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Febriyanto K, Rahman FF, Guedes JCC. The physical and psychological effects of occupational noise among seafarers: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2674-2686. [PMID: 37820712 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2266703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The aims were to highlight noise levels on board and the health effects of noise on seafarers. Data was collected from multiple databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ebsco Host. Initially, the search resulted in a total of 197 articles, 16 were chosen. Several ships were found which most sailors had noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) (n = 6). The engine room has been defined as having the highest level of noise. In addition, noise exposure was associated with hearing loss, tinnitus, sleep disturbances, communication difficulties, poor concentration, dizziness, depression, anxiety, headache, fatigue, and stress. Noise exposure is not the only factor that causes health problems: the duration of exposure while working, years of career as a maritime worker, age, lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption), and even hobbies related to loud sound (such as concert/disco attendance, listen to loud music, etc.) were associated with the adverse health effects experienced by seafarers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kresna Febriyanto
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Fadzlul Rahman
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia
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2
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Larayedh R, Cornuelle BD, Krokos G, Hoteit I. Numerical investigation of shipping noise in the Red Sea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5851. [PMID: 38462653 PMCID: PMC10925598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Underwater noise pollution is a significant environmental issue that can have detrimental effects on marine ecosystems. One of the main sources of underwater noise pollution is ship traffic, which has been shown to negatively impact marine animals by masking communication signals and altering their behaviors. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of underwater ship noise in the Red Sea, wherein noise maps of ships sailing through the main shipping lane in the Red Sea were simulated by integrating both anthropogenic and environmental variables. These maps offer valuable insights for policymakers, enabling them to make informed decisions and implement targeted mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Larayedh
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruce D Cornuelle
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - George Krokos
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Hoteit
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Johnston ST, Painter KJ. Avoidance, confusion or solitude? Modelling how noise pollution affects whale migration. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:17. [PMID: 38374001 PMCID: PMC10875784 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Many baleen whales are renowned for their acoustic communication. Under pristine conditions, this communication can plausibly occur across hundreds of kilometres. Frequent vocalisations may allow a dispersed migrating group to maintain contact, and therefore benefit from improved navigation via the "wisdom of the crowd". Human activities have considerably inflated ocean noise levels. Here we develop a data-driven mathematical model to investigate how ambient noise levels may inhibit whale migration. Mathematical models allow us to simultaneously simulate collective whale migration behaviour, auditory cue detection, and noise propagation. Rising ambient noise levels are hypothesised to influence navigation through three mechanisms: (i) diminished communication space; (ii) reduced ability to hear external sound cues and; (iii) triggering noise avoidance behaviour. Comparing pristine and current soundscapes, we observe navigation impairment that ranges from mild (increased journey time) to extreme (failed navigation). Notably, the three mechanisms induce qualitatively different impacts on migration behaviour. We demonstrate the model's potential predictive power, exploring the extent to which migration may be altered under future shipping and construction scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart T Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Kevin J Painter
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Scienze, Progetto e Politiche del Territorio (DIST), Politecnico di Torino, 39, 10125, Turin, Italy
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Basan F, Fischer JG, Putland R, Brinkkemper J, de Jong CAF, Binnerts B, Norro A, Kühnel D, Ødegaard LA, Andersson M, Lalander E, Tougaard J, Griffiths ET, Kosecka M, Edwards E, Merchant ND, de Jong K, Robinson S, Wang L, Kinneging N. The underwater soundscape of the North Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115891. [PMID: 38101054 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
As awareness on the impact of anthropogenic underwater noise on marine life grows, underwater noise measurement programs are needed to determine the current status of marine areas and monitor long-term trends. The Joint Monitoring Programme for Ambient Noise in the North Sea (JOMOPANS) collaborative project was funded by the EU Interreg to collect a unique dataset of underwater noise levels at 19 sites across the North Sea, spanning many different countries and covering the period from 2019 to 2020. The ambient noise from this dataset has been characterised and compared - setting a benchmark for future measurements in the North Sea area. By identifying clusters with similar sound characteristics in three broadband frequency bands (25-160 Hz, 0.2-1.6 kHz, and 2-10 kHz), geographical areas that are similarly affected by sound have been identified. The measured underwater sound levels show a persistent and spatially uniform correlation with wind speed at high frequencies (above 1 kHz) and a correlation with the distance from ships at mid and high frequencies (between 40 Hz and 4 kHz). Correlation with ocean current velocity at low frequencies (up to 200 Hz), which are susceptible to nonacoustic contamination by flow noise, was also evaluated. These correlations were evaluated and simplified linear scaling laws for wind and current speeds were derived. The presented dataset provides a baseline for underwater noise measurements in the North Sea and shows that spatial variability of the dominant sound sources must be considered to predict the impact of noise reduction measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Basan
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Germany.
