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Queiroga FR, Hegaret H, Carvalho WF, Naveira C, Rodrigues N, Santos FSD, Nascimento SM, Neves RAF. In vitro effects of the harmful benthic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Ostreopsis cf. ovata on immune responses of the farmed oyster Crassostrea gasar. Mar Environ Res 2024; 198:106503. [PMID: 38640692 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Oyster culture is a sustainable solution to food production. However, this activity can be severely impacted by the presence and proliferation of harmful microalgae such as the benthic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Ostreopsis cf. ovata. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of P. hoffmannianum and O. cf. ovata on immune system cells (hemocytes) of the native cultured oyster Crassostrea gasar. The direct toxicity of both dinoflagellates was first evaluated assessing hemocyte viability exposed to eight concentrations of each HAB species. No reduction in hemocyte viability was found with the exposure to cell culture or the crude extract of P. hoffmannianum, but O. cf. ovata culture induced hemocyte death in a concentration-dependent manner. Ostreopsis cf. ovata concentration that promoted half of maximal reduction in hemocyte viability (EC50) was 779 cells mL-1. Posteriorly, hemocytes were exposed to both dinoflagellate cells and crude extracts to investigate their effects on hemocyte functional parameters. Despite no direct toxicity of the dinoflagellate cells, P. hoffmannianum extract caused a threefold increase in ROS production and decreased the phagocytosis rate by less than half. Ostreopsis cf. ovata cells and crude extracts also triggered an increase in ROS production (two-fold), but the phagocytosis rate was reduced (by half) only in response to the two lower cell concentrations. These results indicate a harmful potential of both dinoflagellates through a direct toxicity (only for O. cf. ovata) and functional impairment of hemocytes (both species) which could expose C. gasar oyster to opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France; Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil.
| | - Hélène Hegaret
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Wanderson Fernandes Carvalho
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Naveira
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Nathália Rodrigues
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Dos Santos
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Silvia Mattos Nascimento
- Marine Microalgae Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
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Giuliani ME, Bacchiocchi S, Accoroni S, Siracusa M, Campacci D, Notarstefano V, Mezzelani M, Piersanti A, Totti C, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Gorbi S. Subcellular effects and lipid metabolism alterations in the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata fed on ovatoxins-contaminated mussels. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141413. [PMID: 38336037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The marine microalgae Ostreopsis cf. ovata are a well-known producer of palytoxin (PlTXs) analogues, i.e. ovatoxins (OVTXs) among others, which arouse concern for animal and human health. Both in field and laboratory studies, presence of OVTXs, detected in species directly feeding on O. cf. ovata, was frequently correlated with impairment on organisms' physiology, development and behaviour, while similar knowledge is still lacking for animals feeding on contaminated preys. In this study, transfer and toxicity of OVTXs were evaluated in an exposure experiment, in which gilthead seabream Sparus aurata was fed with bivalve mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, contaminated by a toxic strain of O. cf. ovata. Mussels exposed to O. cf. ovata for 21 days accumulated meanly 188 ± 13 μg/kg OVTXs in the whole tissues. Seabreams fed with OVTX-contaminated mussels started to reject the food after 6 days of contaminated diet. Although no detectable levels of OVTXs were measured in muscle, liver, gills and gastro-intestinal tracts, the OVTX-enriched diet induced alterations of lipid metabolism in seabreams livers, displaying a decreased content of total lipid and fatty acid, together with overexpression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes, downregulation of β-oxidation genes and modulation of several genes related to lipid transport and regulation. Results from this study would suggest the hypothesis that OVTXs produced by O. cf. ovata may not be subject to bioaccumulation in fish fed on contaminated preys, being however responsible of significant biological effects, with important implications for human consumption of seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Debora Campacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Piersanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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Martinez-Perez RB, Rodriguez JA, Cisneros-Mata MA, Leyva Soto LA, Gortáres-Moroyoqui P, Renteria-Mexia A, Hernandez Corral EA, Diaz-Tenorio LM. Digestive glycosidases from cannonball jellyfish ( Stomolophus sp. 2): identification and temporal-spatial variability. