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Ferreira MFL, Hernandez GP, Santos ACR, Bohnert D, Upah N, Ranches J. Effects of electrolyte supplementation on performance and physiological responses of preconditioning beef calves. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae016. [PMID: 38390271 PMCID: PMC10883704 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrolyte solution supplementation on the performance and physiological responses of beef calves during a 45-d preconditioning phase. Forty Angus × Hereford steers (230.4 ± 4.8 kg body weight [BW]) were sorted into 20 pens (2 steers/pen) following weaning (day 0). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens: (1) control: access to water only and (2) electrolyte: access to water and electrolyte solution supplementation (10% of total daily water intake) from days 1 to 14. Calf BW and blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 44 of the study. Blood samples were analyzed for sodium, potassium, albumin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and cortisol. All variables were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Electrolyte solution consumption was estimated at 0.70 kg/calf daily (SEM ± 0.21). Calves assigned to the Electrolyte treatment had greater water and total liquid intake than control (P < 0.05). No effects of treatment were observed on ADG or BW (P > 0.05). Effects of day (P < 0.004), but not treatment or treatment × day were observed for sodium, potassium, albumin, cortisol, ceruloplasmin, and haptoglobin. Electrolyte solution supplementation during the preconditioning period did not improve performance nor influenced stress-related markers, however improved liquid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F L Ferreira
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Gracia P Hernandez
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - Aline C R Santos
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | - David Bohnert
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
| | | | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
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Khamhan S, Tathong T, Phoemchalard C. The Effects of Fresh Hemp Leaf Supplementation ( Cannabis sativa) on the Physiological and Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in Transported Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3881. [PMID: 38136918 PMCID: PMC10740800 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transportation stress adversely affects animal health, productivity, and meat quality. Bioactive plant compounds may alleviate transit stress in livestock. This study evaluated the effects of fresh hemp leaf supplementation on blood metabolites, performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in transported goats. Twenty male goats (15 ± 2.76 kgBW) were investigated, some were given a hemp supplement (n = 10) and the remaining goats were used as a control group (n = 10). The hemp group received 10 g/30 kg body weight of fresh leaves prior to transportation. Blood samples were analyzed before and after the 200 km journey. The goats were slaughtered after transit and the quality of the meat examined. In the controlled group, transportation increased neutrophils and electrolytes, but decreased lymphocytes and hemoglobin. In contrast in the hemp-supplemented group, the hemp maintained this animal blood parameters. Body weight and carcass yield, however, did not differ between the two groups. Hemp reduced meat redness at 1 h postmortem but had minimal effects on its pH, color, water holding capacity, tenderness, and texture after 24 h. However, hemp supplementation did alter the odor profiles between the two groups detected by electronic nose sensors. In conclusion, fresh hemp leaf supplementation maintained blood metabolites and had minor advantageous effects on meat quality in response to transportation stress in goats. Further investigation using hemp supplements shows potential to alleviate transit stress, although higher doses may be required in order to further enhance its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawut Khamhan
- That Phanom College, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48110, Thailand
| | - Tanom Tathong
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand;
| | - Chirasak Phoemchalard
- Department of Agriculture, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen Campus, Amnatcharoen 37000, Thailand;
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Pisoni L, Devant M, Bassols AM, Saco Y, Pato R, Pujols J, Marti S. The effects of colostrum consumption and feed restriction during marketing and transportation of male dairy beef calves: Impact on pre-transport nutritional status and on farm recovery. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9304-9322. [PMID: 37641290 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of colostrum consumption and feed restriction on biomarkers of stress, nutritional and health status, gut functionality, and behavior in male dairy beef calves being marketed and transported. A total of 82 male Holstein calves (42 ± 1.2 kg of body weight and 14 ± 0.9 d of age) were used to study the amount of colostrum given at birth at the dairy farm of origin, the degree of feed restriction suffered at an assembly center simulation (d -4 to d -1), and the effects of a 19 h transportation (d -1). Treatments were as follows: control calves (CTRL; n = 16) were fed 10 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, milk replacer (MR) and concentrate at the assembly center, and were not transported; calves fed high colostrum and milk replacer (HCMR; n = 17) were given 10 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, MR at the assembly center, and transported; calved fed high colostrum and rehydrating solution (HCRS; n = 16) were given 10 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, a rehydrating solution (RS) at the assembly center, and transported; calves fed low colostrum and milk replacer (LCMR; n = 17) were given 2 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, MR at the assembly center, and transported; and calves fed low colostrum and rehydrating solution (LCRS; n = 16) were given 2 L of colostrum at the dairy farm of origin, RS at the assembly center, and transported. Transported calves mimic a 19-h transportation. After transport, all calves were fed 2.5 L of MR twice daily and had ad libitum access to concentrate, straw, and water. Calves' recovery was followed for 7 d. Concentrate intake and health records were collected daily from d -4 until d 7 and body weight (BW) and blood samples were collected on d -4, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 7 of the study. Results showed that the feeding regimen provided at the assembly center reduced BW for the HCRS and LCRS calves compared with the CTRL, HCMR, and LCMR calves. Concentrate intake peaked on d 0 in the transported calves, followed by a reduction of intake on d 1 after transportation. Concentrate intake recovery was lower for the LCRS and LCMR calves. On d -1, nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were greater for the HCRS and LCRS calves compared with the CTRL, HCMR, and HCRS calves. After transportation, serum Cr-EDTA concentration was greater for the HCRS and LCRS calves than the HCMR, LCMR, and CTRL calves. The LCRS calves had the lowest serum concentration of citrulline. Finally, health scores were greater for the LCRS calves from d 0 to 7. In summary, both the greatest degree of feed restriction during the assembly center and the low colostrum consumption at birth negatively affected the recovery of concentrate consumption and BW, gut functionality, health status, and behavior in calves after arrival at the rearing farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pisoni
- Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - M Devant
- Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - A M Bassols
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Y Saco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - R Pato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Pujols
- Animal Health IRTA-UAB, Animal Health Research Center (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Marti
- Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
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Rodríguez-González D, Guerrero Legarreta I, Cruz-Monterrosa RG, Napolitano F, Titto CG, Abd El-Aziz AH, Hernández-Avalos I, Casas-Alvarado A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Mota-Rojas D. Assessment of thermal changes in water buffalo mobilized from the paddock and transported by short journeys. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1184577. [PMID: 37252398 PMCID: PMC10217363 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1184577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the welfare of buffaloes during transport is key to obtaining and commercializing high-quality meat products; however, effective assessments require recognizing several stressors that activate physiological mechanisms that can have repercussions on the health and productive performance of species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface temperatures of different body and head regions in this species during events prior, and posterior, to transport for short periods; that is, from paddock to loading. The second goal was to determine the level of correlation between thermal windows. This study used infrared thermography (IRT) to evaluate the surface temperature of 624 water buffaloes (Buffalypso breed) during 12 short trips (average duration = 2 h ± 20 min) by focusing on 11 regions of the body (Regio corporis), in the head regions (Regiones capitis) the face regions (Regiones faciei), Orbital region (Regio orbitalis) with special attention to structures such as the lacrimal caruncle, periocular area and lower eyelid (Regio palpebralis inferior); nasal region (Regio nasalis) with special attention to nostril thermal window; and regions of the skull (Regiones cranii) such as auricular region (Regio auricularis) with special attention to auditory canal and frontal-parietal region (Regio frontalis-parietalis) and trunk region (Truncus regionis) such as thoracic and abdominal regions, regions of the vertebral column (Columna vertebralis) with the thoracic vertebral region (Regio vertebralis thoracis) and lumbar region (Regio lumbalis); and regions of the pelvis limb (Regiones membri pelvini). Recordings were made during seven phases: paddock (P1), herding (P2), corral (P3), chute handling (P4), shipping (P5), pre- (P6), and post-transport (P7). A total of 48,048 readings were obtained from 11 thermal windows. The results showed that the surface temperatures of the windows increased by as much as 5°C during P2, P3, P5, P6, and P7 compared to P1 and P4 (p < 0.0001). Differences of at least 1°C were also observed between thermal windows in the craniofacial, lateral corporal, and peripheral zones (p < 0.0001). Finally, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.9, p < 0.0001) was found between the thermal windows. These findings lead to the conclusion that the surface temperature of the craniofacial and corporal regions of buffaloes transported for short periods varied in relation to the phase of mobilization (from paddock to post-transport), likely as a response to stressful factors, since herding and loading increased the thermal values in each window. The second conclusion is that there are strong positive correlations between central and peripheral thermal windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodríguez-González
- Master’s Program in Agricultural and Livestock Sciences [Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias], Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Guerrero Legarreta
- Department of Biotechnology: Food Science, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa Campus (UAM-I), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosy G. Cruz-Monterrosa
- Department of Food Science, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM-L), Campus Lerma, Lerma City, Mexico
| | - Fabio Napolitano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Etologia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, FZEA-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ayman H. Abd El-Aziz
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ismael Hernández-Avalos
- Department of Biological Science, FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bouzraa S, Agüera EI, Requena F, Rodríguez I, Serrano S. Influence of the Slaughter Method on the Hygienic Quality of Beef Cattle Meat and Animal Welfare Biomarkers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061014. [PMID: 36978555 PMCID: PMC10044570 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to carry out a comparative study between different types of slaughter in beef cattle with and without stunning. In addition, the hygienic quality of the obtained meat was determined through microbiological analysis and the animal welfare at the time of slaughtering was assessed by means of physiological parameters. A total of 52 blood samples collected at the slaughterhouse during slaughter (10 for each type of slaughter: regular, halal, and halal with stunning; 10 at the time of resting; and 12 from rotating box slaughter) were analysed for physiological parameters indicating animal welfare status, namely, glucose, cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). In addition, the meat from 30 of the above animals was analysed for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, enterobacteria and coliforms. Moreover, a radiological study of the possible skull damage due to the non-penetrative captive bolt used at the time of stunning in the halal rite slaughter was carried out. A significance difference (p < 0.05) in the microbiological counts per type of slaughter was observed. It was proven that the amounts of glucose, LDH, CK, and cortisol in plasma were influenced (p < 0.05) by the type of slaughter. The halal rite slaughter using stunning with a non-penetrative captive bolt resulted in the best hygienic quality of meat and obtained the lowest values for all animal welfare biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Bouzraa
