1
|
Fraz S, Laframboise L, Manzon R, Somers CM, Wilson JY. Embryonic and larval development of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and its sensitivity to incubation temperature. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38853288 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The ontogenetic development in teleost fish is sensitive to temperature, and the developmental rate has a direct relationship with the environmental temperature within a species' thermal tolerance limit. Temperature determines time to and survival at hatching. Yellow perch is a North American species of ecological and commercial importance, and its phenology is vulnerable to climate change. The embryonic development of yellow perch was comparable to closely related members of the family Percidae. Developmental progression was fastest at 18°C and slowest at 12°C, with medial progression at 15°C. Time to hatch and swim-up, feeding onset, and exogenous feeding phases were different across all incubation temperatures regardless of a gradual post-hatch warming of the 12 and 15°C groups to a common garden temperature of 18°C. Incubation temperature may lower the rate of survival to hatch at 15°C and had complex impacts on developmental abnormalities. Temperature had significant effects on the development rate, time of hatch, survival, and incidence of developmental abnormalities. Early ontogenetic thermal history in ectotherms is an important factor determining phenotypic variation. It will be important to link the thermally induced changes in development described here to the physiological and morphological differences and to link the developmental abnormalities to functional performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Fraz
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Laframboise
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Joanna Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williamson DR, Davies EJ, Ludvigsen M, Hansen BH. Flow-through imaging and automated analysis of oil-exposed early stage Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua). Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38572598 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2338389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Toxicology studies in early fish life stages serve an important function in measuring the impact of potentially harmful substances, such as crude oil, on marine life. Morphometric analysis of larvae can reveal the effects of such substances in retarding growth and development. These studies are labor intensive and time consuming, typically resulting in only a small number of samples being considered. An automated system for imaging and measurement of experimental animals, using flow-through imaging and an artificial neural network to allow faster sampling of more individuals, has been described previously and used in toxicity experiments. This study compares the performance of the automated imaging and analysis system with traditional microscopy techniques in measuring biologically relevant endpoints using two oil treatments as positive controls. We demonstrate that while the automated system typically underestimates morphometric measurements relative to analysis of manual microscopy images, it shows similar statistical results to the manual method when comparing treatments across most endpoints. It allows for many more individual specimens to be sampled in a shorter time period, reducing labor requirements and improving statistical power in such studies, and is noninvasive allowing for repeated sampling of the same population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Williamson
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emlyn J Davies
- Department of Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Ludvigsen
- Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sørhus E, Bjelland R, Durif C, Johnsen E, Donald CE, Meier S, Nordtug T, Vikebø FB, Perrichon P. Oil droplet fouling on lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) eggshells does not enhance the crude oil induced developmental toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133814. [PMID: 38412802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The oil industry's expansion and increased operational activity at older installations, along with their demolition, contribute to rising cumulative pollution and a heightened risk of accidental oil spills. The lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is a keystone prey species in the North Sea and coastal systems. Their eggs adhere to the seabed substrate making them particularly vulnerable to oil exposure during embryonic development. We evaluated the sensitivity of sandeel embryos to crude oil in a laboratory by exposing them to dispersed oil at concentrations of 0, 15, 50, and 150 µg/L oil between 2 and 16 days post-fertilization. We assessed water and tissue concentrations of THC and tPAH, cyp1a expression, lipid distribution in the eyes, head and trunk, and morphological and functional deformities. Oil droplets accumulated on the eggshell in all oil treatment groups, to which the embryo responded by a dose-dependent rise in cyp1a expression. The oil exposure led to only minor sublethal deformities in the upper jaw and otic vesicle. The findings suggest that lesser sandeel embryos are resilient to crude oil exposure. The lowest observed effect level documented in this study was 36 µg THC/L and 3 µg tPAH/L. The inclusion of these species-specific data in risk assessment models will enhance the precision of risk evaluations for the North Atlantic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Reidun Bjelland
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway
| | - Caroline Durif