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16417. [PMID: 38144177 PMCID: PMC10740595 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish are economically important organisms in diverse countries, carnivorous organisms that consume various prey (crustaceans, mollusks, bivalves, etc.) and dissolved carbohydrates in marine waters. This study was focused on detecting and quantifying the activity of digestive glycosidases from the cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus sp. 2) to understand carbohydrate digestion and its temporal-spatial variation. Twenty-three jellyfish gastric pouches were collected in 2015 and 2016 in the Gulf of California in three localities (Las Guásimas, Hermosillo, and Caborca). Nine samples were in intra-localities from Las Guásimas. Chitinase (Ch), β-glucosidase (β-glu), and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-NAHA) were detected in the gastric pouches. However, cellulase, exoglucanase, α-amylase, polygalacturonase, xylanase, and κ-carrageenase were undetected. Detected enzymes showed halotolerant glycolytic activity (i = 0-4 M NaCl), optimal pH, and temperature at 5.0 and 30-50 °C, respectively. At least five β-glucosidase and two β-N-acetylhexosaminidase were detected using zymograms; however, the number of proteins with chitinase activity is not precise. The annual variation of cannonball jellyfish digestive glycosidases from Las Guásimas between 2015-2016 does not show significant differences despite the difference in phytoplankton measured as chlorophyll α (1.9 and 3.4 mg/m3, respectively). In the inter-localities, the glycosidase activity was statistically different in all localities, except for β-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity between Caborca and Hermosillo (3,009.08 ± 87.95 and 3,101.81 ± 281.11 mU/g of the gastric pouch, respectively), with chlorophyll α concentrations of 2.6, 3.4 mg/m3, respectively. For intra-localities, the glycosidase activity did not show significant differences, with a mean chlorophyll α of 1.3 ± 0.1 mg/m3. These results suggest that digestive glycosidases from Stomolophus sp. 2 can hydrolyze several carbohydrates that may belong to their prey or carbohydrates dissolved in marine waters, with salinity over ≥ 0.6 M NaCl and diverse temperature (4-80 °C) conditions. Also, chlorophyll α is related to glycosidase activity in both seasons and inter-localities, except for chitinase activity in an intra-locality (Las Guásimas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Balam Martinez-Perez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Rodriguez
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Cisneros-Mata
- Regional Center for Aquaculture and Fisheries Research, Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Luis Alonso Leyva Soto
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
- Assistance Management of Scientific Develpment, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Gortáres-Moroyoqui
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ana Renteria-Mexia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Lourdes M. Diaz-Tenorio
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
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Ye J, Hua S, Liu S, Tian F, Ji X, Li Y, Hou M, Xu W, Meng L, Sun L. Enantioselective effects of chiral fragrance carvone (L- and D-carvone) on the physiology, oxidative damage, synthesis, and release of microcystin-LR in Microcystis aeruginosa. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158631. [PMID: 36084777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carvone is a widely used chiral fragrance with two isomers (L-carvone and D-carvone). D-carvone smells like a caraway, whereas L-carvone smells like mint. Carvone imposes a potential burden on the aquatic ecosystem. However, the enantioselective toxic effect of carvone enantiomers on cyanobacteria remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of L- and D-carvone on the physiological processes and related gene transcription (phoU, rbcL, and mcyH) in M. aeruginosa. Results showed that in the presence of L- and D-carvone, the oxidative damage and inhibitory effects on growth occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The