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Collins RT, Gravenhorst V, Faury G, Kwiatkowska J, Schmelzer CEH, Schneider H, Waldoch A, Pankau R. Clinical Care for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Williams-Beuren Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2024:e036997. [PMID: 39291481 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.036997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a congenital multisystem disorder affecting the cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. Cardiovascular abnormalities, which consist principally of vascular stenoses, occur in approximately 80% of people with WBS and are the predominant cause of early morbidity and mortality. Supravalvar aortic stenosis and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis are the most common stenotic lesions in WBS, though other stenoses often occur, including stenoses of the coronary arteries. Approximately one-third of people with WBS undergo cardiovascular interventions. The risk of sudden cardiac death is markedly higher than the general population, with most events occurring in the periprocedural period. Because of the rarity of WBS and the often-complex nature of the cardiovascular abnormalities, most physicians, including cardiologists, have limited experience in caring for patients with WBS. Further, heretofore, clinical cardiovascular management guidelines based on international expert consensus have not been available. This state-of-the-art review provides a comprehensive synopsis of the cardiovascular abnormalities in WBS and presents clinical management guidelines based on the authors' expert consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY USA
| | - Verena Gravenhorst
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Gilles Faury
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300 CHU Grenoble France
| | - Joanna Kwiatkowska
- Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects Department Medical University of Gdańsk Poland
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Department of Biological and Macromolecular Materials Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Heike Schneider
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Anna Waldoch
- Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects Department Medical University of Gdańsk Poland
| | - Rainer Pankau
- Department of Pediatrics University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Germany
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White SE, Karbasion N, Snider JC, Florian-Rodriguez M, Bersi MR, Miller KS. Remodeling of murine vaginal smooth muscle function with reproductive age and elastic fiber disruption. Acta Biomater 2024; 175:186-198. [PMID: 38151068 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Advanced maternal age during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of vaginal tearing during delivery and maladaptive postpartum healing. Although the underlying mechanisms of age-related vaginal injuries are not fully elucidated, changes in vaginal microstructure may contribute. Smooth muscle cells promote the contractile nature of the vagina and contribute to pelvic floor stability. While menopause is associated with decreased vaginal smooth muscle content, whether contractile changes occur before the onset of menopause remains unknown. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to quantify the active mechanical behavior of the murine vagina with age. Further, aging is associated with decreased vaginal elastin content. As such, the second objective was to determine if elastic fiber disruption alters vaginal contractility. Vaginal samples from mice aged 2-14 months were used in maximum contractility experiments and biaxial extension-inflation protocols. To evaluate the role of elastic fibers with age, half of the vaginal samples were randomly allocated to enzymatic elastic fiber disruption. Contractile potential decreased and vaginal material stiffness increased with age. These age-related changes in smooth muscle function may be due, in part, to changes in microstructural composition or contractile gene expression. Furthermore, elastic fiber disruption had a diminished effect on smooth muscle contractility in older mice. This suggests a decreased functional role of elastic fibers with age. Quantifying the age-dependent mechanical contribution of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers to vaginal properties provides a first step towards better understanding how age-related changes in vaginal structure may contribute to tissue integrity and healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Advanced maternal age at the time of pregnancy is linked to increased risks of vaginal tearing during delivery, postpartum hemorrhaging, and the development of pelvic floor disorders. While the underlying causes of increased vaginal injuries with age and associated pathologies remain unclear, changes in vaginal microstructure, such as elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells, may contribute. Menopause is associated with fragmented elastic fibers and decreased smooth muscle content; however, how reproductive aging affects changes in the vaginal composition and the mechanical properties remains unknown. Quantifying the mechanical contribution of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers to vaginal properties with age will advance understanding of the potential structural causes of age-related changes to tissue integrity and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Niyousha Karbasion
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Caleb Snider
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Florian-Rodriguez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew R Bersi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristin S Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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Hoareau M, El Kholti N, Debret R, Lambert E. Characterization of the Zebrafish Elastin a ( elnasa12235) Mutant: A New Model of Elastinopathy Leading to Heart Valve Defects. Cells 2023; 12:1436. [PMID: 37408270 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastic fibers are extracellular macromolecules that provide resilience and elastic recoil to elastic tissues and organs in vertebrates. They are composed of an elastin core surrounded by a mantle of fibrillin-rich microfibrils and are essentially produced during a relatively short period around birth in mammals. Thus, elastic fibers have to resist many physical, chemical, and enzymatic constraints occurring throughout their lives, and their high stability can be attributed to the elastin protein. Various pathologies, called elastinopathies, are linked to an elastin deficiency, such as non-syndromic supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), and autosomal dominant cutis laxa (ADCL). To understand these diseases, as well as the aging process related to elastic fiber degradation, and to test potential therapeutic molecules in order to compensate for elastin impairments, different animal models have been proposed. Considering the many advantages of using zebrafish, we here characterize a zebrafish mutant for the elastin a paralog (elnasa12235) with a specific focus on the cardiovascular system and highlight premature heart valve defects at the adult stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hoareau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université de Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Naïma El Kholti