| | - J-G Fischer
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Germany
| | - R Putland
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), United Kingdom
| | - J Brinkkemper
- WaterProof Marine Consultancy & Services B.V., Netherlands
| | - C A F de Jong
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Netherlands
| | - B Binnerts
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Netherlands
| | - A Norro
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Belgium
| | - D Kühnel
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Germany
| | - L-A Ødegaard
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), Norway
| | - M Andersson
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Sweden
| | - E Lalander
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Sweden
| | - J Tougaard
- Aarhus University (AU), Department of Ecoscience, Denmark
| | - E T Griffiths
- Aarhus University (AU), Department of Ecoscience, Denmark
| | - M Kosecka
- Marine Scotland (MS), United Kingdom
| | - E Edwards
- Marine Scotland (MS), United Kingdom
| | - N D Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), United Kingdom
| | - K de Jong
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Norway
| | - S Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), United Kingdom
| | - L Wang
- National Physical Laboratory (NPL), United Kingdom
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Frankish CK, von Benda-Beckmann AM, Teilmann J, Tougaard J, Dietz R, Sveegaard S, Binnerts B, de Jong CAF, Nabe-Nielsen J. Ship noise causes tagged harbour porpoises to change direction or dive deeper. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115755. [PMID: 37976591 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Shipping is the most pervasive source of marine noise pollution globally, yet its impact on sensitive fauna remains unclear. We tracked 10 harbour porpoises for 5-10 days to determine exposure and behavioural reactions to modelled broadband noise (10 Hz-20 kHz, VHF-weighted) from individual ships monitored by AIS. Porpoises spent a third of their time experiencing ship noise above ambient, to which they regularly reacted by moving away during daytime and diving deeper during night. However, even ships >2 km away (noise levels of 93 ± 14 dB re 1 μPa2) caused animals to react 5-9 % of the time (∼18.6 ships/day). Ships can thus influence the behaviour and habitat use of cetaceans over long distances, with worrying implications for fitness in coastal areas where anthropogenic noise from dense ship traffic repeatedly disrupt their natural behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin K Frankish
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Alexander M von Benda-Beckmann
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied and Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas Teilmann
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jakob Tougaard
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Signe Sveegaard
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bas Binnerts
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied and Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Christ A F de Jong
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied and Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Nabe-Nielsen
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Oppeneer VO, de Jong CAF, Binnerts B, Wood MA, Ainslie MA. Modelling sound particle motion in shallow watera). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:4004-4015. [PMID: 38153268 DOI: 10.1121/10.0022576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Fish species and aquatic invertebrates are sensitive to underwater sound particle motion. Studies on the impact of sound on marine life would benefit from sound particle motion models. Benchmark cases and solutions are proposed for the selection and verification of appropriate models. These include a range-independent environment, with and without shear in the sediment, and a range-dependent environment, without sediment shear. Analysis of the acoustic impedance illustrates that sound particle velocity can be directly estimated from the sound pressure field in shallow water scenarios, except at distances within one wavelength of the source, or a few water depths at frequencies where the wavelength exceeds the water depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O Oppeneer
- TNO Acoustics and Sonar, Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Christ A F de Jong
- TNO Acoustics and Sonar, Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Binnerts
- TNO Acoustics and Sonar, Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A Wood
- JASCO Applied Sciences (UK) Ltd, The Flint Barn, St Clair's Farm, Wickham Road, Droxford, Hampshire, SO32 3PW, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Ainslie
- JASCO Applied Sciences (Deutschland) GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Straße 9, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
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Finite Element Solution for Dynamic Mechanical Parameter Influence on Underwater Sound Absorption of Polyurethane-Based Composite. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314760. [PMID: 36499088 PMCID: PMC9738733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Underwater noise pollution, mainly emitted by shipping and ocean infrastructure development of human activities, has produced severe environmental impacts on marine species and seabed habitats. In recent years, a polyurethane-based (PU-based) composite with excellent damping performance has been increasingly utilized as underwater sound absorption material by attaching it to equipment surfaces. As one of the key parameters of damping materials, dynamic mechanical parameters are of vital importance to evaluating the viscoelastic damping property and thus influencing the sound absorption performance. Nevertheless, lots of researchers have not checked thoroughly the relationship and the mechanism of the material dynamic mechanical parameters and its sound absorption performance. In this work, a finite element model was fabricated and verified effectively using acoustic pulse tube tests to investigate the aforementioned issues. The influence of the dynamic mechanical parameters on underwater sound absorption performance was systematically studied with the frequency domain to reveal the mechanism and the relationship between damping properties and the sound absorption of the PU-based composite. The results indicate that the internal friction of the molecular segments and the structure stiffness were the two main contributors of the PU-based composite's consumption of sound energy, and the sound absorption peak and the sound absorption coefficient could be clearly changed by adjusting the dynamic mechanical parameters of the composite. This study will provide helpful guidance to develop the fabrication and engineering applications of the PU-based composite with outstanding underwater sound absorption performance.
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Merchant ND, Putland RL, André M, Baudin E, Felli M, Slabbekoorn H, Dekeling R. A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 228:None. [PMID: 36133796 PMCID: PMC9472084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Underwater noise from human activities is now widely recognised as a threat to marine life. Nevertheless, legislation which directly addresses this source of pollution is lacking. The first (and currently only) example globally is Descriptor 11 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), adopted by the European Union in 2008, which requires that levels of underwater noise pollution do not adversely affect marine ecosystems. The MSFD has stimulated a concerted research effort across Europe to develop noise monitoring programmes and to conduct research towards specifying threshold values which would define 'Good Environmental Status' (GES) for underwater noise. Here, we chart the progress made during the first decade of Descriptor 11's implementation: 2010-2020. Several international joint monitoring programmes have been established for impulsive and continuous noise, enabling ecosystem-scale assessment for the first time. Research into the impact of noise on individual animals has grown exponentially, demonstrating a range of adverse effects at various trophic levels. However, threshold values for GES must be defined for 'populations of marine animals.' Population-level consequences of noise exposure can be modelled, but data to parameterise such models are currently unavailable for most species, suggesting that alternative approaches to defining GES thresholds will be necessary. To date, the application of measures to reduce noise levels (quieting/noise abatement) has been limited. To address this, the EU in 2021 identified an explicit need to reduce underwater noise pollution in its waters. Delivering on this ambition will require further research focused on the development and implementation of quieting measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rosalyn L. Putland
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Michel André
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mario Felli
- Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Hans Slabbekoorn
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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