contents of chlorophyll a and protein and the rbcL transcription level were inhibited in M. aeruginosa. In addition, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was heavily depleted because of various biological processes, including growth, oxidation reactions, and gene regulation. Meanwhile, L- and D-carvone stimulated the production and release of MC-LR and upregulated the expression level of the MC-LR-related gene mcyH. Intracellular MC-LR likely leaked to the water body under L-carvone exposure, posing a potential threat to the water environment. This study indicated that L- and D-carvone can regulate the physiological and metabolic activity of M. aeruginosa and show enantioselective toxic effects. The findings will also provide important insights into the influence of chiral fragrance on cyanobacterial blooms. Furthermore, this study will guide the safe application of chiral fragrance as personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Sijia Hua
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Fuxiang Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xiyan Ji
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yuanting Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Meifang Hou
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- School of Railway Transportation, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China
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Berdalet E, Pavaux AS, Abós-Herràndiz R, Travers M, Appéré G, Vila M, Thomas J, de Haro L, Estrada M, Medina-Pérez NI, Viure L, Karlson B, Lemée R. Environmental, human health and socioeconomic impacts of Ostreopsis spp. Blooms in the NW Mediterranean. Harmful Algae 2022; 119:102320. [PMID: 36344192 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the research conducted by the partners of the EU co-funded CoCliME project to ascertain the ecological, human health and economic impacts of Ostreopsis (mainly O. cf. ovata) blooms in the NW Mediterranean coasts of France, Monaco and Spain. This knowledge is necessary to design strategies to prevent, mitigate and, if necessary, adapt to the impacts of these events in the future and in other regions. Ostreopsis proliferations in the Mediterranean have been related to massive mortalities of benthic organisms and to symptoms of respiratory and cutaneous irritation in humans. A six-year epidemiologic study in a Ostreopsis hot spot in Catalonia and the accumulated experience of the French Mediterranean National Ostreopsis Surveillance Network confirm the main effects of these blooms on human health in the NW Mediterranean. The impacts are associated to direct exposure to seawater with high Ostreopsis cell concentrations and to inhalation of aerosols containing unknown irritative chemicals produced under certain circumstances during the blooms. A series of mild acute symptoms, affecting the entire body as well as the ophthalmic, digestive, respiratory and dermatologic systems have been identified. A main remaining challenge is to ascertain the effects of the chronic exposure to toxic Ostreopsis blooms. Still, the mechanisms involved in the deletereous effects of Ostreopsis blooms are poorly understood. Characterizing the chemical nature of the harmful compounds synthesized by Ostreopsis as well as the role of the mucus by which cells attach to benthic surfaces, requires new technical approaches (e.g., metabolomics) and realistic and standardized ecotoxicology tests. It is also necessary to investigate how palytoxin analogues produced by O. cf. ovata could be transferred through the marine food webs, and to evaluate the real risk of seafood poisonings in the area. On the other hand, the implementation of beach monitoring and surveillance systems in the summer constitutes an effective strategy to prevent the impacts of Ostreopsis on human health. In spite of the confirmed noxious effects, a survey of tourists and residents in Nice and Monaco to ascertain the socioeconomic costs of Ostreopsis blooms indicated that the occurrence of these events and their impacts are poorly known by the general public. In relationship with a plausible near future increase of Ostreopsis blooms in the NW Mediterranean coast, this survey showed that a substantial part of the population might continue to go to the beaches during Ostreopsis proliferations and thus could be exposed to health risks. In contrast, some people would not visit the affected areas, with the potential subsequent negative impacts on coastal recreational and touristic activities. However, at this stage, it is too early to accurately assess all the economic impacts that a potentially increasing frequency and biogeographic expansion of the events might cause in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain.
