1
|
Paquin V, Guay E, Moderie C, Paradis C, Nahiddi N, Philippe FL, Geoffroy MC. Psychotic-like experiences and associated factors in resident physicians: A Canadian cross-sectional study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38767000 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM Medical residency training is associated with a range of sociodemographic, lifestyle and mental health factors that may confer higher risk for psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in residents, yet little research has examined this question. Thus, we aimed to document the prevalence and associated factors of PLEs among resident physicians. METHODS Physicians enrolled in residency programmes in the Province of Québec, Canada (four universities) were recruited in Fall 2022 via their programme coordinators and social media. They completed an online questionnaire assessing PLEs in the past 3 months (the 15-item Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences), as well as sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and mental health. Analyses included survey weights and gamma regressions. RESULTS The sample included 502 residents (mean age, 27.6 years; 65.9% women). Only 1.3% (95% CI: 0.5%, 4.0%) of residents met the screening cut-off for psychotic disorder. Factors associated with higher scores for PLEs included racialised minority status (relative difference: +7.5%; 95% CI: +2.2%, +13.2%) and English versus French as preferred language (relative difference: +7.9% 95% CI: +3.1%, +12.9%), as well as each additional point on scales of depression (relative difference: +0.8%; 95% CI: +0.3%, +1.3%) and anxiety (relative difference: +1.3%; 95% CI: +0.8%, +1.7%). In secondary analyses, racialised minority status was associated with persecutory items, but not with other PLEs. Gender, residency programmes and lifestyle variables were not associated with PLEs. CONCLUSIONS This study found low reports of PLEs in a sample of resident physicians. Associations of PLEs with minoritised status may reflect experiences of discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emilie Guay
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Moderie
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Paradis
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nima Nahiddi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederick L Philippe
- Department of Psychology, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gargula S, Daval M, Tuset MP, Darrouzet V, Ayache D. Burnout in ENT France: Update and risk factors; a STROBE analysis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2024:S1879-7296(24)00057-7. [PMID: 38705822 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout can significantly impact practitioners and their co-workers, and hence patients. There are no data for the prevalence of burnout in French ENT specialists, or for associated risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A French national cross-sectional online survey was performed on the initiative of the ENT National Professional Council (CNPORL), contacting all ENT specialists whose e-mail address was known to the French Society of ENT, the National Professional Council or the National ENT Union. The 22-question Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was sent out, along with 16 extra questions on possible risk factors. OBJECTIVES The study sought to assess the prevalence and severity of burnout, using the MBI, and to analyze risk factors. RESULTS Among the 1936 physicians, 406 contacted responded to the questionnaire (21%). Mean age was 47±14 years (range, 25-77 years); 53% male, 47% female. 196 (48%) reported burnout, including 20 (5%) severe burnout. Independent risk factors for burnout of whatever severity, comprised social interaction issues, history of identified burnout, and medicolegal pressures. Social interaction issues were independently associated with specifically severe burnout. CONCLUSIONS Burnout affected almost half of respondents. There are identifiable risk factors, for which improvements could be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gargula
- Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie, Hôpital La Conception, 147, boulevard Baille, 13004 Marseille, France.
| | - M Daval
- Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe-de-Rothschild, 29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France
| | - M-P Tuset
- Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe-de-Rothschild, 29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France
| | - V Darrouzet
- Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie, CHU Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Conseil National Professionnel d'ORL, France
| | - D Ayache
- Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe-de-Rothschild, 29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France; Conseil National Professionnel d'ORL, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ewens M, Carroll C, Guenther E. Motivations and barriers to exercise among clinicians. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:277-285. [PMID: 36576254 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2162938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
According to Kirk & Rhodes (2011), Nooijen et al. (2018), and Saridi et al. (2019), the motivators and barriers to exercise are influenced by one's occupation, especially among those in the healthcare field. We sought to examine the barriers and motivators to physical activity that are distinctive to clinicians. Community hospital clinicians were surveyed regarding motivators and barriers to exercise that they experience, their burnout levels as described by an adaptation of the Mini-Z single item burnout scale, and average weekly exercise habits. The top barriers and motivators were then correlated to burnout levels, levels of physical activity, and demographics. We received 64 total responses from clinicians. The overall average level of burnout was 2.37 and the median level was 2. Approximately 38% of clinicians reported adhering to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines of 150 minutes of exercise per week, while 33% of clinicians exercise <75 minutes per week. The top general motivator was for one's own well-being and the top clinician-related motivator was reducing stress. The top two barriers to exercise were COVID-19 concerns at an indoor exercise facility and a lack of time. Higher average levels of burnout were experienced by those who marked being too stressed or too burnt out as barriers to exercise. Because of clinicians' roles in propagating healthy practices in their patients from their own habits, wellness programs should be aimed at capitalizing motivators to combat barriers that this group distinctively experiences. Efforts to improve physical and mental wellness among clinicians will translate into better provider and patient health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ewens
- COMP-NW, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - C Carroll
- Woodland Clinic Medical Group, CommonSpirit Health, Woodland, CA, USA
| | - E Guenther
- COMP-NW, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Uhlig-Reche H, Larson AR, Silver JK, Tenforde A, McQueen A, Verduzco-Gutierrez M. Investigation of Health Behavior on Burnout Scores in Women Physicians who Self-Identify as Runners: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:831-838. [PMID: 38511120 PMCID: PMC10948925 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211042573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
