1
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Waykar TR, Mandlik SK, Mandlik DS. Sirtuins: exploring next-gen therapeutics in the pathogenesis osteoporosis and associated diseases. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:277-301. [PMID: 38318808 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2315418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis poses a substantial public health challenge due to an ageing population and the lack of adequate treatment options. The condition is marked by a reduction in bone mineral density, resulting in an elevated risk of fractures. The reduction in bone density and strength, as well as musculoskeletal issues that come with aging, present a significant challenge for individuals impacted by these conditions, as well as the healthcare system worldwide. METHODS Literature survey was conducted until May 2023 using databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. RESULT Sirtuins 1-7 (SIRT1-SIRT7), which are a group of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, possess remarkable capabilities to increase lifespan and combat diseases related to aging. Research has demonstrated that these proteins play an important role in regular skeletal development and maintenance by directly impacting bone cells. Their dysfunction could be a factor in various bone conditions. Studies conducted on animals before clinical trials have shown that administering Sirtuins agonists to mice provides a safeguard against osteoporosis resulting from aging, menopause, and immobilization. These findings imply that Sirtuins may be a viable target for addressing the irregularity in bone remodeling and treating osteoporosis and other skeletal ailments. CONCLUSION The purpose of this review was to present a thorough and current evaluation of the existing knowledge on Sirtuins biology, with a particular emphasis on their involvement in maintaining bone homeostasis and contributing to osteoporosis. Additionally, the review examines potential pharmacological interventions targeting Sirtuins for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal R Waykar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Deepa S Mandlik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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2
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Jiménez AG, Paul KD, Benson M, Lalwani S, Cipolli W. Cellular metabolic pathways of aging in dogs: could p53 and SIRT1 be at play? GeroScience 2024; 46:1895-1908. [PMID: 37768524 PMCID: PMC10828300 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer seem to be closely associated, such that cancer is generally considered a disease of the elderly in both humans and dogs. Additionally, cancer is a metabolic shift in itself towards aerobic glycolysis. Larger dog breeds with shorter lifespans, and increased glycolytic cellular metabolic rates, die of cancer more often than smaller breeds. The tumor suppressor p53 factor is a key suppressor oncogene, and the p53 pathway arrests cellular proliferation and prevents DNA mutations from accumulating during cellular stress. The p53 pathway is also associated with the control of cellular metabolism to prevent cellular metabolic shifts common to cancerous phenotypes. SIRT1 deacetylates the p53 tumor suppressor protein, downregulating p53 via effects on stability and activity during stress. Here, we used primary fibroblast cells from small and large puppies and old dogs. Using UV radiation to upregulate the p53 system (100 J/m2), control cells and UV-treated cells were used to measure aerobic and glycolytic metabolic rates using a Seahorse XFe96 oxygen flux analyzer. We also quantified p53 expression and SIRT1 concentration in canine primary fibroblasts before and after UV treatment. We demonstrate that, due to a higher p53 nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio in large breed dogs after UV treatment, p53 could have a more regulatory effect on large breed dogs' metabolism compared with smaller breeds. Thus, there may be a link between p53 upregulation and inhibition of glycolysis in large breed dogs during times of cellular stress compared with small breed dogs. However, SIRT1 concentrations decrease with age in domestic dogs of both size classes, suggesting a possible release of inhibition of p53 through the SIRT1 pathway with age. This may lead to increased incidences of cancer, especially due to the more pronounced upregulation of p53 with cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Jiménez
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA.
| | - Kailey D Paul
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Mitchel Benson
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Sahil Lalwani
- Stanford Law School, Crown Quadrangle, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William Cipolli
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr., Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
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3
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Kujawowicz K, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM. Sirtuin 1 as a potential biomarker of undernutrition in the elderly: a narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37229564 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2214208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition and inflammatory processes are predictors of early mortality in the elderly and require a rapid and accurate diagnosis. Currently, there are laboratory markers for assessing nutritional status, but new markers are still being sought. Recent studies suggest that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has the potential to be a marker for undernutrition. This article summarizes available studies on the association of SIRT1 and undernutrition in older people. Possible associations between SIRT1 and the aging process, inflammation, and undernutrition in the elderly have been described. The literature suggests that low SIRT1 levels in the blood of older people may not be associated with physiological aging processes, but with an increased risk of severe undernutrition associated with inflammation and systemic metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kujawowicz
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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4
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Ran D, Zhou D, Liu G, Ma Y, Ali W, Yu R, Wang Q, Zhao H, Zhu J, Zou H, Liu Z. Reactive Oxygen Species Control Osteoblast Apoptosis through SIRT1/PGC-1α/P53 Lys382 Signaling, Mediating the Onset of Cd-Induced Osteoporosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37023393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis is a feature of bone metabolic disease. Cadmium (Cd) exposure causes human bone loss and osteoporosis (OP) through bioaccumulation of the food chain. However, the impact of Cd on bone tissues and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well-characterized. In the current study, we found that the Cd concentration in bone tissues of OP patients was higher than normal subjects; meanwhile, the nuclear silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1) protein expression level was significantly decreased, which is a new star molecule to treat OP. It is further revealed that SIRT1 activation markedly reprograms bone metabolic and stress-response pathways that incline with osteoblast (OB) apoptosis. Suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) release with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) abolished Cd-induced reduction of SIRT1 protein, deacetylation of P53, OB apoptosis, and attenuated OP. Conversely, overexpression of SIRT1 suppressed Cd-induced ROS release. SIRT1 overexpression in vivo and in vitro dampened PGC-1α protein, acetylation of P53 at lysine 382, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. These results reveal that ROS/SIRT1 controls P53 acetylation and coordinates OB apoptosis involved in the onset of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Waseem Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
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5
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Jiang S, Zhang C, Lu Y, Yuan F. Mechanical stress-caused chondrocyte dysfunction and cartilage injury can be attenuated by dioscin via activating sirtuin1/forkhead box O1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23212. [PMID: 36106352 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (Sirt1)/forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) axis has been reported as a crucial regulator involved in chondral homeostasis of healthy or osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. In our study, the aim is to investigate whether dioscin functions as an activator of Sirt1/FoxO1 to protect against mechanical stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction in vitro and in vivo models. HERB and PubChem databases were implemented to predict dioscin-related gene targets. Cell and mouse models of OA were established to determine the pharmacological value of dioscin, a steroidal saponin. Cartilage loss in the knee joint was detected by Safranin O staining. Phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of FoxO1 was observed in mechanical stress-stimulated chondrocyte and anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced cartilage injury. However, dioscin treatment repressed FoxO1 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic transfer and elevated Sirt1 protein expression. Dioscin treatment reversed mechanical stress-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of chondrocytes and improved cartilage degradation and bone loss in the epiphysis of the distal femur. Moreover, dioscin could maintain the normal phenotype of chondrocytes via mediating multiple gene expressions. Dioscin inhibited apoptosis and metabolic disorders in OA-like chondrocytes via maintaining the transcriptional activity of FoxO1 and enhancing Sirt1 expression. Dioscin might be a potential Sirt1 activator providing a novel therapeutic schedule for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Pan Z, Dong H, Huang N, Fang J. Oxidative stress and inflammation regulation of sirtuins: New insights into common oral diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:953078. [PMID: 36060706 PMCID: PMC9437461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.953078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent histone deacetylases, comprising seven members SIRT1-SIRT7. Sirtuins have been extensively studied in regulating ageing and age-related diseases. Sirtuins are also pivotal modulators in oxidative stress and inflammation, as they can regulate the expression and activation of downstream transcriptional factors (such as Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3a), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)) as well as antioxidant enzymes, through epigenetic modification and post-translational modification. Most importantly, studies have shown that aberrant sirtuins are involved in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory oral diseases, and oral cancer. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the regulatory patterns of sirtuins at multiple levels, and the essential roles of sirtuins in regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone metabolism. We summarize the involvement of sirtuins in several oral diseases such as periodontitis, apical periodontitis, pulpitis, oral candidiasis, oral herpesvirus infections, dental fluorosis, and oral cancer. At last, we discuss the potential utilization of sirtuins as therapeutic targets in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Fang,
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7
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Tozzi R, Masi D, Cipriani F, Contini S, Gangitano E, Spoltore ME, Barchetta I, Basciani S, Watanabe M, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Lubrano C, Gnessi L, Mariani S. Circulating SIRT1 and Sclerostin Correlates with Bone Status in Young Women with Different Degrees of Adiposity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050983. [PMID: 35267956 PMCID: PMC8912833 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and sclerostin play important roles in adipose tissue and bone metabolism. We evaluated the circulating SIRT1 and sclerostin relationship with mass and quality of bone while considering the degree of adiposity. Sixty-six premenopausal women (16 underweight, 25 normal weight and 25 with obesity), aged <50 years, were enrolled. Plasma SIRT1, sclerostin and DXA body composition (total fat mass (FM), abdominal visceral adipose tissue, lean mass, trabecular bone score (TBS) and lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD)) were assessed. The patients with obesity showed the lowest SIRT1 and TBS values and the highest sclerostin concentrations; BMD increased with FM and BMI and had an inverse association with SIRT1. Sclerostin was negatively correlated with SIRT1 (ρ = −0.37, p = 0.002). When spine BMD, FN BMD and TBS were standardized for BMI, a positive correlation with SIRT1 and a negative correlation with sclerostin were seen (p < 0.005). In the regression analysis, sclerostin was the best independent, negative predictor for BMD and TBS, while SIRT1 directly predicted TBS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, blood measurement of SIRT1 and sclerostin could represent a snapshot of the bone status that, taking into account the degree of adiposity, may reduce the interference of confounding factors in the interpretation of bone health parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Masi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Fiammetta Cipriani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Savina Contini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Elena Gangitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Maria Elena Spoltore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Sabrina Basciani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Stefania Mariani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (F.C.); (S.C.); (E.G.); (M.E.S.); (I.B.); (S.B.); (M.W.); (C.L.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06499-70721; Fax: +39-06446-1450
