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Del Piano F, Almroth BC, Lama A, Piccolo G, Addeo NF, Paciello O, Martino G, Esposito S, Mercogliano R, Pirozzi C, Meli R, Ferrante MC. Subchronic oral exposure to polystyrene microplastics affects hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative balance in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116455. [PMID: 38772140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pose a clear threat to aquatic organisms affecting their health. Their impact on liver homeostasis, as well as on the potential onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is still poorly investigated and remains almost unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of subchronic exposure to polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs; 1-20 μm; 0, 25, or 250 mg/kg b.w./day) on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative balance in the liver of gilthead seabreams (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758) exposed for 21 days via contaminated food. PS-MPs induced an up-regulation of mRNA levels of crucial genes associated with lipid synthesis and storage (i.e., PPARy, Srebp1, Fasn) without modifications of genes involved in lipid catabolism (i.e., PPARα, HL, Pla2) or transport and metabolism (Fabp1) in the liver. The increase of CSF1R and pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression (i.e., TNF-α and IL-1β) was also observed in exposed fish in a dose-dependent manner. These findings were confirmed by hepatic histological evaluations reporting evidence of lipid accumulation, inflammation, and necrosis. Moreover, PS-MPs caused the impairment of the hepatic antioxidant defense system through the alteration of its enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (glutathione) components, resulting in the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as biomarkers of oxidative damage. The alteration of detoxifying enzymes was inferred by the decreased Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and the increased activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) at the highest PS-MP dose. The study suggests that PS-MPs affect the liver health of gilthead seabream. The liver dysfunction and damage caused by exposure to PS-MPs result from a detrimental interplay of inflammation, oxidative damage, and antioxidant and detoxifying enzymatic systems modifications, altering the gut-liver axis homeostasis. This scenario is suggestive of the involvement of MP-induced effects in the onset and progression of hepatic lipid dysfunction in gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Del Piano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology - CIBIO, University of Trento, Povo, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Nicola Francesco Addeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Raffaelina Mercogliano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80137, Italy.
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Barrett NJ, Harper EM, Last KS, Reinardy HC, Peck LS. Behavioural and physiological impacts of low salinity on the sea urchin Echinus esculentus. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246707. [PMID: 38099430 PMCID: PMC10906488 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Reduced seawater salinity as a result of freshwater input can exert a major influence on the ecophysiology of benthic marine invertebrates, such as echinoderms. While numerous experimental studies have explored the physiological and behavioural effects of short-term, acute exposure to low salinity in echinoids, surprisingly few have investigated the consequences of chronic exposure, or compared the two. In this study, the European sea urchin, Echinus esculentus, was exposed to low salinity over the short term (11‰, 16‰, 21‰, 26‰ and 31‰ for 24 h) and longer term (21, 26 and 31‰ for 25 days). Over the short term, oxygen consumption, activity coefficient and coelomic fluid osmolality were directly correlated with reduced salinity, with 100% survival at ≥21‰ and 0% at ≤16‰. Over the longer term at 21‰ (25 days), oxygen consumption was significantly higher, feeding was significantly reduced and activity coefficient values were significantly lower than at control salinity (31‰). At 26‰, all metrics were comparable to the control by the end of the experiment, suggesting acclimation. Furthermore, beneficial functional resistance (righting ability and metabolic capacity) to acute low salinity was observed at 26‰. Osmolality values were slightly hyperosmotic to the external seawater at all acclimation salinities, while coelomocyte composition and concentration were unaffected by chronic low salinity. Overall, E. esculentus demonstrate phenotypic plasticity that enables acclimation to reduced salinity around 26‰; however, 21‰ represents a lower acclimation threshold, potentially limiting its distribution in coastal areas prone to high freshwater input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Barrett
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth M. Harper
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Kim S. Last
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Helena C. Reinardy
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
- Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Lloyd S. Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
