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Torres JP, Ibañez C, Valenzuela R, Bahamondes S, De la Maza V, Villarroel M, Coria P, Contardo V, Álvarez AM, Zubieta M, Gutierrez V, Ducasse K, Martínez D, Santolaya ME. Efficacy and safety of withholding antimicrobial therapy in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia, with a demonstrated viral respiratory infection: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00201-5. [PMID: 38648896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate the efficacy and safety of withholding antimicrobial therapy in a new cohort of children with cancer and febrile neutropenia (FN) having a demonstrated viral respiratory tract infection (RTI). METHODS Prospective, multicenter, non-inferiority, randomized study, approved by the ethical committee, in children presenting with FN at seven hospitals in Chile, evaluated at admission for diagnosis of bacterial and viral pathogens. Children who were positive for a respiratory virus (RV), negative for a bacterial pathogen and had a favorable evolution after 48-72 hours of antimicrobial therapy were randomized to either maintain or withhold antimicrobial therapy. The primary endpoint was the percentage of episodes with uneventful resolution, whereas the secondary endpoints were days of fever/hospitalization, requirement of antimicrobial treatment readministration, sepsis, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and death. RESULTS A total of 301 of 939 children with FN episodes recruited between March 2021 and December 2023 had a RV as a unique identified microorganism, of which 139 had a favorable evolution at 48-72 hours and were randomized, 70 to maintain and 69 to withdraw antimicrobial therapy. The median days of antimicrobial therapy was 5 (IQR 3-6) versus 3 (IQR 3-6) days (p<0.001), with similar frequency of uneventful resolution (66/70 (94%) and 66/69 (96%), RR 1.01, (95% CI 0.93-1.09), absolute risk difference 0.01, (95% CI -0.05-0.08) and similar number of days of fever and days of hospitalization. No cases of sepsis, PICU admission or death were reported. CONCLUSIONS We validated the strategy of withdrawal antimicrobial therapy in children with FN and viral RTI, based on clinical and microbiological/molecular diagnostic criteria. This will enable advances in antimicrobial stewardship strategies with a possible future impact on antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Program of Antineoplastics Drugs Network (PINDA)
| | - C Ibañez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Valenzuela
- Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Bahamondes
- Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V De la Maza
- Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Villarroel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Program of Antineoplastics Drugs Network (PINDA)
| | - P Coria
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Contardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Roberto del Rio, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Program of Antineoplastics Drugs Network (PINDA)
| | - A M Álvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Program of Antineoplastics Drugs Network (PINDA)
| | - M Zubieta
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Program of Antineoplastics Drugs Network (PINDA)
| | - K Ducasse
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Program of Antineoplastics Drugs Network (PINDA)
| | - D Martínez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Program of Antineoplastics Drugs Network (PINDA)
| | - M E Santolaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Program of Antineoplastics Drugs Network (PINDA).
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Harford M, Villarroel M, Jorge J, Redfern O, Finnegan E, Davidson S, Young JD, Tarassenko L, Watkinson P. Contactless skin perfusion monitoring with video cameras: tracking pharmacological vasoconstriction and vasodilation using photoplethysmographic changes. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 36270506 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac9c82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives.Clinical assessment of skin perfusion informs prognosis in critically ill patients. Video camera monitoring could provide an objective, continuous method to monitor skin perfusion. In this prospective, interventional study of healthy volunteers, we tested whether video camera-derived photoplethysmography imaging and colour measurements could detect drug-induced skin perfusion changes.Approach.We monitored the lower limbs of 30 volunteers using video cameras while administering phenylephrine (a vasoconstrictor) and glyceryl trinitrate (a vasodilator). We report relative pixel intensity changes from baseline, as absolute values are sensitive to environmental factors. The primary outcome was the pre- to peak- infusion green channel amplitude change in the pulsatile PPGi waveform component. Secondary outcomes were pre-to-peak changes in the photoplethysmographic imaging waveform baseline, skin colour hue and skin colour saturation.Main results.The 30 participants had a median age of 29 years (IQR 25-34), sixteen (53%) were male. A 34.7% (p= 0.0001) mean decrease in the amplitude of the pulsatile photoplethysmographic imaging waveform occurred following phenylephrine infusion. A 30.7% (p= 0.000004) mean increase occurred following glyceryl trinitrate infusion. The photoplethysmographic imaging baseline decreased with phenylephrine by 2.1% (p= 0.000 02) and increased with glyceryl trinitrate by 0.5% (p= 0.026). Skin colour hue changed in opposite direction with phenylephrine (-0.0013,p= 0.0002) and glyceryl trinitrate (+0.0006,p= 0.019). Skin colour saturation decreased with phenylephrine by 0.0022 (p= 0.0002), with no significant change observed with glyceryl trinitrate (+0.0005,p= 0.21).Significance.Drug-induced vasoconstriction and vasodilation are associated with detectable changes in photoplethysmographic imaging waveform parameters and skin hue. Our findings suggest video cameras have great potential for continuous, contactless skin perfusion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harford
- Critical Care Research Group, Kadoorie Centre for Critical Care Research and Education, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Villarroel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Jorge
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - O Redfern
- Critical Care Research Group, Kadoorie Centre for Critical Care Research and Education, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Finnegan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Davidson
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J D Young
- Critical Care Research Group, Kadoorie Centre for Critical Care Research and Education, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L Tarassenko
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P Watkinson
- Critical Care Research Group, Kadoorie Centre for Critical Care Research and Education, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Serrano-Lotina A, Portela R, Baeza P, Alcolea-Rodriguez V, Villarroel M, Ávila P. Zeta potential as a tool for functional materials development. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bautista-Fernández M, Estévez-Moreno LX, Losada-Espinosa N, Villarroel M, María GA, De Blas I, Miranda-de la Lama GC. Claw disorders as iceberg indicators of cattle welfare: Evidence-based on production system, severity, and associations with final muscle pH. Meat Sci 2021; 177:108496. [PMID: 33751984 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to use claw disorders in cattle as a retrospective welfare indicator characterized at the abattoir. A total of 1040 cattle (2080 front and back left claws) were analyzed from 143 batches, originating from feedlots, free-range, and dairy systems. Our results indicate that abnormal claw shapes (>55%) and fissures of the claw wall (>25%) had the highest prevalence, regardless of the system of origin. For the seven types of lesions monitored, numerous associations were found between lesions in the front and rear limbs typical of each production system. Ultimate meat pH was higher in animals with white line disease and skin wounds in feedlot and free-range cattle. We conclude that claw disorders can be used as an iceberg indicator to provide valuable information about animal fitness, and the ability to cope with the husbandry and pre-slaughter environment. These indicators can be used to improve the level of welfare of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bautista-Fernández
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico
| | - L X Estévez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - N Losada-Espinosa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM, Mexico
| | - M Villarroel
- CEIGRAM, ETSIAAB, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - G A María
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I De Blas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University, UAM, Lerma, State of Mexico, Mexico.