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université de Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Romain Debret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université de Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Lambert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Université de Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, F-69367 Lyon, France
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Huang Z, Tan Y. The Potential of Cylindromatosis (CYLD) as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathologies: A Comprehensive Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8368. [PMID: 37176077 PMCID: PMC10179184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) arises as a consequence of an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanisms to neutralize them. Excessive ROS production can lead to the damage of critical biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, ultimately contributing to the onset and progression of a multitude of diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Cylindromatosis (CYLD), initially identified as a gene linked to familial cylindromatosis, has a well-established and increasingly well-characterized function in tumor inhibition and anti-inflammatory processes. Nevertheless, burgeoning evidence suggests that CYLD, as a conserved deubiquitination enzyme, also plays a pivotal role in various key signaling pathways and is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases driven by oxidative stress. In this review, we systematically examine the current research on the function and pathogenesis of CYLD in diseases instigated by oxidative stress. Therapeutic interventions targeting CYLD may hold significant promise for the treatment and management of oxidative stress-induced human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China;
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Trębacz H, Barzycka A. Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030574. [PMID: 36979509 PMCID: PMC10046833 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tissues must be elastic, much like other materials that work under continuous loads without losing functionality. The elasticity of tissues is provided by elastin, a unique protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammals. Its function is to endow soft tissues with low stiffness, high and fully reversible extensibility, and efficient elastic-energy storage. Depending on the mechanical functions, the amount and distribution of elastin-rich elastic fibers vary between and within tissues and organs. The article presents a concise overview of the mechanical properties of elastin and its role in the elasticity of soft tissues. Both the occurrence of elastin and the relationship between its spatial arrangement and mechanical functions in a given tissue or organ are overviewed. As elastin in tissues occurs only in the form of elastic fibers, the current state of knowledge about their mechanical characteristics, as well as certain aspects of degradation of these fibers and their mechanical performance, is presented. The overview also outlines the latest understanding of the molecular basis of unique physical characteristics of elastin and, in particular, the origin of the driving force of elastic recoil after stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Trębacz
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelika Barzycka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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He W, Wu F, Xiong H, Zeng J, Gao Y, Cai Z, Pang J, Zheng Y. Promoting TFEB nuclear localization with curcumin analog C1 attenuates sensory hair cell injury and delays age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6 mice. Neurotoxicology 2023; 95:218-231. [PMID: 36792013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Sensory hair cell (HC) injuries, especially outer hair cell (OHC) loss, are well-documented to be the primary pathology of age-related hearing loss (AHL). Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in HC injury in the inner ear. In our previous works, a decline in autophagy levels and HC loss were found to occur simultaneously in the inner ears of aged C57BL/6 mice, and the administration of rapamycin promoted autophagy levels, which reduced OHC loss and delayed AHL, but the underlying mechanism of autophagy in AHL has not been well elucidated. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), an autophagy regulator and the downstream target of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is involved in the pathological development of neurodegenerative disease. This study would address the link between autophagy and TFEB in aged C57BL/6 mouse cochleae and clarify the effect of the TFEB activator curcumin analog C1 (C1) in aged cochleae. Decreased TFEB nuclear localization (p = 0.0371) and autophagy dysfunction (p = 0.0273) were observed in the cochleae of aged C57BL/6 mice that exhibited AHL, HCs loss and HCs senescence. Treatment with C1 promoted TFEB nuclear localization and restored autophagy, subsequently alleviating HC injury and delaying AHL. The protective effect of C1 on HEI-OC1 cells against autophagy disorder and aging induced by D-galactose was abolished by chloroquine, which is one of the commonly used autophagy inhibitors. Overall, our results demonstrated that the capacity to perform autophagy is mediated by the nuclear localization of TFEB in aged C57BL/6 mouse cochleae. C1 promotes the nuclear localization of TFEB, subsequently alleviating HC injury and delaying AHL by restoring the impaired autophagy function. TFEB may serve as a new therapeutic target for AHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhui He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbo Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yiqing Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Hearing and Speech-Language Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gueldner PH, Marini AX, Li B, Darvish CJ, Chung TK, Weinbaum JS, Curci JA, Vorp DA. Mechanical and matrix effects of short and long-duration exposure to beta-aminopropionitrile in elastase-induced model abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100098. [PMID: 37152846 PMCID: PMC10160690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the mechanical and matrix effects on abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) during the initial aortic dilation and after prolonged exposure to beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) in a topical elastase AAA model. Methods Abdominal aortae of C57/BL6 mice were exposed to topical elastase with or without BAPN in the drinking water starting 4 days before elastase exposure. For the standard AAA model, animals were harvested at 2 weeks after active elastase (STD2) or heat-inactivated elastase (SHAM2). For the enhanced elastase model, BAPN treatment continued for either 4 days (ENH2b) or until harvest (ENH2) at 2 weeks; BAPN was continued until harvest at 8 weeks in one group (ENH8). Each group underwent assessment of aortic diameter, mechanical testing (tangent modulus and