As the proportion of women in the physician workforce increases, burnout in this population warrants further investigation. Exercise is an often-proposed strategy to combat burnout. Evaluating physical activity across a cohort of women physicians can assess associations of health behaviors with burnout. Cross-sectional study of women attending physicians in the United States who are actively engaged in a social media group for runners. An electronic survey comprised of 60 questions covering demographics, health behaviors, and burnout was administered. A healthy lifestyle subgroup (HLS) was defined based on American Heart Association physical activity and nutrition recommendations. We determine the prevalence of burnout and investigate associations between health behavior factors and burnout. Of the 369 included surveys, most respondents were at least six years out from medical training (85.9%) and White (74.5%). Forty-two percent experienced burnout symptoms. Time exercising was significantly associated with fruit/vegetable consumption (P=.00002). There was no significant difference in burnout between the HLS compared to others (P = .37). This group of self-reported physically active women physicians was found to have a lower prevalence of burnout when compared to other women physicians. Exercise and nutrition may be protective against burnout in women physicians but deserve further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Uhlig-Reche
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA, (HUR); Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, (ARL); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Physiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, (JKS, AT); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, (AM); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, (MVG)
| | - Allison R. Larson
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA, (HUR); Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, (ARL); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Physiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, (JKS, AT); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, (AM); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, (MVG)
| | - Julie K. Silver
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA, (HUR); Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, (ARL); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Physiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, (JKS, AT); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, (AM); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, (MVG)
| | - Adam Tenforde
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA, (HUR); Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, (ARL); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Physiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, (JKS, AT); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, (AM); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, (MVG)
| | - Alisa McQueen
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA, (HUR); Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, (ARL); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Physiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, (JKS, AT); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, (AM); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, (MVG)
| | - Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA, (HUR); Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, (ARL); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, (JKS, AT); Physiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, (JKS, AT); Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, (AM); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA, (MVG)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tai-Seale M, Baxter S, Millen M, Cheung M, Zisook S, Çelebi J, Polston G, Sun B, Gross E, Helsten T, Rosen R, Clay B, Sinsky C, Ziedonis DM, Longhurst CA, Savides TJ. Association of physician burnout with perceived EHR work stress and potentially actionable factors. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1665-1672. [PMID: 37475168 PMCID: PMC10531111 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physicians of all specialties experienced unprecedented stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbating preexisting burnout. We examine burnout's association with perceived and actionable electronic health record (EHR) workload factors and personal, professional, and organizational characteristics with the goal of identifying levers that can be targeted to address burnout. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survey of physicians of all specialties in an academic health center, using a standard measure of burnout, self-reported EHR work stress, and EHR-based work assessed by the number of messages regarding prescription reauthorization and use of a staff pool to triage messages. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses examined the relationship among burnout, perceived EHR work stress, and actionable EHR work factors. RESULTS Of 1038 eligible physicians, 627 responded (60% response rate), 49.8% reported burnout symptoms. Logistic regression analysis suggests that higher odds of burnout are associated with physicians feeling higher level of EHR stress (odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.25), having more prescription reauthorization messages (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04-1.47), not feeling valued (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.69-7.22) or aligned in values with clinic leaders (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.87-4.27), in medical practice for ≤15 years (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.63-4.12), and sleeping for <6 h/night (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.12-2.67). DISCUSSION Perceived EHR stress and prescription reauthorization messages are significantly associated with burnout, as are non-EHR factors such as not feeling valued or aligned in values with clinic leaders. Younger physicians need more support. CONCLUSION A multipronged approach targeting actionable levers and supporting young physicians is needed to implement sustainable improvements in physician well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tai-Seale
- Family Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Outcomes Analysis and Scholarship, Information Services, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
- Research and Learning, Population Health Services Organization, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
- Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sally Baxter
- Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
- Ophthalmology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marlene Millen
- Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Cheung
- Family Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sidney Zisook
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
- Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julie Çelebi
- Family Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gregory Polston
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
- Anesthesiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bryan Sun
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
- Dermatology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Erin Gross
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Teresa Helsten
- Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosen
- Family Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian Clay
- Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christine Sinsky
- Professional Satisfaction, American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Douglas M Ziedonis
- Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences and Health System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Christopher A Longhurst
- Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thomas J Savides
- Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin Y, Huang Y, Xi X. Association between lifestyle behaviors and health-related quality of life among primary health care physicians in China: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1131031. [PMID: 36969630 PMCID: PMC10030863 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrimary health care (PHC) serves as the gatekeeper of health system and PHC physicians take on significant obligations to provide health care services in the pursuit of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). PHC physicians' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can have a strong impact on patients, physicians and the health care system. Lifestyle interventions are found to be effective to improve HRQoL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between lifestyle behaviors and HRQoL among PHC physicians, so that lifestyle intervention can be tailored by policy makers for health promotion.MethodsA survey covering 31 provinces and administrative regions in China was conducted in 2020 using a stratified sampling strategy. Data on sociodemographic characteristics lifestyle behaviors and HRQoL were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. HRQoL was measured through EuroQol-five dimension-five level (EQ-5D-5L) instrument. A Tobit regression model was performed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors and HRQoL.ResultsAmong 894 PHC physicians who completed the survey, Anxiety/Depression (AD) was the dimension with the most problems reported (18.1%). Regular daily routine (β = 0.025, 95%CI 0.004 to 0.045) and good sleep quality (β = 0.049, 95% CI = 0.029 to 0.069) were protective factors for HRQoL, while smoking (β = −0.027, 95% CI = −0.079 to −0.003) and frequency of eating breakfast (β = −0.041, 95%CI = −0.079 to −0.003) were negatively associated with HRQoL. Physical activity and alcohol drinking were not significantly associated with HRQoL.ConclusionThese findings suggest that tailored interventions on daily routine, improving sleep quality, and tobacco control among PHC physicians may be effective strategies to improve their HRQoL.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu FI, Ratnapalan S. Burnout Interventions for Resident Physicians: A Scoping Review of Their Content, Format, and Effectiveness. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2023; 147:227-235. [PMID: 35687790 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0115-ep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Physicians face a high rate of burnout, especially during the residency training period when trainees often experience a rapid increase in professional responsibilities and expectations. Effective burnout prevention programs for resident physicians are needed to address this significant issue. OBJECTIVE.— To examine the content, format, and effectiveness of resident burnout interventions published in the last 10 years. DESIGN.— The literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE database with the following keywords: internship, residency, health promotion, wellness, occupational stress, burnout, program evaluation, and program. Only studies published in English between 2010 and 2020 were included. Exclusion criteria were studies on interventions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, studies on duty hour restrictions, and studies without assessment of resident well-being postintervention. RESULTS.— Thirty studies were included, with 2 randomized controlled trials, 3 case-control studies, 20 pretest and posttest studies, and 5 case reports. Of the 23 studies that used a validated well-being assessment tool, 10 reported improvements postintervention. These effective burnout interventions were longitudinal and included wellness training (7 of 10), physical activities (4 of 10), healthy dietary habits (2 of 10), social activities (1 of 10), formal mentorship programs (1 of 10), and health checkups (1 of 10). Combinations of burnout interventions, low numbers of program participants with high dropout rates, lack of a control group, and lack of standardized well-being assessment are the limitations identified. CONCLUSIONS.— Longitudinal wellness training and other interventions appear effective in reducing resident burnout. However, the validity and generalizability of the results are limited by the study designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-I Lu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Lu).,From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Lu), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Savithiri Ratnapalan
- From the Department of Paediatrics (Ratnapalan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,From the Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Ratnapalan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,From the Division of Emergency Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Ratnapalan)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leuchter RK, Stuber ML, McDonald AL, Croymans DM. Relationship between exercise intensity and stress levels among U.S. medical students. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2022; 27:2027651. [PMID: 35048776 PMCID: PMC8786247 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2027651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity may protect the mental health of medical students, yet it is unknown which types and intensities of physical activity have the greatest potential to improve medical student well-being. OBJECTIVE We characterize the relationship between exercise intensity and stress levels of U.S. medical students, thereby informing the design of future well-being interventions. DESIGN Two cross-sectional validated surveys assessing stress and physical activity were administered one year apart at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. A total of 1,046 out of 1,392 medical students responded (75%). An ordered logistic regression was used to determine the association between stress and each level of exercise intensity (inactivity, moderate-activity, and health-enhancing physical activity [HEPA]). These exercise intensity groupings were compared to the CDC guidelines for aerobic exercise. RESULTS While achieving either moderate-activity or HEPA is compliant with the CDC guidelines for aerobic exercise, the additional intensity of exercise required to achieve HEPA was associated with a 26% increase in the probability of being in the lowest stress quartile and a 22% decrease in the probability of being in the highest stress quartile. Medical student physical activity levels were on-par with the national average per the CDC exercise guidelines (65% vs. 58%), but medical student HEPA levels were significantly lower than the national average (27% vs. 64%; OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.12-0.37). CONCLUSIONS There is a large disparity in rates of the highest intensity physical activity (HEPA) between medical students and the age-adjusted national average, which has previously been overlooked by the binary CDC exercise guidelines. The fact that HEPA levels are not optimized and more strongly associated with lower stress levels relative to less intense forms of exercise makes it a promising new target for future well-being interventions among medical trainees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard K. Leuchter
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret L. Stuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Austin L. McDonald
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel M. Croymans