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Villarroel M, Villagrán F, Olave E, Riveros A. Línea Espiral del Fémur. INT J MORPHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022020000100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Finnegan E, Villarroel M, Velardo C, Tarassenko L. Automated method for detecting and reading seven-segment digits from images of blood glucose metres and blood pressure monitors. J Med Eng Technol 2019; 43:341-355. [PMID: 31679409 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2019.1673844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for fast and accurate transfer of readings from blood glucose metres and blood pressure monitors to a smartphone mHealth application, without a dependency on Bluetooth technology. Most of the medical devices recommended for home monitoring use a seven-segment display to show the recorded measurement to the patient. We aimed to achieve accurate detection and reading of the seven-segment digits displayed on these medical devices using an image taken in a realistic scenario by a smartphone camera. A synthetic dataset of seven-segment digits was developed in order to train and test a digit classifier. A dataset containing realistic images of blood glucose metres and blood pressure monitors using a variety of smartphone cameras was also created. The digit classifier was evaluated on a dataset of seven-segment digits manually extracted from the medical device images. These datasets along with the code for its development have been made public. The developed algorithm first preprocessed the input image using retinex with two bilateral filters and adaptive histogram equalisation. Subsequently, the digit segments were automatically located within the image by two techniques operating in parallel: Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) and connected components of a binarised image. A filtering and clustering algorithm was then designed to combine digit segments to form seven-segment digits. The resulting digits were classified using a Histogram of Orientated Gradients (HOG) feature set and a neural network trained on the synthetic digits. The model achieved 93% accuracy on digits found on the medical devices. The digit location algorithm achieved a F1 score of 0.87 and 0.80 on images of blood glucose metres and blood pressure monitors respectively. Very few assumptions were made of the locations of the digits on the devices so that the proposed algorithm can be easily implemented on new devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Finnegan
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Villarroel
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Velardo
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L Tarassenko
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Miranda-de la Lama GC, Rodríguez-Palomares M, Cruz-Monterrosa RG, Rayas-Amor AA, Pinheiro RSB, Galindo FM, Villarroel M. Long-distance transport of hair lambs: effect of location in pot-belly trailers on thermo-physiology, welfare and meat quality. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:327-336. [PMID: 28963625 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Livestock transport exposes animals to a range of potential stressors that may compromise their welfare and final product quality, and those effects typically increase with the distance travelled. In North America, producers often use pot-belly vehicles for long hauls but little is known about their suitability for transporting lambs. We followed two long-distance trips using pot-belly trailers carrying 500 lambs (each) from Northern to Central Mexico in winter, to measure possible effects on animal welfare and meat quality. Sixty lambs per trip were placed at different locations within the pot-belly trailer. Animals were equipped with iButton Thermochron® temperature devices, which registered body temperature throughout pre- and post-slaughter stages. Despite the rather cool winter conditions, lambs placed in the "belly" and "nose" compartments had higher body temperatures at loading, during transport and lairage and after slaughter (carcass temperature). Those lambs also had higher levels of plasma cortisol, glucose and creatine kinase (CK), and a higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Regarding meat quality, ultimate pH (24 h) was higher in all locations, especially in LT4 location. Overall, the results suggest a link between thermal stress during transport, elevated physiological indicators of stress and poorer meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma, State of México, Mexico.