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8
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Khawar MB, Sohail AM, Li W. SIRT1: A Key Player in Male Reproduction. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020318. [PMID: 35207605 PMCID: PMC8880319 DOI: 10.3390/life12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is the way to immortality for an individual, and it is essential to the continuation of the species. Sirtuins are involved in cellular homeostasis, energy metabolism, apoptosis, age-related problems, and sexual reproduction. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) belongs to the sirtuin family of deacetylases, and it is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase. It removes the acetyl group from a variety of substrates. SIRT1 regulates endocrine/metabolic, reproductive, and placental development by deacetylating histone, different transcription factors, and signal transduction molecules in a variety of cellular processes. It also plays a very important role in the synthesis and secretion of sex hormones via regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Moreover, SIRT1 participates in several key stages of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. The current review will give a thorough overview of SIRT1’s functions in male reproductive processes, thus paving the way for more research on restorative techniques and their uses in reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Abdullah Muhammad Sohail
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54782, Pakistan
| | - Wei Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zheng M, Tan J, Liu X, Jin F, Lai R, Wang X. miR-146a-5p targets Sirt1 to regulate bone mass. Bone Rep 2021; 14:101013. [PMID: 33855130 PMCID: PMC8024884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to serve as key post-transcriptional regulators, affecting diverse biological processes including osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. Recently, it has been reported that miR-146a-5p affects the activity of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, the target genes of miR-146a-5p in these procedures remain unknown. Here we identify miR-146a-5p as a critical suppressor of osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. We found that miR-146a-5p knockout mice exhibit elevated bone formation and enhanced bone mass in vivo. Consistently, we also found that miR-146a-5p inhibited the osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Importantly, we further demonstrated that miR-146a-5p directly targeted Sirt1 to inhibit osteoblast activity. Additionally, we showed that the expression of miR-146a-5p gradually increased in femurs with age not only in female mice but also in female patients, and miR-146a-5p deletion protected female mice from age-induced bone loss. These data suggested that miR-146a-5p has a crucial role in suppressing the bone formation and that inhibition of miR-146a-5p may be a strategy for ameliorating osteoporosis. MiR-146a-5p inhibits osteoblast activity by targeting Sirt1. MiR-146a-5p deletion ameliorates age-induced bone loss in mice. MiR-146a-5p expression was increased in bone specimens from older females. MiR-146a-5p was a potential target for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zheng
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Junlong Tan
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Renfa Lai
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangdong 510632, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100000, China
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10
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Estienne A, Bongrani A, Ramé C, Kurowska P, Błaszczyk K, Rak A, Ducluzeau PH, Froment P, Dupont J. Energy sensors and reproductive hypothalamo-pituitary ovarian axis (HPO) in female mammals: Role of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111113. [PMID: 33301839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In female, energy metabolism influences reproductive function by modulating the Hypothalamic Pituitary Ovarian axis including the hypothalamic GnRH neuronal network, the pituitary gonadotropin secretion and the ovarian follicle growth and steroidogenesis. Several hormones and neuropeptides or metabolites are important signals between energy balance and reproduction. These energy sensors mediate their action on reproductive cells through specific kinases or signaling pathways. This review focuses on the role of three main enzymes-specifically, mTOR, AMPK, and SIRT1 at the hypothalamic pituitary and ovarian axis in normal female fertility and then we discuss their possible involvement in some women reproductive disorders known to be associated with metabolic complications, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure (POF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alice Bongrani
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Błaszczyk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37041, Tours, France; IFCE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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11
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Li Q, Cheng JC, Jiang Q, Lee WY. Role of sirtuins in bone biology: Potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13301. [PMID: 33393735 PMCID: PMC7884050 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in bone mass and bone strength and musculoskeletal problems associated with aging constitute a major challenge for affected individuals and the healthcare system globally. Sirtuins 1-7 (SIRT1-SIRT7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases with remarkable abilities to promote longevity and counteract age-related diseases. Sirtuin knockout and transgenic models have provided novel insights into the function and signaling of these proteins in bone homeostasis. Studies have revealed that sirtuins play a critical role in normal skeletal development and homeostasis through their direct action on bone cells and that their dysregulation might contribute to different bone diseases. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that mice treated with sirtuin agonists show protection against age-related, postmenopausal, and immobilization-induced osteoporosis. These findings suggest that sirtuins could be potential targets for the modulation of the imbalance in bone remodeling and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive updated review of the current knowledge on sirtuin biology, focusing specifically on their roles in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis, and potential pharmacological interventions targeting sirtuins for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Li
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jack Chun‐yiu Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive SurgeryDrum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wayne Yuk‐wai Lee
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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12
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Wang JS, Yoon SH, Wein MN. Role of histone deacetylases in bone development and skeletal disorders. Bone 2021; 143:115606. [PMID: 32829038 PMCID: PMC7770092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone cells must constantly respond to hormonal and mechanical cues to change gene expression programs. Of the myriad of epigenomic mechanisms used by cells to dynamically alter cell type-specific gene expression, histone acetylation and deacetylation has received intense focus over the past two decades. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) represent a large family of proteins with a conserved deacetylase domain first described to deacetylate lysine residues on histone tails. It is now appreciated that multiple classes of HDACs exist, some of which are clearly misnamed in that acetylated lysine residues on histone tails is not the major function of their deacetylase domain. Here, we will review the roles of proteins bearing deacetylase domains in bone cells, focusing on current genetic evidence for each individual HDAC gene. While class I HDACs are nuclear proteins whose primary role is to deacetylate histones, class IIa and class III HDACs serve other important cellular functions. Detailed knowledge of the roles of individual HDACs in bone development and remodeling will set the stage for future efforts to specifically target individual HDAC family members in the treatment of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Yang G, Collins JM, Rafiee R, Singh S, Langaee T, McDonough CW, Holliday LS, Wang D, Lamba JK, Kim YS, Pelliccioni GA, Vaszilko M, Kosa JP, Balla B, Lakatos PA, Katz J, Moreb J, Gong Y. SIRT1 Gene SNP rs932658 Is Associated With Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:347-356. [PMID: 32967053 PMCID: PMC8733933 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but serious adverse drug reaction. Our previous whole-exome sequencing study found SIRT1 intronic region single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7896005 to be associated with MRONJ in cancer patients treated with intravenous (iv) bisphosphonates (BPs). This study aimed to identify causal variants for this association. In silico analyses identified three SNPs (rs3758391, rs932658, and rs2394443) in the SIRT1 promoter region that are in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with rs7896005. To validate the association between these SNPs and MRONJ, we genotyped these three SNPs on the germline DNA from 104 cancer patients of European ancestry treated with iv BPs (46 cases and 58 controls). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the minor alleles of these three SNPs were associated with lower odds for MRONJ. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) and p values were 0.351 (0.164-0.751; p = 0.007) for rs3758391, 0.351 (0.164-0.751; p = 0.007) for rs932658, and 0.331 (0.157-0.697; p = 0.0036) for rs2394443, respectively. In the reporter gene assays, constructs containing rs932658 with variant allele A had higher luciferase activity than the reference allele, whereas constructs containing SNP rs3758391 and/or rs2394443 did not significantly affect activity. These results indicate that the promoter SNP rs932658 regulates the expression of SIRT1 and presumably lowers the risk of MRONJ by increasing SIRT1 expression. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph M Collins
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roya Rafiee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L Shannon Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Danxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jatinder K Lamba
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Young Sick Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gian Andrea Pelliccioni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Dentistry-Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mihaly Vaszilko
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University Dental School, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos P Kosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Balla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter A Lakatos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joseph Katz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jan Moreb
- Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center, Hematology, Transplantation, and Cellular Therapy Division, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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14
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Sirt1 Activity in the Brain: Simultaneous Effects on Energy Homeostasis and Reproduction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031243. [PMID: 33573212 PMCID: PMC7908627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diet deeply impacts brain functions like synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes, neuroendocrine functions, reproduction and behaviour, with detrimental or protective effects on neuronal physiology and therefore consequences for health. In this respect, the activity of metabolic sensors within the brain is critical for the maintenance of health status and represents a possible therapeutic target for some diseases. This review summarizes the main activity of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), a metabolic sensor within the brain with a focus on the link between the central control of energy homeostasis and reproduction. The possible modulation of Sirt1 by natural phytochemical compounds like polyphenols is also discussed.
