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Soriano Y, Gimeno-García E, Campo J, Hernández-Crespo C, Andreu V, Picó Y. Exploring organic and inorganic contaminant histories in sediment cores across the anthropocene: Accounting for site/area dependent factors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134168. [PMID: 38603905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Sedimentary records help chronologically identify anthropogenic contamination in environmental systems. This study analysed dated sediment cores from L'Albufera Lake (Valencia, Spain), to assess the occurrence of heavy metals (HMs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), pesticides and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). The results evidence the continuing vertical presence of all types of contaminants in this location. The sediment age was difficult to establish. However, the presence of shells together with an historical estimation and the knowledge of sedimentary rates could help. HMs contents are higher in the upper layer reflecting the most recent increase of the industrial and agricultural practices in the area since the middle 20th century. Higher availability index of these HMs in the upper sediment layers is associated with point and diffuse contamination sources in the area. PAHs and OPFRs were homogeneous distributed through the sediments with few exceptions such as phenanthrene in the North and fluoranthene in the South. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were detected throughout the sediment core while short-chain PFASs (except perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA)) were detected only in the top layer. Pesticides and PPCPs showed appreciable down-core mobility. The vertical concentration profiles of organic contaminants did not exhibit a clear trend with depth, then, it is difficult to develop a direct relationship between sediment age and contaminant concentrations, and to elucidate the historical trend of contamination based on dated sediment core. Consequently, linking contaminant occurrence in sediments directly to their historical use is somewhat speculative at least in the conditions of L'Albufera Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Soriano
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eugenia Gimeno-García
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julián Campo
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Crespo
- Water and Environmental Engineering University Research Institute (IIAMA), Polytechnic Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
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Li JN, Zhang Y, Wang JX, Hu J, Lu XM, Xie WX, Zhang ZF, Tang ZH. Methylated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road dust, green belt soil and parking lot dust: occurrence, spatial distribution and emission sources. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:162. [PMID: 38592579 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Convenient transportation facilities not only bring the higher standard of living to big cities, but also bring some environmental pollution problems. In order to understand the presence and sources of methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Me-PAHs) in environmental samples and their association with total organic carbon (TOC), 49 Me-PAHs were analyzed in road dust, green belt soil and parking lot dust samples in Harbin. The results showed that the ranges of the total Me-PAHs (ΣMe-PAHs) content in road dust were 221-5826 ng/g in autumn and 697-7302 ng/g in spring, and those in green belt soil were 170-2509 ng/g and 155-9215 ng/g in autumn and spring, respectively. And ΣMe-PAHs content in parking lot dust ranged from 269 to 2515 ng/g in surface parking lots and from 778 to 10,052 ng/g in underground parking lots. In these samples, the composition profile of Me-PAHs was dominated by 4-ring Me-PAHs. The results of diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that petrogenic and pyrogenic sources were the main sources of Me-PAHs in the samples. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation for Me-PAHs in road dust and green belt soil on the same road. Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship (0.12 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.67, P < 0.05) between Me-PAHs concentrations and the TOC content. This study demonstrated the presence of Me-PAHs with high concentrations in the road environment samples of Harbin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Nong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jie Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xi-Mei Lu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Xi Xie
- Qiqihar Environmental Monitoring Station, No. 571, Bukuinan Street, Longsha DistrictHeilongjiang Province, Qiqihar City, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Polar Academy, Harbin, 150090, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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3