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- EGCH_Halal Institute Spain S.L., 14002 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Estrella I. Agüera
- Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Requena
- Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-218683
| | - Inmaculada Rodríguez
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Salud Serrano
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Quispe-Ccasa HA, Saucedo-Uriarte JA, Milla-Pino ME, Cayo-Colca IS. Características bovinas y eventos aversivos durante el faenado en un Centro de Beneficio convencional. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS 2023. [DOI: 10.52973/rcfcv-e33188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de características de bovinos [condición corporal (CC), lesiones prefaenado (LP), estado de preñez (EP) y estado emocional aparente (EEA)], faenados en un centro de beneficio convencional, sobre la frecuencia de eventos aversivos al bienestar animal y calidad cárnica. Se registró el faenado de 99 bovinos, cuantificando los golpes, torceduras de cola, gritos del operario, puntillazos, tiempos de cada etapa, resbalones, caídas, vocalizaciones e intentos de incorporación. Se determinó pH0h, pH1h, pH24h y goteo en el músculo Longissimus dorsi et lumborum. Los datos se analizaron bajo un Diseño Completo al Azar (DCA). Se halló una correlación inversa entre CC y LP (P<0,05), donde bovinos con menor CC presentaron más lesiones en prefaenado. Durante la conducción, más golpes, gritos del operario, tiempo de conducción y tiempo entre derribo y el exanguinado, estaban asociados a bovinos con EEA nervioso. Durante la sujeción, sucedieron más caídas en bovinos del 2/3 de preñez, y el tiempo de sujeción fue mayor en CC<2,75. En el derribo, mayor frecuencia de gritos del operario y número de puntillazos sucedieron en CC>3,25. Bajo las condiciones del estudio, no se encontraron diferencias en el pH y PG% según CC, LP ni EP; sin embargo, bovinos con EEA tranquilo tuvieron menor PG% que EE nervioso (P<0,05), probablemente, con un estado de mayor excitación y estrés. La calidad cárnica es afectada por EEA, pero es necesario establecer mejoras en las prácticas de manejo e insensibilización en el faenado, con el fin de reducir el tiempo de eventos estresantes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurley Abel Quispe-Ccasa
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Escuela de Posgrado. Chachapoyas, Peru - Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, EEA San Bernardo, PROMEG Tropical. Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Perú
| | - José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Escuela de Posgrado. Chachapoyas, Peru - Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, EEA El Porvenir, PROMEG Tropical. Tarapoto, San Martín, Perú
| | | | - Ilse Silvia Cayo-Colca
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología. Chachapoyas, Perú
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Impact of road transportation on physiological and oxidative stress biomarkers in puppies: Beneficial effect of melatonin. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Earley B, Edwards S, Faucitano L, Marti S, de La Lama GCM, Costa LN, Thomsen PT, Ashe S, Mur L, Van der Stede Y, Herskin M. Welfare of cattle during transport. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07442. [PMID: 36092766 PMCID: PMC9449995 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of cattle (including calves) during transport. Welfare of cattle during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of cattle during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of cattle during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards, mainly relating to inexperienced/untrained handlers, inappropriate handling, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions, and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport for cattle. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of unweaned calves, cull cows, the export of cattle by livestock vessels, the export of cattle by road, roll-on-roll-off ferries and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.
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Hamad B, Hadef L, Aggad H. Effect of lairage time on the physiological and hematological parameters of dromedary camel ( Camelus dromedarius). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1655881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Hamad
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Leyla Hadef
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Hebib Aggad
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Animal Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret, Algeria
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García-Torres S, Cabeza de Vaca M, Tejerina D, Romero-Fernández MP, Ortiz A, Franco D, Sentandreu MA, Oliván M. Assessment of Stress by Serum Biomarkers in Calves and Their Relationship to Ultimate pH as an Indicator of Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082291. [PMID: 34438748 PMCID: PMC8388433 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The routine handling of cattle during the rearing period and during antemortem events is an inevitable source of animal stress that can have negative impacts on the quality of meat, resulting in economic losses for the meat industry. This study assesses the breed, the farm management system, and the pre-mortem handling of animals and their impact on serum stress biomarkers, as well as their relationship with pHu. The findings indicate that breed, together with farm management, had the highest impact; cortisol, lactate, and serum amyloid A were identified as potential stress biomarkers in relation to pHu. We believe that these findings might help in the assessment of stress in cattle at the stage prior to slaughter. Abstract Seventy-eight calves from Asturiana de los Valles, Retinta, and Rubia Gallega breeds, under extensive and intensive farm systems and animal mixing and non-mixing conditions, and during the transport and lairage in slaughterhouses, were studied. This research aimed to study the effect of breed, farm system and mixing conditions on serum biomarkers (cortisol, lactate, glucose, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein) and their relationship with pHu at slaughter time, and to evaluate the response of the serum biomarkers of calves throughout fattening period. Moreover, this study aims to evaluate the response of the biomarkers in each breed during the fattening period. At slaughter time, cortisol and lactate were affected by BreedxFarm; Retinta showed the opposite pattern to the others and revealed the highest glucose in extensive farm systems. Rubia Gallega in mixing revealed the highest Amyloid A and haptoglobin. Extensive calves in mixing conditions showed the highest glucose. There was a relationship among the variables cortisol, lactate, Amyloid A, and pHu. Slaughter time was a major stressor, and the stress response was mainly affected by breed. At slaughter, several biomarkers should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Torres