ultimate tensile strength [UTS]), and quantification of insoluble elastin and bulk collagen in both the elastase exposed aorta as well as the descending thoracic aorta. Results BAPN treatment did not increase aortic dilation compared with the standard model after 2 weeks (ENH2, 1.65 ± 0.23 mm; ENH2b, 1.49 ± 0.39 mm; STD2, 1.67 ± 0.29 mm; and SHAM2, 0.73 ± 0.10 mm), but did result in increased dilation after 8 weeks (4.3 ± 2.0 mm; P = .005). After 2 weeks, compared with the standard model, continuous therapy with BAPN did not have an effect on UTS (24.84 ± 7.62 N/cm2; 18.05 ± 4.95 N/cm2), tangent modulus (32.60 ± 9.83 N/cm2; 26.13 ± 9.10 N/cm2), elastin (7.41 ± 2.43%; 7.37 ± 4.00%), or collagen (4.25 ± 0.79%; 5.86 ± 1.19%) content. The brief treatment, EHN2b, resulted in increased aortic collagen content compared with STD2 (7.55 ± 2.48%; P = .006) and an increase in UTS compared with ENH2 (35.18 ± 18.60 N/cm2; P = .03). The ENH8 group had the lowest tangent modulus (3.71 ± 3.10 N/cm2; P = .005) compared with all aortas harvested at 2 weeks and a lower UTS (2.18 ± 2.18 N/cm2) compared with both the STD2 (24.84 ± 7.62 N/cm2; P = .008) and ENH2b (35.18 ± 18.60 N/cm2; P = .001) groups. No differences in the mechanical properties or matrix protein concentrations were associated with abdominal elastase exposure or BAPN treatment for the thoracic aorta. The tangent modulus was higher in the STD2 group (32.60 ± 9.83 N/cm2; P = .0456) vs the SHAM2 group (17.99 ± 5.76 N/cm2), and the UTS was lower in the ENH2 group (18.05 ± 4.95 N/cm2; P = .0292) compared with the ENH2b group (35.18 ± 18.60 N/cm2). The ENH8 group had the lowest tangent modulus (3.71 ± 3.10 N/cm2; P = .005) compared with all aortas harvested at 2 weeks and a lower UTS (2.18 ± 2.18 N/cm2) compared with both the STD2 (24.84 ± 7.62 N/cm2; P = .008) and ENH2b (35.18 ± 18.60 N/cm2; P = .001) groups. Abdominal aortic elastin in the STD2 group (7.41 ± 2.43%; P = .035) was lower compared with the SHAM2 group (15.29 ± 7.66%). Aortic collagen was lower in the STD2 group (4.25 ± 0.79%; P = .007) compared with the SHAM2 group (12.44 ± 6.02%) and higher for the ENH2b (7.55 ± 2.48%; P = .006) compared with the STD2 group. Conclusions Enhancing an elastase AAA model with BAPN does not affect the initial (2-week) dilation phase substantially, either mechanically or by altering the matrix content. Late mechanical and matrix effects of prolonged BAPN treatment are limited to the elastase-exposed segment of the aorta. Clinical Relevance This paper explores the use of short- and long-term exposure to beta-aminopropionitrile to create an enhanced topical elastase abdominal aortic aneurysm model in mice. Readouts of aneurysm severity included loss of mechanical stability and vascular extracellular matrix composition reminiscent of what is seen in the course of human disease. Additionally, we show that the thoracic aorta, unlike the findings below the renal arteries, is not damaged in our animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete H. Gueldner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ande X. Marini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Cyrus J. Darvish
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Timothy K. Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Justin S. Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John A. Curci
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - David A. Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Karachaliou C, Sgourou A, Kakkos S, Kalavrouziotis I. Arsenic exposure promotes the emergence of cardiovascular diseases. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:467-486. [PMID: 34253004 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies conducted in the past decade 2010-2020 refer to the impact of arsenic (As) exposure on cardiovascular risk factors. The arsenic effect on humans is complex and mainly depends on the varying individual susceptibilities, its numerous toxic expressions and the variation in arsenic metabolism between individuals. In this review we present relevant data from studies which document the association of arsenic exposure with various biomarkers, the effect of several genome polymorphisms on arsenic methylation and the underling molecular mechanisms influencing the cardiovascular pathology. The corresponding results provide strong evidence that high and moderate-high As intake induce oxidative stress, inflammation and vessel endothelial dysfunction that are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and in particular hypertension, myocardial infarction, carotid intima-media thickness and stroke, ventricular arrhythmias and peripheral arterial disease. In addition, As exposure during pregnancy implies risks for blood pressure abnormalities among infants and increased mortality rates from acute myocardial infarction during early adulthood. Low water As concentrations are associated with increased systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure, coronary heart disease and incident stroke. For very low As concentrations the relevant studies are few. They predict a risk for myocardial infarction, stroke and ischemic stroke and incident CVD, but they are not in agreement regarding the risk magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Karachaliou
- School of Science and Technology, Lab. of Sustainable Waste Technology Management, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Argyro Sgourou
- School of Science and Technology, Biology Lab, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Kakkos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School of Patras, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kalavrouziotis
- School of Science and Technology, Lab. of Sustainable Waste Technology Management, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
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Boëté Q, Lo M, Liu KL, Vial G, Lemarié E, Rougelot M, Steuckardt I, Harki O, Couturier A, Gaucher J, Bouyon S, Demory A, Boutin-Paradis A, El Kholti N, Berthier A, Pépin JL, Briançon-Marjollet A, Lambert E, Debret R, Faury G. Physiological Impact of a Synthetic Elastic Protein in Arterial Diseases Related to Alterations of Elastic Fibers: Effect on the Aorta of Elastin-Haploinsufficient Male and Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13464. [PMID: 36362244 PMCID: PMC9656458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Elastic fibers, made of elastin (90%) and fibrillin-rich microfibrils (10%), are the key extracellular components, which endow the arteries with elasticity. The alteration of elastic fibers leads to cardiovascular dysfunctions, as observed in elastin haploinsufficiency in mice (Eln+/-) or humans (supravalvular aortic stenosis or Williams-Beuren syndrome). In Eln+/+ and Eln+/- mice, we evaluated (arteriography, histology, qPCR, Western blots and cell cultures) the beneficial impact of treatment with a synthetic elastic protein (SEP), mimicking several domains of tropoelastin, the precursor of elastin, including hydrophobic elasticity-related domains and binding sites for elastin receptors. In the aorta or cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from these animals, SEP treatment induced a synthesis of elastin and fibrillin-1, a thickening of the aortic elastic lamellae, a decrease in wall stiffness and/or a strong trend toward a reduction in the elastic lamella disruptions in Eln+/- mice. SEP also modified collagen conformation and transcript expressions, enhanced the aorta constrictive response to phenylephrine in several animal groups, and, in female Eln+/- mice, it restored the normal vasodilatory response to acetylcholine. SEP should now be considered as a biomimetic molecule with an interesting potential for future treatments of elastin-deficient patients with altered arterial structure/function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Boëté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ming Lo