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nielsen AF, Baun A, Andersen SI, Skjolding LM. Critical review of the OSPAR risk-based approach for offshore-produced water discharges. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:1172-1187. [PMID: 36461708 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The management of produced water (PW) discharges from offshore oil and gas installations in the North Atlantic is under the auspices of OSPAR (Oslo/Paris convention for Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic). In 2010, OSPAR introduced the risk-based approach (RBA) for PW management. The RBA includes a hazard assessment estimating PW ecotoxicity using two approaches: whole-effluent toxicity (WET) and substance-based (SB). Set against the framework of the WET and SB approach, we conducted a literature review on the magnitude and cause of PW ecotoxicity, respectively, and on the challenges of estimating these. A large variability in the reported magnitude of PW WET was found, with EC50 or LC50 values ranging from <1% to >100%, and a median of 11% (n = 301). Across the literature, metals, hydrocarbons, and production chemicals were identified as causing ecotoxicity. However, this review reveals how knowledge gaps on PW composition and high sample and species dependency of PW ecotoxicity make clear identification and generalization difficult. It also highlights how limitations regarding the availability and reliability of ecotoxicity data result in large uncertainties in the subsequent risk estimates, which is not adequately reflected in the RBA output (e.g., environmental impact factors). Thus, it is recommended to increase the focus on improving ecotoxicity data quality before further use in the RBA, and that WET should play a more pronounced role in the testing strategy. To increase the reliability of the SB approach, more attention should be paid to the actual composition of PW. Bioassay-directed chemical analysis, combining outcomes of WET and SB in toxicity identification evaluations, may hold the key to identifying drivers of ecotoxicity in PW. Finally, an uncertainty appraisal must be an integrated part of all reporting of risk estimates in the RBA, to avoid mitigation actions based on uncertainties rather than reliable ecotoxicity estimations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1172-1187. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon I Andersen
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre, Elektrovej, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars M Skjolding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viana TS, Campos D, Bartilotti M, Leite FG, Zanoni MVB, Dorta DJ, Oliveira DP, Pestana JLT. Magnetized vermiculite as a tool for the treatment of produced water generated by oil companies: Effects on aquatic organisms before and after treatment. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1393-1405. [PMID: 37055923 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) generated by oil companies is a highly impacting waste that contains chemicals such as metals and organic and inorganic compounds. Given its polluting potential, PW requires effective treatment before being discharged into the environment. Conventional treatments have limited efficiency in removing PW toxicity, so alternative approaches must be developed and standardized. In this context, treatment with adsorbent materials like magnetized vermiculite (VMT-mag) is highlighted. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of treatment with VMT-mag in reducing PW toxicity to aquatic biota. For this purpose, three aquatic species (the midge Chironomus riparius, the planarian Girardia tigrina, and the crustacean Daphnia magna) were exposed to untreated PW and to PW treated with VMT-mag at laboratory conditions. The assessed endpoints included mortality, growth, emergence, and developmental time of C. riparius; mortality, locomotion, feeding, and head regeneration of G. tigrina; and intrinsic population growth rate (r) and reproductive output of D. magna. The results showed that all the species exposed to raw PW were impaired: C. riparius had delayed development, G. tigrina had reduced locomotor activity and delayed head regeneration, and D. magna had reduced reproduction and delayed intrinsic population growth rate (r). Most of the analyzed parameters showed that treatment with VMT-mag diminished PW toxicity. Therefore, using VMT-mag to treat PW may be the key to reducing the PW effects on aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tais S Viana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Bartilotti
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Leite
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Dorta
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle P Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hansen BH, Nordtug T, Øverjordet IB, Sørensen L, Kvæstad B, Davies EJ, Meier S, Gomes T, Brooks S, Farkas J. Monitoring ocean water quality by deployment of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) eggs: In situ bioaccumulation and toxicity in embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114074. [PMID: 36137423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish embryos can bioaccumulate and are particularly sensitive to a wide range of contaminants, which makes them suitable sentinels for environmental biomonitoring. However, fish embryos are very rarely utilized in environmental monitoring surveys, possibly due to their fragility and seasonality. In the present work, we assessed the applicability of caged lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) eggs for in situ biomonitoring of exposure and effects of organic contaminants focusing on polyaromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. Fertilized eggs (1 dpf) were transplanted for 17-19 days at different locations that differed in terms of contaminant load, depths and weather conditions, namely at three stations close to the city of Trondheim (two harbour areas and a one in the