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15
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Chen Y, Zhou F, Liu H, Li J, Che H, Shen J, Luo E. SIRT1, a promising regulator of bone homeostasis. Life Sci 2021; 269:119041. [PMID: 33453243 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, epigenetically regulates various cell metabolisms, including inflammation, tumorigenesis, and bone metabolism. Many clinical studies have found the potential of SIRT1 in predicting and treating bone-related disorders, such as osteoporosis and osteonecrosis, suggesting that SIRT1 might be a regulator of bone homeostasis. In order to identify the mechanisms that underlie the pivotal role of SIRT1 in bone homeostasis, many studies revealed that SIRT1 could maintain the balance between bone formation and absorption via regulating the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts. SIRT1 controls the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone marrow-derived macrophages, increasing osteogenesis and reducing osteoclastogenesis. Besides, SIRT1 can enhance bone-forming cells' viability, including MSCs and osteoblasts under adverse conditions by resisting senescence, suppressing apoptosis, and promoting autophagy in favor of osteogenesis. Furthermore, the effect on bone vasculature homeostasis enables SIRT1 to become a valuable strategy for ischemic osteonecrosis and senile osteoporosis. The review systemically discusses SIRT1 pathways and the critical role in bone homeostasis and assesses whether SIRT1 is a potential target for manipulation and therapy, to lay a solid foundation for further researches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huiling Che
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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16
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Shtaif B, Bar-Maisels M, Gabet Y, Hiram-Bab S, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Phillip M, Gat-Yablonski G. Cartilage -specific knockout of Sirt1 significantly reduces bone quality and catch-up growth efficiency. Bone 2020; 138:115468. [PMID: 32512163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous catch-up (CU) growth occurs when a growth-restricting factor is resolved. However, its efficiency is sometimes inadequate and growth deficits remain permanent. The therapeutic toolbox for short stature is currently very limited, thus, finding new regulatory pathways is important for the development of novel means of treatment. Our previous studies using a nutrition-induced CU growth model showed that the level of sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) was significantly increased in food-restricted animals and decreased during CU growth. AIM This study sought to investigate the role of Sirt1 in modulating the response of the epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) to nutritional manipulation. METHOD Collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice were tested for response to our CU growth model consisting of a period of food restriction followed by re-feeding. RESULTS The transgenic CKO mice weighed more than the control (CTL) mice, their EGP was higher and less organized, specifically at the resting and proliferative zones, leading to shorter bones. Ablation of Sirt1 in the chondrocytes was found to have a dramatic effect on bone mineralization on micro-CT analysis. The CKO mice were less responsive to the nutritional manipulation, and their CU growth was less efficient. They remained shorter than the CTL mice who corrected the food restriction-induced growth deficit during the re-feeding period. CONCLUSIONS Sirt1 appears to be important for normal regulation of the EGP. In its absence, the EGP is less organized and CU growth is less efficient. These results suggest that SIRT1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biana Shtaif
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Meytal Bar-Maisels
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Moshe Phillip
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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17
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Activation of Sirtuin1 by lyceum barbarum polysaccharides in protection against diabetic cataract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113165. [PMID: 32730875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) extracted from the Lycium barbarum L. has been widely used to improve diabetes and its relative complications. However, the mechanisms have not fully understood. A recent study has demonstrated that LBP upregulates suituin 1 (SIRT1). OBJECTIVE This study was to define the role of Sirt1 and its downstream signaling pathways in diabetic cataract using in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 cells were cultured under high glucose (HG) medium with treatment of LBP or vehicle. Cell viability, apoptosis, protein and/or mRNA levels of Sirt1, BAX, Bcl-2, active-caspase-3, FOXO1, p27 and acetylated p53 were measured. SIRT1 upregulated- and knocked-down cells were generated and tested in high glucose culture. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin injection. Body weight, blood glucose levels, lens transparency and retinal function were assessed and SIRT1, as well as the aforementioned biomarkers were measured using Western blotting and qPCR in the animal lens samples. RESULTS The results showed that HG decreased cell viability and LBP prevented the decrease. The reduced viability in HG cultured SRA01/04 cells was associated with increased levels of BAX, active caspase 3, FOXO1, p27, and p53 and decreased levels of SIRT1 and Bcl-2. Further experiments using sirt1 gene modulated cells showed that upregulation of Sirt1 improved viability, increase cell division as reflected by an increased proportion of S phase in the cell cycle, reduced the number of apoptotic cell death and suppressed p53 acetylation and caspase 3 activation. Opposite results were observed in SIRT1 knock-down cells. Treating diabetic animals with LBP reduced body weight loss and blood glucose content in diabetic animals. Similarly, LBP hindered the development of cataract in lenses and improved retinal function. The beneficial effect of LBP on diabetic cataract was associated with the supression of p53, caspase 3, FOXO1, BAX, p27 and elevation of SIRT1 and Bcl-2, which were consistent with the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that diabetes caused cataract is associated with suppression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and activation of other cell death related genes. LBP prevented diabetic cataract in animals by upregulating Sirt1 and Bcl-2 and suppressing cell death related genes.