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR5305-LBTI, CNRS, Lyon-7, Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Kiao-Ling Liu
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR5305-LBTI, CNRS, Lyon-7, Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Vial
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emeline Lemarié
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Rougelot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Iris Steuckardt
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olfa Harki
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Axel Couturier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jonathan Gaucher
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandra Demory
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Boutin-Paradis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Naima El Kholti
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR5305-LBTI, CNRS, Lyon-7, Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Aurore Berthier
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR5305-LBTI, CNRS, Lyon-7, Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Elise Lambert
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR5305-LBTI, CNRS, Lyon-7, Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Romain Debret
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR5305-LBTI, CNRS, Lyon-7, Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Faury
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, U1300, 38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Matrix Regeneration Ability In Situ Induced by a Silk Fibroin Small-Caliber Artificial Blood Vessel In Vivo. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183754. [PMID: 36145899 PMCID: PMC9502482 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of a small-caliber artificial vascular graft in the host in order to obtain functional tissue regeneration and remodeling remains a great challenge in clinical application. In our previous work, a silk-based, small-caliber tubular scaffold (SFTS) showed excellent mechanical properties, long-term patency and rapid endothelialization capabilities. On this basis, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the vascular reconstruction process after implantation to replace the common carotid artery in rabbits. The new tissue on both sides of the SFTSs at 1 month was clearly observed. Inside the SFTSs, the extracellular matrix (ECM) was deposited on the pore wall at 1 month and continued to increase during the follow-up period. The self-assembled collagen fibers and elastic fibers were clearly visible in a circumferential arrangement at 6 months and were similar to autologous blood vessels. The positive expression rate of Lysyl oxidase-1 (LOXL-1) was positively correlated with the formation and maturity of collagen fibers and elastic fibers. In summary, the findings of the tissue regeneration processes indicated that the bionic SFTSs induced in situ angiogenesis in defects.
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11
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Procknow SS, Kozel BA. Emerging mechanisms of elastin transcriptional regulation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C666-C677. [PMID: 35816641 PMCID: PMC9448287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00228.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elastin provides recoil to tissues that stretch such as the lung, blood vessels, and skin. It is deposited in a brief window starting in the prenatal period and extending to adolescence in vertebrates, and then slowly turns over. Elastin insufficiency is seen in conditions such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and elastin-related supravalvar aortic stenosis, which are associated with a range of vascular and connective tissue manifestations. Regulation of the elastin (ELN) gene occurs at multiple levels including promoter activation/inhibition, mRNA stability, interaction with microRNAs, and alternative splicing. However, these mechanisms are incompletely understood. Better understanding of the processes controlling ELN gene expression may improve medicine's ability to intervene in these rare conditions, as well as to replace age-associated losses by re-initiating elastin production. This review describes what is known about the ELN gene promoter structure, transcriptional regulation by cytokines and transcription factors, and posttranscriptional regulation via mRNA stability and micro-RNA and highlights new approaches that may influence regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Procknow
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Beth A Kozel
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Ames PRJ, D'Andrea G, Marottoli V, Arcaro A, Iannaccone L, Maraglione M, Gentile F. Earlier onset of peripheral arterial thrombosis in homozygous MTHFR C677T carriers than in other MTHFR genotypes: a cohort study. Clin Exp Med 2022; 23:503-509. [PMID: 35362772 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether age at first presentation of pure peripheral arterial thrombosis (PAT) in lower and upper limbs and in the splanchnic circulation occurs earlier in carriers of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) T677T genotype compared to the heterozygous and wild type and to identify predictors of a possible earlier onset. Retrospective cohort study on 27 MTHFR TT, 29 MTHFR TC and 29 MTHFR CC participants; data regarding age, sex, age at PAT, clinical history (dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity) and homocysteine (HC) measured by immunoassay were collected. Age at PAT was lower in MTHFR TT than MTHFR TC and CC (43 ± 9 vs 47 ± 9 vs 51 ± 4 years, respectively, p = 0.02); plasma HC was higher in MTHFR TT than in the other groups (25 ± 19 vs 12.7 ± 6.7 vs 11.3 ± 3.3 μmol/l, respectively, p < 0.001) while the activated partial thromboplastin ratio (aPTTr) was lower in MTHFR TT than in other genotypes (0.90 ± 0.10 vs 0.97 ± 0.12 vs 0.97 ± 0.08 μmol/L p < 0.001). Among categorical variables, MTHFR TT and dyslipidaemia independently predicted age at AT (p = 0.01 & p = 0.03, respectively) whereas among the continuous variables HC independently predicted age at PAT (p = 0.02) as well as the aPTTr (p = 0.001); smoking predicted lower limb PAT (p = 0.005). MTHFR TT carriers develop their first PAT an average of 4 and 8 years earlier than MTHF CT and CC genotypes; MTHFR TT, dyslipidaemia and plasma HC contribute to the prematurity of the PAT while the interplay between elevated HC and smoking may affect type of arterial district occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R J Ames
- Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Cargenbridge, Dumfries, DG2 8RX, Scotland, UK.