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Andrade ADC, Fernandes GM, Martins DA, Cavalcante RM, Chaves MRB, de Souza AA, da S Filho JP, Nascimento RF, de Lima SG. Concentrations, sources and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Parnaiba Delta basin, Northeast Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140889. [PMID: 38081521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Parnaíba River is the main river in the Parnaíba Delta basin, the largest delta in the Americas. About 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified and the environmental risk associated with the sediments was evaluated. The study found that PAHs levels ranged from 5.92 to 1521.17 ng g-1, which was classified as low to high pollution, and that there were multiple sources of pollution along the river, with pyrolytic sources predominating, mainly from urban activity such as trucking, although the influence of rural activity cannot be ruled out. PAHs correlated with black carbon and organic matter and showed high correlation with acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(ghi)perylene, and ∑PAHs. The benzo(a)pyrene levels were classified as a risk to aquatic life because the threshold effect level and the probable effect level were exceeded. In addition, the sediments were classified as slightly contaminated with a benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent value of 108.43 ng g-1. Thus, the priority level PAH exhibited carcinogenic and mutagenic activity that posed a potential risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analine D C Andrade
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica (LAGO), Universidade Federal Do Piauí (UFPI), Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos (LACOr), Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos (LACOr), Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos (LACOr), Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Avenida Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michel R B Chaves
- Universidade Federal Do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. João Alberto, 700, 65700-000, Bacabal, MA, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal Do Piauí (UFPI), Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Jeremias P da S Filho
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Natureza, Universidade Federal Do Piauí (UFPI), Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sidney G de Lima
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica (LAGO), Universidade Federal Do Piauí (UFPI), Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Fernandes GM, Martins DDA, de Oliveira AHB, de Lima MFB, Reddy CM, Nelson RK, Cavalcante RM. Hydrocarbon markers for assessing the influence of human activities in the tropical semi-arid region (Acaraú River, state of Ceará, Brazil). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140227. [PMID: 37758093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are facing increasing anthropogenic stressors, including rapid urbanization rates and extensive fossil fuel usage. Nevertheless, the distribution of hydrocarbons in the Brazilian semi-arid region remains relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we analyzed ten surface sediment samples (0-2 cm) along the banks of the Acaraú River to assess the chronic contributions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The Acaraú River is a crucial riverine-estuarine area in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer were used to identify target compounds: 45 PAHs, 27 n-alkanes (C10-C38), and two isoprenoids. At most stations, the predominant grain size was sand, and the organic carbon content was less than 1%. The total n-alkanes concentration ranged from 14.1 to 170.0 μg g-1, while individual pristane and phytane concentrations ranged from not detected (nd) to 0.4 μg g-1 and nd to 0.7 μg g-1, respectively. These concentrations resemble those found in unpolluted sediments and are lower compared to samples from urbanized coastal areas. The total USEPA PAHs concentration varied from 157.8 to 1364 ng g-1, leading to the characterization of sediment samples as moderately polluted. Based on diagnostic ratios calculated from both alkane and PAH concentrations, the sediment samples were predominantly deriving from pyrolytic sources, with some contribution from petrogenic sources. The most abundant group was 5-ring PAHs (mean: 47.3 ± 36.7%), followed by 3-ring PAHs (mean: 17.9 ± 13.7%). This predominance indicates a pyrolytic origin of hydrocarbons in the Acaraú River. The concentrations reported here were representative of the level of background hydrocarbons in the region. Regarding the sediment quality assessment, BaP TPE calculated for the Acaraú River ranged from 13.2 to 1258.4 ng g-1 (mean: 409.3 ± 409.4 ng g-1). When considering site-specific sediment quality values for the coast of the state of Ceará, half of the stations are classified as strongly contaminated, and toxic effects are expected to occur (SQGq >0.25) for the ∑16 PAHs measured in the samples, especially due to dibenz [a,h]anthracene concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Davi de A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andre H B de Oliveira