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taylor CE, Scott EJ, Owen K. Physical activity, burnout and quality of life in medical students: A systematic review. CLINICAL TEACHER 2022; 19:e13525. [PMID: 36052814 PMCID: PMC9826463 DOI: 10.1111/tct.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are at risk of burnout and reduced quality of life (QoL). The risk of burnout doubles from third to sixth year of medical school, and medical students have an 8%-11% lower QoL than nonmedical students. It is imperative to prevent this, as burnout and reduced QoL is independently associated with errors in practice. This systematic review aims to examine whether physical activity/exercise is associated with burnout and/or QoL in medical students. METHODS Articles were identified through database searches of Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies were included if both physical activity/exercise and burnout or QoL were measured and limited to those focussing on medical students. Risk of bias was assessed using accredited cohort and cross-sectional checklists. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity in the dataset. FINDINGS Eighteen studies were included, comprising 11,500 medical students across 13 countries. Physical activity was negatively associated with burnout and positively associated with QoL. Furthermore, the findings were suggestive of a dose-response effect of physical activity on both burnout and QoL; higher intensities and frequencies precipitated greater improvements in outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This multinational review demonstrates that physical activity is associated with reduced burnout and improved QoL in medical students. It also identifies a paucity of research into the optimal intensity, frequency, volume and mode of physical activity. Further research, building on this review, is likely to inform the long overdue development of evidence-based, well-being curricula. This could involve incorporating physical activity into medical education which may improve well-being and better prepare students for the demands of medical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma J. Scott
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brown JM, Wellman ML. Yoga as an Adjunct Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain and Burnout in Orthopedic Surgery: A Trainee's Perspective. Int J Yoga 2022; 15:250-253. [PMID: 36949830 PMCID: PMC10026344 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_129_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic surgeons face significant physical and psychosocial stressors during their training as surgical residents and throughout their career. Aside from occupational hazards intrinsic to the profession, two notable and treatable concerns are musculoskeletal pain and emotional burnout, which have a reported prevalence as high as 97% and 56%, respectively, among orthopedic residents. Management of musculoskeletal pain and burnout is essential for promoting surgeon well being, education, and longevity as well as avoiding medical errors and compromises to patient care. This perspective manuscript describes the occupational challenges faced by orthopedic surgeons and promotes a habitual practice of yoga as an adjunct therapy for managing musculoskeletal pain and emotional burnout, and furthermore, introduces the need to reconsider gendered perceptions surrounding orthopedics and the practice of yoga in a profession largely comprised of men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Mark Brown
- Department of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mariah L. Wellman
- Department of Communications, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meyer ML, Louder CN, Self KJ, Nicolas G. Investigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Professionals: Implications and Recommendations. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 3:327-346. [PMID: 38603384 PMCID: PMC9294614 DOI: 10.1177/26320770221091735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Public health crises that increase the demand for healthcare professionals (HCPs) often result in increased mental distress in HCPs. The current study investigated the specific mental health ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCPs and perceived support from their places of work. Data was collected from US-based HCPs (N = 325) working as physicians (21.8%), nurses (26.8%), mental health professionals (MHPs; 30.5%), and allied healthcare professionals (AHPs; 20.9%) from April 2020 to April 2021 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, using an online self-report survey. Descriptive and correlational statistical analyses assessed worry, stressors, psychological functioning, and perceived support. A majority of participants expressed worry about the pandemic broadly (93%), and approximately half (50.5%) indicated that their degree of worry was moderate to extreme. Respondents worried most about the risk of infection for family and relatives. HCPs reported not having been able to enjoy daily activities (66.9%), losing sleep (43.1%), and feeling constantly under strain (66.9%), compared to usual. Most HCPs indicated a strong desire for clear communication regarding the pandemic and psychological support from their workplaces. This paper provides recommendations to support HCP mental health by both ameliorating distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as protecting the health and wellness of HCPs more generally. HCPs and institutions that employ them should seek out or provide access to mental health resources and services, engage with or provide opportunities and activities to actively address mental health, and improve communication regarding COVID-19 or other topics HCPs demonstrate interest in.
Collapse
|
12
|
Update on the Personal and Professional Well-Being of Surgical Residents in New England. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 235:510-518. [PMID: 35588528 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical culture has shifted to recognize the importance of resident wellbeing. This is the first study to longitudinally track regional surgical resident wellbeing over 5 years. STUDY DESIGN An anonymous cross-sectional, multi-institutional survey of New England general surgery residents using novel and published instruments to create three domains: health maintenance, burnout, and work environment. RESULTS Overall, 75% (15/20) of programs participated. The response rate was 44% (250/570) and 53% (133/250) were female, 94% (234/250) were 25-34 years old, and 71% (178/250) were in a relationship. For health maintenance, 57% (143/250) reported having a primary care provider, 26% (64/250) had not seen a primary care provider in 2 years, 59% (147/250) endorsed being up to date with age-appropriate health screening, however, only 44% (109/250) were found to actually be up to date. Only 14% (35/250) reported exercising greater than 150 minutes/week. The burnout rate was 19% (47/250), with 32% (81/250) and 25% (63/250) reporting high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, respectively. For both program directors and attendings, 90% of residents reported they cared about resident wellbeing. 87% of residents believe it was acceptable to take time off during the workday for a personal appointment, while only 49% reported they would personally take the time. CONCLUSIONS The personal health maintenance of general surgery residents has changed little over the past five years, despite an overwhelming majority of residents reporting attendings and program directors care about their wellbeing. Further study is needed to understand the barriers to improvement of resident wellbeing.
Collapse
|
13
|
McPhetridge JB, Scharf VF, Dickson R, Thieman KM, Oblak ML, Regier PJ, Skinner OT, Tinga S, Townsend KL, Wallace ML, Walton R, Marks SL, Nelson L. Veterinary house officer perceptions of dimensions of well-being during postgraduate training. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1369-1376. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.05.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe veterinary house officers’ perceptions of dimensions of well-being during postgraduate training and to identify potential areas for targeted intervention.
SAMPLE
303 house officers.
PROCEDURES
A 62-item questionnaire was generated by use of an online platform and sent to house officers at participating institutions in October 2020. Responses were analyzed for trends and associations between selected variables.