| | - Giovanna D'Andrea
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Arcaro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences'V. Tiberio', University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Maraglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gentile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences'V. Tiberio', University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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13
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Wang K, Meng X, Guo Z. Elastin Structure, Synthesis, Regulatory Mechanism and Relationship With Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:596702. [PMID: 34917605 PMCID: PMC8670233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.596702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the primary component of elastic fibers, elastin plays an important role in maintaining the elasticity and tensile ability of cardiovascular, pulmonary and many other tissues and organs. Studies have shown that elastin expression is regulated by a variety of molecules that have positive and negative regulatory effects. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. Moreover, elastin is reportedly involved in the development and progression of many cardiovascular diseases through changes in its expression and structural modifications once deposited in the extracellular matrix. This review article summarizes the role of elastin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, atherosclerosis, and atrial fibrillation, with emphasis on the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Meng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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14
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Apelin expression deficiency in mice contributes to vascular stiffening by extracellular matrix remodeling of the aortic wall. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22278. [PMID: 34782679 PMCID: PMC8593139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous recent studies have shown that in the continuum of cardiovascular diseases, the measurement of arterial stiffness has powerful predictive value in cardiovascular risk and mortality and that this value is independent of other conventional risk factors, such as age, cholesterol levels, diabetes, smoking, or average blood pressure. Vascular stiffening is often the main cause of arterial hypertension (AHT), which is common in the presence of obesity. However, the mechanisms leading to vascular stiffening, as well as preventive factors, remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of apelin deficiency on the vascular stiffening and wall remodeling of aorta in mice. This factor freed by visceral adipose tissue, is known for its homeostasic role in lipid and vascular metabolisms, or again in inflammation. We compared the level of metabolic markers, inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), and aortic wall remodeling from functional and structural approaches in apelin-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice. Apelin-deficient mice were generated by knockout of the apelin gene (APL-KO). From 8 mice by groups, aortic stiffness was analyzed by pulse wave velocity measurements and by characterizations of collagen and elastic fibers. Mann-Whitney statistical test determined the significant data (p < 5%) between groups. The APL-KO mice developed inflammation, which was associated with significant remodeling of visceral WAT, such as neutrophil elastase and cathepsin S expressions. In vitro, cathepsin S activity was detected in conditioned medium prepared from adipose tissue of the APL-KO mice, and cathepsin S activity induced high fragmentations of elastic fiber of wild-type aorta, suggesting that the WAT secretome could play a major role in vascular stiffening. In vivo, remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen accumulation and elastolysis, was observed in the aortic walls of the APL-KO mice, with the latter associated with high cathepsin S activity. In addition, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and AHT were increased in the APL-KO mice. The latter could explain aortic wall remodeling in the APL-KO mice. The absence of apelin expression, particularly in WAT, modified the adipocyte secretome and facilitated remodeling of the ECM of the aortic wall. Thus, elastolysis of elastic fibers and collagen accumulation contributed to vascular stiffening and AHT. Therefore, apelin expression could be a major element to preserve vascular homeostasis.
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15
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Bensimon-Brito A, Boezio GLM, Cardeira-da-Silva J, Wietelmann A, Ramkumar S, Lundegaard PR, Helker CSM, Ramadass R, Piesker J, Nauerth A, Mueller C, Stainier DYR. Integration of multiple imaging platforms to uncover cardiovascular defects in adult zebrafish. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2665-2687. [PMID: 34609500 PMCID: PMC9491864 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mammalian models have been instrumental in investigating adult heart function and human disease. However, electrophysiological differences with human hearts and high costs motivate the need for non-mammalian models. The zebrafish is a well-established genetic model to study cardiovascular development and function; however, analysis of cardiovascular phenotypes in adult specimens is particularly challenging as they are opaque. Methods and results Here, we optimized and combined multiple imaging techniques including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography to identify and analyse cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish. Using alk5a/tgfbr1a mutants as a case study, we observed morphological and functional cardiovascular defects that were undetected with conventional approaches. Correlation analysis of multiple parameters revealed an association between haemodynamic defects and structural alterations of the heart, as observed clinically. Conclusion We report a new, comprehensive, and sensitive platform to identify otherwise indiscernible cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Giulia L M Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group MRI and µ-CT, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pia R Lundegaard
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Vascular, Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for all aspects of vascular pathobiology. In vascular disease the balance of its structural components is shifted. In atherosclerotic plaques there is in fact a dynamic battle between stabilizing and proinflammatory responses. This review explores the most recent strides that have been made to detail the active role of the ECM - and its main binding partners - in driving atherosclerotic plaque development and destabilization. RECENT FINDINGS Proteoglycans-glycosaminoglycans (PGs-GAGs) synthesis and remodelling, as well as elastin synthesis, cross-linking, degradation and its elastokines potentially affect disease progression, providing multiple steps for potential therapeutic intervention and diagnostic targeted imaging. Of note, GAGs biosynthetic enzymes modulate the phenotype of vascular resident and infiltrating cells. In addition, while plaque collagen structure exerts very palpable effects on its immediate surroundings, a new role for collagen is also emerging on a more systemic level as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease as well as a target for selective drug-delivery. SUMMARY The importance of studying the ECM in atherosclerosis is more and more acknowledged and various systems are being developed to visualize, target and mimic it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysostomi Gialeli