Fjord) and three stations at a coastal aquaculture facility. High survival upon retrieval after deployment showed that lumpfish eggs are relatively robust and survive encaging in different environments. Bioaccumulation of organic contaminants (PAHs and phenolic compounds) was measured and potential effects on hatching, development, survival and larvae morphometry were determined. Chemical analyses showed that especially PAHs were effectively accumulated in eggs in contaminated sites, with concentrations of ƩPAHs being 15 - 25 times higher in harbour areas compared to those at the aquaculture facility. A higher incidence of embryonic deformations was observed in the most polluted deployment location, but larvae morphometry revealed no evidence of toxicity related to pollutant body burden. In conclusion, the in-situ exposure method was proven to work well, making it attractive for implementations in environmental monitoring programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Henrik Hansen
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, P.O. Box 4760 Torgarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, P.O. Box 4760 Torgarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ida Beathe Øverjordet
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, P.O. Box 4760 Torgarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, P.O. Box 4760 Torgarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Kvæstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, P.O. Box 4760 Torgarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emlyn John Davies
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, P.O. Box 4760 Torgarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sonnich Meier
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research, Økernveien 94, NO-0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven Brooks
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research, Økernveien 94, NO-0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, P.O. Box 4760 Torgarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scovil AM, de Jourdan BP, Speers-Roesch B. Intraspecific Variation in the Sublethal Effects of Physically and Chemically Dispersed Crude Oil on Early Life Stages of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1967-1976. [PMID: 35622057 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The offshore oil industry in Atlantic Canada necessitates a greater understanding of the potential impacts of oil exposure and spill response measures on cold-water marine species. We used a standardized scoring index to characterize sublethal developmental impacts of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil in early life stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and assessed intraspecific variation in the response among cod families. Cod (origin: Scotian Shelf, Canada) were laboratory-crossed to produce embryos from five specific families, which were subsequently exposed prehatch to gradient dilutions of a water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and a chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF; prepared with Corexit 9500A) for 24 h. Postexposure, live embryos were transferred into filtered seawater and monitored to hatch; then, all live fish had sublethal endpoints assessed using the blue-sac disease (BSD) severity index. In both WAF and CEWAF groups, increasing exposure concentrations (measured as total petroleum hydrocarbons) resulted in an increased incidence of BSD symptoms (impaired swimming ability, increased degree of spinal curvature, yolk-sac edemas) in cod across all families. This positive concentration-dependent increase in BSD was similar between physically (WAF) versus chemically (CEWAF) dispersed oil exposures, indicating that dispersant addition does not exacerbate the effect of crude oil on BSD incidence in cod. Sensitivity varied between families, with some families having less BSD than others with increasing exposure concentrations. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence in fishes of intraspecific variation among families in sublethal responses to oil and dispersant exposure. Our results suggest that sublethal effects of crude oil exposure will not be uniformly observed across cod populations and that sensitivity depends on genetic background. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1967-1976. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Scovil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hansen BH, Nordtug T, Øverjordet IB, Altin D, Farkas J, Daling PS, Sørheim KR, Faksness LG. Application of chemical herders do not increase acute crude oil toxicity to cold-water marine species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153779. [PMID: 35150678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical herders may be used to sequester and thicken surface oil slicks to increase the time window for performing in situ burning of spilled oil on the sea surface. For herder use to be an environmentally safe oil spill response option, information regarding their potential ecotoxicity both alone and in combination with oil is needed. This study aimed at assessing if using herders can cause toxicity to cold-water marine organisms. Our objective was to test the two chemical herders Siltech OP-40 (OP-40) and ThickSlick-6535 (TS-6535) with and without oil for toxicity using sensitive life stages of cold-water marine copepod (Calanus finmarchicus) and fish (Gadus morhua). For herders alone, OP-40 was consistently more toxic than TS-6535. To test herders in combination with oil, low-energy water accommodated fractions (LE-WAFs, without vortex) with Alaskan North Slope crude oils were prepared with and without herders. Dissolution of oil components from surface oil was somewhat delayed following herder application, due to herder-induced reduction in contact area between water and oil. The LE-WAFs were also used for toxicity testing, and we observed no significant differences in toxicity thresholds between treatments to LE-WAFs generated with oil alone and oil treated with herders. The operational herder-to-oil ratio is very low (1:500), and the herders tested in the present work displayed acute toxicity at concentrations well above what would be expected following in situ application. Application of chemical herders to oil slicks is not expected to add significant effects to that of the oil for cold-water marine species exposed to herder-treated oil slicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per S Daling