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Athulya PA, Chandrasekaran N. Exposure of true to life microplastics to Donax faba under two different pH conditions: A microcosm approach. REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE 2023; 67:103197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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Baines C, Meitern R, Kreitsberg R, Fort J, Scharsack JP, Nogueira P, Giraudeau M, Sepp T. Correlations between oxidative DNA damage and formation of hepatic tumours in two flatfish species from contaminated environments. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220583. [PMID: 37254521 PMCID: PMC10230182 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species in aquatic environments face increased exposure to oncogenic pollution due to anthropogenic environmental change which can lead to higher cancer prevalence. The mechanistic relationship connecting environmental pollution and cancer is multi-factorial and poorly understood, and the specific mechanisms are so far still uncharacterized. One potential mediator between pollutant exposure and cancer is oxidative damage to DNA. We conducted a study in the field with two flatfish species, European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) and common dab (Limanda limanda L.) with overlapping distribution and similar ecological niche, to investigate if the link between oncogenic pollutants and cancer described in ecotoxicological literature could be mediated by oxidative DNA damage. This was not the case for flounders as neither polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bile metabolites nor metallic trace element concentrations were related to oxidative DNA damage measurements. However, dabs with higher PAH concentrations did exhibit increased oxidative damage. High oxidative DNA damage also did not predict neoplasm occurrence, rather, healthy individuals tended to have higher oxidative damage measurements compared to fishes with pre-neoplastic tumours. Our analyses showed that flounders had lower concentrations of PAH bile metabolites, suggesting that compared to dab this species is less exposed or better at eliminating these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Baines
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Harju County, Estonia
| | - Richard Meitern
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Randel Kreitsberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Jörn Peter Scharsack
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Pedro Nogueira
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Tuul Sepp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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Wang J, Sun L, Li X, Tao S, Wang F, Shi Y, Guan H, Yang Y, Zhao Z. Alkali exposure induces autophagy through activation of the MAPKpathway by ROS and inhibition of mTOR in Eriocheir sinensis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106481. [PMID: 36989924 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali water is widely distributed around the world, and salinization of water ecosystems has occurred in some areas of the world, comprising approximately one-third of the total land area, which has drawn much attention to the conservation of water ecosystems and aquatic animals. However, due to the complex composition of saline-alkaline water, many aquatic animals are unable to survive, which greatly limits the development and utilization of saline-alkaline waters. Carbonate alkalinity is an important stress factor for aquatic animals in saline-alkaline water. Exposure to highly alkaline carbonate can induce oxidative stress. For this study, we used Eriocheir sinensis as a model organism to evaluate the effects of alkaline stress on oxidative stress and autophagy. The trial was divided into five alkali level treatment groups (control, 4.375 mmol/L, 8.75 mmol/L, 17.5 mmol/L, and 35 mmol/L, respectively), and liver tissues were assessed by antioxidant enzyme kits, real-time quantitative PCR assays and ultrastructural observations at 3 time points (24 h, 48 h, 96 h). Compared with the control group, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)) in the alkali stress group increased and then decreased with increasing time, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. At the molecular level, the expression of MAPK pathway-related genes (P38, MAPK, JNK) in the alkaline stress group showed a dose-dependent increase at 48 and 96 h and was significantly higher than that in the control group. The expression of autophagy-related genes (ATG5, ATG12, ATG7 and GABARAP) increased dose-dependently at 24, 48, and 96 h and was significantly higher than that in the control group. In contrast, mTOR expression was always in a suppressed state. These results suggest that alkaline stress induces activation of the MAPK pathway via ROS and inhibits mTOR expression, thereby inducing autophagy in the liver tissue of Eriocheir sinensis. This study investigated the stress mechanism of carbonate on Eriocheir sinensis and provided a theoretical basis for the continued exploitation of saline-alkaline water aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Liujian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Harbin Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Heilongjiang 150028, China
| | - Ye Shi
- Harbin Eco-Evironmental Monitoring Centre, 150010, China
| | - Hongkun Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
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Kim MJ, Kim JA, Lee DW, Park YS, Kim JH, Choi CY. Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Disk Abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai) Caused by Water Temperature and pH Changes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051003. [PMID: 37237869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification can induce oxidative stress in marine species, resulting in cellular damage and apoptosis. However, the effects of pH and water temperature conditions on oxidative stress and apoptosis in disk abalone are poorly understood. This study investigated, for the first time, the effects of different water temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C) and pH levels (7.5 and 8.1) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in disk abalone by estimating levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the apoptosis-related gene caspase-3. We also visually confirmed apoptotic effects of different water temperatures and pH levels via in situ hybridization and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays. The levels of H2O2, MDA, SOD, CAT, and caspase-3 increased under low/high water temperature and/or low pH conditions. Expression of the genes was high under high temperature and low pH conditions. Additionally, the apoptotic rate was high under high temperatures and low pH conditions. These results indicate that changes in water temperature and pH conditions individually and in combination trigger oxidative stress in abalone, which can induce cell death. Specifically, high temperatures induce apoptosis by increasing the expression of the apoptosis-related gene caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Kim