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - María Cabeza de Vaca
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - David Tejerina
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - María Pilar Romero-Fernández
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Meat Quality Area, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden), Extremadura Regional Council, 06187 Guadajira, Badajoz, Spain; (M.C.d.V.); (D.T.); (M.P.R.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Av. de Galicia Nº 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel Sentandreu
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra AS-267 PK19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain;
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Marcato F, van den Brand H, Jansen CA, Rutten VPMG, Kemp B, Engel B, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, van Reenen K. Effects of pre-transport diet, transport duration and transport condition on immune cell subsets, haptoglobin, cortisol and bilirubin in young veal calves. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246959. [PMID: 33592073 PMCID: PMC7886138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of pre-transport diets, transport durations and transport conditions on immune cell subsets, haptoglobin, cortisol and bilirubin of young calves upon arrival at the veal farm. An experiment was conducted with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 factors: 1) provision of rearing milk or electrolytes at the collection center (CC); 2) transport duration (6 or 18 hours) and 3) transport condition (open truck or conditioned truck). Holstein-Friesian and cross-bred calves were used (N = 368; 18 ± 4 days; 45.3 ± 3.3 kg). Blood samples were collected from calves (N = 128) at the collection center, immediately post-transport (T0) and 4, 24, 48 hours, week 1, 3 and 5 post-transport. Blood was analyzed for cortisol, bilirubin, haptoglobin, IgG and IgM. Moreover, cell counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils were measured in blood samples taken at the collection center and T0. In these same blood samples, different lymphocyte populations were characterized by flow cytometry, including CD14+ cells, NK cells, δγ+ T cells, CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD21+ cells. Calves transported in the conditioned truck had higher amounts of white blood cell count (WBC) (Δ = 1.39 × 109/l; P = 0.01), monocytes (Δ = 0.21 × 109/l; P = 0.04), neutrophils (Δ = 0.93 × 109/l; P = 0.003), than calves transported in the open truck regardless, of pre-transport diet or transport duration. The study showed that transport condition and duration influenced parts of the innate immune system of young veal calves. Cortisol, bilirubin and WBC seemed to be connected by similar underlying mechanisms in relation to transport conditions. However, it is unclear which specific pathways in the immune system of young calves are affected by different transport conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, draught).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kees van Reenen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Celestino ML, Menta PR, Fernandes L, Poit D, Neves RC, Ballou MA, Caixeta LS, Machado VS. Short communication: Associations of serum biomarkers of stress and inflammation measured at arrival with health, mortality, and growth of calves transported within the first 4 days of life. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:3547-3553. [PMID: 33358786 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the association between serum concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), cortisol, and l-lactate following transport of dairy heifer calves within their first week of life with health, mortality, and growth during the preweaning period. Blood samples were collected at arrival and included a cohort of 168 Jersey and Jersey-cross calves from 8 different sources located in Minnesota. All calves were raised at a single facility in New Mexico. Incidence of respiratory disease (BRD) and mortality during the preweaning period (60 d of life) were extracted from the farm's software database. Individual body weight was measured at birth and at weaning to estimate average daily gain. No simple linear correlations were found between the biomarkers. The incidence of BRD during the preweaning period was 7.7%. While cortisol and l-lactate serum concentrations were not associated with BRD, Hp was negatively associated with BRD. Receiving operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal threshold value for Hp [threshold ≤0.63 μmol/L (63 μg/mL), area under the curve = 0.65]. A Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that calves with Hp concentration ≤0.63 μmol/L were more likely to be diagnosed with BRD (hazard ratio = 5.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-19.0). A mixed linear model showed that calves with Hp concentration ≤0.63 μmol/L tended to have lower average daily gain (454.4 vs. 479.9 g/d) during the preweaning period than calves with Hp >0.63 μmol/L at arrival. Overall mortality of the cohort was 3.5%, and Hp was not associated with mortality. Although circulating concentrations of l-lactate and cortisol measured at arrival were not associated with BRD incidence during the preweaning period of heifer calves transported within the first 4 d of life, calves with serum Hp concentration >0.63 μmol/L were less likely to be diagnosed with BRD and tended to grow more than calves with Hp ≤0.63 μmol/L. Further research is needed to replicate these results in a larger cohort and to better understand the possible influence of greater inflammatory status at arrival on health and growth of calves transported to a calf-raising facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Celestino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - P R Menta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - L Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - D Poit
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - R C Neves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - M A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - L S Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - V S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409.