| | - Anne-Sophie Pavaux
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université - CNRS, UMR 7093, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer 06230, France
| | - Rafael Abós-Herràndiz
- Departament de la Salut, Institut Català de la Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Muriel Travers
- LEMNA, Institute of Economics and Management of Nantes, Nantes University, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 52231, Cedex 3, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Gildas Appéré
- GRANEM, Faculty of Law, Economics and Management, University of Angers, 13 allée François Mitterrand, BP 13633, CEDEX 01, Angers 49036, France
| | - Magda Vila
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Jérémy Thomas
- LEMNA, Institute of Economics and Management of Nantes, Nantes University, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 52231, Cedex 3, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Luc de Haro
- Clinical Pharmacology and Poison Control Centre, APHM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Marta Estrada
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Noemí Inmaculada Medina-Pérez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Laia Viure
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and Development, Oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université - CNRS, UMR 7093, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, Villefranche-sur-mer 06230, France
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Chen X, Li X, Xu Z, Liu Q, Peng Z, Zhu Y, Hong J, Lu W, Cui J, Xiao L. The distinct microbial community in Aurelia coerulea polyps versus medusae and its dynamics after exposure to 60Co-γ radiation. Environ Res 2020; 188:109843. [PMID: 32846637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiation (e.g., nuclear leakage) is a common harmful factor in the ocean that potentially affects the microbial community in nearby benthic hosts such as jellyfish polyps, which is essential for the maintenance of jellyfish populations and high-quality medusae. After comparison with the microbial community of medusae, the effect of 60Co-γ on the microbial community in Aurelia coerulea polyps was dynamically tested using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results suggested that Proteobacteria (76.19 ± 3.24%), Tenericutes (12.93 ± 3.20%) and Firmicutes (8.33 ± 1.06%) are most abundant in medusae, while Proteobacteria (29.49 ± 2.29%), Firmicutes (46.25 ± 5.59%), and Bacteroidetes (20.16 ± 2.65%) are the top three phyla in polyps. After 60Co-γ radiation, the proportion of Proteobacteria increased from 29.49 ± 2.29% to 59.40 ± 3.09% over 5 days, while that of Firmicutes decreased from 46.25 ± 5.59% to 13.58 ± 3.74%. At the class level, Gammaproteobacteria continually increased during the 5 days after radiation exposure, whereas Bacilli declined, followed by partial recovery, and Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia remained almost unchanged. Intriguingly, Staphylococcus from Firmicutes and three other genera, Rhodobacter, Vibrio, and Methylophaga, from Proteobacteria greatly overlapped according to their KEGG functions. It is concluded that the microbial community in A. coerulea polyps is distinct from that in the medusae and is greatly affected by 60Co-γ exposure, with a growth (0-3 d) period and a redistribution (3-5 d) period. The dynamic change in the microbial community is probably an important self-defense process in response to external interference that is regulated by the host's physiological characteristics and the intense interspecific competition among symbiotic microbes with similar functions and functional redundancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinTong Chen
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - XiaoYa Li
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zheng Xu
- Administration Office for Scientific Research, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; ShanXi Agricultural University, ShanXi, TaiGu, 030801, China.
| | - ZhaoYun Peng
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - YiNa Zhu
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - JianPing Hong
- College of Resources and Environment; ShanXi Agricultural University, ShanXi, TaiGu, 030801, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- 905th Hospital of PLA Navy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200052, China.
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Liang Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Pavaux AS, Ternon E, Dufour L, Marro S, Gémin MP, Thomas OP, Lemée R. Efficient, fast and inexpensive bioassay to monitor benthic microalgae toxicity: Application to Ostreopsis species. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 223:105485. [PMID: 32353662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Even though HPLC-MS is commonly used to quantify the toxin content of Ostreopsis spp. cells, there is a need to develop easy-to-use toxicological tests to set thresholds during Ostreopsis spp. blooms. The crustacean Artemia has been widely used to evaluate the presence and toxicity of chemicals and biological contaminants and we anticipated that it could also be useful to test Ostreopsis spp. toxicity. Its relevance was first assessed by investigating the variability of the toxic effects among Ostreopsis spp. strains and throughout the dinoflagellate life cycle in combination with chemical analyses of the toxinic content by UHPLC-HRMS. After testing the toxicity of fractions prepared from Ostreopsis spp. cells, the known ova- and paly-toxins were not the only toxic metabolites to Artemia franciscana, indicating that other toxic compounds synthesized by Ostreopsis spp. still remain to be identified. To extend the bioassay to in situ monitoring, the toxicity of the benthic microalgal consortium was tested during a natural bloom of Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the NW Mediterranean Sea. The results highlight the accuracy and sensitivity of the ecotoxicological assay with Artemia franciscana to assess the toxicity of Ostreopsis spp. blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Pavaux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Eva Ternon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Louison Dufour