| | - M Rodríguez-Palomares
- Department of Ethology and Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R G Cruz-Monterrosa
- Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma, State of México, Mexico
| | - A A Rayas-Amor
- Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma, State of México, Mexico
| | - R S B Pinheiro
- Department of Biology and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Galindo
- Department of Ethology and Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Santolaya ME, Alvarez AM, Acuña M, Avilés CL, Salgado C, Tordecilla J, Varas M, Venegas M, Villarroel M, Zubieta M, Toso A, Bataszew A, Farfán MJ, de la Maza V, Vergara A, Valenzuela R, Torres JP. Efficacy and safety of withholding antimicrobial treatment in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia, with a demonstrated viral respiratory infection: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:173-178. [PMID: 27856269 PMCID: PMC7129180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine efficacy and safety of withholding antimicrobials in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia (FN) with a demonstrated respiratory viral infection. METHODS Prospective, multicentre, randomized study in children presenting with FN at five hospitals in Santiago, Chile, evaluated at admission for diagnosis of bacterial and viral pathogens including PCR-microarray for 17 respiratory viruses. Children positive for a respiratory virus, negative for a bacterial pathogen and with a favourable evolution after 48 h of antimicrobial therapy were randomized to either maintain or withhold antimicrobials. Primary endpoint was percentage of episodes with uneventful resolution. Secondary endpoints were days of fever/hospitalization, bacterial infection, sepsis, admission to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and death. RESULTS A total of 319 of 951 children with FN episodes recruited between July 2012 and December 2015 had a respiratory virus as a unique identified microorganism, of which 176 were randomized, 92 to maintain antimicrobials and 84 to withdraw. Median duration of antimicrobial use was 7 days (range 7-9 days) versus 3 days (range 3-4 days), with similar frequency of uneventful resolution (89/92 (97%) and 80/84 (95%), respectively, not significant; OR 1.48; 95% CI 0.32-6.83, p 0.61), and similar number of days of fever (2 versus 1), days of hospitalization (6 versus 6) and bacterial infections throughout the episode (2%-1%), with one case of sepsis requiring admission to PICU in the group that maintained antimicrobials, without any deaths. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of antimicrobials in children with FN and respiratory viral infections, based on clinical and microbiological/molecular diagnostic criteria, should favour the adoption of evidence-based management strategies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Santolaya
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - A M Alvarez
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Acuña
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Roberto del Río, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - C L Avilés
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Salgado
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Tordecilla
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Roberto del Río, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Varas
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Venegas
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Villarroel
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Zubieta
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile; Committee of Infectious Diseases, National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs Network, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Toso
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Bataszew
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M J Farfán
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V de la Maza
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Vergara
- Centre for Molecular Studies, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Valenzuela
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J P Torres
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Bermejo-Poza R, De la Fuente J, Pérez C, Lauzurica S, González de Chávarri E, Diaz MT, Villarroel M. Reducing the effect of pre-slaughter fasting on the stress response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Anim Welf 2016. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.25.3.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pascual-Alonso M, Miranda-de la Lama GC, Aguayo-Ulloa L, Villarroel M, Mitchell M, María GA. Thermophysiological, haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:541-551. [PMID: 27079447 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the thermophysiological, haematological, biochemical and behavioural stress responses of sheep transported on road. A total of 44 Chamarita breed adult ewes were randomly allotted to one of two groups, one control group (untransported) and transported group (journey of 4 h), and blood stress indicators were measured 1 day before transport and at four time points post-transport (0, 4 and 24 h). Thermophysiological profiles of ewes were measured by temperature buttons (iButton Thermochron® ) and placed in intravaginal sponges. Direct observations, with a combination of scan and behaviour sampling, were carried out to collect information on individual behaviour and the time it took the ewes to drink water, eat and rest after returning to their pen respectively. Transported ewes lost approximately 1 kg live weight compared to controls and had higher body temperatures until 12 h post-transport. Cortisol, glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations as well as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and other physiological indicators were higher immediately after unloading in transported ewes but mostly returned to normal after 4 h, with complete recovery after 24 h. Behavioural analysis post-transport demonstrated that transported ewes chose to eat before drinking and spent less time resting than controls in the first 3 h after unloading. The study demonstrates that transportation even under short-journey conditions induced behavioural, physiological and thermophysiological responses indicative of the induction of significant stress, leading to live weight shrinkage that may jeopardize farmer's incomes. Finally, results of this study validated the use of iButton Thermochron® data loggers for monitoring the stress response during transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pascual-Alonso
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Agri-Food Science, Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Lerma Campus, Lerma, State of México, México
| | - L Aguayo-Ulloa
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mitchell
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College-SRUC, Roslin Institute, Building Midlothian, Midlothian, UK
| | - G A María
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Aguayo-Ulloa L, Pascual-Alonso M, Villarroel M, Olleta J, Miranda-de la Lama G, María G. Effect of including double bunks and straw on behaviour, stress response production performance and meat quality in feedlot lambs. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pascual-Alonso M, Miranda-de la Lama GC, Villarroel M, Alierta S, Escós J, María GA. Preferencias de espacio y patrones de comportamiento de corderos durante el cebo en corrales enriquecidos con paja. ARCH ZOOTEC 2015. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v64i246.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