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Kim
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Lee
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Park
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
- Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
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Messina S, Costantini D, Eens M. Impacts of rising temperatures and water acidification on the oxidative status and immune system of aquatic ectothermic vertebrates: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161580. [PMID: 36646226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Species persistence in the Anthropocene is dramatically threatened by global climate change. Large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from human activities are driving increases in mean temperature, intensity of heatwaves, and acidification of oceans and freshwater bodies. Ectotherms are particularly sensitive to CO2-induced stressors, because the rate of their metabolic reactions, as well as their immunological performance, are affected by environmental temperatures and water pH. We reviewed and performed a meta-analysis of 56 studies, involving 1259 effect sizes, that compared oxidative status or immune function metrics between 42 species of ectothermic vertebrates exposed to long-term increased temperatures or water acidification (≥48 h), and those exposed to control parameters resembling natural conditions. We found that CO2-induced stressors enhance levels of molecular oxidative damages in ectotherms, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes was upregulated only at higher temperatures, possibly due to an increased rate of biochemical reactions dependent on the higher ambient temperature. Differently, both temperature and water acidification showed weak impacts on immune function, indicating different direction (increase or decrease) of responses among immune traits. Further, we found that the intensity of temperature treatments (Δ°C) and their duration, enhance the physiological response of ectotherms, pointing to stronger effects of prolonged extreme warming events (i.e., heatwaves) on the oxidative status. Finally, adult individuals showed weaker antioxidant enzymatic responses to an increase in water temperature compared to early life stages, suggesting lower acclimation capacity. Antarctic species showed weaker antioxidant response compared to temperate and tropical species, but level of uncertainty in the antioxidant enzymatic response of Antarctic species was high, thus pairwise comparisons were statistically non-significant. Overall, the results of this meta-analysis indicate that the regulation of oxidative status might be one key mechanism underlying thermal plasticity in aquatic ectothermic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Messina
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - David Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS - 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Xiao Z, Cao L, Liu J, Cui W, Dou S. pCO 2-driven seawater acidification affects aqueous-phase copper toxicity in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus: Metal accumulation, antioxidant defenses and detoxification in livers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160040. [PMID: 36347280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification potentially influences the biotoxicity of metals and the antioxidant defense systems of marine organisms. This study investigated how pCO2-driven seawater acidification (SA) affected aqueous-phase copper (Cu) toxicity in the juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus from the perspective of hepatic oxidative stress and damage to better understand the mechanisms underlying the biological effects produced by the two stressors. Fish were exposed to aqueous-phase Cu at relevant ambient and polluted concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 μg L-1) at different pH levels (no SA: pH 8.10; moderate SA: pH 7.70, pCO2 ∼1353.89 μatm; extreme SA: pH 7.30, pCO2 ∼3471.27 μatm) for 28 days. A battery of biomarkers in the livers was examined to investigate their roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification in response to coexposure. Hepatic Cu accumulation (30.22-184.90 mg kg-1) was positively correlated with Cu concentrations. The biomarkers responded adaptively to different redox states following SA and Cu exposure. In unacidified seawater, increases in Cu concentrations significantly induced hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO, by up to 27.03 %), although compensatory responses in antioxidant defenses and detoxification were activated. Moderate SA helped maintain hepatic redox homeostasis and alleviated LPO through different defense strategies, depending on Cu concentrations. Under extreme SA, antioxidant-based defenses were activated to cope with oxidative stress at ambient-low Cu concentrations but failed to defend against Cu toxicity at polluted Cu levels, and LPO (by up to 63.90 %) was significantly induced. Additionally, thiols (GSH and MT) responded actively to cope with Cu toxicity under SA. SOD, CAT, EROD, and GST were also sensitively involved in defending against hepatic oxidative stress during coexposure. These findings highlight the notable interactive effects of SA and Cu and provide a basis for understanding antioxidant-based defenses in marine fish confronting environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Liang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinhu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenting Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shuozeng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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Zeng J, Li J, Yang K, Yan J, Xu T, Lu W. Differential Branchial Response of Low Salinity Challenge Induced Prolactin in Active and Passive Coping Style Olive Flounder. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913233. [PMID: 35846010 PMCID: PMC9277578 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress coping styles are very common in fish, and investigations into this area can greatly improve fish welfare and promote the sustainable development of aquaculture. Although most studies have focused on the behavioral and physiological differences of these fishes, the endocrine response of different coping styles fish when undergoing salinity challenge is still unclear. We examined the physiological response in olive flounder with active coping (AC) style and passive coping (PC) style after transferred from seawater (SW) to freshwater for 0, 2, 5, 8, and 14 days. The results showed that: 1) the plasma prolactin level of FW-acclimated AC flounder was substantially higher than that of FW-acclimated PC flounder at 5, 8, and 14 days, and the branchial gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in AC flounder was slightly higher than PC flounder after transfer. While there was no remarkable difference observed in cortisol (COR) levels between AC and PC flounder. After transfer, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in AC flounder was significantly higher compared with PC flounder at 8 days. 2) Branchial NKA-IR ionocytes numbers were reduced in PC flounder after transfer, while ionocytes number remain stable in AC flounder. 3) The branchial stem cell transcription factor foxi1 gene expression of AC flounder was significantly higher than PC flounder at 2, 5, and 14 days after transfer, while branchial stem cell transcription factor p63 gene expression of FW-acclimated AC flounder was only substantially higher than that of PC flounder at 5 days. 4) As an apoptosis upstream initiator, the branchial gene expression of caspase-9 in PC flounder was considerably higher than in AC flounder after transfer at 8 days. This study revealed that olive flounder with active and passive coping styles have different endocrine coping strategies after facing the low-salinity challenge. AC flounder adopt an active endocrine strategy by increasing ionocyte differentiation and prolactin secretion significantly. In contrast, PC flounder employ a passive strategy of reducing ionocytes differentiation and retaining prolactin content at a low level to reduce branchial ionocytes number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Zeng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Yan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianchun Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiqun Lu,
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Borburema HDS, Yokoya NS, Souza JMCD, Nauer F, Barbosa-Silva MS, Marinho-Soriano E. Ocean warming and increased salinity threaten Bostrychia (Rhodophyta) species from genetically divergent populations. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 178:105662. [PMID: 35642998 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere have resulted in global change, such as ocean warming and sea level rise. Increased salinity in estuaries is expected as a result of sea level rise and warming. Thus, we analysed the interactive effects of increased temperature and salinity on multiple physiological responses of Bostrychia montagnei and B. calliptera from two biogeographic provinces, Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (TSA) and Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic (WTSA). Macroalgae were cultured under three salinities (15, 25 and 35 PSU) and three temperatures: mean sea surface temperature (SST: 27 °C for TSA and 24 °C for WTSA), an RCP8.5 ocean warming scenario (SST + 5 °C), and a maximum temperature to test the algal upper thermal tolerance limits (RCP8.5 + 2 °C). Macroalgae from both localities decreased their growth under increased temperature and salinity. RCP8.5 + 2 °C was lethal for both macroalgae from TSA. RCP8.5 and RCP8.5 + 2 °C at 35 PSU were lethal for B. calliptera from WTSA, due to the interactive effects between increased temperature and salinity. Overall, increased salinity decreased the effective quantum yield and relative electron transport rate in algal photosynthesis. Our results demonstrated that the macroalgae synthesized proteins, carbohydrates (polysaccharides and low molecular weight carbohydrates), and antioxidants to tolerate detrimental temperatures and salinities. Our results also demonstrated that the macroalgae adjusted their pigment contents (phycobiliproteins, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll a) for efficient light-harvesting under thermal and saline stress. Our findings suggest that ocean warming and increased salinity in estuaries will be detrimental to B. montagnei and B. calliptera populations from both biogeographic provinces, especially to those from TSA that already live closer to their upper thermal tolerance limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique D S Borburema
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil.
| | - Nair S Yokoya
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Martinez Canuto de Souza
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Fabio Nauer
- Biodiversity Conservation Center, Environmental Research Institute, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Stephanne Barbosa-Silva
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Eliane Marinho-Soriano
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Via Costeira, Mãe Luiza, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
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