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sophie Marro
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marin-Pierre Gémin
- IFREMER - Laboratoire Phycotoxines (PHYC), Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F- 44311, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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Neves RAF, Pardal MA, Nascimento SM, Oliveira PJ, Rodrigues ET. Screening-level evaluation of marine benthic dinoflagellates toxicity using mammalian cell lines. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 195:110465. [PMID: 32199217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complementary studies at different levels of the biological organization are fundamental to fully link environmental exposure to marine benthic dinoflagellate toxins and their effects. In order to contribute to this transdisciplinary evaluation, and for the first time, the present study aims to study the effects of Gambierdiscus excentricus, Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Prorocentrum lima extracts on seven functionally different mammalian cell lines: HEK 293, HepG2, HNDF, H9c2(2-1), MC3T3-E1, Raw 264.7 and SH-SY5Y. All the cell lines presented cell mass decrease in a concentration-dependence of dinoflagellate extracts, exhibiting marked differences in cell toxicity. Gambierdiscus excentricus presented the highest effect, at very low concentrations with EC50,24h (i.e., the concentration that gives half-maximal response after a 24-h exposure) between 1.3 and 13 cells mL-1, followed by O. cf. ovata (EC50,24h between 3.3 and 40 cells mL-1), and Prorocentrum species (P. lima: EC50,24h between 191 and 1027 cells mL-1 and P. hoffmannianum: EC50,24h between 152 and 783 cells mL-1). Cellular specificities were also detected and rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells were in general the most sensitive to dinoflagellate toxic compounds, suggesting that this cell line is an animal-free potential model for dinoflagellate toxin testing. Finally, the sensitivity of cells expressing distinct phenotypes to each dinoflagellate extract exhibited low relation to human poisoning symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A F Neves
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-314B, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Elsa T Rodrigues
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Abstract
Sea surface temperatures in the world's oceans are projected to warm by 0.4-1.4 °C by mid twenty-first century causing many tropical and sub-tropical harmful dinoflagellate genera like Gambierdiscus, Fukuyoa and Ostreopsis (benthic harmful algal bloom species, BHABs) to exhibit higher growth rates over much of their current geographic range, resulting in higher population densities. The primary exception to this trend will be in the tropics where temperatures exceed species-specific upper thermal tolerances (30-31 °C) beyond which growth slows significantly. As surface waters warm, migration to deeper habitats is expected to provide refuge. Range extensions of several degrees of latitude also are anticipated, but only where species-specific habitat requirements can be met (e.g., temperature, suitable substrate, low turbulence, light, salinity, pH). The current understanding of habitat requirements that determine species distributions are reviewed to provide fuller understanding of how individual species will respond to climate change from the present to 2055 while addressing the paucity of information on environmental factors controlling small-scale distribution in localized habitats. Based on the available information, we hypothesized how complex environmental interactions can influence abundance and potential range extensions of BHAB species in different biogeographic regions and identify sentinel sites appropriate for long-term monitoring programs to detect range extensions and reduce human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Wayne Litaker
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Ternon E, Pavaux AS, Marro S, Thomas OP, Lemée R. Allelopathic interactions between the benthic toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata and a co-occurring diatom. Harmful Algae 2018; 75:35-44. [PMID: 29778224 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades the microphytobenthos assemblage in the coastal Mediterranean Sea has been regularly colonized by the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. This harmful algal species is a toxin producer and occupies the same ecological niche as various diatoms. Surprisingly, there are only few insights reported on the physiological responses of diatoms to blooms of O. cf. ovata The chemical interactions of O. cf. ovata with the co-occurring diatom Licmophora paradoxa was studied using a bioassay (measuring impact of cell-free culture filtrate) and a co-culture approach (separate by a membrane) to investigate the effects of the exometabolome and its mode of action. Bioassays highlighted a toxic effect of the exometabolome of O. cf. ovata on the diatom photosynthetic activity. However, the co-cultures revealed that these toxic effects do not occur through remote allelopathy. Contact or close interactions between cells of the two species is most likely needed to impair the diatom growth. Ovatoxins are suspected to be the toxic metabolites secreted by O. cf. ovata although the current set of data did not give confirmation of this assumption. Interestingly, the exometabolome of L. paradoxa impaired the growth and the photochemistry of O. cf. ovata in both bioassays and co-cultures. Some biomarkers possibly involved for the effect were identified using a metabolomic approach and may correspond to oxylipins, however a bacterial source of the bioactive metabolites is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ternon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Pavaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie-Curie Paris 6, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06234 Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Sophie Marro