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Ziman B, Karabinis P, Barghouth P, Oviedo NJ. Sirtuin-1 regulates organismal growth by altering feeding behavior and intestinal morphology in planarians. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239467. [PMID: 32265271 PMCID: PMC7272345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability upon feeding leads to an increase in body size in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea However, it remains unclear how food consumption integrates with cell division at the organismal level. Here, we show that the NAD-dependent protein deacetylases sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved in planarians, and specifically demonstrate that the homolog of human sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) (encoded by Smed-Sirt-1), regulates organismal growth by impairing both feeding behavior and intestinal morphology. Disruption of Smed-Sirt-1 with RNAi or pharmacological inhibition of Sirtuin-1 leads to reduced animal growth. Conversely, enhancement of Sirtuin-1 activity with resveratrol accelerates growth. Differences in growth rates were associated with changes in the amount of time taken to locate food and overall food consumption. Furthermore, Smed-Sirt-1(RNAi) animals displayed reduced cell death and increased stem cell proliferation accompanied by impaired expression of intestinal lineage progenitors and reduced branching of the gut. Taken together, our findings indicate that Sirtuin-1 is a crucial metabolic hub capable of controlling animal behavior, tissue renewal and morphogenesis of the adult intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ziman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Peter Karabinis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Paul Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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Ma Q, Kuang J, Liu X, Li A, Feng W, Zhuang Z. Effects of osmotic stress on Na +/K +-ATPase, caspase 3/7 activity, and the expression profiling of sirt1, hsf1, and hsp70 in the roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:135-144. [PMID: 31624991 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Osmoregulation mechanism underlying acclimation of migratory fish to different salinities has been a classical research topic for decades. In this study, the roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus) were subjected to two different acute osmotic treatments (one extreme acute and one acute treatment, i.e., E-acute and acute group). Comparisons of branchial enzyme activity, as well as the time-course expression profiling of sirt1, hsf1, and hsp70 were performed to reveal changes at the physiological and molecular levels. As a result, the branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity was significantly inhibited and the caspase 3/7 relating to apoptosis was significantly induced in the E-acute group; no significant difference of branchial enzyme activity was detected in the acute group. These results suggested that T. fasciatus could keep stable physiological levels when experiencing the acute salinity change but not under extreme osmotic stress. Significant variations of sirt1, hsf1, and hsp70 expression were determined in the four target tissues (gill, intestine, kidney, and liver). Similar profiling was detected between the time-course expression of sirt1 and hsf1, suggesting their association in the osmoregulation process. Tissue-specific gene expression patterns in all the three target genes showed that each tissue possesses its own gene expression pattern in response to salinity changes. The overall different expression profiling of sirt1, hsf1, and hsp70 under the extreme acute and acute osmotic treatments might respectively represent the molecular regulation of stress response and acclimation. The findings make it possible to provide more reliable data to decipher the mechanism of osmoregulation in migratory fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - JieHua Kuang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xinfu Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ang Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenrong Feng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhuang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Abstract
The sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases promotes longevity and counteracts age-related diseases. One of the major targets of Sirtuins are the FoxO family of transcription factors. FoxOs play a major role in the adaptation of cells to a variety of stressors such as oxidative stress and growth factor deprivation. Studies with murine models of cell-specific loss- or gain-of-function of Sirtuins or FoxOs and with Sirtuin1 stimulators have provided novel insights into the function and signaling of these proteins on the skeleton. These studies have revealed that both Sirtuins and FoxOs acting directly in cartilage and bone cells are critical for normal skeletal development, homeostasis and that their dysregulation might contribute to skeletal disease. Deacetylation of FoxOs by Sirt1 in osteoblasts and osteoclasts stimulates bone formation and inhibits bone resorption, making Sirt1 ligands promising therapeutic agents for diseases of low bone mass. While a similar link has not been established in chondrocytes, Sirt1 and FoxOs both have chondroprotective actions, suggesting that Sirt1 activators may have similar efficacy in preventing cartilage degeneration due to aging or injury. In this review we summarize these advances and discuss their implications for the pathogenesis of age-related osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Almeida
- Department of Medicine, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Ryan M Porter
- Department of Medicine, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Zainabadi K. Drugs targeting SIRT1, a new generation of therapeutics for osteoporosis and other bone related disorders? Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:97-105. [PMID: 30862606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With an aging population and limited treatment options, osteoporosis currently represents a significant public health challenge. Recent animal studies indicate that longevity-associated SIRT1 may serve as an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone related disorders. Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that mice treated with SIRT1 agonists show protection against age-related, post-menopausal, and disuse models of osteoporosis. Conversely, SIRT1 knockout models display low bone mass phenotypes associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. This review summarizes recent animal and human experimental data showing that pharmacological activation of SIRT1 may act in a manner that current treatments do not, namely by treating the imbalance in bone remodeling that is the root cause of osteoporosis and other bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Zainabadi
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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22
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Allas L, Boumédiene K, Baugé C. Epigenetic dynamic during endochondral ossification and articular cartilage development. Bone 2019; 120:523-532. [PMID: 30296494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Within the last decade epigenetics has emerged as fundamental regulator of numerous cellular processes, including those orchestrating embryonic and fetal development. As such, epigenetic factors play especially crucial roles in endochondral ossification, the process by which bone tissue is created, as well during articular cartilage formation. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries that characterize how DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNA (e.g., miRNA and lcnRNA) epigenetically regulate endochondral ossification and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyess Allas
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA7451 BioConnecT, Caen, France
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Kang X, Yang W, Wang R, Xie T, Li H, Feng D, Jin X, Sun H, Wu S. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) stimulates growth-plate chondrogenesis by attenuating the PERK-eIF-2α-CHOP pathway in the unfolded protein response. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8614-8625. [PMID: 29653943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) has emerged as an important regulator of chondrogenesis and cartilage homeostasis, processes that are important for physiological skeletal growth and that are dysregulated in osteoarthritis. However, the functional role and underlying mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates chondrogenesis remain unclear. Using cultured rat metatarsal bones and chondrocytes isolated from rat metatarsal rudiments, here we studied the effects of the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 or of SIRT1 siRNA on chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis. We show that EX527 or SIRT1 siRNA inhibits chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy and induces apoptosis. We also observed that SIRT1 inhibition mainly induces the PERK-eIF-2α-CHOP axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in growth-plate chondrocytes. Of note, EX527- or SIRT1 siRNA-mediated inhibition of metatarsal growth and growth-plate chondrogenesis were partly neutralized by phenylbutyric acid, a chemical chaperone that attenuates ER stress. Moreover, EX527-mediated impairment of chondrocyte function (i.e. of chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and apoptosis) was partly reversed in CHOP-/- cells. We also present evidence that SIRT1 physically interacts with and deacetylates PERK. Collectively, our findings indicate that SIRT1 deacetylates PERK and attenuates the PERK-eIF-2α-CHOP axis of the unfolded protein response pathway and thereby promotes growth-plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Yang
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tianping Xie
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Huixia Li
- the Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China, and
| | - Dongxu Feng
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.,the Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- the Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China, and
| | - Shufang Wu
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China,
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Yamamoto M, Takahashi Y. The Essential Role of SIRT1 in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:605. [PMID: 30405528 PMCID: PMC6205959 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocrine system plays an essential role in the physiological adaptation to malnutrition. The adaptive response of various hormones directs the energy utilization toward the survival functions and away from growth and reproduction. Particularly, the hypothalamic pituitary axis plays an integral and a central role in the regulation of endocrine organs. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase that is activated in response to calorie restriction (CR). SIRT1 is involved in cellular processes via the deacetylation of histone as well as various transcription factors and signal transduction molecules and thereby modulates the endocrine/metabolic functions. There is much evidence to demonstrate clearly that SIRT1 in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and other target organs modifies the synthesis, secretion, and activities of hormones and in turn induces the adaptive responses. In this review, we discussed the role of SIRT1 in the hypothalamic pituitary axis and its pathophysiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yamamoto
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yutaka Takahashi
