6 and NIH/3T3 cell lines. A safe dose of SKI-II was found radio-protective in all the cell lines linked with the activated antioxidant defence system, thereby resulting in the amelioration of IR induced oxidative stress. SKI-II pretreatment also significantly reduced DNA damage, micronuclei expression, and accelerated DNA repair kinetics as compared to IR exposed cells. Reduced oxidative stress and enhanced DNA repair significantly reduced apoptosis and suppressed the pro-death signaling associated with IR exposure. Furthermore, the in-vitro observation was verified in the in-vivo model (C57 BL/6). The Intra-peritoneal (IP) administration of SKI-II, 2 h before a lethal dose of IR exposure (7.5 Gy) resulted in 75% survival. These results imply that SKI-II ameliorates IR-induced oxidative stress and cell death by inducing anti-oxidant defence system and DNA repair pathways, thus strengthening its potential to be used as radiation countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Kumar Sah
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh Rai
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Chauhan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Kumari
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi, India
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