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Laboratory for Environmental Studies (LEA), Federal University of Ceará - Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Campus do Pici s/n, Bloco 938/939, Brazil
| | - Marcielly F B de Lima
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Šajnović A, Burazer N, Veselinović G, Stojadinović S, Gajica G, Trebše P, Glavaš N, Jovančićević B. Changes in hydrocarbons and elemental distribution in peloids during maturation processes (Sečovlje Salina Nature Park Slovenia). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165424. [PMID: 37429466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In Sečovlje Salina Nature Park, the therapeutic mud matured in the natural sedimentary environmental site. This work aimed to determine the influence of the peloid maturation process on the hydrocarbon and elemental distributions, as well as changes in morphology. For this purpose, the sample before and after maturation was examined using various methods. n-Alkanes were the most abundant among saturated hydrocarbons in both immature and mature peloid samples. The results showed that the maturation mainly influenced the change in distribution and concentration (from 378 to 1958 ppm) of n-alkanes. The organic matter (OM) of the immature peloid sample was characterized by a slight prevalence of long-chain and odd carbon-numbered n-alkanes, maximizing at n-C27. However, mature peloid's OM showed a similar share of short-, mid- and long-chain n-alkanes with a slight dominance of short-chain members, maximizing at n-C16. The origin of short-chain and even carbon-numbered n-alkanes was attributed to microbial precursors (e.g., Leptolyngbyaceae). Hopanes were considerably more dominant compared to steranes in both peloids. The hopane series of immature peloid was characterized by the dominance of 22,29,30-trinor-hop-5(6)-ene (C27 hopene), as well as the presence of C30-hop-22(29)-ene (diploptene), which are widespread in cyanobacterial species. The aromatic fraction of immature peloid pointed to the predominance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). As peloid aging progressed, the sample was richer in methyl-branched alkanes, carboxylic acids, their methyl esters, and thermodynamically more stable hopanes and steranes. The presence of elements with toxicological relevance during maturation was reduced below the limits prescribed in most of the directives for cosmetic products. It specifically refers to: As, Ni and Se. A higher concentration of total sulfur in the mature peloid can be related to gypsum precipitation in the summer and/or more intensive microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Šajnović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - N Burazer
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - G Veselinović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - S Stojadinović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - G Gajica
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - P Trebše
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - N Glavaš
- SOLINE Pridelava soli d.o.o, Seča 115, 6320 Portorož, Slovenia.
| | - B Jovančićević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Neves PA, Santos FR, Araújo LD, Taniguchi S, Ferreira PAL, Figueira RCL, Lourenço RA, Bícego MC. Unusual natural polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment cores of an Amazon estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114059. [PMID: 36029583 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) most likely derived from natural sources were observed in two sediment cores covering the last 100 years in an Amazon estuarine region. A considerable change in the PAHs main source was observed in the 1960s. Before the 1960s, the sources of PAHs seem to be related to biogenic and/or early-diagenetic processes. Concentrations of perylene were higher before the 1960s and suggest that its primary source to the sediments in the Amazon region is linked to a short-term diagenetic transformation of their biogenic precursors. The natural formation of alkylated PAHs in sediments was linked to the methylation of the parental aromatic hydrocarbons due to sediment maturation processes and the dehydrogenation of sterols in the sediments. The relatively rapid reaction occurring in recent sediments of the Amazon region suggests the importance of the microbial community in the transformation of biogenic precursors to alkylated-PAHs in the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Neves
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Santos
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil.
