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Santos-Echeandía J, Campillo JA, Egea JA, Guitart C, González CJ, Martínez-Gómez C, León VM, Rodríguez-Puente C, Benedicto J. The influence of natural vs anthropogenic factors on trace metal(loid) levels in the Mussel Watch programme: Two decades of monitoring in the Spanish Mediterranean sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105382. [PMID: 34119919 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution and temporal trends of trace metals (i.e. Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) and a metalloid (i.e. As) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast from 1993 to 2013 are presented with a new estimation of their background levels monitored using wild mussels. Over a 20 years period, yearly mussel monitoring was undertaken with a rigorous field sampling protocol using 3 pooled samples strategy (3 x n = 80, with 8 mussels in the 3.0 to 3.9 size categories at each site), obtained in the pre-spawning period (May-June) to minimize biological factors and seasonal variability, which is a fundamental element of the international programme. Spatial distribution was characterized every 5 years and temporal trends were determined in 11 locations. The main aims of the present long term study are to evaluate the environmental status of different coastal locations regarding trace metal levels and follow the evolution of these levels over time after the implementation of regulatory measures. Regarding spatial distribution, the highest values for Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb were found close to known highly anthopogenic cities or shipyard areas. However, As and Zn did not strictly follow this pattern, showing natural increased concentrations in the Levantine Balearic and Strait of Gibraltar-Alboran Sea demarcations respectively. These distributions are associated with the conjunction of two geological formation inputs (Massif Central in France and Iberian Pyritic Belt in Spain) and the oceanographic conditions in the adjacent coastal area. In the case of temporal trends, metal concentrations decreased significantly over time in most stations, confirming the effectiveness of the regulatory measures and prohibitions established under European legislation. Concentrations of Pb were above the established thresholds for human consumption in only 12-14% of the sampling areas. With the information obtained for this study, we estimate background concentrations and propose new Background Assesment Criteria (BAC) for the Spanish Mediterranean coast as a threshold criterion: 1.62 mg/kg d.w. for Cd, 8.75 mg/kg d.w. for Cu, 0.202 mg/kg d.w. for Hg and 2.83 mg/kg d.w. for Pb. Exceptions should exist for As and Zn, for which there should be different levels in each demarcation, due to the geological, hydrological and oceanographic peculiarities of the Spanish coast. For the Levantine-Balearic demarcation, the proposed background concentrations are 117 mg/kg d.w. for As and 200 mg/kg d.w. for Zn., whereas in the Strait of Gibraltar-Alboran Sea demarcation, they are 27.5 mg/kg d.w. for As, and 471 mg/kg d.w. for Zn. This work demonstrates the vital importance of defining the background levels of metal(loid)s at a regional or subregional level because, for areas not affected by anthropogenic causes which have high values as the result of natural processes, this would avoid the risk of constantly surpassing the levels proposed in directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Santos-Echeandía
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain.
| | - Juan A Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Jose A Egea
- Center for Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia. Spain, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Guitart
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Carlos J González
- Division of Naval Support and Oceanography, Marine Hydrographic Institute (IHM), Spanish Navy. Plaza San Severiano 3, 11007 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Víctor M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Puente
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Santander, Promontorio San Martín s/n, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - José Benedicto
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
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Fonseca MF, Ferreira FC, Choueri RB, Fonseca G. M-Triad: An improvement of the sediment quality triad. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145245. [PMID: 33736403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The traditional sediment quality triad generally uses three lines of evidence (LOE) in the assessment, integrating environmental chemistry, ecology and ecotoxicology. However the assessment is performed without considering the multivariate structure within LOE. In order to improve the sediment quality assessment, the M-Triad is proposed. Instead of averaging the values within a LOE, the new approach is based on the Euclidean distance between each sampling station and the reference station (s) for each LOE. These distances are then plotted in a radar-chart to obtain the area of the triangle and the quality assessment is subsequently obtained from the difference between the triangle areas of the impacted and the reference station. Three studies were selected to test the applicability of the M-Triad. In two cases, the M-Triad returned a more realistic ranking of the stations as observed in the principal component analysis (PCA) from each LOE By including the Euclidean distance, the use of M-Triad is advantageous when multiple variables with negative or uncorrelated patterns within a LOE are analyzed simultaneously. The combination of the M-Triad and the results of the PCA allows one to identify multiple contamination gradients and how biota and bioassays respond to each of these gradients. In comparison to the traditional method, the M-Triad reduces the uncertainty of the final analysis, permitting a more comprehensive ecological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferrel Fonseca
- Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102 Santos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Cop Ferreira
- Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102 Santos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102 Santos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fonseca
- Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102 Santos, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Mohamed F, Gaw S, Glover CN. Spatial and temporal change in trace element profiles in seawater, sediment and mussels associated with an earthquake rubble sea-fill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112034. [PMID: 33517092 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elemental profiles in seawater, sediment and green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) were determined, following the deposition of earthquake demolition rubble into a newly developed sea-fill located adjacent to a busy commercial port with a history of diverse contaminant inputs. Zinc and lead displayed environmental concentrations that varied over time during sea-fill construction, and which declined with distance from the sea-fill, indicating that the sea-fill activity was the source of these two contaminants. A transplantation study using reference site mussels caged near the sea-fill, supported this finding. However, none of the trace metal burdens in resident or transplanted mussels were of regulatory concern. An integrated approach comprising the monitoring of multiple environmental matrices, examination of contaminant burdens as a function of time and distance from a putative point source, and the use of active biomonitoring techniques, is necessary to robustly identify novel contamination inputs in historically-polluted marine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathimath Mohamed
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris N Glover
- Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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A Multibiomarker Approach to Assess the Health State of Coastal Ecosystem Receiving Desalination Plants in Agadir Bay, Morocco. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2019:5875027. [PMID: 31949427 PMCID: PMC6942907 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5875027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the initial health status of two stations receiving seawater desalination plants in Agadir Bay (Tifnit-Douira and Cap Ghir) and to assess their potential environmental impact on the marine ecosystem health. Six pairs of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were collected at six sampling sites on a monthly basis over two years. Each pair was homogenized to obtain the postmitochondrial fractions (S9). Toxicological effects were measured using a multibiomarker approach based on either acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) rate. The results show a seasonal variation of the biomarkers: their activities increase in summer and decrease in spring and winter. High activities were recorded during summer in Cap Ghir (17.94 ± 0.88; 5.91 ± 052 nmol/min/mg of protein) for CAT and MDA, respectively. In Tifnit-Douira, low activities were recorded during winter for GST (3.74 ± 0.52 nmol/min/mg of protein) and during spring for the CAT (3.52 ± 0.45 nmol/min/mg of protein). The fluctuations in the activities of measured biomarkers could be attributed to different factors including the changes in environmental parameters, the influence of seasonal variation, and the contamination of the aquatic ecosystem. The data obtained in this study should be taken into account in the monitoring and management of the health of the ecosystems when the desalination plants are established.