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie-Curie Paris 6, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06234 Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France; Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie-Curie Paris 6, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06234 Villefranche sur mer, France
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Accoroni S, Tartaglione L, Dello Iacovo E, Pichierri S, Marini M, Campanelli A, Dell'Aversano C, Totti C. Influence of environmental factors on the toxin production of Ostreopsis cf. ovata during bloom events. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 123:261-268. [PMID: 28863976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intense blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis have been a recurrent phenomenon along several Mediterranean coasts. Blooms have been associated with noxious effects on human health and mortality of marine organisms, due to the production of palytoxin-like compounds. We analyzed the toxin concentrations throughout an O. cf. ovata bloom to highlight their relationships with environmental parameters in the Conero Riviera, northern Adriatic Sea. High temperature and balanced nutrient conditions were the optimal environmental conditions to start and sustain blooms as well as to maximize toxin production. Ostreopsis showed a gradual decrease of toxin content throughout the bloom ascribed to the occurring of the same non-optimal conditions that led to the bloom decline. Moreover, our results suggest that toxin fraction released during bloom could be higher than that released in batch culture. Results from this study pointed out that the first bloom phase is potentially the most dangerous to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emma Dello Iacovo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Giussani V, Asnaghi V, Pedroncini A, Chiantore M. Management of harmful benthic dinoflagellates requires targeted sampling methods and alarm thresholds. Harmful Algae 2017; 68:97-104. [PMID: 28962993 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Concern regarding Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms (BHABs) is increasing since some harmful benthic species have been identified in new areas. In the Mediterranean basin, the most common harmful benthic microalgae are Ostreopsis cf. ovata and Prorocentrum lima, which produce palytoxin-like compounds and okadaic acid respectively, and the need to implement monitoring activities has increased. However, a general agreement on appropriate strategies (e.g. sampling season, definition of alarm thresholds, etc.) is still lagging behind, especially for P. lima, whose proliferation dynamics are still poorly known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giussani
- DISTAV-University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy; ARPAL-Dip. Biotossicologia ambientale, Via Fontevivo 21L, 19125 La Spezia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- DISTAV-University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy; CoNISMa-P.le Flaminio, 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- DISTAV-University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy; CoNISMa-P.le Flaminio, 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
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Neves RAF, Fernandes T, Santos LND, Nascimento SM. Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates on grazing, behavior and survival of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175168. [PMID: 28388672 PMCID: PMC5384755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algae may differently affect their primary grazers, causing sub-lethal effects and/or leading to their death. The present study aim to compare the effects of three toxic benthic dinoflagellates on clearance and grazing rates, behavioral changes, and survival of Artemia salina. Feeding assays consisted in 1-h incubations of brine shrimps with the toxic Prorocentrum lima, Gambierdiscus excentricus and Ostreopsis cf. ovata and the non-toxic Tetraselmis sp. Brine shrimps fed unselectively on all toxic and non-toxic algal preys, without significant differences in clearance and ingestion rates. Acute toxicity assays were performed with dinoflagellate cells in two growth phases during 7-h to assess differences in cell toxicity to A. salina. Additionally, exposure to cell-free medium was performed to evaluate its effects on A. salina survival. The behavior of brine shrimps significantly changed during exposure to the toxic dinoflagellates, becoming immobile at the bottom by the end of the trials. Dinoflagellates significantly affected A. salina survival with 100% mortality after 7-h exposure to cells in exponential phase (all treatments) and to P. lima in stationary phase. Mortality rates of brine shrimps exposed to O. cf. ovata and G. excentricus in stationary phase were 91% and 75%, respectively. However, incubations of the brine shrimps with cell-free medium did not affect A. salina survivorship. Significant differences in toxic effects between cell growth phases were only found in the survival rates of A. salina exposed to G. excentricus. Acute exposure to benthic toxic dinoflagellates induced harmful effects on behavior and survival of A. salina. Negative effects related to the toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates are thus expected on their primary grazers making them more vulnerable to predation and vectors of toxins through the marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A F Neves
- Laboratório de Microalgas Marinhas, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainá Fernandes
- Laboratório de Microalgas Marinhas, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Teórica e Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Laboratório de Microalgas Marinhas, Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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