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Farkas J, Svendheim LH, Jager T, Ciesielski TM, Nordtug T, Kvæstad B, Hansen BH, Kristensen T, Altin D, Olsvik PA. Exposure to low environmental copper concentrations does not affect survival and development in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) early life stages. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1909-1916. [PMID: 34926169 PMCID: PMC8648920 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated potential impacts of Cu exposure at low, environmentally relevant, concentrations on early live stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Cod embryos and larvae were exposed to 0.5 μg/L (low), 2 μg/L (medium), and 6 μg/L (high) Cu from 4 to 17 days post fertilisation (dpf). Hatching success, mortality, oxygen consumption, biometric traits, and malformations were determined. A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model was applied to identify potential impacts on bioenergetics. A positive correlation was found between Cu exposure concentrations and Cu body burden in eggs, but not in larvae. The tested concentrations did not increase mortality in neither embryos nor larvae, or larvae deformations. Further, the DEB model did not indicate effects of the tested Cu concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linn H. Svendheim
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Tomasz M. Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Kvæstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn H. Hansen
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Pål A. Olsvik
- Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Viana TS, Rialto TCR, Brito JFD, Micas AFD, Abe FR, Savazzi EA, Boldrin Zanoni MVB, de Oliveira DP. Effects of water produced by oil segment on aquatic organisms after treatment using advanced oxidative processes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:901-913. [PMID: 34259612 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1951910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The water produced (PW) by the petroleum industry is a potential contaminant to aquatic biota, due to its complex mixture that may contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic chemical compounds, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), metals and other components that are known to be toxic. The aim of this investigation was to examine the acute toxicity produced by a PW sample in aquatic organisms Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia similis prior to and after 4 treatments using advanced oxidative processes such as photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, ozonation and photoelectrocatalytic ozonation. Data demonstrated that exposure to PW was toxic to both organisms, as evidenced by reduced luminescence in bacterium Vibrio fischeri and induced immobility in Daphnia similis. After treatment of PW with 4 different techniques, the PW remained toxic for both tested organisms. However, photoelectrocatalysis was more efficient in decreasing toxicity attributed to PW sample. Therefore, data demonstrate the importance of treating PW for later disposal in the environment in order to mitigate ecotoxicological impacts. Further photoelectrocatalysis appeared to be a promising tool for treating PW samples prior to disposal and exposure of aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Viana
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - T C R Rialto
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J F D Brito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Chemistry Institute, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - A F D Micas
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), Divisão de Laboratório de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - F R Abe
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - E A Savazzi
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), Divisão de Laboratório de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M V B Boldrin Zanoni
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Chemistry Institute, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactivies (INCT-DATREM), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - D P de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactivies (INCT-DATREM), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lille-Langøy R, Jørgensen KB, Goksøyr A, Pampanin DM, Sydnes MO, Karlsen OA. Substituted Two- to Five-Ring Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Are Potent Agonists of Atlantic Cod ( Gadus morhua) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors Ahr1a and Ahr2a. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15123-15135. [PMID: 34739213 PMCID: PMC8600679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most toxic and bioavailable components found in petroleum and represent a high risk to aquatic organisms. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other planar aromatic hydrocarbons, including certain PAHs. Ahr acts as a xenosensor and modulates the transcription of biotransformation genes in vertebrates, such as cytochrome P450 1A (cyp1a). Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) possesses two Ahr proteins, Ahr1a and Ahr2a, which diverge in their primary structure, tissue-specific expression, ligand affinities, and transactivation profiles. Here, a luciferase reporter gene assay was used to assess the sensitivity of the Atlantic cod Ahrs to 31 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including two- to five-ring native PAHs, a sulfur-containing heterocyclic PAC, as well as several methylated, methoxylated, and hydroxylated congeners. Notably, most parent compounds, including naphthalene, phenanthrene, and partly, chrysene, did not act as agonists for the Ahrs, while hydroxylated and/or alkylated versions of these PAHs were potent agonists. Importantly, the greater potencies of substituted PAH derivatives and their ubiquitous occurrence in nature emphasize that more knowledge on the toxicity of these environmentally and toxicologically relevant compounds is imperative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kåre Bredeli Jørgensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela M. Pampanin
- Department
of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Magne O. Sydnes
- Department
of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hansen BH, Farkas J, Piarulli S, Vicario S, Kvæstad B, Williamson DR, Sørensen L, Davies EJ, Nordtug T. Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) embryos are highly sensitive to short-term 3,4-dichloroaniline exposure. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1754-1761. [PMID: 34703771 PMCID: PMC8523877 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) is one of the most widely produced anilines world-wide, used in plastic packaging, fabrics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and paints as well as being a degradation product of several pesticides. 3,4-DCA has been detected in freshwater, brackish and marine environments. Although freshwater toxicity thresholds exist, very little toxicological information is available on marine and cold-water species. In this study, we exposed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos (3-7 days post fertilization) to 3,4-DCA concentrations ranging from 8-747 μg/L for 4 days followed by a recovery period in clean sea water until 14 days post fertilization (dpf). The cod embryos were significantly more sensitive to acute 3,4-DCA exposure compared to other species tested and reported in the literature. At the highest concentration (747 μg/L), no embryos survived until hatch, and even at the lowest concentration (8 μg/L), a small, but significant increase in mortality was observed at 14 dpf. Delayed and concentration-dependent effects on surviving yolk-sac larvae, manifested as cardiac, developmental and morphometric alterations, more than a week after exposure suggest potential long-term effects of transient embryonic exposure to low concentrations of 3,4-DCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Vicario
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy
| | | | - David R. Williamson
- SINTEF Ocean, 7465, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and System (AMOS), Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Farkas J, Nordtug T, Svendheim LH, Amico ED, Davies EJ, Ciesielski T, Jenssen BM, Kristensen T, Olsvik PA, Hansen BH. Effects of mine tailing exposure on early life stages of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111447. [PMID: 34102163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mining and processing of minerals produce large quantities of tailings as waste. Some countries, including Norway, allow disposal of mine tailings in the sea. In this study we investigated the impacts of tailings from a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) processing plant on early live stages of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Fish eggs (3 days post fertilisation; dpf) were exposed for 48 h to three concentrations of tailings, nominally 1 mg L-1 (low, L); 10 mg L-1 (medium, M) and 100 mg L-1 (high, H); with L and M representing concentrations occurring at tailing release points. Results show that tailings rapidly adhered to eggs of both species, causing negative buoyancy (sinking of eggs) in M and H exposures. While tailings remained on egg surfaces in both species also after exposure termination, adhesion seemed more pronounced in cod, leading to larger impacts on buoyancy even after exposure. Tailing exposure further induced early hatching and significantly reduced survival in M and H exposed embryos in both fish species, and in cod from the L exposure group. Moreover, tailing exposure caused reduced survival and malformations in larvae, potentially related to premature hatching. This study shows that mineral particles adhere to haddock and cod eggs, affecting egg buoyancy, survival and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Brattørkaia 17C, 7010, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Brattørkaia 17C, 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Elettra D Amico
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emlyn J Davies
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Brattørkaia 17C, 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz Ciesielski
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Pål A Olsvik
- Nord University, Universitetsalléen 11, 8026, Bodø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Henrik Hansen