El estudio analiza las preferencias de espacio y los patrones de comportamiento de corderos durante la fase de cebo en corrales enriquecidos con paja. Los corderos se dividieron en tres réplicas con 12 corderos cada una y se alojaron en corrales de 6x6m divididos parcialmente en dos zonas equivalentes una con y otra sin paja de cama. Cada corral fue grabado de manera continua entre las 8 am y las 8 pm en los días 1, 5, 7, 14, 21 y 28 de cebo. El uso de las diferentes áreas del corral y el comportamiento de los corderos fue evaluado y analizado. El uso del espacio fue significativamente más alto (p
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Aguayo-Ulloa L, Pascual-Alonso M, Campo M, Olleta J, Villarroel M, Pizarro D, Miranda-de la Lama G, María G. Effects of an enriched housing environment on sensory aspects and fatty-acid composition of the longissimus muscle of light-weight finished lambs. Meat Sci 2014; 97:490-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Miranda-de la Lama GC, Villarroel M, María GA. Livestock transport from the perspective of the pre-slaughter logistic chain: a review. Meat Sci 2014; 98:9-20. [PMID: 24824530 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New developments in livestock transport within the pre-slaughter chain are discussed in terms of three logistic nodes: origin, stopovers and slaughterhouse. Factors as transport cost, haulier, truck specifications, micro-environment conditions, loading density, route planning, vehicle accidents and journey length are discussed as well as causes of morbidity, mortality, live weight and carcass damage. Taking into account current trends towards increased transport times, logistics stopovers and mixed transport, there is a need to develop systems of evaluation and decision-making that provide tools and protocols that can minimize the biological cost to animals, which may have been underestimated in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Agri-Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Unit Lerma, State of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - M Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - G A María
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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Tarassenko L, Villarroel M, Guazzi A, Jorge J, Clifton DA, Pugh C. Non-contact video-based vital sign monitoring using ambient light and auto-regressive models. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:807-31. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/5/807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Pascual-Alonso M, María G, Sepúlveda W, Villarroel M, Aguayo-Ulloa L, Galindo F, Miranda-de la Lama G. Identity profiles based on social strategies, morphology, physiology, and cognitive abilities in goats. J Vet Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Miranda-de la Lama G, Pascual-Alonso M, Guerrero A, Alberti P, Alierta S, Sans P, Gajan J, Villarroel M, Dalmau A, Velarde A, Campo M, Galindo F, Santolaria M, Sañudo C, María G. Influence of social dominance on production, welfare and the quality of meat from beef bulls. Meat Sci 2013; 94:432-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aguayo-Ulloa L, Miranda-de la Lama G, Pascual-Alonso M, Fuchs K, Olleta J, Campo M, Alierta S, Villarroel M, María G. Effect of feeding regime during finishing on lamb welfare, production performance and meat quality. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Teixeira D, Miranda-de la Lama G, Villarroel M, Garcia-Belenguer S, Sañudo C, Maria G. Effect of straw on lamb welfare, production performance and meat quality during the finishing phase of fattening. Meat Sci 2012; 92:829-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Proudlove K, Hall R, Rieu R, Villarroel M, Stradling J. P268 Effect of CPAP Treatment For OSA on Visual Processing of Degraded Words. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Miranda‐de la Lama G, Salazar-Sotelo M, Pérez-Linares C, Figueroa-Saavedra F, Villarroel M, Sañudo C, Maria G. Effects of two transport systems on lamb welfare and meat quality. Meat Sci 2012; 92:554-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Quesada-García A, Valdehita A, Torrent F, Villarroel M, Hernando M, Navas J. Induction of detoxification processes in Oncorhynchus mykiss by trace levels of contaminants. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Margüenda I, Nicodemus N, Vadillo S, Sevilla L, García-Rebollar P, Villarroel M, Romero C, Carabaño R. Effect of dietary type and level of fibre on rabbit carcass yield and its microbiological characteristics. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Rubilar M, Villarroel M, Paillacar M, Moenne-Locóz D, Shene C, Biolley E, Acevedo F. Native black Michuñe potato variety: characterization, frying conditions and sensory evaluation. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2012; 62:87-93. [PMID: 23477213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical and nutritional composition, to establish frying processing conditions and to determine the sensory profile and acceptability of Black Michuñe (BM) potato chips. BM had a higher protein content, half the ether extract content and nitrogen-free extract, a lower caloric intake (70 kcal/100g) and amylose content (17.5%) than Desirée (DES). To set the frying conditions, the Taguchi method was applied using a matrix design L9 (3(2),2(2)). The variables studied were: temperature, time, potato variety (raw material) and pretreatment. The responses evaluated were: the color difference as well as the content of reducing sugars and total polyphenols. The best frying conditions were BM with a pretreatment at 160 degrees C for 7 min for color, DES without pretreatment at 140 degrees C for 7 min for reducing sugar content, and BM without pretreatment at 180 degrees C for 4 min for polyphenol content. Then, sensory profiles of potato chips from BM, DES and a commercial package were determined by selecting the descriptors texture, firmness, color, salty taste and oiliness. Significant differences in color and oiliness were found. Finally, the acceptability test was applied to BM potato chips where color (64%) was the only attribute not as accepted as texture (95%), salty taste (87%) and product (97.3%). This study demonstrated that BM potato chips have a satisfactory acceptability by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rubilar
- Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center, CGNA, Technology and Processes Unit, Department of Public Health, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