| | - Lígia D Araújo
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Paulo A L Ferreira
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Rubens C L Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
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Santos FR, Morais PCV, Nascimento RF, Cavalcante RM. Tracking the historical urban and rural sources of fecal pollution in a South American tropical semi-arid region using sterols and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156497. [PMID: 35675885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sterols and endocrine-disrupting chemicals were analyzed in two dated sediment cores collected in the Jaguaribe river to determine the recent decades' influence of urbanization and agropastoral activities on the inputs of fecal pollution in a semi-arid region of Brazil. Stigmasterol and sitosterol were the most abundant of the 6 sterols examined in both cores, indicating an important contribution of organic matter from mangrove forests to the study region. Coprostanol presented a continuous increase in concentrations from the 1930s to the 2000s in one core, however, showing higher concentrations (>100 ng g-1) in the upper layers of both cores. The sterols diagnostic ratios indicated fecal pollution through both cores, especially from the 1940s to 1970s. The coprostanol levels followed the variations in population growth in the state of Ceará. Estriol and estrone were the most abundant estrogenic hormones found in both cores. These compounds are probably related to the intense livestock activities in the Ceará state, especially after the 1970s. The baseline levels of fecal sterols and estrogen hormones found in this study possibly represent a previous unimpacted scenario and may be used for future evaluations of fecal pollution from urbanization and livestock activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R Santos
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pollyana C V Morais
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Souza IS, Santos FR, Martins DA, Morais PCV, Gama AF, Nascimento RF, Cavalcante RM, Abessa DMS. Dealing with complex contamination scenarios: using a multi-geochemical approach to assess environmental quality and identify pollution sources in a semi-arid estuary from Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:567. [PMID: 35792964 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Jundiaí-Potengi Estuary (EJP) is located on the semi-arid coast of northeastern Brazil and is influenced by multiple sources of contamination. The sediment quality of EJP was assessed by using a multi-geochemical approach during the dry and wet seasons. Sediments were analyzed for concentrations of nutrients, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, hormones (natural and synthetic), and sterols. The results were integrated by multivariate methods. The sediment was altered by the presence of contaminants from anthropogenic and natural sources. The middle and lower estuarine areas were considered more degraded in both seasons. In these regions, metals, hormones, sterols, and PAHs were found, indicating that these regions are severely affected by industrial, sanitary and aquaculture effluents, combustion of fossil fuels, and oil spills. The upstream region was contaminated by pesticides. The contamination pattern along the EJP shows the prevalence of local sources which continuously release the chemicals into the estuary. Worse conditions occurred during the rainy season, when the runoff from urban and rural areas is more intense and carries a greater load of contaminants to the EJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanildo S Souza
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande Do Norte (IFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1559, Natal, RN, 59015-000, Brazil.
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil.
| | - Felipe R Santos
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, BL 340, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455760, Brazil
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Pollyana C V Morais
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Allyne F Gama
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, BL 340, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455760, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
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Eldos HI, Zouari N, Saeed S, Al-Ghouti MA. Recent advances in the treatment of PAHs in the environment: Application of nanomaterial-based technologies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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10
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Fernandes GM, Martins DA, Dos Santos RP, de Santiago IS, Nascimento LS, Oliveira AHB, Yamamoto FY, Cavalcante RM. Levels, source appointment, and ecological risk of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal ecosystems (northeast Brazil): Baseline for future monitoring programmes of an oil spill area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118709. [PMID: 34942290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed 20 years of levels, sources, and environmental risks related to the main petroleum hydrocarbons in the northeast region of Brazil. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to serve as a comprehensive baseline for future monitoring programmes related to the oil spill disaster in 2019/2020. Most contamination levels of both PAHs and AHs were classified as low, except those in specific areas influenced by human activities, such as ports, highly urbanised mangroves, or rivers of medium-sized cities with inadequate liquid and solid waste treatment. Most hydrocarbons were linked to natural sources and burning processes, except in regions of extraction activities and petrochemical facilities as well as highly urbanised areas, where degraded petroleum and oil hydrocarbons predominated. Only 2.5% of the samples exceeded threshold effect levels for ∑16-PAHs and no samples exceeded probable effect levels. When regional threshold levels were used, however, the probable effect for the ∑16-PAHs measured was high, ranging from 5.8 to 6.1%. The few studies reporting biological responses showed that hydrocarbons from anthropogenic sources can induce adverse effects on marine organisms even at low to moderate levels. As the region has recently received a considerable quantity of crude oil, studies should be prioritised for a more precise assessment of the impact of this oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ithala S de Santiago
