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Rosner A, Ballarin L, Barnay-Verdier S, Borisenko I, Drago L, Drobne D, Concetta Eliso M, Harbuzov Z, Grimaldi A, Guy-Haim T, Karahan A, Lynch I, Giulia Lionetto M, Martinez P, Mehennaoui K, Oruc Ozcan E, Pinsino A, Paz G, Rinkevich B, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Cambier S. A broad-taxa approach as an important concept in ecotoxicological studies and pollution monitoring. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:131-176. [PMID: 37698089 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates play a pivotal role in (eco)toxicological assessments because they offer ethical, cost-effective and repeatable testing options. Additionally, their significance in the food chain and their ability to represent diverse aquatic ecosystems make them valuable subjects for (eco)toxicological studies. To ensure consistency and comparability across studies, international (eco)toxicology guidelines have been used to establish standardised methods and protocols for data collection, analysis and interpretation. However, the current standardised protocols primarily focus on a limited number of aquatic invertebrate species, mainly from Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida. These protocols are suitable for basic toxicity screening, effectively assessing the immediate and severe effects of toxic substances on organisms. For more comprehensive and ecologically relevant assessments, particularly those addressing long-term effects and ecosystem-wide impacts, we recommended the use of a broader diversity of species, since the present choice of taxa exacerbates the limited scope of basic ecotoxicological studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of (eco)toxicological studies, focusing on major aquatic invertebrate taxa and how they are used to assess the impact of chemicals in diverse aquatic environments. The present work supports the use of a broad-taxa approach in basic environmental assessments, as it better represents the natural populations inhabiting various ecosystems. Advances in omics and other biochemical and computational techniques make the broad-taxa approach more feasible, enabling mechanistic studies on non-model organisms. By combining these approaches with in vitro techniques together with the broad-taxa approach, researchers can gain insights into less-explored impacts of pollution, such as changes in population diversity, the development of tolerance and transgenerational inheritance of pollution responses, the impact on organism phenotypic plasticity, biological invasion outcomes, social behaviour changes, metabolome changes, regeneration phenomena, disease susceptibility and tissue pathologies. This review also emphasises the need for harmonised data-reporting standards and minimum annotation checklists to ensure that research results are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR), maximising the use and reusability of data. The ultimate goal is to encourage integrated and holistic problem-focused collaboration between diverse scientific disciplines, international standardisation organisations and decision-making bodies, with a focus on transdisciplinary knowledge co-production for the One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Barnay-Verdier
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS, INSERM, Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice, 28 avenue Valombrose, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Ilya Borisenko
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Embryology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya embankment 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Laura Drago
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1111, Slovenia
| | - Maria Concetta Eliso
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, 80121, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Zoya Harbuzov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
- Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Koushy Ave., Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant, Varese, 3-21100, Italy
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Arzu Karahan
- Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Erdemli-Mersin, PO 28, 33731, Turkey
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Giulia Lionetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via prov. le Lecce -Monteroni, Lecce, I-73100, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, I-90133, Italy
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Elif Oruc Ozcan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Balcali, Saricam, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- National Research Council, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Guy Paz
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
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Mercado B, Valero N, Roca-Pérez L, Bernabeu-Berni E, Andreu-Sánchez O. Investigation of Metal Toxicity on Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Hipersaline Zooplankter Artemia salina, and Jellyfish Aurelia aurita. TOXICS 2023; 11:716. [PMID: 37624221 PMCID: PMC10459510 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The escalating global anthropogenic activities associated with industrial development have led to the increased introduction of heavy metals (HMs) into marine environments through effluents. This study aimed to assess the toxicity of three HMs (Cr, Cu, and Cd) on organisms spanning different trophic levels: Phaeodactylum tricornutum (a primary producer), Artemia salina (a primary consumer), and Aurelia aurita (a secondary consumer). The EC50 values obtained revealed varying relative toxicities for the tested organisms. Phaeodactylum tricornutum exhibited the highest sensitivity to Cu, followed by Cd and Cr, while Artemia salina displayed the highest sensitivity to Cr, followed by Cu and Cd. A. aurita, on the other hand, demonstrated the highest sensitivity to Cu, followed by Cr and Cd. This experimental investigation further supported previous studies that have suggested A. aurita as a suitable model organism for ecotoxicity testing. Our experiments encompassed sublethal endpoints, such as pulsation frequency, acute effects, and mortality, highlighting different levels of sensitivity among the organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Mercado
- Ocean Ecostructures, Inc., Rambla de Catalunya,14-7°-1ª, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Nuria Valero
- Xenobiotics, S.L., Parque Científico de la Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Luis Roca-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Elena Bernabeu-Berni
- Xenobiotics, S.L., Parque Científico de la Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Oscar Andreu-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