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Rasmussen S, Due-Hansen J, Villarroel M, Gil-Llambias F, Fehrmann R, Ávila P. Multidisciplinary determination of the phase distribution for VOX–ZrO2–SO42−–sepiolite catalysts for NH3-SCR. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Villarroel M, Rogers S, Turner C. P2-S3.11 STI-related risk behaviours and STI disparity between residents of Baltimore City and other urban cities in the USA. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Villarroel M, Garcia-Ramírez M, Corraliza L, Hernández C, Simó R. Fenofibric acid prevents retinal pigment epithelium disruption induced by interleukin-1β by suppressing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1543-53. [PMID: 21369818 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of fenofibrate on the development and progression of diabetic macular oedema (DMO) remain to be elucidated. To shed light on this issue we have explored the effect of fenofibric acid on the barrier function of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. METHODS ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE line) were cultured for 18 days under standard conditions and under conditions leading to the disruption of the monolayer (D-glucose, 25 mmol/l, with IL-1β, 10 ng/ml, added at days 16 and 17). Fenofibric acid, 25 μmol/l and 100 μmol/l, was added on the last 3 days of the experiment (one application/day). RPE cell permeability was evaluated by measuring apical-basolateral movements of FITC-dextran (40 kDa). The production of tight junction proteins and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation was assessed by western blot. Immunohistochemical studies of tight junction proteins and small interfering RNA transfection to AMPK were also performed in ARPE-19 monolayers. RESULTS Treatment of ARPE-19 cells with fenofibric acid significantly reduced the increment of permeability and the breakdown of the ARPE-19 cell monolayer induced by D-glucose, 25 mmol/l, and IL-1β, 10 ng/ml, in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was unrelated to changes in the content of tight junction proteins. Fenofibric acid prevented the activation of AMPK induced by IL-1β and the hyperpermeability induced by IL-1β was blocked by silencing AMPK. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Disruption of RPE induced by IL-1β is prevented by fenofibric acid through its ability to suppress AMPK activation. This mechanism could be involved in the beneficial effects of fenofibrate on DMO development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villarroel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Spain
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29
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Liste G, Miranda-de la Lama GC, Campo MM, Villarroel M, Muela E, María GA. Effect of lairage on lamb welfare and meat quality. Anim Prod Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/an10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study analysed the effect of lairage on some indicators of welfare and meat quality in lambs. Forty-eight lambs were divided into two treatments: T1 without lairage and T2 with 12 h of lairage. Blood samples were collected at slaughter to analyse cortisol, lactate, glucose, creatinine kinase, non-esterified fatty acid, white blood cells, red blood cells, haematocrit and ratio of neutrophil : lymphocytes. Meat from the M. longissimus was analysed in terms of pH 24 h post-mortem, water-holding capacity, texture and colour. Sensory analyses were performed by a trained panel. Lairage had a significant effect on stress response, but had no effect on haematological variables. The lambs with a lairage period before slaughter (T2) had significantly (P ≤ 0.001) lower values of cortisol at the time of slaughter. A similar result was observed for lactate and glucose, with T1 lambs showing significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher values than T2 lambs. The creatinine kinase activity and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were highest in T2 lambs (P ≤ 0.05). Instrumental and sensory meat quality were not affected, with the exception of water-holding capacity and some meat colour indicators. The water-holding capacity was significantly higher for T2 (P ≤ 0.05), while T1 lambs had a higher yellow index (P ≤ 0.05) and hue (P ≤ 0.05). The results obtained in this study suggest that animals will be less stressed at the time of slaughter with an overnight lairage compared with slaughter on arrival at the abattoir. While stress at the time of slaughter can influence meat quality, these changes were small and always within the normal commercial range.
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Rubilar M, Gutiérrez C, Villarroel M, Shene C. Influencia de las condiciones de separación sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de fracciones polifenólicas de extractos de hoja de murta Influence of separation conditions on antimicrobial activity of polyphenolic fractions from murta leaves extract. CyTA - Journal of Food 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19476330903274161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Fortes-Silva R, Martínez F, Villarroel M, Sánchez-Vázquez F. Daily rhythms of locomotor activity, feeding behavior and dietary selection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:445-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Díaz de León J, Picquart M, Villarroel M, Vrinat M, Gil Llambias F, Murrieta F, de los Reyes J. Effect of gallium as an additive in hydrodesulfurization WS2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Miranda-de la Lama G, Villarroel M, Liste G, Escós J, María G. Critical points in the pre-slaughter logistic chain of lambs in Spain that may compromise the animal's welfare. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Dinamarca MA, Ibacache-Quiroga C, Baeza P, Galvez S, Villarroel M, Olivero P, Ojeda J. Biodesulfurization of gas oil using inorganic supports biomodified with metabolically active cells immobilized by adsorption. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:2375-8. [PMID: 20034786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of Pseudomonas stutzeri using adsorption on different inorganic supports was studied in relation to the number of adsorbed cells, metabolic activity and biodesulfurization (BDS). The electrophoretic migration (EM) measurements and Tetrazolioum (TTC) method were used to evaluate adsorption and metabolic activity. Results indicate that maximal immobilization was obtained with an initial load of 14 x 10(8) cells mL(-1) for Al and Sep, whereas Ti requires 20 x 10(8) cells mL(-1). The highest interaction was observed in the P. stutzeri/Si and P. stutzeri/Sep biocatalysts. The IEP values and metabolic activities indicate that P. stutzeri change the surface of supports and maintains metabolic activity. A direct relation between BDS activity and the adsorption capacity of the bacterial cells was observed at the adsorption/desorption equilibrium level. The biomodification of inorganic supports by the adsorption process increases the bioavailability of sulphur substrates for bacterial cells, improving BDS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandro Dinamarca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Casilla 5001, Valparaíso, Chile