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lorena S Nascimento
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceará - Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto, Campus do Pici s/n, Bloco 938/939, Brazil
| | - Flávia Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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11
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Zhang Y, Cheng D, Lei Y, Song J, Xia J. Spatiotemporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of a typical river located in the Loess Plateau, China: Influence of human activities and land-use changes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127744. [PMID: 34839980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Loess Plateau, as the key energy base of China, has sensitive responses to the global changes, and receives polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from anthropogenic activities. However, understanding how anthropogenic and climate factors affect synergistically the PAHs distribution in this vulnerable ecological environment is deficient. Here the spatiotemporal distribution of PAHs in sediments from a typical river of the Loess Plateau were investigated. The PAHs were mainly from coal combustion in the range of 194-514 ng g-1, and their concentrations were generally higher in normal season than wet season as the dilution effect of high river discharge and strong precipitation. The interactive effects of land-use and precipitation showed PAHs enriched in forest-grass land were transferred into rivers through surface and subsurface runoff during light rainfall, resulting in the increase of the PAHs concentrations in river sediments. In contrast, large precipitation in wet season would obscure any spatial variations. In addition, human activities, especially energy production, directly enhanced PAHs accumulation in river sediments due to the emission from the production processing of oil and coal, and indirectly influenced the PAHs by impacting the per capita GDP. These findings had important implications for the management and prediction of PAH accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Dandong Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Yali Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; SINOMA International Engineering CO., LTD., Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Jinxi Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Jun Xia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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12
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Souza MRR, Suzarte JS, Carmo LO, Santos E, Soares LS, Júnior ARV, Santos LGGV, Krause LC, Damasceno FC, Frena M, Alexandre MR. Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three environmental components from a tropical estuary in Northeast Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112726. [PMID: 34343757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of occurrence, risk quotient (RQ), bioaccumulation factor (BAF), and sources of PAH was conducted in Sergipe-Poxim estuarine system. PAH distribution that ranged from 7.1 to 30.9 ng L-1 (surface water, SW), 5.4 to 19.5 ng g-1 (sediment, S), and 4.3 to 18.1 ng g-1 (oyster, O), characterized the environment with low contamination; 2-3 (SW), 5-6 (S), and 4 (O) PAH rings accounted for 54.5%, 68.7%, and 87.7%, respectively, along with naphthalene (SW), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (S), and pyrene (O) as the prevailing compounds. PCA suggested the predominance of particular groups related to SW (LMW-PAH), S (HMW-PAH), and O (pyrene and fluoranthene). Furthermore, one sample of O presented a high PAH bioavailability as shown through the BAF, with emphasis on pyrene (BAF = 26.8). The RQ showed a low to moderate range in SW and S; hence, in-depth information about the possible toxic effect in organisms of this region is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R R Souza
- Tiradentes University, Industrial Biotechnology Graduate Program, Aracaju, Sergipe SE 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Jaiane S Suzarte
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Laiane O Carmo
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Santos
- Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
| | - Laiane S Soares
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Antônio R V Júnior
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lukas G G V Santos
- Sergipe Technology Research Institute, Aracaju, Sergipe, SE 49020-380, Brazil
| | - Laiza C Krause
- Tiradentes University, Industrial Biotechnology Graduate Program, Aracaju, Sergipe SE 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Flaviana C Damasceno
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Morgana Frena
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Chemistry Department, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Alexandre
- Federal University of Sergipe, Chemistry Department, São Cristóvão, Sergipe SE 49100-000, Brazil; Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Providence, RI 02912, United States of America