RESULTS
239 residents, 45 rotating interns, and 19 specialty interns responded to the survey. The majority of house officers felt that their training program negatively interfered with their exercise habits, diet, and social engagement. House officers reported engaging in exercise significantly less during times of clinical responsibility, averaging 1.6 exercise sessions/wk (SD ± 0.8) on clinical duty and 2.4 exercise sessions/wk (SD ± 0.9) when not on clinical duty (P < 0.001). Ninety-four percent of respondents reported experiencing some degree of anxiety regarding their physical health, and 95% of house officers reported feeling some degree of anxiety regarding their current financial situation. Overall, 47% reported that their work-life balance was unsustainable for > 1 year; there was no association between specialty and sustainability of work-life balance. Most house officers were satisfied with their current training program, level of clinical responsibility, and mentorship.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Veterinary house officers demonstrated a poor balance between the demands of postgraduate training and maintenance of personal health. Thoughtful interventions are needed to support the well-being of veterinary house officers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan B. McPhetridge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Valery F. Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Rachel Dickson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Kelley M. Thieman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Michelle L. Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Penny J. Regier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Owen T. Skinner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO
| | - Selena Tinga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Katy L. Townsend
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Mandy L. Wallace
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Rebecca Walton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Steven L. Marks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Laura Nelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Worobetz A, O' Regan A, Casey M, Hayes P, O' Callaghan M, Walsh JC, Bengoechea EG, Woods C, McGrath D, Glynn LG. Lessons learned from a pandemic: implications for a combined exercise and educational programme for medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:255. [PMID: 35395796 PMCID: PMC8990684 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'MED-WELL' programme is a combined exercise and educational intervention designed to promote well-being among medical students and educate students about prescribing exercise as medicine in clinical practice. Due to COVID-19 public health restrictions of social distancing the 'MED-WELL' programme was offered online instead of in-person in 2021. The aim of this study is to compare the experiences of participants in the 'MED-WELL' programme online to those that previously participated in the same programme in-person to understand the student experience and optimize programme delivery. METHODS Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 participants to a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Ten study participants took part in the 'MED-WELL' programme when it was offered in-person, and the other ten study participants took part in the programme when it was offered online. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed using Microsoft Teams. A combined inductive and deductive approach was used for analysis. An inductive thematic analysis was utilized to categorize data into higher order codes, themes, and overarching themes. The theory of online learning provided the theoretical framework for a deductive approach. RESULTS Analysis of the data produced five overarching themes: 'student-student', 'student-teacher', 'student-content', 'student-environment', and 'effects of a pandemic'. The first four themes detail distinct types of interaction that participants had with various entities of the 'MED-WELL' programme and the effects that these interactions had on participant experiences. 'Effects of a pandemic' refers to the context of delivering the 'MED-WELL' programme online during a pandemic and how this mode of delivery influenced participants and the programme. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing the 'MED-WELL' programme relies on an understanding of how participants interact with different entities of the programme and are motivated to attend and engage. Participants tended to favour an in-person mode of delivery, however certain advantages of delivering the programme online were also identified. The findings from this study can be used to inform similar experiential and educational exercise interventions, and may help plan for potential future restrictions on in-person educational and exercise-based programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubree Worobetz
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew O' Regan
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network, Galway, Ireland
| | - Monica Casey
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Hayes
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mike O' Callaghan
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jane C Walsh
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Enrique García Bengoechea
- HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network, Galway, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Catherine Woods
- HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network, Galway, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Deirdre McGrath
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Liam G Glynn
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Howie EK, Cannady N, Messias EL, McNatt A, Walter CS. Associations between physical activity, sleep, and self-reported health with burnout of medical students, faculty and staff in an academic health center. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1311-1319. [PMID: 35308038 PMCID: PMC8918895 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, HPER 308I, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Natalie Cannady
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Erick L. Messias
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Ashley McNatt
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Christopher S. Walter
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences-Northwest, Fayetteville, AR USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shea JA, Bellini LM, Desai SV, Barg FK, Eriksen W, Wietlisbach LE, Yakubu AR, Asch DA. Exploring Residents' Well-Being and Burnout via Qualitative Ecological Momentary Assessment. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:414-419. [PMID: 34753860 PMCID: PMC8881344 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most of what is known about resident burnout and wellness comes from cross-sectional snapshot surveys. The purpose of this study was to elicit qualitative perspectives on wellness from a cohort of internal residents over time using ecological momentary assessment. METHOD Drawing on principles of ecological momentary assessment, 13 different open-ended survey prompts were delivered between October and March during the 2019-2020 academic year. Participants were 88 randomly selected internal medicine residents from 4 internal medicine training programs in the Northeast. RESULTS The response rate was 95%. Three main themes regarding wellness were self, program/education environment, and medical/structural system. A fourth theme, the desire to provide quality patient care, cut across all other themes. The patient care theme repeatedly stressed residents' desire to spend more time with patients. The self theme primarily reflected messages about personal emotions and the need for work-life balance and wellness. The program/education environment theme reflected the value of learning, teamwork and community, and program culture. The medical/structural system theme showed that residents' experiences were shaped by the efficiency of their days and largely a product of their schedules and administrative support. Closing advice to future trainees was optimistic and reassuring. CONCLUSIONS While findings support much of what has been learned via single-occasion survey snapshots, an ecological momentary assessment design allowed a deeper dive into contextual associations. The results affirm the primacy of patient care and also highlight the value of teamwork and culture. Peers and program leaders are heavily influential in setting the tone for the learning experience, whether for the day or with a more enduring message of respect and support. There is opportunity to maximize high- or higher-value learning experiences for residents and find solutions to reduce and reframe the perceived "low-value administrative work" that is part of care coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy A Shea