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Costa E, Gambardella C, Miroglio R, Di Giannantonio M, Lavorano S, Minetti R, Sbrana F, Piazza V, Faimali M, Garaventa F. Nanoplastic uptake temporarily affects the pulsing behavior in ephyrae of the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023:10.1007/s10646-023-02669-0. [PMID: 37269410 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate for the first time the uptake and ecotoxicological effects of nanoplastics (NPs) in a marine cnidarian. Ephyrae of the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. of different ages (0 and 7 days old) were exposed to negatively charged polystyrene NPs for 24 h; then, the uptake was assessed through traditional and novel techniques, namely microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) holotomography. Immobility and behavioral responses (frequency of pulsations) of ephyrae were also investigated to clarify if NP toxicity differed along the first life stages. NP uptake was observed in ephyrae thanks to the 3D technique. Such internalization did not affect survival, but it temporarily impaired the pulsation mode only in 0 day old ephyrae. This may be ascribed to the negative charged NPs, contributing to jellyfish behavioral alteration. These findings promote 3D holotomography as a suitable tool to detect NPs in marine organisms. Moreover, this study recommends the use of cnidarians of different ages to better assess NP ecotoxicological effects in these organisms, key components of the marine food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Costa
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy.
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) S.c.a.r.l., Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Roberta Miroglio
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Di Giannantonio
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy
- Early PostDoc Mobility Grant - Swiss National Science Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lavorano
- Costa Edutainment SpA - Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Minetti
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Sbrana
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy
- Schaefer SEE srl, Via delle Genziane 96, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Veronica Piazza
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) S.c.a.r.l., Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS), Via De Marini 16, 16149, Genova, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) S.c.a.r.l., Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), Palermo, Italy
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Barbosa H, Soares AMVM, Pereira E, Freitas R. Lithium: A review on concentrations and impacts in marine and coastal systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159374. [PMID: 36240931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Lithium (Li) industry has been expanding worldwide, over the last decades, and projections expect an increasing demand for its production in the coming years. It has been identified as an emerging pollutant and it occurs widely in aquatic environments, raising concern about its effects on ecosystems. Besides the increasing research on this topic, there is still limited understanding and discussion on the marine and coastal implications of Li occurrence. The present review aims to fill these knowledge gaps by analysing the literature concerning Li occurrence and its effects on marine and coastal ecosystems, including transition areas. Since 1960, the number of publications has increased, especially over the last decade, and available information has reported Li in water and sediments of these areas, while few studies investigated Li in tissues of biota. Among all the studied ecosystems, Chile reported one of the highest Li concentrations. Regarding the adverse effects of Li in aquatic organisms, Bacillariophyceae, Scyphozoa, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Polychaeta, Malacostraca, Echinoidea and Actinopteri were the studied taxonomic classes, and development inhibition, malformations, cellular and metabolic alterations, and behaviour changes were some of the observed impacts. This review might be particularly important in the mitigation of Li pollution as well as in the implementation of new directives and thresholds, as it highlights the impacts of Li and the urgent need to address new solutions and alternatives, meeting the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Barbosa
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry & REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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5
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Di Giannantonio M, Gambardella C, Miroglio R, Costa E, Sbrana F, Smerieri M, Carraro G, Utzeri R, Faimali M, Garaventa F. Ecotoxicity of Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Microplastics in Marine Zooplankton. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080479. [PMID: 36006158 PMCID: PMC9416274 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ecotoxicity of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics (MPs) in two marine zooplankton: the crustacean Artemia franciscana and the cnidarian Aurelia sp. (common jellyfish). To achieve this goal, (i) MP uptake, (ii) immobility, and (iii) behavior (swimming speed, pulsation mode) of crustacean larval stages and jellyfish ephyrae exposed to MPs concentrations (1, 10, 100 mg/L) were assessed for 24 h. Using traditional and novel techniques, i.e., epifluorescence microscopy and 3D holotomography (HT), PVDF and PLA MPs were found in the digestive systems of the crustaceans and in the gelatinous tissue of jellyfish. Immobility was not affected in either organism, while a significant behavioral alteration in terms of pulsation mode was found in jellyfish after exposure to both PVDF and PLA MPs. Moreover, PLA MPs exposure in jellyfish induced a toxic effect (EC50: 77.43 mg/L) on the behavioral response. This study provides new insights into PLA and PVDF toxicity with the potential for a large impact on the marine ecosystem, since jellyfish play a key role in the marine food chain. However, further investigations incorporating additional species belonging to other trophic levels are paramount to better understand and clarify the impact of such polymers at micro scale in the marine environment. These findings suggest that although PVDF and PLA have been recently proposed as innovative and, in the case of PLA, biodegradable polymers, their effects on marine biota should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Di Giannantonio
- Early PostDoc Mobility Grant—Swiss National Science Foundation, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (M.D.G.); (C.G.); Tel.: +39-0106476429 (C.G.)