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Brattørkaia 17C, 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hansen BH, Nordtug T, Farkas J, Khan EA, Oteri E, Kvæstad B, Faksness LG, Daling PS, Arukwe A. Toxicity and developmental effects of Arctic fuel oil types on early life stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105881. [PMID: 34139396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heavy fuel oil (HFO) ban in Arctic maritime transport and new legislations restricting the sulphur content of fuel oils, new fuel oil types are continuously developed. However, the potential impacts of these new fuel oil types on marine ecosystems during accidental spills are largely unknown. In this study, we studied the toxicity of three marine fuel oils (two marine gas oils with low sulphur contents and a heavy fuel oil) in early life stages of cod (Gadus morhua). Embryos were exposed for 4 days to water-soluble fractions of fuel oils at concentrations ranging from 4.1 - 128.3 µg TPAH/L, followed by recovery in clean seawater until 17 days post fertilization. Exposure to all three fuel oils resulted in developmental toxicity, including severe morphological changes, deformations and cardiotoxicity. To assess underlying molecular mechanisms, we studied fuel oil-mediated activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) gene battery and genes related to cardiovascular, angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways. Overall, our results suggest comparable mechanisms of toxicity for the three fuel oils. All fuel oils caused concentration-dependant increases of cyp1a mRNA which paralleled ahrr, but not ahr1b transcript expression. On the angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways, fuel oils produced concentration-specific transcriptional effects that were either increasing or decreasing, compared to control embryos. Based on the observed toxic responses, toxicity threshold values were estimated for individual endpoints to assess the most sensitive molecular and physiological effects, suggesting that unresolved petrogenic components may be significant contributors to the observed toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Essa A Khan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erika Oteri
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Kvæstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Per S Daling
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eide M, Zhang X, Karlsen OA, Goldstone JV, Stegeman J, Jonassen I, Goksøyr A. The chemical defensome of five model teleost fish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10546. [PMID: 34006915 PMCID: PMC8131381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How an organism copes with chemicals is largely determined by the genes and proteins that collectively function to defend against, detoxify and eliminate chemical stressors. This integrative network includes receptors and transcription factors, biotransformation enzymes, transporters, antioxidants, and metal- and heat-responsive genes, and is collectively known as the chemical defensome. Teleost fish is the largest group of vertebrate species and can provide valuable insights into the evolution and functional diversity of defensome genes. We have previously shown that the xenosensing pregnane x receptor (pxr, nr1i2) is lost in many teleost species, including Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), but it is not known if compensatory mechanisms or signaling pathways have evolved in its absence. In this study, we compared the genes comprising the chemical defensome of five fish species that span the teleosteii evolutionary branch often used as model species in toxicological studies and environmental monitoring programs: zebrafish (Danio rerio), medaka (Oryzias latipes), Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), Atlantic cod, and three-spined stickleback. Genome mining revealed evolved differences in the number and composition of defensome genes that can have implication for how these species sense and respond to environmental pollutants, but we did not observe any candidates of compensatory mechanisms or pathways in cod and stickleback in the absence of pxr. The results indicate that knowledge regarding the diversity and function of the defensome will be important for toxicological testing and risk assessment studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Eide
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - John Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nepstad R, Hansen BH, Skancke J. North sea produced water PAH exposure and uptake in early life stages of Atlantic Cod. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105203. [PMID: 33160645 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Produced water discharges from offshore oil and gas platforms represent a significant source of petroleum components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released to the ocean. High molecular weight PAHs are persistent in the environment and have a potential for bioaccumulation, and the investigation of their fate and uptake pathways in marine life are relevant when assessing environmental risk of produced water discharges. To study the exposure and uptake of 2-5 ring PAHs in early life stages of Atlantic Cod in the North Sea, we run a coupled fate and individual-based numerical model that includes discharges from 26 platforms. We consider 26 different PAH components in produced water which biodegrade with primary degradation rates; intermediate degradation products are not included. Model simulations are run covering multiple years (2009-2012) to study annual exposure variability, while a one-day time slice of spawning products from the peak spawning season are followed. By covering multiple release points and large spatio-temporal scales, we show how individuals can be exposed to produced water from multiple regions in the North Sea. We find that a combination of oceanic fate processes and toxicokinetics lead to markedly different compositions in the predicted internal concentrations of PAHs compared to discharge concentrations; for instance, naphthalene makes up 30% of the total discharged PAHs, but contributes to at most 1% of internal concentrations. In all simulations we find the predicted total internal PAH concentration (26 components) to be below 1.2 nmol/g, a factor of 1000 less than concentrations commonly associated with acute narcotic effects.