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Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Engel B, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, van Reenen K. Effects of pretransport diet, transport duration, and type of vehicle on physiological status of young veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3505-3520. [PMID: 32037174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of pretransport diet (rearing milk vs. electrolytes), type of vehicle (open vs. conditioned truck), and transport duration (6 vs. 18 h) on physiological status of young calves upon arrival at the veal farm. A total of 368 calves were transported in 2 consecutive batches from a collection center to a veal farm. Blood samples were collected from calves before transport; immediately posttransport (T0); and 4, 24, and 48 h, and 1, 3, and 5 wk posttransport. Blood was analyzed for glucose, urea, lactate, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), creatine kinase, albumin, total protein, osmolality, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and hematological variables. Body weight, rectal temperature, and skin elasticity were determined before and immediately posttransport. Blood glucose, NEFA, and urea concentrations at T0 showed an interaction between pretransport diet and transport duration. Milk-fed and electrolyte-fed calves transported for 18 h did not significantly differ in plasma glucose concentration or serum NEFA concentrations. However, after 6 h of transport, milk-fed calves had higher plasma glucose and lower serum NEFA concentrations (4.71 mmol/L and 586.5 µmol/L, respectively) than electrolyte-fed calves (3.56 mmol/L and 916 µmol/L, respectively). After 18 h of transport, milk-fed calves had lower urea concentrations (5.40 mmol/L) than electrolyte-fed calves (7.38 mmol/L). In addition, at T0, after 6 h of transport, milk-fed calves gained weight (Δ = 0.41 kg), whereas electrolyte-fed calves lost weight (Δ = -0.16 kg). After 18 h of transport, both milk-fed and electrolyte-fed calves showed body weight losses (Δ = -0.67 and -0.74 kg, respectively). Type of vehicle had a limited influence on blood parameters. Concentrations of NEFA and BHB reached the maximum values at T0 and then decreased until wk 5 posttransport. The increase in NEFA and BHB concentrations between prior to and just posttransport (T0) was less pronounced in calves transported for 6 h (746.1 µmol/L and 0.38 mmol/L, respectively) than in calves transported for 18 h (850.6 µmol/L and 0.50 mmol/L). Overall, the recovery rate of calves at the veal farm seemed rapid; all blood parameters returned to (below) pretransport values within 48 h posttransport. We concluded that feeding milk before short-term transport helps young veal calves cope with transport, whereas this is not the case during long-term transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Wolthuis-Fillerup
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K van Reenen
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Fuente-Garcia C, Aldai N, Sentandreu E, Oliván M, García-Torres S, Franco D, Zapata C, Sentandreu MA. Search for proteomic biomarkers related to bovine pre-slaughter stress using liquid isoelectric focusing (OFFGEL) and mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2019; 198:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a concise and critical assessment of the literature related to physiologic responses in cattle that are subjected to transportation. Over two-thirds of US cattle are transported. Understanding trends in circulating physiologic parameters is an important part of mitigating the negative effects of transportation. For the producer, linking these effects after transportation to morbidity outcomes within the first 45 days on feed (i.e. especially development of bovine respiratory disease) is critical. Physiologic parameters in circulation are of primary importance and may have value for prediction of bovine respiratory disease on arrival and for the understanding of disease pathogenesis. The results of our literature survey indicated that post-transportation immune function, increased acute phase proteins, glucocorticoids, and inflammation are a pivotal starting point for understanding disease. These potential biomarkers may have utility in identifying disease for targeted therapeutics so that traditional protocols that rely heavily on metaphylaxis can be avoided. Additional research is needed to develop strategies for physiological marker identification, treatment methods, or predictive behaviors to prevent respiratory disease before and after transport. This review examines the significant deleterious effects of transportation handling and stress, and current immune system translation and non-antimicrobial mitigation strategies.
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Brunel HDSS, Dallago BSL, de Almeida AMB, de Assis AZ, de Bento Calzada RJ, de Alvarenga ABB, Menezes AM, Barbosa JP, Lopes PR, González FHD, McManus C, Broom D, Bernal FEM. Hemato-biochemical profile of meat cattle submitted to different types of pre-loading handling and transport times. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:90-96. [PMID: 30255084 PMCID: PMC6149260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-loading handling and conditions of transport are related to welfare, disease risk and product quality of production animals. These steps continue to be one of the major animal management problems in Brazil. This study evaluated the effects of different types of pre-loading handling and road transport times on the haematological and biochemical traits of cattle. Eighteen male cattle were submitted to three travel times (24, 48 and 72 h) in a truck soon after load using different types of pre-loading handling: traditional (rough handling), training (gentle handling) and use of flags to movement cattle. Haematological traits, blood biochemical measures as well as blood and faecal cortisol were analysed in order to assess animal welfare and physiological status. The traditional management showed to be more stressful, also had animals with a greater number of neutrophils and lower numbers of lymphocytes than handling with flags, showing that animals submitted to more stressful situations can have compromised immune system. Serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were within the reference levels and when taken together with increased creatine kinase patterns observed indicate muscle damage in traditional management. Decrease in glucose concentrations over time from traditional management to flag management was observed, while fructosamine was increased in traditional management with 72 h of travel. When taken together, all reported factors, immune, enzymatic, energetic and hormonal, indicate that the quality of pre-loading handling and time of transport were determinant for animal welfare, its homeostatic balance and sanitary conditions.