- J.A. Shea is the Leon Hess Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and associate dean of medical education research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-4192
| | - Lisa M Bellini
- L.M. Bellini is professor, Department of Medicine, and senior vice dean for academic affairs, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-2384
| | - Sanjay V Desai
- S.V. Desai is director, Osler Medical Residency, and vice-chair for education, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9759-7696
| | - Frances K Barg
- F.K. Barg is director, University of Pennsylvania Mixed Methods Research Lab, and professor, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-1980
| | - Whitney Eriksen
- W. Eriksen is a senior researcher, University of Pennsylvania Mixed Methods Research Lab, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-1815
| | - Larissa E Wietlisbach
- L.E. Wietlisbach is a medical student and research assistant, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-3264
| | - Abdul-Rakeem Yakubu
- A.-R. Yakubu is a research assistant, University of Pennsylvania Mixed Methods Research Lab, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Asch
- D.A. Asch is a professor, Perelman School of Medicine and Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, and physician, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7970-286X
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wellness in Graduate Surgical Medical Education. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-022-00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Choi HJ, Yang CM, Lee SY, Lee HJ, Jang SH. Mental Health and Quality of Life for Healthcare Workers in a University Hospital Under COVID-19. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:85-91. [PMID: 34915610 PMCID: PMC8898611 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial characteristics of the employees working at a university hospital and investigated the factors affecting their quality of life (QOL) under COVID-19. METHODS This study enrolled 1,191 healthcare workers from a university hospital, including doctors, nurses, administrative officer and technicians. Besides demographic information, depression, anxiety, somatization, insomnia, resilience, and QOL were assessed. RESULTS The nurses presented significantly higher scores for anxiety, depression and showed significantly higher insomnia scores and significantly lower resilience scores. The occupations showed significant differences in the QOL and sub-groups, including the overall quality of life and general health (F=4.774, p<0.001), psychological domain (F=6.230, p<0.001), and environment domain (F=5.254, p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the QOL and resilience (r=0.608, p<0.01). However, depression (r=-0.502, p<0.01), anxiety (r=-0.425, p<0.01), somatization (r=-0.364, p<0.01), and insomnia (r=-0.385, p<0.01) showed negative correlations with the QOL. Resilience was the most important factor influencing the QOL. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that low resilience adversely affected the QOL and the mental health of the healthcare workers, which consequently had a direct effect on the quality of medical care given to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Mo Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Public Health, Wonkwang University Graduate School, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hata SR, Berkowitz LR, James K, Simpkin AL. An Interprofessional Group Intervention to Promote Faculty Well-Being: A Randomized Clinical Trial. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2022; 42:e75-e82. [PMID: 34799518 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the effect on engagement, relational connection, and burnout of an intervention involving clinical faculty meeting in interprofessional self-facilitated groups and to determine whether a written discussion guide is necessary to achieve benefit. METHODS This is a randomized controlled trial, conducted at a large US academic medical center from May to August 2018. Subjects included 25 clinical physicians, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse midwives. The intervention involved three monthly self-facilitated groups for faculty. Groups were randomized to have no discussion guide, or to receive a one-page guide. Outcomes of burnout, engagement, and empowerment in work, and stress from uncertainty were assessed using validated metrics. RESULTS Rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization decreased significantly over the course of the 3-month study (56%-36%; P < .001; and 20%-15%; P = .006) and overall burnout decreased from 56% to 41% of faculty (P = .002). The percentage of faculty who felt engaged in their work increased from 80% to 96% (P = .03). No statistically significant differences in empowerment at work or in reaction to uncertainty were seen. The groups without a discussion guide had equivalent outcomes and benefits. Cost per participant was under $100. DISCUSSION A three-month, low-cost, self-facilitated series of dinner meetings for interprofessional clinical faculty decreased burnout and improved engagement, sense of connection to colleagues, and sense of departmental commitment to well-being. Structured discussion guides were not necessary to achieve benefit. This study broadens the possibilities for cost-effective opportunities to transform institutional culture and effectively enhance faculty well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Hata
- Dr. Hata: Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Dr. Berkowitz: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and Vice Chair of Education and Wellness, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Dr. James: Epidemiologist, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Dr. Simpkin: Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Orman S, Albright JA, Vutescu ES, Eberson CP. The Impact of a Resident's Sense of Control on Burnout in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202112000-00009. [PMID: 34962897 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.21.