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13
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Timoszczuk CT, Dos Santos FR, Araújo LD, Taniguchi S, Lourenço RA, de Mahiques MM, de Lima Ferreira PA, Lopes Figueira RC, Neves PA, Prates D, Bícego MC. Historical deposition of PAHs in mud depocenters from the Southwestern Atlantic continental shelf: The influence of socio-economic development and coal consumption in the last century. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117469. [PMID: 34058503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were determined in four dated sediment cores collected in mud depocenters of the southern Brazilian continental shelf. Core dating results covered the interval between 1925 and 2017. The total PAH concentrations (ΣPAHs) ranged from 44.69 ng g-1 to 305.43 ng g-1 and were similar between the analysed cores. Fine-grained sediments and total organic carbon (TOC) results did not correlate with the ΣPAHs, indicating that the variations in PAH concentrations are mostly related to variations in sources and emissions. PAH source appointment indicated a high input of a natural compound (perylene) and the predominance of anthropogenic PAHs from coal, biomass, and fuel combustion. Alkylated PAHs presented high contributions throughout all cores. The historical deposition of PAHs was associated with different periods of the socio-economic and industrial development of near coastal cities and reflected very well the history of coal production and consumption in the southern region of Brazil. The low levels of ΣPAHs before 1945 in all analysed cores may be related to the beginning of the industrialization process and the lower urbanization degree in the region. Between 1945 and 1965, the gradual ΣPAHs increase reflects the establishment and enlargement of the southern Brazilian industrial sector. The interval between 1965 and 1990 corresponded to the highest ΣPAHs in three of the four analysed cores. After 1990, a relative decrease in the ΣPAHs was observed in most cores and may be related the multiple cuts of incentives to the industrial usage of coal, as well as to Brazil's efforts in environmental regulation for coal extraction and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Taboada Timoszczuk
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lígia Dias Araújo
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Energia e Ambiente da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-010, Avenida Professor Luciano Gualberto, 1289, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alves de Lima Ferreira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Andrade Neves
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Prates
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Xia J, Zhang W, Ferguson AC, Mena KD, Özgökmen TM, Solo-Gabriele HM. A novel method to evaluate chemical concentrations in muddy and sandy coastal regions before and after oil exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116102. [PMID: 33277065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills can result in changes in chemical concentrations along coastlines. In prior work, these concentration changes were used to evaluate the date sediment was impacted by oil (i.e., oil exposure date). The objective of the current study was to build upon prior work by using the oil exposure date to compute oil spill chemical (OSC) concentrations in shoreline sediments before and after exposure. The new method was applied to OSC concentration measures collected during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with an emphasis on evaluating before and after concentrations in muddy versus sandy regions. The procedure defined a grid that overlaid coastal areas with chemical concentration measurement locations. These grids were then aggregated into clusters to allow the assignment of chemical concentration measurements to a uniform coastal type. Performance of the method was illustrated for ten chemicals individually by cluster, and collectively for all chemicals and all clusters. Results show statistically significant differences between chemical concentrations before and after the calculated oil exposure dates (p < 0.04 for each of the 10 chemicals within the identified clusters). When aggregating all chemical measures collectively across all clusters, chemical concentrations were lower before oil exposure in comparison to after (p < 0.0001). Sandy coastlines exhibited lower chemical concentrations relative to muddy coastlines (p < 0.0001). Overall, the method developed is a useful first step for establishing baseline chemical concentrations and for assessing the impacts of disasters on sediment quality within different coastline types. Results may be also useful for assessing added ecological and human health risks associated with oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Xia
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248294, Coral Gables, FL, 33146 - 0630, USA; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149-1031, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149-1031, USA; Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, 300 Forrestal Road, Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540-6654, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 201 Forrestal Road, Princeton, NJ 08540-6649, USA.
| | - Alesia C Ferguson
- Department of Built Environment, College of Science and Technology, 110 Price Hall, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
| | - Kristina D Mena
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas - Houston School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tamay M Özgökmen
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149-1031, USA.
| | - Helena M Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248294, Coral Gables, FL, 33146 - 0630, USA.