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Key Words
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Animal welfare
- Blood cortisol
- CK, creatine kinase
- Cort-FZ, faecal cortisol
- Cort-SG, blood cortisol
- ERT, erythrocyte
- FLAG, flag handling
- Faecal cortisol
- FrAm, fructosamine
- GLI, glucose
- Haematological evaluation
- Hb, haemoglobin
- LEU, leukocytes
- LINF, lymphocytes
- MCHC, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
- MCV, mean corpuscular volume
- NEU, neutrophils
- PCV, packed cell volume
- PLAQ, platelets
- Road transport
- TPP, total plasma protein
- TRAD, traditional management (rough handling)
- TRAIN, training management (gentle handling)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilana Dos Santos Sena Brunel
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Stéfano Lima Dallago
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Melgaço Bezerra de Almeida
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Zorzan de Assis
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Jacinta de Bento Calzada
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Braga Brasileiro de Alvarenga
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Morato Menezes
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Barbosa
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Rodrigues Lopes
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Félix Hilário Diaz González
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Concepta McManus
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Donald Broom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Ernesto Moreno Bernal
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil
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Alam M, Hasanuzzaman M, Hassan MM, Rakib TM, Hossain ME, Rashid MH, Sayeed MA, Philips LB, Hoque MA. Assessment of transport stress on cattle travelling a long distance (≈648 km), from Jessore (Indian border) to Chittagong, Bangladesh. Vet Rec Open 2018; 5:e000248. [PMID: 29955367 PMCID: PMC6018847 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2017-000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of long-distance transport on cattle health has not frequently been studied in Bangladesh. The current study investigated the health conditions, and the extent and pattern of cattle injuries, along with haemato-biochemical and hormonal changes, before and after long-distance transportation (≈648 km) from the market of origin to the market of destination. A total of 100 adult cattle were selected at the Benapole live cattle market, Bangladesh, for physical examination before and after transportation. Fifty of these cattle were randomly selected for additional haemato-biochemical evaluation just before the start of transportation (0 hour), immediately after arrival at the destination market (13.8±0.9 hours after the start of transportation) and 24 hours after arrival at the destination market. The external health conditions and injuries were assessed. Animals were fasting in the vehicle during transportation and provided only with paddy straw and water before sale at the destination market. Before and after transportation, the overall frequency of cattle injuries varied significantly (26 per cent before v 47 per cent after transportation; P<0.001). Cattle health conditions diverged significantly (such as nasal discharge: 15 per cent v 28 per cent; P=0.03). The values of haemoglobin (P=0.01), total erythrocyte count (P=0.001), total leucocyte count (P<0.001), lymphocyte (P=0.005), neutrophil (P=0.01) and eosinophil (P=0.01) varied significantly. The values of serum total protein (P=0.006), creatine kinase (P<0.001), triglyceride (P=0.04), calcium (P=0.003), phosphorus (P<0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (P=0.04) significantly differed. The overall findings indicate a high degree of transport stress and poor animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahabub Alam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasanuzzaman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Md Rakib
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emran Hossain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Harun Rashid
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Lindsay B Philips
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, van Reenen K. Evaluating Potential Biomarkers of Health and Performance in Veal Calves. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:133. [PMID: 29977895 PMCID: PMC6021515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Veal calves undergo many challenges in the early stages of their life. Such challenges, including mixing procedures and transportation of calves to the veal farm, may have a negative influence on growth rate, feed intake, metabolism, immunity and disease susceptibility of calves. As a consequence, many hematological, physiological, metabolic and immunological parameters of stressed calves might be altered on arrival at the veal farm. Some of these response variables might be useful as biomarkers of performance of calves at the veal farm as they might provide information about an ongoing disease process, or may predict future diseases. Biomarkers might be helpful to group and manage calves in different risk categories after arrival. By adopting treatment decisions and protocols on a risk-group or individual basis, it would be possible to improve animal health and reduce both disease incidence and antibiotic use. Moreover, the use of biomarkers might be an economically feasible approach as some of them do not need invasive techniques and others can be measured in blood already taken during routine checks. Previous literature mainly assessed the physiological responses of calves to transportation. However, information on the link between on-farm arrival data and future health and performance of veal calves is limited. This review, therefore, examined a wide range of papers and aimed to identify potential biomarkers of future health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Animal Production Systems Group, Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henry van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kees van Reenen