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), National Research Council, Via de Marini 16, 16149 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.G.); (C.G.); Tel.: +39-0106476429 (C.G.)
| | - Roberta Miroglio
- Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), National Research Council, Via de Marini 16, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Costa
- Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), National Research Council, Via de Marini 16, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Sbrana
- Institute of Biophysics (CNR-IBF), National Research Council, Via de Marini 16, 16149 Genova, Italy
- Schaefer SEE srl, Via Luigi Einaudi 23, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - Marco Smerieri
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (CNR-IMEM), National Research Council, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carraro
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (CNR-IMEM), National Research Council, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Utzeri
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (CNR-SCITEC), National Research Council, Via de Marini 16, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), National Research Council, Via de Marini 16, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Early PostDoc Mobility Grant—Swiss National Science Foundation, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
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Ranasinghe RASN, Wijesekara WLI, Perera PRD, Senanayake SA, Pathmalal MM, Marapana RAUJ. Nutritional Value and Potential Applications of Jellyfish. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2022.2060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. S. N. Ranasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - W. L. I. Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - P. R. D. Perera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S. A. Senanayake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - M. M. Pathmalal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - R. A. U. J. Marapana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Eom HJ, Lee N, Yum S, Rhee JS. Effects of extremely high concentrations of polystyrene microplastics on asexual reproduction and nematocyst discharge in the jellyfish Sanderia malayensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150988. [PMID: 34656572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have assessed the detrimental effects of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic invertebrates due to their ubiquitous and persistent nature. In this study, the toxic effects of MPs were examined on the polyp and ephyrae of the marine hydrozoan Sanderia malayensis. The jellyfish were exposed to different sizes (1-6 μm) of non-functionalized polystyrene microbeads at a concentration of 1 × 104 particles mL-1. The MPs randomly attached to the external and internal parts of the jellyfish body, and the longest MP attachment was 52 days during the depuration after initial exposure (for 24 h). Consistent seventeen-day exposure to MPs significantly reduced the asexual reproduction of the S. malayensis polyps. To assess if the MPs can stimulate nematocyst discharge in polyp and ephyrae stages via direct contact, they were exposed to particle sizes up to 430 μm. None of the MPs or their aggregates, including the 430 μm particles, induced nematocyst discharge. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to relatively high MP concentrations affects the early stages of jellies and provides evidence for the no effect on nematocyst discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Eom
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungshic Yum
- Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Templeman MA, McKenzie MR, Kingsford MJ. The utility of jellyfish as marine biomonitors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113056. [PMID: 34688082 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish are abundant in coastal waters across broad latitudinal ranges and are often considered pests and a group that can cause phase shifts in marine ecosystems. Recent studies have highlighted their potential as biomonitors of contaminants including metals, herbicides and nutrients. Traditionally, sedentary organisms like molluscs and annelid worms have been used, but some jellyfish have similar characteristics of localised distributions and in some cases sedentary behaviour. Broad gradients in contaminant accumulation have been shown for a number of planktonic jellyfish species. An alternative biomonitoring candidate is the tropical/sub-tropical upside-down jellyfish (Cassiopea spp.). In laboratory and field deployments, Cassiopea accumulate measurable contaminants over days to weeks, making them ideal for detecting short-term pulses. Furthermore, the decay curve of contaminants varies temporally post-exposure and contaminant type. This can provide an estimate of the timing of exposure. Cassiopea, along with other jellyfish, have the potential to be an interesting and valuable group of organisms for monitoring coastal impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeline R McKenzie
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Australia; College Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Australia
| | - Michael J Kingsford
- College Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia
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9