Collapse
|
17
|
Oppegård M, Hansen BH, Sørensen L. Determination of C 0 -C 9 alkyl phenols in produced-water-exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8950. [PMID: 32945058 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Produced water (PW) discharge from the oil and gas industry represents the largest intentional marine waste volume. Alkyl phenols (APs) are one of the main toxic component groups found in PW, with concentration of APs in discharged PW from the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea up to >16 mg/L. Several species of fish spawn in direct proximity to offshore production platforms and may be at risk of AP exposure. Therefore, a sensitive method to determine the potential for bioaccumulation of APs in fish eggs is needed. METHODS Fish eggs were extracted using liquid-solid extraction followed by gel permeation chromatography cleanup. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Extraction and analytical conditions were optimized for analysis of phenol and 30 APs (C1 -C9 ) with different degrees of branching in the alkyl chain. The method was verified and applied to analyze the body residue of APs in PW-exposed marine fish (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua) eggs. RESULTS A comprehensive and sensitive method for the determination of C0 -C9 APs was developed. Detection limits were in the range 0.03-8 ng. Apart from a few compounds with poor recovery, the method generally provided reliable results with good precision (<15%). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the successful application of an optimized extraction method for APs in fish eggs and show first results of AP accumulation in cod embryos exposed to PW in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oppegård
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Henrik Hansen
- Department of Environment and New Resources, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- Department of Environment and New Resources, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beyer J, Goksøyr A, Hjermann DØ, Klungsøyr J. Environmental effects of offshore produced water discharges: A review focused on the Norwegian continental shelf. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105155. [PMID: 32992224 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW), a large byproduct of offshore oil and gas extraction, is reinjected to formations or discharged to the sea after treatment. The discharges contain dispersed crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), metals, and many other constituents of environmental relevance. Risk-based regulation, greener offshore chemicals and improved cleaning systems have reduced environmental risks of PW discharges, but PW is still the largest operational source of oil pollution to the sea from the offshore petroleum industry. Monitoring surveys find detectable exposures in caged mussel and fish several km downstream from PW outfalls, but biomarkers indicate only mild acute effects in these sentinels. On the other hand, increased concentrations of DNA adducts are found repeatedly in benthic fish populations, especially in haddock. It is uncertain whether increased adducts could be a long-term effect of sediment contamination due to ongoing PW discharges, or earlier discharges of oil-containing drilling waste. Another concern is uncertainty regarding the possible effect of PW discharges in the sub-Arctic Southern Barents Sea. So far, research suggests that sub-arctic species are largely comparable to temperate species in their sensitivity to PW exposure. Larval deformities and cardiac toxicity in fish early life stages are among the biomarkers and adverse outcome pathways that currently receive much attention in PW effect research. Herein, we summarize the accumulated ecotoxicological knowledge of offshore PW discharges and highlight some key remaining knowledge needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cresci A, Paris CB, Browman H, Skiftesvik AB, Shema S, Bjelland R, Durif CMF, Foretich M, Di Persia C, Lucchese V, Vikebø FB, Sørhus E. Effects of Exposure to Low Concentrations of Oil on the Expression of Cytochrome P4501a and Routine Swimming Speed of Atlantic Haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Larvae In Situ. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13879-13887. [PMID: 32990430 PMCID: PMC7659032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of oil could impact survival of fish larvae in situ through subtle effects on larval behavior. During the larval period, Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) are transported toward nursery grounds by ocean currents and active swimming, which can modify their drift route. Haddock larvae are sensitive to dispersed oil; however, whether exposure to oil during development impacts the ability of haddock larvae to swim in situ is unknown. Here, we exposed Atlantic haddock embryos to 10 and 80 μg oil/L (0.1 and 0.8 μg ∑PAH/L) of crude oil for 8 days and used a novel approach to measure its effect on the larval swimming behavior in situ. We assessed the swimming behavior of 138 haddock larvae in situ, in the North Sea, using a transparent drifting chamber. Expression of cytochrome P4501a (cyp1a) was also measured. Exposure to 10 and 80 μg oil/L significantly reduced the average in situ routine swimming speed by 30-40% compared to the controls. Expression of cyp1a was significantly higher in both exposed groups. This study reports key information for improving oil spill risk assessment models and presents a novel approach to study sublethal effects of pollutants on fish larvae in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cresci
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
- . Mobile: +47 485 06 296
| | - Claire B. Paris
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Howard
I. Browman
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Anne Berit Skiftesvik
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Steven Shema
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Reidun Bjelland
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Caroline M. F. Durif
- Institute
of Marine Research, Marine Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Matthew Foretich
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Camilla Di Persia
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Veronica Lucchese
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Frode B. Vikebø
- Institute
of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elin Sørhus
- Institute