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö
- Department of Cardiology, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
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17
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Mechanobiology of the arterial tissue from the aortic root to the diaphragm. Med Eng Phys 2021; 96:64-70. [PMID: 34565554 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Arterial tissue microstructure and its mechanical properties directly correlate with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm. Experienced hemodynamic loads are the primary factor of arterial tissue remodeling. By virtue of altering hemodynamic loads along the arterial tree, respective structure-function relations will be region-dependent. Since, there is limited experimental evidence on these structure-function homeostases, the current study, aims to report microstructural and mechanical alterations along the aorta from the aortic root up to the diaphragm, where intense hemodynamic alterations take place. The ascending, arch, and descending parts of the same cadaveric aortas were investigated by histomechanical examinations. Anatomical landmarks were labeled on the specimens, and then biaxial tensile tests were conducted on samples from each region. Furthermore, area fractions of elastin and collagen were measured on stained sections of the tissue. Also, a fragmentation index of elastin tissue is proposed for quantitative measurement of ECM integrity, which correlates with the nature of experienced hemodynamic loads. For the ascending aorta and the aortic arch, different values for mechanical properties and fragmentation index are observed even in a specific cross-section of the artery. It is primarily due to the complex loading regimes and curved geometry. Conversely, microstructural and mechanical features along the descending aorta exhibited minimal variations, and hence, smooth blood flow and pressure waves are expected in this region, which is well-documented in the literature. Both of the microstructural and mechanical features of the aorta vary along the arterial tree depending on the hemodynamic and geometric complexities they incur and may shed light on the initiation of cardiovascular diseases.
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18
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Ben Zemzem A, Genevaux A, Wahart A, Bodey AJ, Blaise S, Romier-Crouzet B, Jonquet J, Bour C, Cogranne R, Beauseroy P, Dauchez M, Sherratt MJ, Debelle L, Almagro S. X-ray microtomography reveals a lattice-like network within aortic elastic lamellae. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21844. [PMID: 34473371 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100323rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The arterial wall consists of three concentric layers: intima, media, and adventitia. Beyond their resident cells, these layers are characterized by an extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides both biochemical and mechanical support. Elastin, the major component of arterial ECM, is present in the medial layer and organized in concentric elastic lamellae that confer resilience to the wall. We explored the arterial wall structures from C57Bl6 (control), db/db (diabetic), and ApoE-/- (atherogenic) mice aged 3 months using synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography on fixed and unstained tissues with a large image field (8 mm3 ). This approach combined a good resolution (0.83 µm/voxel), large 3D imaging field. and an excellent signal to noise ratio conferred by phase-contrast imaging. We determined from 2D virtual slices that the thickness of intramural ECM structures was comparable between strains but automated image analysis of the 3D arterial volumes revealed a lattice-like network within concentric elastic lamellae. We hypothesize that this network could play a role in arterial mechanics. This work demonstrates that phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography is a powerful technique which to characterize unstained soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïcha Ben Zemzem
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Aline Genevaux
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Amandine Wahart
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Sébastien Blaise
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Jessica Jonquet
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Camille Bour
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Rémi Cogranne
- Troyes University of Technology, UMR CNRS 6281 ICD/ROSAS/LM2S, Troyes, France
| | - Pierre Beauseroy
- Troyes University of Technology, UMR CNRS 6281 ICD/ROSAS/LM2S, Troyes, France
| | - Manuel Dauchez
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laurent Debelle
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sébastien Almagro
- CNRS UMR7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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19
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Adeva-Andany MM, Adeva-Contreras L, Fernández-Fernández C, González-Lucán M, Funcasta-Calderón R. Elastic tissue disruption is a major pathogenic factor to human vascular disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4865-4878. [PMID: 34129188 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are essential components of the arterial extracellular matrix. They consist of the protein elastin and an array of microfibrils that support the protein and connect it to the surrounding matrix. The elastin gene encodes tropoelastin, a protein that requires extensive cross-linking to become elastin. Tropoelastin is expressed throughout human life, but its expression levels decrease with age, suggesting that the potential to synthesize elastin persists during lifetime although declines with aging. The initial abnormality documented in human atherosclerosis is fragmentation and loss of the elastic network in the medial layer of the arterial wall, suggesting an imbalance between elastic fiber injury and restoration. Damaged elastic structures are not adequately repaired by synthesis of new elastic elements. Progressive collagen accumulation follows medial elastic fiber disruption and fibrous plaques are formed, but advanced atherosclerosis lesions do not develop in the absence of prior elastic injury. Aging is associated with arterial extracellular matrix anomalies that evoke those present in early atherosclerosis. The reduction of elastic fibers with subsequent collagen accumulation leads to arterial stiffening and intima-media thickening, which are independent predictors of incident hypertension in prospective community-based studies. Arterial stiffening precedes the development of hypertension. The fundamental role of the vascular elastic network to arterial structure and function is emphasized by congenital disorders caused by mutations that disrupt normal elastic fiber production. Molecular changes in the genes coding tropoelastin, lysyl oxidase (tropoelastin cross-linking), and elastin-associated microfibrils, including fibrillin-1, fibulin-4, and fibulin-5 produce severe vascular injury due to absence of functional elastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406, Ferrol, Spain.