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Cormier B, Gambardella C, Tato T, Perdriat Q, Costa E, Veclin C, Le Bihanic F, Grassl B, Dubocq F, Kärrman A, Van Arkel K, Lemoine S, Lagarde F, Morin B, Garaventa F, Faimali M, Cousin X, Bégout ML, Beiras R, Cachot J. Chemicals sorbed to environmental microplastics are toxic to early life stages of aquatic organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111665. [PMID: 33396175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, but little information is currently available on the dangers and risks to living organisms. In order to assess the ecotoxicity of environmental microplastics (MPs), samples were collected from the beaches of two islands in the Guadeloupe archipelago, Petit-Bourg (PB) located on the main island of Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante (MG) on the second island of the archipelago. These samples have a similar polymer composition with mainly polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). However, these two samples are very dissimilar with regard to their contamination profile and their toxicity. MPs from MG contain more lead, cadmium and organochlorine compounds while those from PB have higher levels of copper, zinc and hydrocarbons. The leachates of these two samples of MPs induced sublethal effects on the growth of sea urchins and on the pulsation frequency of jellyfish ephyrae but not on the development of zebrafish embryos. The toxic effects are much more marked for samples from the PB site than those from the MG site. This work demonstrates that MPs can contain high levels of potentially bioavailable toxic substances that may represent a significant ecotoxicological risk, particularly for the early life stages of aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettie Cormier
- Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, 33400 Talence, France; Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Genova, Italy
| | - Tania Tato
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Quentin Perdriat
- Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Elisa Costa
- Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Genova, Italy
| | - Cloé Veclin
- CNRS/University of Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Florane Le Bihanic
- Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Bruno Grassl
- CNRS/University of Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Florian Dubocq
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Kärrman
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kim Van Arkel
- Race for Water Foundation, Lausanne 1007, Switzerland
| | - Soazig Lemoine
- Laboratoire de biologie marine, Université des Antilles, French West Indies, Campus de Fouillole, BP 592, 97117, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Université du Maine, Avenu Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council (CNR-IAS), Genova, Italy
| | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France; University of Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Bordeaux University, EPOC, UMR CNRS University of Bordeaux EPHE 5805, Avenue des Facultés, 33400 Talence, France.
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10
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Olguín-Jacobson C, Pitt KA, Carroll AR, Melvin SD. Polyps of the Jellyfish Aurelia aurita Are Unaffected by Chronic Exposure to a Combination of Pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1685-1692. [PMID: 32418248 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a major contaminant in coastal waters and can cause adverse effects in marine invertebrates such as jellyfish. Most studies have investigated short-term responses of organisms to unrealistically high concentrations of pesticides; however, chronic exposure to persistent low concentrations, which are more likely to occur in the environment, are rarely analyzed. We tested the response of polyps of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita to environmental concentrations of the herbicide atrazine and the insecticide chlorpyrifos, individually and in combination, over 9 wk. We hypothesized that exposure to individual pesticides would reduce rates of asexual reproduction and alter polyps' metabolite profiles, and that the results would be more severe when polyps were exposed to the combined pesticides. Polyps survived and reproduced (through budding) in all treatments, and no differences among treatments were observed. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed no difference in profiles of polar metabolites of polyps exposed to the individual or combined pesticides. Our results suggest that A. aurita polyps are unaffected by chronic exposure to atrazine and chlorpyrifos at concentrations recommended as being protective by current Australian water quality guidelines. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1685-1692. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olguín-Jacobson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie A Pitt
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony R Carroll
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Costa E, Gambardella C, Piazza V, Vassalli M, Sbrana F, Lavorano S, Garaventa F, Faimali M. Microplastics ingestion in the ephyra stage of Aurelia sp. triggers acute and behavioral responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109983. [PMID: 31785944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we report a correspondence between microplastics (MP) ingestion and ecotoxicological effects in gelatinous zooplankton (Cnidarian jellyfish). The ephyra stage of the jellyfish Aurelia sp. was exposed to both environmental and high concentrations of fluorescent 1-4 μm polyethylene MP (0.01-10 mg/L). After 24 and 48 h, MP accumulation, acute (Immobility) and behavioral (Frequency pulsation) endpoints were investigated. MP were detected by confocal and tomographic investigations on gelatinous body and mouth, either attached on the surface or ingested. This interaction was responsible for impairing ephyrae survival and behavior at all tested concentrations after 24 h. Acute and behavioral effects were also related to mechanical disturbance, caused by MP, triggering a loss of radial symmetry. Contaminated ephyrae exposed to clean seawater showed full recovery after 72 h highlighting the organisms without the microspheres, attached on body jellyfish surface around the mouth and lappets. In conclusion, short-term exposure to MP affects ephyrae jellyfish health, impairing both their survival and behavior. Polyethylene MP temporarily affect both Immobility and Frequency of pulsation of Aurelia sp. jellyfish. This study provides a first step towards understanding and clarifying the potential impacts of MP contamination in gelatinous zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Costa