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Bortell N, Basova L, Najera JA, Morsey B, Fox HS, Marcondes MCG. Sirtuin 1-Chromatin-Binding Dynamics Points to a Common Mechanism Regulating Inflammatory Targets in SIV Infection and in the Aging Brain. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 13:163-178. [PMID: 29280055 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microglia and macrophages are the main non-neuronal subsets of myeloid origin in the brain, and are critical regulators in neurodegenerative disorders, where inflammation is a key factor. Since HIV infection results in neurological perturbations that are similar to those in aging, we examined microglial and infiltrating myeloid subsets in the search for changes that might resemble the ones in aging. For that, we used the SIV infection in rhesus macaques to model neuroAIDS. We found that Sirt-1, a molecule that impacts survival and health in many models, was decreased in cell preparations containing a majority of microglia and myeloid cells from the brain of infected macaques. The role of Sirt-1 in neuroAIDS is unknown. We hypothesized that Sirt-1 silencing functions are affected by SIV. Mapping of Sirt-1 binding patterns to chromatin revealed that the number of Sirt-1-bound genes was 29.6% increased in myeloid cells from infected animals with mild or no detectable neuropathology, but 51% was decreased in severe neuropathology, compared to controls. Importantly, Sirt-1-bound genes in controls largely participate in neuroinflammation. Promoters of type I IFN pathway genes IRF7, IRF1, IFIT1, and AIF1, showed Sirt-1 binding in controls, which was consistently lost after infection, together with higher transcription. Loss of Sirt-1 binding was also found in brains from old uninfected animals, suggesting a common regulation. The role of Sirt-1 in regulating these inflammatory markers was confirmed in two different in vitro models, where Sirt-1 blockage modulated IRF7, IRF1 and AIF1 levels both in human macrophage cell lines and in human blood-derived monocytes from various normal donors, stimulated with a TLR9 agonist. Our data suggests that Sirt-1-inflammatory gene silencing is disturbed by SIV infection, resembling aging in brains. These findings may impact our knowledge on the contribution of myeloid subsets to the neurological consequences of HIV infection, aggravated and overlapping with the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Bortell
- Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Liana Basova
- Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 10865 Road to Cure, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Julia A Najera
- Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Morsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA
| | - Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes
- Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 10865 Road to Cure, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Yan H, Wu A. FOXO1 is crucial in glioblastoma cell tumorigenesis and regulates the expression of SIRT1 to suppress senescence in the brain. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2535-2542. [PMID: 29207098 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the role of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) in glioblastoma (GBM) cell tumorigenesis was examined and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to analyze the expression of FOXO1 in GBM cell lines (LN18 and T98G) and tissues. Compared with the control groups, FOXO1 was significantly downregulated in the GBM tissues and GBM cell lines (P<0.05). The effects of the expression of FOXO1 on GBM cell proliferation and cell cycle were examined using flow cytometry. The overexpression of FOXO1 markedly inhibited LN18 and T98G cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. In addition, FOXO1 facilitated cell senescence through regulation of the expression of sirtuin 1. Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process, which affects cell growth, invasion and metastasis. The results of the present study revealed that FOXO1 inhibited EMT and metastasis in GBM. These finding revealed a novel mechanism of FOXO1 in the suppression of tumorigenesis and metastasis of GBM cells and suggested that FOXO1 may be a potential therapeutic target for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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27
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Zainabadi K, Liu CJ, Caldwell ALM, Guarente L. SIRT1 is a positive regulator of in vivo bone mass and a therapeutic target for osteoporosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185236. [PMID: 28937996 PMCID: PMC5609767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT1 has been shown to extend the lifespan of mice and protect against aging-related diseases. Here we show that pharmacological activation of SIRT1 protects in two models of osteoporosis. Ovariectomized female mice and aged male mice, models for post-menopausal and aging-related osteoporosis, respectively, show significant improvements in bone mass upon treatment with SIRT1 agonist, SRT1720. Further, we find that calorie restriction (CR) results in a two-fold upregulation of sirt1 mRNA expression in bone tissue that is associated with increased bone mass in CR mice. Reciprocally, SIRT1 whole-body knockout (KO) mice, as well as osteoblast and osteoclast specific KOs, show a low bone mass phenotype; though double knockout mice (containing SIRT1 deleted in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts) do not show a more severe phenotype. Altogether, these findings provide strong evidence that SIRT1 is a positive regulator of bone mass and a promising target for the development of novel therapeutics for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Zainabadi
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Cassie J. Liu
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alison L. M. Caldwell
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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28
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Li D, Liu N, Zhao HH, Zhang X, Kawano H, Liu L, Zhao L, Li HP. Interactions between Sirt1 and MAPKs regulate astrocyte activation induced by brain injury in vitro and in vivo. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:67. [PMID: 28356158 PMCID: PMC5372348 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocyte activation is a hallmark of traumatic brain injury resulting in neurological dysfunction or death for an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and glial scar formation. Both the silent mating type information (Sirt1) expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway activation represent a promising therapeutic target for several models of neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the potential effects of Sirt1 upregulation and MAPK pathway pharmacological inhibition on astrocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we attempted to confirm the underlying interactions between Sirt1 and MAPK pathways in astrocyte activation after brain injury. Methods The present study employs an interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated primary cortical astrocyte model in vitro and a nigrostriatal pathway injury model in vivo to mimic the astrocyte activation induced by traumatic brain injury. The activation of GFAP, Sirt1, and MAPK pathways were detected by Western blot; astrocyte morphological hypertrophy was assessed using immunofluorescence staining; in order to explore the neuroprotective effect of regulation Sirt1 expression and MAPK pathway activation, the motor and neurological function tests were assessed after injury. Results GFAP level and morphological hypertrophy of astrocytes are elevated after injury in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, the expressions of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated p38 activation (p-p38) are upregulated, but the Sirt1 expression is downregulated. Overexpression of Sirt1 significantly increases the p-ERK expression and reduces the p-JNK and p-p38 expressions. Inhibition of ERK, JNK, or p38 activation respectively with their inhibitors significantly elevated the Sirt1 expression and attenuated the astrocyte activation. Both the overproduction of Sirt1 and inhibition of ERK, JNK, or p38 activation can alleviate the astrocyte activation, thereby improving the neurobehavioral function according to the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) and balance latency test. Conclusions Thus, Sirt1 plays a protective role against astrocyte activation, which may be associated with the regulation of the MAPK pathway activation induced by brain injury in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Hua Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hitoshi Kawano
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, 170-8445, Japan
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Lin WY, Yao C, Cheng J, Kao ST, Tsai FJ, Liu HP. Molecular pathways related to the longevity promotion and cognitive improvement of Cistanche tubulosa in Drosophila. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 26:37-44. [PMID: 28257663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging process, including physical dysfunction and age-related memory impairment (AMI), are considered to be correlated with cumulative oxidative damages and insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. PURPOSE The present study was to elucidate the in vivo effects on delaying aging and ameliorating AMI and underlying molecular mechanisms of Cistanche tubulosa (CT), a herb used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve sexual function and treat kidney dysfunction. METHODS The flies, treated and untreated with CT, were observed for lifespan, resistance to oxidative stress with H2O2 or paraquat, starvation assay, cognitive behaviors with T-maze, and transcript levels of target genes with quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Administering CT extended the mean and maximum lifespan and increased resistance to oxidative stress in flies. CT supplementation also enhanced memory formation in young flies and suppressed AMI upon aging. Several genes and signaling pathways, including the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Notch networks, have been identified as causing these pharmacological effects and alterations in the gene expression of glutamate receptors. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CT supplementation may contribute to slowing aging phenotypes and alleviating cognitive behavioral decline in flies, indicating potential applicability for enhancing human health and reducing susceptibility to age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jack Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Children's Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Reversible modulation of SIRT1 activity in a mouse strain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173002. [PMID: 28273169 PMCID: PMC5342236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIRT1 protein deacetylase is reported to have a remarkably wide spectrum of biological functions affecting such varied processes as aging, cancer, metabolism, neurodegeneration and immunity. However, the SIRT1 literature is also full of contradictions. To help establish the role(s) of SIRT1 in these and other biological processes, we set out to create a mouse in which the SIRT1 activity could be toggled between on and off states by fusing the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain (ER) to the C terminus of the SIRT1 protein. We found that the catalytic activity of the SIRT1-ER fusion protein increased 4–5 fold in cells treated with its ligand, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4OHT). The 4OHT-induced activation of SIRT1-ER was due in large part to a 2 to 4-fold increase in abundance of the SIRT1-ER protein in cells in culture and in tissues in vivo. This increase is reversible and is a consequence of 4OHT-induced stabilization of the SIRT1-ER protein. Since changes in SIRT1 level or activity of 2–4 fold are frequently reported to be sufficient to affect its biological functions, this mouse should be helpful in establishing the causal relationships between SIRT1 and the diseases and processes it affects.