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Miranda-de la Lama G, Rivero L, Chacón G, Garcia-Belenguer S, Villarroel M, Maria G. Effect of the pre-slaughter logistic chain on some indicators of welfare in lambs. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sagredo V, Peña O, Torres TE, Loaiza-Gil A, Villarroel M, Cruz MDL, J B. Magnetic characterization of Fe nanoparticles dispersed in phyllosilicate type silicon oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/200/7/072082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Zambrano M, Pichún C, Alvear M, Villarroel M, Velásquez I, Baeza J, Vidal G. Green liquor dregs effect on Kraft mill secondary sludge composting. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:1028-1035. [PMID: 19819689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased Kraft pulp mill production generates increased solid wastes. In response, composting has emerged as an interesting alternative for disposal of these solid wastes. A central composite factor design was used to investigate the influence of incubation conditions (dregs addition and operation time) on chemical and biological parameters, determining the best in-vessel conditions in order to develop a correct composting design. Dregs helped reduce the pH drop that occurs at the beginning of the process. Biological activities presented high values during the active phase, followed by a decrease with stable final values along with N-NH(4)(+) and N-NO(3)(-) trend, which were indicative of mature compost. Dregs addition had not significant effect on the biological activities during composting of Kraft mill sludge. However, moderate amounts of dregs (between 5% and 8%) at operation time of 60-70 days would be the best compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zambrano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Garcia-Ramírez M, Hernández C, Villarroel M, Canals F, Alonso MA, Fortuny R, Masmiquel L, Navarro A, García-Arumí J, Simó R. Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is downregulated at early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2633-41. [PMID: 19823802 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) plays a major role in the visual cycle and is essential to the maintenance of photoreceptors. The aim of this study was to determine whether a decrease in IRBP production exists in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Vitreous samples from diabetic patients with proliferative and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, NPDR), and from non-diabetic patients with macular hole (control group) were selected for IRBP quantitative assessment by proteomic analysis (fluorescence-based difference gel electrophoresis) and western blot. Human post mortem eyes (n = 16) from diabetic donors without clinically detectable retinopathy and from non-diabetic donors (n = 16) were used to determine IRBP (also known as RBP3) mRNA levels (RT-PCR) and protein content (western blot and confocal microscopy). Retinal neurodegeneration was assessed by measuring glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and the apoptotic rate. Y79 human retinoblastoma cells were used to test the effects of glucose, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta on IRBP expression and IRBP levels. RESULTS Intravitreous IRBP concentration was significantly lower in PDR < NPDR < control in proteomic and western blot analysis. IRBP mRNA levels and IRBP protein content were significantly lower in the retinas from diabetic donors than in those from non-diabetic donors. Increased GFAP and a higher degree of apoptosis were observed in diabetic retinas compared with non-diabetic retinas. A dose-dependent downregulation of IRBP mRNA expression and IRBP content was detected with glucose, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in cultures of Y79 human retinoblastoma cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Underproduction of IRBP is an early event in the human diabetic retina and is associated with retinal neurodegeneration. The mechanisms leading to this deficit deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garcia-Ramírez
- CIBER for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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Reyes I, Villarroel M, Diez MC, Navia R. Using lignimerin (a recovered organic material from Kraft cellulose mill wastewater) as sorbent for Cu and Zn retention from aqueous solutions. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:4676-4682. [PMID: 19482471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of copper and zinc in lignimerin (an organic material mainly composed by lignin, carbohydrate fragments and some extractives) and its acid derivative (H-lignimerin), recovered from Kraft cellulose mill wastewater was examined. A Box-Behnken experiment design, used to optimize lignimerin recovery process, revealed that the type of solvent used for precipitation is a determining factor in the amount of substance obtained. Conversely, batch adsorption studies at pH 4.0 revealed that the maximum adsorption capacities, modeled by the Langmuir equation, were 666.7 and 370.4 mmol kg(-1) for Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively in lignimerin and 232.6 and 312.5 mmol kg(-1) for Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively in H-lignimerin. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) through deprotonated hydroxyl and carboxylic groups was the dominant mechanism that may explain the adsorption in both materials. The adsorption capacities indicated that lignimerin, with a molecular mass between 50 and 70 kDa, has a potential use as an organic sorbent for removing copper and zinc from liquid resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Reyes
- Magister en Ciencias de la Ingeniería mención Biotecnología, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
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Garcia JA, Villarroel M. Effect of feed type and feeding frequency on macrophage functions in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2009; 27:325-329. [PMID: 19501652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In fresh water recirculation systems the type of feed and feeding frequency have a direct effect on water quality, growth, fish welfare and the response of the immune system. Four types of feed with different sources of plant protein (soybean concentrate, sunflower meal, corn gluten and pea) were provided at two feeding frequencies (two and eight times day(-1)) to observe effects on growth, cortisol levels and innate immunity (macrophage phagocytosis and respiratory burst) on tilapia in early stages of growth (2-10 g). Growth and cortisol parameters were quite similar among the groups of tilapia fed the different diets and frequencies at the end of the feeding period. Phagocytosis and respiratory burst were also very similar with the four feed types. However, macrophages from fish fed twice day(-1) were much less efficient in clearing bacteria after 24 h than the groups fed eight times day(-1). Our results suggest that an increased feeding frequency may confer a higher resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Garcia
- Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Fac. Veterinaria, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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Miranda-de la Lama GC, Villarroel M, Olleta JL, Alierta S, Sañudo C, Maria GA. Effect of the pre-slaughter logistic chain on meat quality of lambs. Meat Sci 2009; 83:604-9. [PMID: 20416651 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 144 lambs were sampled in a 3×2×2 factorial design, testing three residence (stay) times at a pre-slaughter classification centre (0, 7, and 28days) and two seasons (summer and winter), with two replicates in each season. Meat from the longissimus dorsi was analysed in terms of pH, WHC, texture, colour (L∗a∗b∗, chroma and hue) and carcass bruising. Stay time had a significant effect (p<0.001) on meat texture, while season had a significant effect (p<0.001) on all variables analysed. Overall, stay time had less effect on meat quality than season and the interaction between treatments was not significant. Meat from lambs slaughtered in winter had some dark-cutting characteristics, with darker colour, higher ultimate pH, tougher meat and lower press juice. In conclusion, pre-slaughter classification and season are sources of stress for lambs and affect meat quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain(1)