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Veronica Piazza
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biophysics (CNR-IBF), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Lavorano
- Costa Edutainment SpA - Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Marco Faimali
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
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12
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Morroni L, Rakaj A, Grosso L, Fianchini A, Pellegrini D, Regoli F. Sea cucumber Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje, 1823) as new model for embryo bioassays in ecotoxicological studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124819. [PMID: 31563723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sea cucumbers are common members of marine benthic communities, widespread distributed, easily available and handled. Nevertheless, no data are available on embryo toxicity assays using sea cucumbers, despite some of these species could fully meet the requirements for model test organisms. Holothuria polii is a key species in soft sediments and seagrass meadows; the aim of the present study was the standardization of a new embryo bioassay with this species, as an ecologically relevant test to evaluate the effects of environmental stressors. Sequential experiments were carried out, allowing to define the test acceptability, and a minimum sample size of 240 embryos. Temperature of 26 °C, salinity at 36‰ and a density of 60 eggs/ml were identified as optimum experimental conditions for performing the bioassay. The EC50 calculated for Cd2+ and Cu2+ in dose-response experiments indicated a good sensitivity of H. polii, with comparable values with those obtained in embryo toxicity bioassays of other marine invertebrates. An Integrative Toxicity Index (ITI) was calculated by integrating the frequency of abnormal embryos with the severity of observed abnormalities. The index allows to better discriminate different levels of toxicity, appearing particularly relevant for validating the usefulness of H. polii in embryo assays and ecotoxicological studies on environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Morroni
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Livorno, Italy.
| | - Arnold Rakaj
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Grosso
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fianchini
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - David Pellegrini
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Livorno, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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13
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Ren Z, Hu W, Dong X, Sitti M. Multi-functional soft-bodied jellyfish-like swimming. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2703. [PMID: 31266939 PMCID: PMC6606650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalities of the untethered miniature swimming robots significantly decrease as the robot size becomes smaller, due to limitations of feasible miniaturized on-board components. Here we propose an untethered jellyfish-inspired soft millirobot that could realize multiple functionalities in moderate Reynolds number by producing diverse controlled fluidic flows around its body using its magnetic composite elastomer lappets, which are actuated by an external oscillating magnetic field. We particularly investigate the interaction between the robot's soft body and incurred fluidic flows due to the robot's body motion, and utilize such physical interaction to achieve different predation-inspired object manipulation tasks. The proposed lappet kinematics can inspire other existing jellyfish-like robots to achieve similar functionalities at the same length and time scale. Moreover, the robotic platform could be used to study the impacts of the morphology and kinematics changing in ephyra jellyfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ren
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaoguang Dong
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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14
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Ohdera AH, Abrams MJ, Ames CL, Baker DM, Suescún-Bolívar LP, Collins AG, Freeman CJ, Gamero-Mora E, Goulet TL, Hofmann DK, Jaimes-Becerra A, Long PF, Marques AC, Miller LA, Mydlarz LD, Morandini AC, Newkirk CR, Putri SP, Samson JE, Stampar SN, Steinworth B, Templeman M, Thomé PE, Vlok M, Woodley CM, Wong JC, Martindale MQ, Fitt WK, Medina M. Upside-Down but Headed in the Right Direction: Review of the Highly Versatile Cassiopea xamachana System. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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15
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Dong Z, Sun T, Liang L, Wang L. Effect of tea saponin on ephyrae and polyps of the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp.1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182787. [PMID: 28777817 PMCID: PMC5544227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The moon jellyfish (Aurelia sp.1) is thought to be a nuisance for the sea cucumber aquaculture, which commonly occur in the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) culture ponds of the Yellow Sea, China. To develop an appropriate method to control Aurelia sp.1 blooms, the toxic effects of tea saponin on Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae and polyps were tested in laboratory experiments. Our results revealed that tea saponin caused significant morphological changes, behavioral abnormality and mortality in Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae and polyps in 24 h and 48 h exposure experiments. The 24 h and 48 h median lethal concentrations (LC50) values of tea saponin for Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae were 1.9 and 1.1 mg L-1 respectively, while the LC50 value for Aurelia sp.1 polyps was 0.4 mg L-1 after 24h and 48 h of exposure to tea saponin. Comparison with literature results of tea saponin on A. japonicus indicates that the resistance of A. japonicus to tea saponin is 12–18 times greater than that of Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae. Therefore, the appropriate tea saponin dosage for the control of Aurelia sp.1 should be paid enough attention in order to minimize possible damage for sea cucumber. We suggest that the recommended level of tea saponin to eradicate Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae and polyps in sea cucumber culture ponds be lower than 1.35 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, P.R., China
- * E-mail:
| | - Tingting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, P.R., China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R., China
| | - Likun Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R., China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, P.R., China
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16
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Faimali M, Gambardella C, Costa E, Piazza V, Morgana S, Estévez-Calvar N, Garaventa F. Old model organisms and new behavioral end-points: Swimming alteration as an ecotoxicological response. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 128:36-45. [PMID: 27194191 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral responses of aquatic organisms have received much less attention than developmental or reproductive ones due to the scarce presence of user-friendly tools for their acquisition. The technological development of data acquisition systems for quantifying behavior in the aquatic environment and the increase of studies on the understanding the relationship between the behavior of aquatic organisms and the physiological/ecological activities have generated renewed interest in using behavioral responses also in marine ecotoxicology. Recent reviews on freshwater environment show that behavioral end-points are comparatively fast and sensitive, and warrant further attention as tools for assessing the toxicological effects of environmental contaminants. In this mini-review, we perform a systematic analysis of the most recent works that have used marine invertebrate swimming alteration as behavioral end-point in ecotoxicological studies by assessing the differences between behavioral and acute responses in a wide range of species, in order to compare their sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Faimali
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Costa
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Veronica Piazza
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgana
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Noelia Estévez-Calvar
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
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17
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Giussani V, Costa E, Pecorino D, Berdalet E, De Giampaulis G, Gentile M, Fuentes V, Vila M, Penna A, Chiantore M, Garaventa F, Lavorano S, Faimali M. Effects of the harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata on different life cycle stages of the common moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 57:49-58. [PMID: 30170721 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and geographic extension of microalgae and gelatinous zooplankton blooms seem to have been increasing worldwide over recent decades. In particular, the harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata and the Schyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia sp. are two of the most frequent and long lasting species forming blooms in the Mediterranean Sea. A kind of interaction among any of their life cycle stages (i.e. planula-polyp-ephyrae vs Ostreopsis cells) can likely occur, although in this area there are no data available on the co-occurrence of these species. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the potential noxious effect of O. cf. ovata on different life stages of Aurelia sp. (polyps and ephyrae), testing several concentrations of whole algal culture. Rsults of toxicity bioassay highlighted that ephyrae, but not polyps, are affected by this harmful dinoflagellate and comparisons among other model organisms show that Aurelia sp. ephyrae are the most sensitive model organism tested so far (EC50-24h=10.5cells/mL). These findings suggest an interesting scenario on the interaction of these two bloom forming species in the natural marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Costa
- CNR - Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Danilo Pecorino
- DISTAV - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- ICM-CSIC - Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giulio De Giampaulis
- Department of Science and Biological and Environmental Technologies, University of Salento, S.P.6., Lecce - Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriam Gentile
- ICM-CSIC - Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Veronica Fuentes
- ICM-CSIC - Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Magda Vila
- ICM-CSIC - Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonella Penna
- DISB - University of Urbino, via Saffi 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy; CoNISMa - Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, P. le Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy; CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- DISTAV - University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy; CoNISMa - Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, P. le Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Lavorano