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31
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Han X, Niu J, Zhao Y, Kong Q, Tong T, Han L. HDAC4 stabilizes SIRT1 via sumoylation SIRT1 to delay cellular senescence. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:41-6. [PMID: 26414199 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) regulates cellular lifespan in several organisms. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) belongs to the class IIa group of HDACs; this class of HDACs is composed of proteins that are important regulators of gene expression that control pleiotropic cellular functions. However, the role of HDAC4 in cellular senescence is still unknown. This study shows that the expression patterns of HDAC4 and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1; the mammalian homolog of Sir2) are positively correlated during cellular senescence. Moreover, the overexpression of HDAC4 delays senescence, whereas the knockdown of HDAC4 leads to premature senescence in human fibroblasts. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that HDAC4 increases endogenous SIRT1 expression by enhancing its sumoylation modification levels, thereby stabilizing its protein levels. This study, therefore, provides a new molecular mechanism for the regulation of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsheng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Centre on Aging, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Han
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The involvement of the epigenome in complex diseases is becoming increasingly clear and more feasible to study due to new genomic and computational technologies. Moreover, therapies altering the activities of proteins that modify and interpret the epigenome are available to treat cancers and neurological disorders. Many additional uses have been proposed for these drugs based on promising preclinical results, including in arthritis models. Understanding the effects of epigenomic drugs on the skeleton is of interest because of its importance in maintaining overall health and fitness. In this review, we summarize ongoing advancements in how one class of epigenetic modifiers, histone deacetylases (Hdacs), controls normal cartilage development and homeostasis, as well as recent work aimed at understanding the alterations in the expression and activities of these enzymes in osteoarthritis (OA). We also review recent studies utilizing Hdac inhibitors and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits and limitations of these drugs for preventing cartilage destruction in OA.
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Metformin stimulates IGFBP-2 gene expression through PPARalpha in diabetic states. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23665. [PMID: 27009398 PMCID: PMC4806307 DOI: 10.1038/srep23665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-diabetic drug, metformin, exerts its action through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Sirtuin (Sirt1) signaling. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) prevents IGF-1 binding to its receptors, thereby contributing to modulate insulin sensitivity. In this study, we demonstrate that metformin upregulates Igfbp-2 expression through the AMPK-Sirt1-PPARα cascade pathway. In the liver of high fat diet, ob/ob, and db/db mice, Igfbp-2 expression was significantly decreased compared to the expression levels in the wild-type mice (p < 0.05). Upregulation of Igfbp-2 expression by metformin administration was disrupted by gene silencing of Ampk and Sirt1, and this phenomenon was not observed in Pparα-null mice. Notably, activation of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-dependent signaling by IGF-1 was inhibited by metformin. Finally, when compared to untreated type 2 diabetes patients, the metformin-treated diabetic patients showed increased IGFBP-2 levels with diminished serum IGF-1 levels. Taken together, these findings indicate that IGFBP-2 might be a new target of metformin action in diabetes and the metformin-AMPK-Sirt1-PPARα-IGFBP-2 network may provide a novel pathway that could be applied to ameliorate metabolic syndromes by controlling IGF-1 bioavailability.
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Ricarte F, Nakatani T, Partridge N. PTH Signaling and Epigenetic Control of Bone Remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:55-61. [PMID: 27152252 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-016-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding of the mechanisms that govern bone development advance, the role of epigenetic modifications in these processes become increasingly evident. Interestingly, in parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced bone metabolism and remodeling, recent evidence shows that PTH signaling employs a particular facet of the epigenetic machinery to elicit its desired effects. In this review, we briefly discuss the known epigenetic events occurring in cells of the osteoblast lineage. More specifically, we elaborate on current findings that reveal the utilization of histone deacetylating enzymes (HDACs) in PTH-regulated modulation of gene expression in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florante Ricarte
- New York University School of Medicine, Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016
| | - Teruyo Nakatani
- New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York, NY 10010
| | - Nicola Partridge
- New York University School of Medicine, Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016; New York University College of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York, NY 10010
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Abstract
Preclinical Research Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the most severe fibrotic lung disease and characterized by the accumulation of (myo)fibroblasts and collagen within the alveolar wall resulting in obliteration of the gas-exchange surface. Although the detailed pathogenesis is not understood, recent studies have found that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the progression of lung diseases including IPF. IPF is a fibrotic disease and, most frequently found in an aged population. In this review, the functional roles of miRNAs that are deregulated in IPF progression are discussed together with how aging affects the miRNA signature, altering the fibroblast phenotype and promoting lung fibrosis. Finally, the possibility of targeting miRNAs as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of IPF is discussed.
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Fei Y, Shimizu E, McBurney MW, Partridge NC. Sirtuin 1 is a negative regulator of parathyroid hormone stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in osteoblastic cells: role of sirtuin 1 in the action of PTH on osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8373-82. [PMID: 25631045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the only current anabolic treatment for osteoporosis in the United States. PTH stimulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) in bone. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, participates in a variety of human diseases. Here we identify a role for SIRT1 in the action of PTH in osteoblasts. We observed increased Mmp13 mRNA expression and protein levels in bone from Sirt1 knock-out mice compared with wild type mice. PTH-induced Mmp13 expression was significantly blocked by the SIRT1 activator, resveratrol, in osteoblastic UMR 106-01 cells. In contrast, the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, significantly enhanced PTH-induced Mmp13 expression. Two h of PTH treatment augmented SIRT1 association with c-Jun, a component of the transcription factor complex, activator protein 1 (AP-1), and promoted SIRT1 association with the AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter. This binding was further increased by resveratrol, implicating SIRT1 as a feedback inhibitor regulating Mmp13 transcription. The AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter is required for PTH stimulation of Mmp13 transcriptional activity. When the AP-1 site was mutated, EX527 was unable to increase PTH-stimulated Mmp13 promoter activity, indicating a role for the AP-1 site in SIRT1 inhibition. We further showed that SIRT1 deacetylates c-Jun and that the cAMP pathway participates in this deacetylation process. These data indicate that SIRT1 is a negative regulator of MMP13 expression, SIRT1 activation inhibits PTH stimulation of Mmp13 expression, and this regulation is mediated by SIRT1 association with c-Jun at the AP-1 site of the Mmp13 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Fei
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
| | - Emi Shimizu
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
| | - Michael W McBurney
- the Ottawa Health Research Center Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- From the Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010 and
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Di Sante G, Wang L, Wang C, Jiao X, Casimiro MC, Chen K, Pestell TG, Yaman I, Di Rocco A, Sun X, Horio Y, Powell MJ, He X, McBurney MW, Pestell RG. Sirt1-deficient mice have hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to defective GnRH neuronal migration. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 29:200-12. [PMID: 25545407 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypogonadatropic hypogonadism (HH) can be acquired through energy restriction or may be inherited as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and its anosmia-associated form, Kallmann's syndrome. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is associated with mutations in a group of genes that impact fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) function. The Sirt1 gene encodes a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase that links intracellular metabolic stress to gene expression. Herein Sirt1(-/-) mice are shown to have HH due to failed GnRH neuronal migration. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) catalytic function induces GnRH neuronal migration via binding and deacetylating cortactin. Sirt1 colocalized with cortactin in GnRH neurons in vitro. Sirt1 colocalization with cortactin was regulated in an FGF8/fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 dependent manner. The profound effect of Sirt1 on the hormonal status of Sirt1(-/-) mice, mediated via defective GnRH neuronal migration, links energy metabolism directly to the hypogonadal state. Sirt1-cortactin may serve as the distal transducer of neuronal migration mediated by the FGF8 synexpression group of genes that govern HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Cancer Biology (G.D.S., L.W., C.W., X.J., M.C.C., K.C., T.G.P., I.Y., X.S., M.J.P., R.G.P.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center (G.D.S., L.W., C.W., X.J., M.C.C., K.C., T.G.P., I.Y., X.S., M.J.P., R.G.P.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics (A.D.R.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Pharmacology (Y.H.), Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry (X.H., M.W.M.) and Microbiology and Immunology (X.H., M.W.M.), Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