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42
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Daw NC, Neel MD, Rao BN, Billups CA, Wu J, Jenkins JJ, Villarroel M, Luchtman-Jones L, Quintana J, Santana VM. Frontline treatment of localized osteosarcoma without methotrexate: Results of the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital OS99 trial. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10036 Background: Standard treatment of osteosarcoma includes cisplatin and high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), but both agents are associated with significant toxicity and MTX administration requires complex pharmacokinetic monitoring. In our previous OS91 trial, the combination of carboplatin and ifosfamide with doxorubicin and HD-MTX yielded outcomes comparable to those of cisplatin-based regimens with less long-term toxicity in localized osteosarcoma. Methods: Between 1999 and 2006, we conducted a multi-institutional trial (OS99) to evaluate the activity of carboplatin, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin without HD-MTX in newly-diagnosed patients with localized osteosarcoma. Treatment comprised 12 cycles of chemotherapy given every 3 weeks: 3 consecutive cycles of carboplatin (dose targeted to AUC 8 mg/ml×min on day 1) and ifosfamide (2.65 g/m2 daily for 3 days) and one cycle of doxorubicin (25 mg/m2 daily for 3 days) followed by definitive surgery (week 12) and 2 additional cycles of carboplatin/ifosfamide and 3 cycles each of ifosfamide/doxorubicin and carboplatin/doxorubicin for a total of 35 weeks. The log rank test was used to compare survival and event-free survival (EFS) distributions. Results: A total of 72 eligible patients were enrolled. The median age was 13.4 years and 41 (57%) were male. The most common tumor site was the femur (n = 46; 64%). The median follow-up for survivors was 4.4 years. Forty of the 66 (60.6%) evaluable patients had good histologic response (tumor necrosis > 90%) to preoperative chemotherapy. There was no difference in EFS or survival distributions between OS99 and OS91. Four-year estimates of EFS were 68.1 ± 6.7% for OS99 compared to 70.2 ± 6.6% for OS91 (p = 0.89). The 4-year OS was 82.4% ± 5.7% for OS99 compared to 74.5% ± 6.3 for OS91 (p = 0.25). Conclusions: OS99 produced outcomes similar to cisplatin or HD-MTX containing regimens and offers an alternative treatment regimen especially for patients with renal compromise and institutions where pharmacokinetic monitoring of MTX is not available. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. C. Daw
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - M. D. Neel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - B. N. Rao
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - C. A. Billups
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - J. Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - J. J. Jenkins
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - M. Villarroel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - L. Luchtman-Jones
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - J. Quintana
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - V. M. Santana
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Luis Calvo McKenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
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Jimenez R, Alvarez E, Alvarez G, Mosquera Y, Gaviria A, Villarroel M. P53, P21 and MDM2, H&E, in oral mucosal lesions of smokers from Sucre, Colombia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2007.08.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zambrano M, Freer J, Baeza J, Villarroel M, Vidal G. Using a second-order polynomial model to determine the optimum dregs/bark ratio for industrial-biosolid composting: the initial conditioning stage. Waste Manag Res 2007; 25:319-26. [PMID: 17874658 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x07075037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing pulp industry production has generated additional solid waste (i.e. biological sludge, dregs, etc.) and therefore an increasing disposal problem. On the other hand, composting is emerging as an interesting alternative for the disposal of residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of sludge, dregs and bark and the effect on their initial conditioning stage prior to composting, using pine chips as bulking agent. After their characterization, these solid wastes were combined in different mixture proportions defined by a 32 experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM), in which 18 observations were required for the independent variables (dregs and bark) and the C: N ratio, moisture content and pH were the dependent variables. The characterization indicated that the dregs have alkaline properties with the presence of some essential plant nutrients, such as phosphorous (0.37%), potassium (0.76%), magnesium (1.4%) and calcium (27%). The combination of the macronutrients (phosphorous: 0.39%, potassium: 0.24%, calcium: 1.7%, magnesium: 0.44%) and micronutrients such as ferrous material (0.47%) and zinc (0.12%) found in the sludge suggest a promising alternative despite the potential problem due to the high pH of the dregs. The RSM design indicated a feasible region that satisfied the optimal dregs: bark ratio of 0.25 without exceeding the addition of 12.5% dregs, due to the alkaline properties of these inorganic wastes and the quadratic influence over the C:N ratio. The experimental results indicated that the composting process of dregs, bark and sludge is technically suitable, although the use of a rapidly available C source needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zambrano
- Forest Sciences Faculty, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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Rebollar PG, Milanés A, Pereda N, Millán P, Cano P, Esquifino AI, Villarroel M, Silván G, Lorenzo PL. Oestrus synchronisation of rabbit does at early post-partum by doe–litter separation or ECG injection: Reproductive parameters and endocrine profiles. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 93:218-30. [PMID: 16165333 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inseminating rabbit does at early post-partum, in combination with early weaning, can increase prolificacy (total kits born and still born per parturition) and decrease parturition intervals. Oestrus synchronisation increases fertility and prolificacy, while decreasing the number of inseminations required for gestation. However, little is known about the effectiveness of different oestrus synchronisation methods at early post-partum. In this study, does (n = 138) were artificially inseminated nine times (over a period of 1 year, kits weaned at 25 days), on day 4 post-partum after separation from the litter (for 48 or 24 h) or 48 h after 25 UI eCG injection. Plasma levels of prolactin and estradiol were also evaluated in a subsample of 12 multiparous lactating does per treatment, on days 2, 3 and 4 post-partum. The three treatments increased overall fertility of multiparous females compared to controls (which were not synchronised), but there were no differences among treatments in total kits born or stillborn. Does treated with eCG had a higher culling rate. The interval between parturitions and the number of inseminations required for gestation tended to decrease with increasing number of inseminations. In lactating does, there was an interaction between treatment and insemination order. Fertility decreased with increasing inseminations in eCG does but tended to increase above control values in the separated does until the fourth insemination. Control lactating does had significantly less kits per parturition compared to treatments, but eCG lactating does had more stillborn kits. Oestradiol levels increased on day 4 post-partum in all synchronised lactating does (and immediately before artificial insemination in 48 h doe-litter separation), so ovarian activity could be stimulated at early post-partum using all treatments. However, the increase could not be explained by prolactin levels, since there were no effects of suckling absence on plasma prolactin in separated does. In conclusion, separating does from the litter before insemination can be just as effective as eCG treatment, especially during for the first four inseminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Rebollar