- Animal Production Systems Group, Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Losada-Espinosa N, Villarroel M, María GA, Miranda-de la Lama GC. Pre-slaughter cattle welfare indicators for use in commercial abattoirs with voluntary monitoring systems: A systematic review. Meat Sci 2017; 138:34-48. [PMID: 29291504 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal welfare has become an important subject of public, economic and political concern, leading to the need to validate indicators that are feasible to use at abattoirs. A systematic review was carried out, which identified 72 cattle welfare indicators (CWI) that were classified into four categories (physiological, morphometric, behavioral and meat quality). Their validity and feasibility for use in abattoirs were evaluated as potential measures of cattle welfare during transportation to the abattoir and at the abattoir itself. Several highly valid indicators were identified that are useful to assess welfare at abattoirs, including body condition score, human-animal interactions, vocalizations, falling, carcass bruising, and meat pH. In addition, some intermediate valid indicators are useful and should be investigated further. Information along the food chain could be used systematically to provide a basis for a more-risk-based meat inspection. An integrated system based on the use of key indicators defined for each inspection step with the setting of alarm thresholds could be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natyieli Losada-Espinosa
- Graduate Program in Sciences of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Morris Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo A María
- Department of Animal Production & Food Science, AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Impact of Providing Feed and/or Water on Performance, Physiology, and Behavior of Weaned Pigs during a 32-h Transport. Animals (Basel) 2016; 6:ani6050031. [PMID: 27153096 PMCID: PMC4880848 DOI: 10.3390/ani6050031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transportation has the potential to negatively affect the health and welfare of weaned pigs, especially those already experiencing weaning stress. Piglets were transported for 32 h, with and without feed and water, and measures of performance, physiology, and behavior were taken to assess piglet welfare. Transportation negatively impacted body weight, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (N:L), and post-transport body weight gain, indicating that not providing water during transport can negatively impact the well-being of recently weaned pigs. Provision of water may aid in reducing stress during long distance transport and improve the animals’ well-being. Abstract Transportation at weaning is a complex stressor made up of many factors, including withdrawal from feed and water, which can potentially negatively affect the health and welfare of pigs, especially those already experiencing weaning stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of weaning and extended transport durations (up to 32 h), with and without the provision of feed and/or water, on pig welfare. Treatment groups included: pigs neither weaned nor transported, control (CON); weaned pigs transported and provided with feed and water (T+); weaned pigs transported without feed and water (T−); weaned pigs transported with only feed (T+F); and weaned pigs transported with only water provided (TRAN+W). The effect of transport (with and without feed and/or water) on weaned pigs was assessed using behavior, performance, and physiology. After a 32-h transport period, pigs transported without water lost markedly more weight than those transported with water (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was markedly higher in male pigs transported without water (p < 0.05). Overall, transportation had a negative effect on pig well-being, especially when water was not provided.
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21
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Effects of transport distance, lairage time and stunning efficiency on cortisol, glucose, HSPA1A and how they relate with meat quality in cattle. Meat Sci 2016; 117:89-96. [PMID: 26967002 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of distance travelled, lairage duration and number of stunning shots on the plasma levels of bovine heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A), cortisol (CORT) and glucose (GLU) and their relationship with beef quality. There were positive correlations among HSPA1A, GLU, CORT, a*, b* and the HUE angle. Animals that were stunned more than once had the highest HSPA1A (13.61±2.874ng/ml) and CORT (109.36±8.373nmol/L) levels. Animals that travelled for 200<400km had lower HSPA1A expression (8.29±2.026ng/ml) than those that were transported for 400<800km (12.11±2.548ng/ml) and <200km (17.32±2.362ng/ml). Lairage duration affected (P<0.05) the expression of HSPA1A, GLU and CORT levels. Animals stunned more than once had elevated CORT and HSPA1A levels. HSPA1A, CORT and GLU were related to beef quality. Stunning of animals more than once increased the levels of blood CORT and HSPA1A.
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Tackling proteome changes in the longissimus thoracis bovine muscle in response to pre-slaughter stress. J Proteomics 2015; 122:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rubio Lozano MS, Méndez Medina RD, Reyes Mayorga K, Rubio García ME, Ovando MA, Ngapo TM, Galindo Maldonado FA. Effect of an allostatic modulator on stress blood indicators and meat quality of commercial young bulls in Mexico. Meat Sci 2015; 105:63-7. [PMID: 25817802 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of an allostatic modulator (AM) on stress blood indicators and meat quality traits, the feed of 80 non-castrated 18-20 month-old bulls was supplemented with 10 g/day of an AM for 30 days before slaughter. Another 80 bulls served as control animals. The AM was comprised of ascorbic acid, acetoxybenzoic acid and sodium and potassium chloride. Blood samples were taken at slaughter for analyses of hematocrit value, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, and glucose, lactate and cortisol concentrations. Post-mortem measures of meat color and pH were made at 24h and color, shear force and cooking loss on meat from 20 animals at 28 days. The AM supplementation resulted in lower hematocrit value, erythrocyte count and glucose level (P<0.05), higher a* (P<0.0001) and b* (P<0.0001) at 24h and lower b* (P<0.05) at 28 days. Thus AM treatment improved some stress blood indicators and meat color and therefore merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rubio Lozano
- Meat Science Laboratory, Centro de Enseñanza Práctica e Investigación en Producción y Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Cruz Blanca 486, San Miguel Topilejo, Mexico DF 14500, Mexico.