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Di Bella G, Pizzullo G, Bua GD, Potortì AG, Santini A, Giacobbe S. Mapping toxic mineral contamination: the southern oyster drill, S. haemastoma (L., 1767), as evaluable sentinel species. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 190:7. [PMID: 29209943 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nickel, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, and lead content have been evaluated, by ICP-MS, in digestive gland of the amphiatlantic gastropod Stramonita haemastoma, sampled along the highly anthropized Gulf of Milazzo (Central Mediterranean). Concentrations notably higher than those reported in literature for other Mediterranean Muricidae have been recorded. The results also indicated a different impact in different sites, according to distribution and typology of human activities, whilst recorded seasonal variations might relate with rapid metabolic response. Such preliminary results suggest S. haemastoma may be considered a promising sentinel species for inorganic contamination in marine environment, especially in terms of short-medium-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Robinson CD, Webster L, Martínez-Gómez C, Burgeot T, Gubbins MJ, Thain JE, Vethaak AD, McIntosh AD, Hylland K. Assessment of contaminant concentrations in sediments, fish and mussels sampled from the North Atlantic and European regional seas within the ICON project. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 124:21-31. [PMID: 27112302 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the status of contaminants in the marine environment is a requirement of European Union Directives and the Regional Seas Conventions, so that measures to reduce pollution can be identified and their efficacy assessed. The international ICON workshop (Hylland et al., in this issue) was developed in order to test an integrated approach to assessing both contaminant concentrations and their effects. This paper describes and assesses the concentrations of trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments, mussels, and fish collected from estuarine, coastal and offshore waters from Iceland to the Mediterranean Sea. For organic contaminants, concentrations progressively increased from Iceland, to the offshore North Sea, to the coastal seas, and were highest in estuaries. Metals had a more complex distribution, reflecting local anthropogenic inputs, natural sources and hydrological conditions. Use of internationally recognised assessment criteria indicated that at no site were concentrations of all contaminants at background and that concentrations of some contaminants were of significant concern in all areas, except the central North Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Robinson
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK.
| | - Lynda Webster
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, P.O. Box 22, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu. B.P. 21105, F-44311 Nantes, Cédex 03, France
| | - Matthew J Gubbins
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - John E Thain
- Cefas, Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, The Netherlands; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alistair D McIntosh
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Vethaak AD, Davies IM, Thain JE, Gubbins MJ, Martínez-Gómez C, Robinson CD, Moffat CF, Burgeot T, Maes T, Wosniok W, Giltrap M, Lang T, Hylland K. Integrated indicator framework and methodology for monitoring and assessment of hazardous substances and their effects in the marine environment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 124:11-20. [PMID: 26604023 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many maritime countries in Europe have implemented marine environmental monitoring programmes which include the measurement of chemical contaminants and related biological effects. How best to integrate data obtained in these two types of monitoring into meaningful assessments has been the subject of recent efforts by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Expert Groups. Work within these groups has concentrated on defining a core set of chemical and biological endpoints that can be used across maritime areas, defining confounding factors, supporting parameters and protocols for measurement. The framework comprised markers for concentrations of, exposure to and effects from, contaminants. Most importantly, assessment criteria for biological effect measurements have been set and the framework suggests how these measurements can be used in an integrated manner alongside contaminant measurements in biota, sediments and potentially water. Output from this process resulted in OSPAR Commission (www.ospar.org) guidelines that were adopted in 2012 on a trial basis for a period of 3 years. The developed assessment framework can furthermore provide a suitable approach for the assessment of Good Environmental Status (GES) for Descriptor 8 of the European Union (EU) Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dick Vethaak
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, Boussinesqweg 1, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ian M Davies
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - John E Thain
- CEFAS, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Matthew J Gubbins
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, PO BOX 22, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar Murcia, Spain
| | - Craig D Robinson
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Colin F Moffat
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, B.P. 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cédex 03, France
| | - Thomas Maes
- CEFAS, Centre for Environment, Fisheries, Aquaculture and Science, Pakefield Road, NR330HT, UK
| | - Werner Wosniok
- Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Achterstr. 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Lang
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Deichstr. 12, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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