- Costa Edutainment S.p.A., Acquario di Genova, Area, Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128 Genoa, Italy; CoNISMa - Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, P. le Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- CNR - Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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18
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Morgana S, Gambardella C, Falugi C, Pronzato R, Garaventa F, Faimali M. Swimming speed alteration in the early developmental stages of Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin as ecotoxicological endpoint. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 115:11-19. [PMID: 26826671 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral endpoints have been used for decades to assess chemical impacts at concentrations unlikely to cause mortality. With recently developed techniques, it is possible to investigate the swimming behavior of several organisms under laboratory conditions. The aims of this study were: i) assessing for the first time the feasibility of swimming speed analysis of the early developmental stage sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus by an automatic recording system ii) investigating any Swimming Speed Alteration (SSA) on P. lividus early stages exposed to a chemical reference; iii) identifying the most suitable stage for SSA test. Results show that the swimming speed of all the developmental stages was easily recorded. The swimming speed was inhibited as a function of toxicant concentration. Pluteus were the most appropriate stage for evaluating SSA in P. lividus as ecotoxicological endpoint. Finally, swimming of sea urchin early stages represents a sensitive endpoint to be considered in ecotoxicological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Morgana
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISVA), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Pronzato
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16136 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Arsenale Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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19
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Echols BS, Smith AJ, Gardinali PR, Rand GM. The use of ephyrae of a scyphozoan jellyfish, Aurelia aurita, in the aquatic toxicological assessment of Macondo oils from the Deepwater Horizon incident. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1893-1900. [PMID: 26547023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ephyrae of the scyphozoan jellyfish, Aurelia aurita, were evaluated in 96-hr acute toxicity tests for lethal response to Macondo crude oils from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), Corexit 9500, and oil-dispersant mixtures. Water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of weathered and unweathered Macondo crude oils were not acutely toxic to ephyrae (LC50s > 100% WAF). The total PAHs (TPAHs), measured as the sum of 46 PAHs, averaged 21.1and 152 µg TPAH/L for WAFs of weathered and unweathered oil, respectively. Mortality was significantly (p = <0.0001) higher in the three highest exposure concentrations (184-736 µg TPAH/L) of chemically dispersed WAFs (CEWAF) compared to controls. Dispersant only tests resulted in a mean LC50 of 32.3 µL/L, which is in the range of previously published LC50s for marine zooplankton. Changes in appearance and muscle contractions were observed in organisms exposed to CEWAF dilutions of 12.5 and 25%, as early as 24 h post-exposure. Based on the results of these tests, crude oil alone did not cause significant acute toxicity; however, the presence of chemical dispersant resulted in substantial mortality and physical and behavioral abnormalities either due to an increase in hydrocarbons or droplet exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Echols
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Earth and Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| | - A J Smith
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Earth and Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - P R Gardinali
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - G M Rand
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Earth and Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
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20
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Gambardella C, Costa E, Piazza V, Fabbrocini A, Magi E, Faimali M, Garaventa F. Effect of silver nanoparticles on marine organisms belonging to different trophic levels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 111:41-9. [PMID: 26065810 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are increasingly used in a wide range of consumer products and such an extensive use raises questions about their safety and environmental toxicity. We investigated the potential toxicity of Ag-NPs in the marine ecosystem by analyzing the effects on several organisms belonging to different trophic levels. Algae (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costatum), cnidaria (Aurelia aurita jellyfish), crustaceans (Amphibalanus amphitrite and Artemia salina) and echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus) were exposed to Ag-NPs and different end-points were evaluated: algal growth, ephyra jellyfish immobilization and frequency of pulsations, crustaceans mortality and swimming behavior, and sea urchin sperm motility. Results showed that all the end-points were able to underline a dose-dependent effect. Jellyfish were the most sensitive species, followed by barnacles, sea urchins, green algae, diatoms and brine shrimps. In conclusion, Ag-NPs exposure can influence different trophic levels within the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Costa
- CNR - ISMAR, Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuele Magi
- DCCI, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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