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Cloix L, Reverchon M, Cornuau M, Froment P, Ramé C, Costa C, Froment G, Lecomte P, Chen W, Royère D, Guerif F, Dupont J. Expression and Regulation of INTELECTIN1 in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells: Role in IGF-1-Induced Steroidogenesis Through NAMPT1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:50. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Pillai VB, Sundaresan NR, Gupta MP. Regulation of Akt signaling by sirtuins: its implication in cardiac hypertrophy and aging. Circ Res 2014; 114:368-78. [PMID: 24436432 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a multifactorial disease characterized by multiple molecular alterations. One of these alterations is change in the activity of Akt, which plays a central role in regulating a variety of cellular processes ranging from cell survival to aging. Akt activation is mainly achieved by its binding to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate. This results in a conformational change that exposes the kinase domain of Akt for phosphorylation and activation by its upstream kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, in the cell membrane. Recent studies have shown that sirtuin isoforms, silent information regulator (SIRT) 1, SIRT3, and SIRT6, play an essential role in the regulation of Akt activation. Although SIRT1 deacetylates Akt to promote phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate binding and activation, SIRT3 controls reactive oxygen species-mediated Akt activation, and SIRT6 transcriptionally represses Akt at the level of chromatin. In the first part of this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which sirtuins regulate Akt activation and how they influence other post-translational modifications of Akt. In the latter part of the review, we summarize the implications of sirtuin-dependent regulation of Akt signaling in the control of major cellular processes such as cellular growth, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, and aging, which are involved in the initiation and progression of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodkumar B Pillai
- From Center of Cardiac Cell Biology and Therapeutics, Committee on Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Endothelial Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Modulates Proliferation and Phenotype of Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Low Shear Stress. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:776-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Caron AZ, He X, Mottawea W, Seifert EL, Jardine K, Dewar-Darch D, Cron GO, Harper ME, Stintzi A, McBurney MW. The SIRT1 deacetylase protects mice against the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. FASEB J 2013; 28:1306-16. [PMID: 24297700 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-243568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and gut dysbiosis are pathophysiological consequences of obesity. Sirtuin (SIRT)-1 is a protein deacetylase implicated in the regulation of metabolic activity. We set out to determine whether the catalytic activity of SIRT1 plays a role in the development of metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, and the distribution of gut microbiota. We challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) a strain of mice homozygous for a Sirt1 allele carrying a point mutation that ablates the deacetylase activity of SIRT1. When compared to wild-type animals, mice lacking SIRT1 catalytic activity rapidly accumulated excessive hepatic lipid while fed the HFD, an effect evident within 2 wk of HFD feeding. Both white and brown adipose depots became hypertrophic, and the animals developed insulin resistance. The ratio of the major phyla of gut microbiota (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) increased rapidly in the SIRT1-deficient mice after HFD challenge. We conclude that the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 plays an important role in regulating glucose and hepatic lipid homeostasis. In addition, the composition of gut microbiota is influenced by both the animals' Sirt1 genotype and diet composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Z Caron
- 1Program in Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Box 926, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.
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Aulinas A, Ramírez MJ, Barahona MJ, Mato E, Bell O, Surrallés J, Webb SM. Telomeres and endocrine dysfunction of the adrenal and GH/IGF-1 axes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:751-9. [PMID: 23937625 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres, located at the end of linear chromosomes, are essential to maintain genomic stability. Telomere biology has recently emerged as an important player in the fields of ageing and disease. To maintain telomere length (TL) and reduce its degradation after mitosis, the telomerase enzyme complex is produced. Genetic, epigenetic, hormonal and environmental factors can regulate telomerase function. These include stress hormones such as cortisol and growth factors. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been evaluated in psychiatric diseases where hypercortisolism and oxidative stress are often present. Some researches have linked TL shortening to increases in stress-related cortisol, but others have not. The effects of cortisol on the telomere system are complex and may depend on the intensity and duration of exposure. On the other hand, low levels of IGF-1 are associated with inflammation and ageing-related diseases (ischaemic heart disease, congestive heart failure). Both IGF-1 and TL diminish with age and are positively and strongly correlated with each other. It is not clear whether this positive correlation reflects a single association or a cause-effect relationship. Further research will ideally investigate longitudinal changes in telomeres and both these hormonal axes. To our knowledge, TL dysfunction has not been described in either endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome) or acromegaly where excessive amounts of GH and consequently IGF-1 are produced. This review focuses on the possible relationships between telomere dysfunction and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and GH-IGF-1 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aulinas
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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McBurney MW, Clark-Knowles KV, Caron AZ, Gray DA. SIRT1 is a Highly Networked Protein That Mediates the Adaptation to Chronic Physiological Stress. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:125-34. [PMID: 24020004 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912474893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is a NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that has a very large number of established protein substrates and an equally impressive list of biological functions thought to be regulated by its activity. Perhaps as notable is the remarkable number of points of conflict concerning the role of SIRT1 in biological processes. For example, evidence exists suggesting that SIRT1 is a tumor suppressor, is an oncogene, or has no effect on oncogenesis. Similarly, SIRT1 is variably reported to induce, inhibit, or have no effect on autophagy. We believe that the resolution of many conflicting results is possible by considering recent reports indicating that SIRT1 is an important hub interacting with a complex network of proteins that collectively regulate a wide variety of biological processes including cancer and autophagy. A number of the interacting proteins are themselves hubs that, like SIRT1, utilize intrinsically disordered regions for their promiscuous interactions. Many studies investigating SIRT1 function have been carried out on cell lines carrying undetermined numbers of alterations to the proteins comprising the SIRT1 network or on inbred mouse strains carrying fixed mutations affecting some of these proteins. Thus, the effects of modulating SIRT1 amount and/or activity are importantly determined by the genetic background of the cell (or the inbred strain of mice), and the effects attributed to SIRT1 are synthetic with the background of mutations and epigenetic differences between cells and organisms. Work on mice carrying alterations to the Sirt1 gene suggests that the network in which SIRT1 functions plays an important role in mediating physiological adaptation to various sources of chronic stress such as calorie restriction and calorie overload. Whether the catalytic activity of SIRT1 and the nuclear concentration of the co-factor, NAD(+), are responsible for modulating this activity remains to be determined. However, the effect of modulating SIRT1 activity must be interpreted in the context of the cell or tissue under investigation. Indeed, for SIRT1, we argue that context is everything.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W McBurney
- Program in Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute ; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Leko V, Park GJ, Lao U, Simon JA, Bedalov A. Enterocyte-specific inactivation of SIRT1 reduces tumor load in the APC(+/min) mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66283. [PMID: 23799088 PMCID: PMC3682947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is a mammalian NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase implicated in metabolism, development, aging and tumorigenesis. Prior studies that examined the effect of enterocyte-specific overexpression and global deletion of SIRT1 on polyp formation in the intestines of APC(+/min) mice, a commonly used model for intestinal tumorigenesis, yielded conflicting results, supporting either tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting roles for SIRT1, respectively. In order to resolve the controversy emerging from these prior in vivo studies, in the present report we examined the effect of SIRT1 deficiency confined to the intestines, avoiding the systemic perturbations such as growth retardation seen with global SIRT1 deletion. We crossed APC(+/min) mice with mice bearing enterocyte-specific inactivation of SIRT1 and examined polyp development in the progeny. We found that SIRT1-inactivation reduced total polyp surface (9.3 mm(2) vs. 23.3 mm(2), p = 0.01), average polyp size (0.24 mm(2) vs. 0.51 mm(2), p = 0.005) and the number of polyps >0.5 mm in diameter (14 vs. 23, p = 0.04), indicating that SIRT1 affects both the number and size of tumors. Additionally, tumors in SIRT1-deficient mice exhibited markedly increased numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis, suggesting that SIRT1 contributes to tumor growth by enabling survival of tumor cells. Our results indicate that SIRT1 acts as a tumor promoter in the APC(+/min) mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Leko