| | | | - Carlos Fernández-Fernández
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Lucán
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Raquel Funcasta-Calderón
- Nephrology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406, Ferrol, Spain
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20
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Kim SH, Monticone RE, McGraw KR, Wang M. Age-associated proinflammatory elastic fiber remodeling in large arteries. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111490. [PMID: 33839189 PMCID: PMC8154723 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are the main components of the extracellular matrix of the large arterial wall. Elastic fiber remodeling is an intricate process of synthesis and degradation of the core elastin protein and microfibrils accompanied by the assembly and disassembly of accessory proteins. Age-related morphological, structural, and functional proinflammatory remodeling within the elastic fiber has a profound effect upon the integrity, elasticity, calcification, amyloidosis, and stiffness of the large arterial wall. An age-associated increase in arterial stiffness is a major risk factor for the pathogenesis of diseases of the large arteries such as hypertensive and atherosclerotic vasculopathy. This mini review is an update on the key molecular, cellular, functional, and structural mechanisms of elastic fiber proinflammatory remodeling in large arteries with aging. Targeting structural and functional integrity of the elastic fiber may be an effective approach to impede proinflammatory arterial remodeling with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyuk Kim
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Robert E Monticone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kimberly R McGraw
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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21
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Sahranavard T, Carbone F, Montecucco F, Xu S, Al-Rasadi K, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The role of potassium in atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13454. [PMID: 33216974 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition with a leading prevalence worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction leads to low-density lipoprotein trafficking into subendothelial space and the subsequent form of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) within intimal layer, perpetuating the vicious cycle of endothelial dysfunction. K+ exerts beneficial effects in vascular wall by reducing LDL oxidization, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation, and free radical generation. K+ also modulates vascular tone through a regulatory effect on cell membrane potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS The most relevant papers on the association between 'potassium channels' and 'atherosclerosis' were selected among those deposited on PubMed from 1990 to 2020. RESULTS Here, we provide a short narrative review that elaborates on the role of K+ in atherosclerosis. This review also update the current knowledge about potential pharmacological agents targeting K+ channels with a special focus on pleiotropic activities of agents such as statins, sulfonylureas and dihydropyridines. CONCLUSION In this review, the mechanism of different K+ channels on vascular endothelium will be summarized, mainly focusing on their pathophysiological role in atherosclerosis and potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Sahranavard
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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22
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Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD, Piperigkou Z, Manou D, Passi A, Skandalis SS, Vynios DH, Orian-Rousseau V, Ricard-Blum S, Schmelzer CEH, Duca L, Durbeej M, Afratis NA, Troeberg L, Franchi M, Masola V, Onisto M. A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:6850-6912. [PMID: 33605520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University of Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2: Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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23
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Park JK, Jung WB, Yoon JH. Distribution Pattern of Atherosclerosis in the Abdomen and Lower Extremities and Its Association with Clinical and Hematological Factors. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:13-21. [PMID: 33488084 PMCID: PMC7814249 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s287194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Abdominal arteries differ from the arteries located at the extremities in histological composition and clinical features. This study investigated the distributional pattern of atherosclerosis in arteries of the abdomen and lower extremities and its association with clinical and hematologic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 227 patients with atherosclerosis who underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdomen and lower extremities. The distributional pattern of atherosclerosis was categorized into type 1 (suprainguinal elastic), type 2 (infrainguinal muscular), and type 3 (both arterial involvement). Chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the data. RESULTS Of the 227 patients, 132 (58%) had type 1 and 95 (42%) had type 3 atherosclerosis. None had type 2. Older age, heavier smoking, and higher levels of HbA1c and homocysteine were the significant risk factors for type 3 atherosclerosis (odds ratio: 1.076, 1.023, 1.426, and 1.130, respectively). Patients with type 3 showed significantly lower right and left ankle and toe brachial indices compared to type 1 (P: 0.029, 0.023, 0.003, and <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION In arteries of the abdomen and lower extremities, atherosclerosis may occur initially at suprainguinal elastic arteries. In addition, the significant risk factors for type 3 atherosclerosis may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis at infrainguinal muscular arteries and deteriorate the peripheral arterial circulation. Therefore, if atherosclerotic lesions are found at the suprainguinal elastic arteries on CTA, to prevent atherosclerosis at infrainguinal muscular arteries and subsequent peripheral arterial ischemic disease, cessation of smoking and control of blood glucose and homocysteine may be recommended, especially in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kwon Park
- Department of Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Beom Jung
- Department of Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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24