| | - R D Méndez Medina
- Pathology Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Avenida Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Mexico DF 04150, Mexico
| | - K Reyes Mayorga
- Meat Science Laboratory, Centro de Enseñanza Práctica e Investigación en Producción y Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Cruz Blanca 486, San Miguel Topilejo, Mexico DF 14500, Mexico
| | - M E Rubio García
- Meat Science Laboratory, Centro de Enseñanza Práctica e Investigación en Producción y Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Cruz Blanca 486, San Miguel Topilejo, Mexico DF 14500, Mexico
| | - M A Ovando
- Meat Science Laboratory, Centro de Enseñanza Práctica e Investigación en Producción y Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Cruz Blanca 486, San Miguel Topilejo, Mexico DF 14500, Mexico
| | - T M Ngapo
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Boul. Casavant Ouest, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - F A Galindo Maldonado
- Ethology and Wildlife Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Avenida Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Mexico DF 04150, Mexico
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Mpakama T, Chulayo AY, Muchenje V. Bruising in slaughter cattle and its relationship with creatine kinase levels and beef quality as affected by animal related factors. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:717-25. [PMID: 25050007 PMCID: PMC4093197 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of animal related factors on bruising in slaughter cattle, creatine kinase (CK) and beef quality. Three hundred and twenty one cattle from three breeds (108 Bonsmara, 130 Beefmaster and 83 Brahman) were used in this study. The animals were grouped as follows: Group 1 (16 months old), Group 2 (18 months old) and Group 3 (24 months old). At exsanguinations, blood samples for CK determination were collected using disposable vacutainer tubes. Muscularis longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) was collected 24 h after slaughter to determine the colour (L*, a*, and b*) and ultimate pH (pHu) of beef. Breed, sex and age had significant effects (p<0.05) on bruising score, CK levels and beef quality. Bonsmara breed had the highest (80%) bruising score percentage, CK (705.3±80.57 U/L) and pHu (6.3±0.05) values while the Bonsmara had the highest L* (24.8±0.78) a* (17.5±0.53) and b* (12.8±0.53) values. Higher CK levels were also observed in winter compared to summer, spring and autumn respectively. Therefore, animal factors (sex, breed and animal age at slaughter) contribute to the development of bruises and have an effect on the levels of CK and meat quality. It was also concluded that there is no significant relationship between meat parameters (L,* a*, and b*) and CK levels.
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Miranda-de la Lama GC, Villarroel M, María GA. Livestock transport from the perspective of the pre-slaughter logistic chain: a review. Meat Sci 2014; 98:9-20. [PMID: 24824530 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New developments in livestock transport within the pre-slaughter chain are discussed in terms of three logistic nodes: origin, stopovers and slaughterhouse. Factors as transport cost, haulier, truck specifications, micro-environment conditions, loading density, route planning, vehicle accidents and journey length are discussed as well as causes of morbidity, mortality, live weight and carcass damage. Taking into account current trends towards increased transport times, logistics stopovers and mixed transport, there is a need to develop systems of evaluation and decision-making that provide tools and protocols that can minimize the biological cost to animals, which may have been underestimated in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Agri-Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Unit Lerma, State of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - M Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - G A María
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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Minka NS, Ayo JO. Physiological and behavioral responses of goats to 12-hour road transportation, lairage and grazing periods, and the modulatory role of ascorbic acid. J Vet Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Browning R, Leite-Browning ML. Comparative stress responses to short transport and related events in Hereford and Brahman steers1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:957-69. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Browning
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research, Tennessee State University, Nashville 37209-1561
| | - M. L. Leite-Browning
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research, Tennessee State University, Nashville 37209-1561
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Fazio E, Medica P, Cravana C, Cavaleri S, Ferlazzo A. Effect of temperament and prolonged transportation on endocrine and functional variables in young beef bulls. Vet Rec 2012; 171:644. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Fazio
- Associate professor Veterinary Physiology; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
| | - P. Medica
- Equine Physiology; Department of Morphology; Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
| | - C. Cravana
- Equine Physiology; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
| | - S. Cavaleri
- Biochemistry, Full professor Veterinary Physiology; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
| | - A. Ferlazzo
- Biochemistry, Full professor Veterinary Physiology; Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production; Unit of Veterinary Physiology; University of Messina; Polo Universitario Annunziata; Messina 98168 Italy
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Minka SN, Ayo JO. Hydration state of goats transported by road for 12 hours during the hot-dry conditions and the modulating role of ascorbic acid. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2012; 15:272-88. [PMID: 22742202 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2012.683993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of 12 hr of road transportation during the hot-dry conditions and the modulating role of ascorbic acid (AA) on the hydration state of goats. Twenty goats who served as treatment goats received oral administration of 100 mg/kg body weight of AA, whereas another 20 control goats received sterile water; thereafter, the goats were loaded and transported. The study determined changes in skin thickness; albumin (Alb); total protein (TP); elimination of the gut content; fecal water; urine specific gravity (SG); and pH before, during, and after the transportation. The result obtained in the control goats showed significant (p < .05) increases in the values of TP, Alb, urine SG, and pH; elimination; and drinking behavior, whereas skin thickness decreased over transportation. In the treatment goats who were administered AA, the changes observed in the values were insignificant (p > .05). In conclusion, 12-hr road transportation of goats induced dehydration, which may affect the welfare and health status of the goats. The administration of AA ameliorated the risk of adverse effects of handling, loading, transportation, and hot-dry conditions on hydration state of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salka Ndazo Minka
- College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando-Kaduna, Nigeria.
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Probst JK, Spengler Neff A, Leiber F, Kreuzer M, Hillmann E. Gentle touching in early life reduces avoidance distance and slaughter stress in beef cattle. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Miranda-de la Lama G, Rivero L, Chacón G, Garcia-Belenguer S, Villarroel M, Maria G. Effect of the pre-slaughter logistic chain on some indicators of welfare in lambs. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Averós X, Herranz A, Sánchez R, Gosálvez L. Effect of the duration of commercial journeys between rearing farms and growing–finishing farms on the physiological stress response of weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Influence of road transportation on plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins, including fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and ceruloplasmin, in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-009-0839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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