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Physician burnout is a barrier to the patient-centered approach to health care. » One of the driving factors of resident burnout is the decreased level of control that residents have over their everyday lives. » Providing residents with a sense of control over their lives and their jobs increases job satisfaction and leads to a decrease in reports of negative effects on health, rest, participation in extracurricular activities, and time with family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Orman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bazargan-Hejazi S, Shirazi A, Wang A, Shlobin NA, Karunungan K, Shulman J, Marzio R, Ebrahim G, Shay W, Slavin S. Contribution of a positive psychology-based conceptual framework in reducing physician burnout and improving well-being: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:593. [PMID: 34823509 PMCID: PMC8620251 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PERMA Model, as a positive psychology conceptual framework, has increased our understanding of the role of Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Achievements in enhancing human potentials, performance and wellbeing. We aimed to assess the utility of PERMA as a multidimensional model of positive psychology in reducing physician burnout and improving their well-being. METHODS Eligible studies include peer-reviewed English language studies of randomized control trials and non-randomized design. Attending physicians, residents, and fellows of any specialty in the primary, secondary, or intensive care setting comprised the study population. Eligible studies also involved positive psychology interventions designed to enhance physician well-being or reduce physician burnout. Using free text and the medical subject headings we searched CINAHL, Ovid PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (GS) electronic bibliographic databases from 2000 until March 2020. We use keywords for a combination of three general or block of terms (Health Personnel OR Health Professionals OR Physician OR Internship and Residency OR Medical Staff Or Fellow) AND (Burnout) AND (Positive Psychology OR PERMA OR Wellbeing Intervention OR Well-being Model OR Wellbeing Theory). RESULTS Our search retrieved 1886 results (1804 through CINAHL, Ovid PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and 82 through GS) before duplicates were removed and 1723 after duplicates were removed. The final review included 21 studies. Studies represented eight countries, with the majority conducted in Spain (n = 3), followed by the US (n = 8), and Australia (n = 3). Except for one study that used a bio-psychosocial approach to guide the intervention, none of the other interventions in this review were based on a conceptual model, including PERMA. However, retrospectively, ten studies used strategies that resonate with the PERMA components. CONCLUSION Consideration of the utility of PERMA as a multidimensional model of positive psychology to guide interventions to reduce burnout and enhance well-being among physicians is missing in the literature. Nevertheless, the majority of the studies reported some level of positive outcome regarding reducing burnout or improving well-being by using a physician or a system-directed intervention. Albeit, we found more favorable outcomes in the system-directed intervention. Future studies are needed to evaluate if PERMA as a framework can be used to guide system-directed interventions in reducing physician burnout and improving their well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Anaheed Shirazi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krystal Karunungan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Shulman
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Robert Marzio
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Gul Ebrahim
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - William Shay
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Stuart Slavin
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Souza RO, Ricardo Guilherme F, Elias RGM, Dos Reis LL, Garbin de Souza OA, Robert Ferrer M, Dos Santos SLC, Osiecki R. Associated Determinants Between Evidence of Burnout, Physical Activity, and Health Behaviors of University Students. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:733309. [PMID: 34746775 PMCID: PMC8568456 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.733309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk behaviors and signs of burnout are associated with substantial health losses and university dropouts. Physical activity can be an effective approach to reduce these factors. The objective of this study was to analyze aspects related to health behaviors, physical activity, and signs of burnout in university students and their association with physical activity. The probabilistic cluster sample consisted of 3,578 regularly enrolled undergraduate students from UFPR in Curitiba, based on a population sample of 24,032 university students. The students completed the MBI-SS and NCHA II instruments. Descriptive statistics were used to identify demographic indicators and characteristics of the university environment. For the proportion of subjects with respective confidence intervals (CI = 95%), contingency tables involving the chi-square test (χ2) were used. The prevalence of signs of burnout was estimated in punctual proportions accompanied by the respective confidence intervals (CI = 95%). To analyze the associations between the independent variables and signs of burnout, the Hierarchical Logistic Regression was used through an analysis adjusted by the other independent variables involved in the models (CI = 95%). Results showed that the prevalence of individuals who showed signs of burnout was 40.4%. The hierarchical multiple regression model pointed to: female sex (OR = 1.30; 1.11-1.51); age between 20-24 years (OR = 1.51; 1.25-1.83); and 25-29 years (OR = 1.69; 1.27-2.24); being single (OR = 2.67; 1.01-7.10); presenting regular/poor health perception (OR = 1.59; 1.13-2.22), belonging to Human Sciences courses (OR = 1.37; 1.14-1.64); attending 2nd or 3rd year (OR = 1.34; 1.12-1.61); poor academic performance (OR = 5.35; 4.11-6.96); mean (OR = 2.08; 1.78-2.43). We conclude that academics showed a high prevalence of health risk behaviors and correlate and diagnose emotional problems and signs of burnout. Signs of burnout were significantly associated with the practice of physical activity in its three dimensions; however, in the adjusted analysis for demographic indicators, the characteristics of the university environment, and health behaviors, physical activity was not significant for the model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Octaviano de Souza
- Laboratory Federal University of Paraná- UFPR, Organization Research and Studies Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/Faculty of Technology and Sciences of Northern Paraná -UNIFATECIE, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flavio Ricardo Guilherme
- Laboratory University of Barcelona- UB, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UNIFATECIE Laboratory, Organization of the Study and Research Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/UNIFATECIE, Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Rui Gonçalves Marques Elias
- Laboratory State University of Northern Paraná- UENP, Department Health Sciences Center- CCS, Organization Research Group on Lifestyle, Exercise and Health - GPVES/UENP, Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lopes Dos Reis
- Laboratory University of Barcelona- UB, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,UNIFATECIE Laboratory, Organization of the Study and Research Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/UNIFATECIE, Paranavaí, Brazil.,Laboratory State University of Northern Paraná- UENP, Department Health Sciences Center- CCS, Organization Research Group on Lifestyle, Exercise and Health - GPEVES/UENP, Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Otavio Augusto Garbin de Souza
- Laboratory University of Northern Paraná- UNOPAR, Organization Research and Studies Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/Faculty of Technology and Sciences of Northern Paraná -UNIFATECIE, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miquel Robert Ferrer
- Laboratory University of Barcelona- UB, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sérgio Luiz Carlos Dos Santos
- Laboratory University of Barcelona- UB, Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Osiecki