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Quaglino D, Boraldi F, Lofaro FD. The biology of vascular calcification. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:261-353. [PMID: 32475476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (i.e., carbonate apatite, whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a relevant pathological process for the aging population and a life-threatening complication in acquired and in genetic diseases. Similarly to bone remodeling, VC is an actively regulated process in which many cells and molecules play a pivotal role. This review aims at: (i) describing the role of resident and circulating cells, of the extracellular environment and of positive and negative factors in driving the mineralization process; (ii) detailing the types of VC (i.e., intimal, medial and cardiac valve calcification); (iii) analyzing rare genetic diseases underlining the importance of altered pyrophosphate-dependent regulatory mechanisms; (iv) providing therapeutic options and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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25
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Boraldi F, Moscarelli P, Lofaro FD, Sabia C, Quaglino D. The mineralization process of insoluble elastin fibrillar structures: Ionic environment vs degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:693-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Kinnear C, Agrawal R, Loo C, Pahnke A, Rodrigues DC, Thompson T, Akinrinade O, Ahadian S, Keeley F, Radisic M, Mital S, Ellis J. Everolimus Rescues the Phenotype of Elastin Insufficiency in Patient Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1325-1339. [PMID: 32212852 PMCID: PMC7176340 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Elastin gene deletion or mutation leads to arterial stenoses due to vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells–derived SMCs can model the elastin insufficiency phenotype in vitro but show only partial rescue with rapamycin. Our objective was to identify drug candidates with superior efficacy in rescuing the SMC phenotype in elastin insufficiency patients. Approach and Results: SMCs generated from induced pluripotent stem cells from 5 elastin insufficiency patients with severe recurrent vascular stenoses (3 Williams syndrome and 2 elastin mutations) were phenotypically immature, hyperproliferative, poorly responsive to endothelin, and exerted reduced tension in 3-dimensional smooth muscle biowires. Elastin mRNA and protein were reduced in SMCs from patients compared to healthy control SMCs. Fourteen drug candidates were tested on patient SMCs. Of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors studied, everolimus restored differentiation, rescued proliferation, and improved endothelin-induced calcium flux in all patient SMCs except one Williams syndrome. Of the calcium channel blockers, verapamil increased SMC differentiation and reduced proliferation in Williams syndrome patient cells but not in elastin mutation patients and had no effect on endothelin response. Combination treatment with everolimus and verapamil was not superior to everolimus alone. Other drug candidates had limited efficacy. Conclusions: Everolimus caused the most consistent improvement in SMC differentiation, proliferation and in SMC function in patients with both syndromic and nonsyndromic elastin insufficiency, and offers the best candidate for drug repurposing for treatment of elastin insufficiency associated vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kinnear
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.K., R.A., O.A., S.M.)
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.K., R.A., O.A., S.M.)
| | - Caitlin Loo
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.L., D.C.R., T.T., J.E.).,Department of Molecular Genetics (C.L., J.E.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aric Pahnke
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deivid Carvalho Rodrigues
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.L., D.C.R., T.T., J.E.)
| | - Tadeo Thompson
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.L., D.C.R., T.T., J.E.)
| | - Oyediran Akinrinade
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.K., R.A., O.A., S.M.)
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred Keeley
- Department of Biochemistry (F.K.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.K.)
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (A.P., S.A., M.R.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Mital
- From the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.K., R.A., O.A., S.M.).,Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children (S.M.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.L., D.C.R., T.T., J.E.).,Department of Molecular Genetics (C.L., J.E.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Fhayli W, Boëté Q, Kihal N, Cenizo V, Sommer P, Boyle WA, Jacob MP, Faury G. Dill Extract Induces Elastic Fiber Neosynthesis and Functional Improvement in the Ascending Aorta of Aged Mice with Reversal of Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy and Involvement of Lysyl Oxidase-Like-1. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E173. [PMID: 31979322 PMCID: PMC7072659 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastic fibers (90% elastin, 10% fibrillin-rich microfibrils) are synthesized only in early life and adolescence mainly by the vascular smooth muscle cells through the cross-linking of its soluble precursor, tropoelastin. Elastic fibers endow the large elastic arteries with resilience and elasticity. Normal vascular aging is associated with arterial remodeling and stiffening, especially due to the end of production and degradation of elastic fibers, leading to altered cardiovascular function. Several pharmacological treatments stimulate the production of elastin and elastic fibers. In particular, dill extract (DE) has been demonstrated to stimulate elastin production in vitro in dermal equivalent models and in skin fibroblasts to increase lysyl oxidase-like-1 (LOXL-1) gene expression, an enzyme contributing to tropoelastin crosslinking and elastin formation. Here, we have investigated the effects of a chronic treatment (three months) of aged male mice with DE (5% or 10% v/v, in drinking water) on the structure and function of the ascending aorta. DE treatment, especially at 10%, of aged mice protected pre-existing elastic lamellae, reactivated tropoelastin and LOXL-1 expressions, induced elastic fiber neo-synthesis, and decreased the stiffness of the aging aortic wall, probably explaining the reversal of the age-related cardiac hypertrophy also observed following the treatment. DE could thus be considered as an anti-aging product for the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Fhayli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France; (W.F.); (Q.B.)
| | - Quentin Boëté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France; (W.F.); (Q.B.)
| | - Nadjib Kihal
- Laboratoire de Phytochimie et de Pharmacologie, Département de Chimie, Université de Jijel, Jijel 18000, Algeria;
| | | | - Pascal Sommer
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR5305—LBTI, CNRS, 69367 Lyon, France;
| | - Walter A. Boyle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Marie-Paule Jacob
- INSERM, U1148, and Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 75018 Paris, France;
| | - Gilles Faury
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France; (W.F.); (Q.B.)
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