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gemma J. Park
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Uyen Lao
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julian A. Simon
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Antonio Bedalov
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Paraíso AF, Mendes KL, Santos SHS. Brain activation of SIRT1: role in neuropathology. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:681-9. [PMID: 23615921 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of regulatory proteins of genetic information with a high degree of conservation among species. The SIRTs are heavily involved in several physiological functions including control of gene expression, metabolism, and aging. SIRT1 has been the most studied sirtuin and plays important role in the prevention and progression of neurodegenerative diseases acting in different pathways of proteins involved in brain function. SIRT1 activation regulates important genes that also exert neuroprotective actions such as p53, nuclear factor kappa B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), PPARγ coactivator-1α, liver X receptor, and forkhead box O. It is well established in literature that growing population aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, and genetic factors are important conditions to development of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to these diseases remain obscure. The sirtuins show strong potential to become valuable predictive and prognostic markers for diseases and as therapeutic targets for the treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, the aim of the current review is to present an actual view of the potential role of SIRT1 in modulating the interaction between target genes and neurodegenerative diseases on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Fernandes Paraíso
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), Av. Cula Mangabeira, 562-Santo Expedito, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-001, Brazil
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Gabay O, Zaal KJ, Sanchez C, Dvir-Ginzberg M, Gagarina V, Song Y, He XH, McBurney MW. Sirt1-deficient mice exhibit an altered cartilage phenotype. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 80:613-20. [PMID: 23587642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated that Sirt1 regulates apoptosis in cartilage in vitro. Here we attempt to examine in vivo cartilage homeostasis, using Sirt1 total body knockout (KO) mice. METHOD Articular cartilage was harvested from hind paws of 1-week and 3-week-old mice carrying wild type (WT) or null Sirt1 gene. Knees of Sirt1 haploinsufficient mice also were examined, at 6 months. Joint cartilage was processed for histologic examination or biochemical analyses of chondrocyte cultures. RESULTS We found that articular cartilage tissue sections from Sirt1 KO mice up to 3 weeks of age exhibited low levels of type 2 collagen, aggrecan, and glycosaminoglycan content. In contrast, protein levels of MMP-13 were elevated in the Sirt1 KO mice, leading to a potential increase of cartilage breakdown, already shown in the heterozygous mice. Additional results showed elevated chondrocyte apoptosis in Sirt1 KO mice, as compared to WT controls. In addition to these observations, PTP1b (protein tyrosine phosphatase b) was elevated in the Sirt1 KO mice, in line with previous reports. CONCLUSION The findings from this animal model demonstrated that Sirt1 KO mice presented an altered cartilage phenotype, with an elevated apoptotic process and a potential degradative cartilage process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Gabay
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopedic Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Gabay O, Sanchez C, Dvir-Ginzberg M, Gagarina V, Zaal KJ, Song Y, He XH, McBurney MW. Sirtuin 1 enzymatic activity is required for cartilage homeostasis in vivo in a mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:159-66. [PMID: 23124828 DOI: 10.1002/art.37750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We and others previously demonstrated that sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) regulates apoptosis and cartilage-specific gene expression in human chondrocytes and mouse models. This study was undertaken to determine if SIRT-1 enzymatic activity plays a protective role in cartilage homeostasis in vivo, by investigating mice with SIRT-1 mutations to characterize their cartilage. METHODS Articular cartilage was harvested from the paws and knees of 5- and 6-month-old wild-type (WT) mice and mice homozygous for SIRT-1tm2.1Mcby (SIRT-1y/y), an allele carrying a point mutation that encodes a SIRT-1 protein with no enzymatic activity (y/y mice). Mice ages 2 days old and 6-7 days old were also examined. Mouse joint cartilage was processed for histologic examination or biochemical analyses of chondrocyte cultures. RESULTS We found that articular cartilage tissue sections from y/y mice of up to 6 months of age contained reduced levels of type II collagen, aggrecan, and glycosaminoglycan compared to sections from WT mice. In contrast, protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), MMP-9, and MMP-13 were elevated in the cartilage of y/y mice. In addition, chondrocyte apoptosis was elevated in SIRT-1 mutant mice as compared to their WT littermates. Consistent with these observations, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b was elevated in the y/y mice. CONCLUSION Our in vivo findings in this animal model demonstrate that mice with defective SIRT-1 also have defective cartilage, with elevated rates of cartilage degradation with age. Hence, normal cartilage homeostasis requires enzymatically active SIRT-1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Gabay
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopedic Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Monteserin-Garcia J, Al-Massadi O, Seoane LM, Alvarez CV, Shan B, Stalla J, Paez-Pereda M, Casanueva FF, Stalla GK, Theodoropoulou M. Sirt1 inhibits the transcription factor CREB to regulate pituitary growth hormone synthesis. FASEB J 2013; 27:1561-71. [PMID: 23292070 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-220129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a major anabolic hormone and the primary regulator of organism growth. Its transcription is triggered by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) through the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and by caloric intake. In contrast, the deacetylase Sirt1 is activated by caloric restriction. Therefore, the present study investigates how Sirt1 affects CREB function and GH synthesis. Sirt1 pharmacological activation with resveratrol (IC₅₀=87 μM) suppressed GHRH-induced GH secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells in vivo and in vitro, while vehicle controls showed no effect. Resveratrol's effects were abolished after knocking down Sirt1 with RNA interference, but not in control scrambled siRNA-transfected rat somatotrophs, confirming the Sirt1 specificity. Sirt1 activation and overexpression suppressed forskolin-induced CREB-Ser(133) phosphorylation, but no effect was seen with vehicle and empty plasmid controls. The deacetylase-dead mutant Sirt1 retained CREB-Ser(133) phosphorylation by keeping protein phosphatase protein phosphatase 1 activity low. Sirt1 activation suppressed glycogen synthase kinase 3 β acetylation, and a mutation on the GSK3β-Lys(205) residue mimicking a hypoacetylated form revealed increased activity. In summary, this is a novel mechanism through which Sirt1 intercepts the cAMP pathway by suppressing CREB transcriptional activation, resulting in decreased GH synthesis.
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Seifert EL, Caron AZ, Morin K, Coulombe J, He XH, Jardine K, Dewar-Darch D, Boekelheide K, Harper ME, McBurney MW. SirT1 catalytic activity is required for male fertility and metabolic homeostasis in mice. FASEB J 2011; 26:555-66. [PMID: 22006156 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-193979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The protein encoded by the sirt1 gene is an enzyme, SirT1, that couples the hydrolysis of NAD(+) to the deacetylation of acetyl-lysine residues in substrate proteins. Mutations of the sirt1 gene that fail to encode protein have been introduced into the mouse germ line, and the animals homozygous for these null mutations have various physiological abnormalities. To determine which of the characteristics of these sirt1(-/-) mice are a consequence of the absence of the catalytic activity of the SirT1 protein, we created a mouse strain carrying a point mutation (H355Y) that ablates the catalytic activity but does not affect the amount of the SirT1 protein. Mice carrying point mutations in both sirt1 genes, sirt1(Y/Y), have a phenotype that is overlapping but not identical to that of the sirt1-null animals. The sirt1(Y/Y) phenotype is significantly milder than that seen in the sirt1(-/-) animals. For example, female sirt1(Y/Y) animals are fertile, while sirt1(-/-) females are sterile. On the other hand, both sirt1(-/-) and sirt1(Y/Y) male mice are sterile and hypermetabolic. We report that sirt1(Y/Y) mice respond aberrantly to caloric restriction, although the effects are more subtle than seen in sirt1(-/-) mice. Thus, the SirT1 protein has functions that can be attributed to the catalytic activity of the protein, as well as other functions that are conferred by the protein itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Seifert
- Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Otttawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zheng T, Lu Y. Changes in SIRT1 Expression and Its Downstream Pathways in Age-Related Cataract in Humans. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:449-55. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.559301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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