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15
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Pichler N, Maria de Souza F, Ferreira Dos Santos V, Martins CC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the amazon coast: Evidence for localized sources in contrast to massive regional biomass burning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115958. [PMID: 33176946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon coastal zone has become contaminated with organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, information about their distribution and sources in this area is scarce, despite increasing deforestation and oil exploitation. Therefore, individual PAHs were analysed in the sediments of the Oyapock estuary, which is located in the Amazon coastal zone. This study provides information about the spatial and short-term temporal distributions of PAHs and discusses the major sources of PAHs to better understand the anthropogenic processes occurring in adjacent areas. The concentrations of all sixteen priority PAHs defined by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency, ∑16PAHs) ranged from 10.9 to 138.8 ng g-1 with a mean and standard deviation = 37.9 ± 20.5 and indicated that this estuary is not contaminated, while the mean levels were similar to those found in other Amazon regions and pristine areas along the coast of Brazil. No significant differences were found in the sedimentary PAHs levels between the wet and dry sampling campaigns, despite the different climatic conditions. Diagnostic ratios, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and cluster analysis have shown that the majority of the investigated PAHs were derived from combustion processes (at least 55.1%, as estimated by the PMF model). Localized source inputs from oil and its by-products concomitantly with natural/biogenic sources appear to be secondary sources. The PAH contribution from biomass and wood combustion was approximately 13.6% and was relatively lower than other regions of the Amazon that are undergoing massive biomass burning. As the first study of PAHs in this region, this study provides vital information on the healthy state of the estuary and can serve as a baseline for assessing the impacts of acute oil disasters or the chronic input of PAHs as a result of human settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Pichler
- Centro de Estudos Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fernanda Maria de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas Do Estado Do Amapá, Centro de Pesquisas Aquáticas, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, S/n, Fazendinha, 68903-197, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Valdenira Ferreira Dos Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas Do Estado Do Amapá, Centro de Pesquisas Aquáticas, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, S/n, Fazendinha, 68903-197, Macapá, AP, Brazil; Universidade Federal Do Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km-02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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16
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An Overview and Evaluation of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols Removal from Wastewater. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds had been widely recognized as priority organic pollutants in wastewater with toxic effects on both plants and animals. Thus, the remediation of these pollutants has been an active area of research in the field of environmental science and engineering. This review highlighted the advantage of adsorption technology in the removal of PAHs and phenols in wastewater. The literature presented on the applications of various porous carbon materials such as biochar, activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene as potential adsorbents for these pollutants has been critically reviewed and analyzed. Under similar conditions, the use of porous polymers such as Chitosan and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been well presented. The high adsorption capacities of advanced porous materials such as mesoporous silica and metal-organic frameworks have been considered and evaluated. The preference of these materials, higher adsorption efficiencies, mechanism of adsorptions, and possible challenges have been discussed. Recommendations have been proposed for commercialization, pilot, and industrial-scale applications of the studied adsorbents towards persistent organic pollutants (POPs) removal from wastewater.
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17
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Zhao Y, Chen W, Wen D. The effects of crude oil on microbial nitrogen cycling in coastal sediments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105724. [PMID: 32305744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil could affect certain critical microbial processes of nitrogen cycling (N-cycling) in coastal sediments, and disturb the nitrogen balance. However, the understanding of the effects of crude oil on coastal sediments N-cycling under human disturbance was still limited. In this study, two sediments (named SY and HB with heavy and slight pollution, respectively) were sampled from Hangzhou Bay, China. After an incubation with exposure to different amounts of crude oil in above two sediments for 30 days, we found that crude oil affected microbial N-cycling in multiple levels. Potential rate measurements revealed that crude oil stimulated potential denitrification and N2O emissions in both sediments, which showed a higher influence on denitrification rates in higher concentration of oil. Quantitative PCR revealed that crude oil greatly increased abundances of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes and N-cycling genes (nirS, nosZ, nrfA, part of AOA and AOB amoA). On the other hand, only a few genes (16S rRNA and nrfA) showed higher transcriptional activities in oil-addition treatments. Results about relative changes of N-cycling genes revealed that the variations of N-cycling genes in oil-addition treatments were related to sediment types but not crude oil concentrations, and the genes in HB were more sensitive to crude oil than SY. Network analysis of N-cycling genes found that crude oil decreased the complexity of N-cycling gene networks in SY, while increased complexity in HB, and led to more competition among N-cycling microbes. Our findings help to look into the effects of crude oil on key N-cycling processes, and improve the understanding of the interactions among N-cycling under crude oil contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Donghui Wen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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18
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Araujo FJ, Hissa DC, Silva GO, Antunes ASLM, Nogueira VLR, Gonçalves LRB, Melo VMM. A novel bacterial carboxylesterase identified in a metagenome derived-clone from Brazilian mangrove sediments. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3919-3928. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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