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Marı́a G, Buil T, Liste G, Villarroel M, Sañudo C, Olleta J. Effects of transport time and season on aspects of rabbit meat quality. Meat Sci 2006; 72:773-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liste G, María GA, Buil T, García-Belenguer S, Chacón G, Olleta JL, Sañudo C, Villarroel M. Journey length and high temperatures: effects on rabbit welfare and meat quality. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 113:59-64. [PMID: 16555485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The transport of domestic animals by road can increase levels of stress and decrease meat quality, especially in unfavourable climates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of journey duration and vertical position on the transport truck on some physiological indicators of stress and on instrumental meat quality parameters in commercial rabbits. In the summer months (June and July, 2003), 78 rabbits were subjected to either long (7 h) (LJ) or short (1 h) (SJ) journeys (3 replicates each, n = 6) between the farm and an abattoir in northern Spain. The position (top, middle, or bottom) occupied by the rabbits on the Multi-Floor cage Rolling Stand (MFRS) of the transport truck was recorded. Blood samples were collected at sticking and meat pH was measured at 24 h post-mortem (pH24). At 48 h post-mortem, samples of the M. longissimus dorsi were used to determine water-holding capacity (WHC) and instrumental tenderness using an INSTRON machine. The levels of corticosterone, glucose, lactate, and creatine kinase were slightly higher in LJ than in SJ samples, but the difference was not statistically significant (p < or = 0.10). Independent of journey length, rabbits in the middle and bottom of the MFRS showed higher levels (p < or = 0.05) of glucose and creatine kinase (middle), and corticosterone (bottom) than the rabbits located at the top floor. The pH 24 and WHC values of the SJ and LJ rabbits did not differ significantly. Journey length had a significant effect (p < or = 0.01) on meat tenderness. The meat from rabbits subjected to LJ had higher values of maximum stress and total toughness than did the SJ rabbits (p < or = 0.05). There were similar differences (p < or = 0.05) between LJ and SJ rabbits in their stress values of compression at 20% and 40% (measures of the tenderness of raw meat). In hot weather, the position on the transport truck appeared to have a greater effect on rabbit welfare than the duration of the journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liste
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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48
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Chacon G, Garcia-Belenguer S, Villarroel M, Maria GA. Effect of transport stress on physiological responses of male bovines. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2005; 112:465-9. [PMID: 16425633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Forty-eight slaughter bulls were transported by road in groups of eight for approximately 30 min, 3 h and 6 h in two replicates. Animal welfare during the transport process was assessed. Loadings and unloadings were evaluated with a scoring method. Heart rates were monitored at the farm before loading and during all stages of transport. Blood samples were taken from all animals a week before transport and at sticking and analysed in terms of haematological values: hematocrit, haemoglobin, red and white blood cells (RBC and WBC), differential WBC counts and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. Glucose, creatine kinase, lactate and cortisol were also determined. To evaluate differences in meat quality, pH and water-holding capacity (WHC) were measured 24 h after slaughter. The loading and unloading scores were very low (low stress) but were associated with changes in heart rate, especially loading. Animals recovered their resting heart rate during the journey in medium and long transports. On the other hand, animals transported around 30 min maintained an elevated heart rate during the whole journey. All animals showed a stress response with significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of erythrocyte series, N:L ratio, glucose and lactate. Animals transported for 3 and 6 hours had significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of cortisol than controls or 30 min transports, without differences between control and the shortest journey. Different transport times did not influence meat quality. Under good conditions, the transport had a slight effect on welfare, meat quality or physiological parameters related with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chacon
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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49
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Abstract
The loading and unloading of cattle for road transport is stressful but the stress is difficult to evaluate in terms of the welfare of the cattle. Over one year, 40 normal commercial journeys in northern Spain were analysed in terms of time limits and behavioural events in order to design an objective method for assessing the stresses imposed on the animals, and a scoring method was developed for assessing the welfare of the animals during loading and unloading. Several definitions of time intervals were assessed to calculate a time score per animal, and easily observable behavioural events were scored and combined with the time score to obtain a total loading/unloading score. More than half of the loadings and unloadings involved turns, slips and vocalisations. Mounts and bouts of fighting were infrequent and balks and falls were significantly more frequent during loading than unloading. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose and lactate, the activity of creatine kinase and the pH of the meat 24 hours after the animals were slaughtered were also measured. The results indicated that loading was more stressful than unloading and that higher scores implied significantly higher levels of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A María
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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50
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Marı́a G, Villarroel M, Sañudo C, Olleta J, Gebresenbet G. Effect of transport time and ageing on aspects of beef quality. Meat Sci 2003; 65:1335-40. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(03)00054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2002] [Revised: 12/07/2002] [Accepted: 02/07/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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