of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Muliari M, Zulfahmi I, Akmal Y, Karja NWK, Nisa C, Sumon KA, Rahman MM. Toxicity of palm oil mill effluent on the early life stages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30592-30599. [PMID: 32468372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful effects of several pollutants have been reported on early life stages of fish. However, the effects of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on fish early life stages are still unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this present study was to elucidate the impact of POME on the early life stages of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fertilized eggs of Nile tilapia were exposed to four concentrations of POME (0, 1.565, 2.347, and 3.130 mg/L) in 20 plastic funnels. Each of the control and treatment groups was maintained in five replicates. The cumulative hatching rate, malformation rate, body length, and deformities of larvae were analyzed. Results showed that hatching rate and survival rate of Nile tilapia larvae significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of POME. In contrast to, malformation rate and heart rate were significantly increased. Furthermore, results showed several malformations of Nile tilapia larvae including lordosis, kyphosis, and curved tail when exposed to 1.565 mg/L, 2.347 mg/L, and 3.130 mg/L of POME concentrations. Further research is required to understand the physiological mechanisms of different endpoints in the early stages of Nile tilapia induced by the toxicity of POME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muliari Muliari
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Almuslim University, Kabupaten Bireuen, Indonesia
| | - Ilham Zulfahmi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Yusrizal Akmal
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Almuslim University, Kabupaten Bireuen, Indonesia
| | - Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Chairun Nisa
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kizar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, -2202, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sørensen L, McCormack P, Altin D, Robson WJ, Booth AM, Faksness LG, Rowland SJ, Størseth TR. Establishing a link between composition and toxicity of offshore produced waters using comprehensive analysis techniques - A way forward for discharge monitoring? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133682. [PMID: 31386952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of produced waters from five mature Norwegian Sea oil fields were examined as total organic extracts (TOEs) and after fractionation into operationally-defined 'polar' and 'apolar' fractions. The TOEs and fractions were examined by gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), two dimensional GC-MS (GC × GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with high-resolution spectrometry (LC-HRMS) techniques. Low molecular weight aromatics, phenols and other common petroleum-derived hydrocarbons were characterized and quantified in the TOEs and fractions. In addition, a range of more uncommon polar and apolar constituents, including those likely derived from production chemicals, such as trithiolane, imidazolines and quaternary amine compounds (so-called 'quats'), were tentatively identified, using GC × GC-MS and LC-HRMS. The acute toxicity of the TOEs and subfractions was investigated using early life stages of the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Toxicity varied significantly for different PW TOEs and subfractions. For some PWs, the toxicity was attributed mainly to the 'polar' components, while that of other PWs was associated mainly with the 'apolar' components. Importantly, the observed toxicity could not be explained by the presence of the commonly reported compounds only. Although, due to the vast chemical complexity even of the sub-fractions of the PW extracts, specific compounds driving the observed toxicity could be not be elucidated in this study, the proposed approach may suggest a way forward for future revisions of monitoring regimes for PW discharges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisbet Sørensen
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Paul McCormack
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, UK
| | | | - William J Robson
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Steven J Rowland
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hansen BH, Salaberria I, Read KE, Wold PA, Hammer KM, Olsen AJ, Altin D, Øverjordet IB, Nordtug T, Bardal T, Kjørsvik E. Developmental effects in fish embryos exposed to oil dispersions - The impact of crude oil micro-droplets. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 150:104753. [PMID: 31284099 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During accidental crude oil spills and permitted discharges of produced water into the marine environment, a large fraction of naturally occurring oil components will be contained in micron-sized oil droplets. Toxicity is assumed to be associated with the dissolved fraction of oil components, however the potential contribution of oil droplets to toxicity is currently not well known. In the present work we wanted to evaluate the contribution of oil droplets to effects on normal development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) through exposing embryos for 96 h to un-filtered (dispersions containing droplets) and filtered (water soluble fractions) dispersions in a flow-through system at dispersion concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 4.34 mg oil/L. After exposure, the embryos were kept in clean seawater until hatch when survival, development and morphology were assessed. The experiment was performed at two different stages of embryonic development to cover two potentially sensitive stages (gastrulation and organogenesis). Exposure of cod embryos to crude oil dispersions caused acute and delayed toxicity, including manifestation of morphological deformations in hatched larvae. Oil droplets appear to contribute to some of the observed effects including mortality, larvae condition (standard length, body surface, and yolk sac size), spinal deformations as well as alterations in craniofacial and jaw development. The timing of exposure may be essential for the development of effects as higher acute mortality was observed when embryos were exposed from the start of gastrulation (Experiment 1) than when exposed during organogenesis (Experiment 2). Even though low mortality was observed when exposed during organogenesis, concentration-dependent mortality was observed during recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iurgi Salaberria
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Ella Read
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Arvid Wold
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Anders J Olsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean AS, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tora Bardal
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin Kjørsvik
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|