- Laboratory Federal University of Paraná- UFPR, Organization Research and Studies Group in Physical Education, Health and Performance - GPESDE/Faculty of Technology and Sciences of Northern Paraná -UNIFATECIE, Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu Y, Liu Q, Yan H, Gao S, Liu T. Job burnout and its impact on work ability in biosafety laboratory staff during the COVID-19 epidemic in Xinjiang. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:543. [PMID: 34732164 PMCID: PMC8563825 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased the physical and psychological stress of medical workers. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of job burnout and its impact on work ability among Biosafety Laboratory (BSL) staffs during the COVID-19 epidemic in Xinjiang. METHODS A total of 7911 qualified BSL staffs in Xinjiang were investigated by electronic questionnaires. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used for job burnout survey. Work Ability Index (WAI) was used for work ability survey. The prevalence and risk factors of job burnout in BSL staffs were analyzed through chi square test, t-test and one-way ANOVA. And then, the influence of demographic and job-related variables, i.e., confounding factors, were eliminated to the greatest extent by the propensity score analysis (PSA) method, to investigate the impact of job burnout on work ability in BSL staffs. RESULTS A total of 67.6% BSL staffs experienced job burnout. There were significant differences in the detection rate of job burnout among demographic and job-related variables, including gender, age, ethnicity, education, working years, professional title, marital status, number of night shift per month and overall sleep condition (all P < 0.05). The detection rate of job burnout in female was higher than that in male. The detection rates of job burnout in 45-50 years old, Han ethnicity, education of postgraduate or above, 11-20 years of working, intermediate professional title, married, staff with many night shifts per month and poor overall sleep condition were higher than that of other groups. The average burnout scores of the Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Cynicism (CY), Reduced Personal Accomplishment (PA) scale were 10.00 ± 5.99, 4.64 ± 4.59 and 15.25 ± 8.16, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the three dimensions of job burnout, i.e., EE, CY, PE, were negatively correlated with work ability and significantly affected the work ability of BSL staffs (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the prevalence of job burnout is extremely common among BSL staffs. In addition, the work ability decreases with the increase of job burnout and the improvement of job burnout can enhance work ability among BSL staffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqin Lu
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China ,Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, 830026 Xinjiang China
| | - Qi Liu
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| | - Huan Yan
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China ,Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Green Processing of Nature Product Center, Xinjiang Autonomous Academy of Instrumental Analysis, Urumqi, Xinjiang China
| | - Sunyujie Gao
- Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, 830026 Xinjiang China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aghajani Liasi G, Mahdi Nejad S, Sami N, Khakpour S, Ghorbani Yekta B. The prevalence of educational burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students of the Islamic Azad University in Tehran, Iran. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:471. [PMID: 34482821 PMCID: PMC8418739 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological disorders have negative consequences on students' learning and academic performance. In addition, academic burnout is one of the common challenges that affects students' motivation and academic eagerness; however, the determinant is not clear. Medical students, meanwhile, demand special attention due to their professional responsibilities. In this regard, this study is conducted to investigate the academic burnout, rate of depression, anxiety and stress as well as related factors among undergraduate medical students at the Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University. METHODS This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on medical students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 2017. In phase I, conducted on all stager students, Maslach Burnout questionnaire was used. In phase II, the DASS-42 questionnaire was provided for 123 students, 120 of whom met the inclusion criteria. In addition, another questionnaire including gender, age, lifestyle, marital and financial status, nutrition style, vitamin D deficiency, smoking, study hours per week, work efficiency and distance from the place of residence to the teaching hospital was used. Finally, the data extracted by SPSS version 23 was analyzed at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS In phase I of the study, 17 subjects showed academic burnout (16.3%). Out of all, 76.5% of students with academic burnout did not focus on the study and students' academic burnout was associated with a decrease in their focus (P < 0.05). However, the relationship between academic burnout and other factors was not significant. In phase II, the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 37.5, 41.1 and 30.3%, respectively. The prevalence of severe and very severe degrees that required psychiatric follow-up were 10.5, 10.5 and 7% for depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. According to statistical analyzes, there is a significant direct relationship between anxiety and the distance from the place of residence to the teaching hospital (P = 0.040). CONCLUSION The present study estimated the prevalence of academic burnout to be between 9.2 and 23.4%, considering the 5% error in the calculation, and the level of anxiety was related to the distance from the place of residence to the hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aghajani Liasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mahdi Nejad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sami
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Khakpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Ghorbani Yekta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jakovljevic B, Stojanovic K, Nikolic Turnic T, Jakovljevic VL. Burnout of Physicians, Pharmacists and Nurses in the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serbian Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168728. [PMID: 34444476 PMCID: PMC8392171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research was a prospective, cross-sectional observational study of 128 health workers in the central part of the Republic of Serbia. The study surveyed health workers (physicians, pharmacists and nurses) who worked during peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Serbia in June and November 2020. The Maslach Burnout Survey for Medical Personnel addresses three scales: (a) emotional exhaustion (EE) measures feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one’s work; (b) depersonalization (DP) measures an unfeeling and impersonal response toward recipients of one’s service, care treatment, or instruction; and (c) personal accomplishment (PA) measures feelings of competence and successful achievement in one’s work. Linear regression and the chi-square test were used to test a relationship between the input variables (x) and the single output variable (y). We can conclude that most health workers had a high degree of emotional exhaustion, but also a low degree of depersonalization and a high degree of sense of personal achievement. Nurses and physicians had similar answers on the pandemic during their work, but pharmacists had different answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Jakovljevic
- Academy for Applied Studies, The College of Health Studies, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Stojanovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (K.S.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (K.S.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, 8 Trubetskaya Street 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Waechter R, Stahl G, Rabie S, Colak B, Johnson-Rais D, Landon B, Petersen K, Davari S, Zaw T, Mandalaneni K, Punch B. Mitigating medical student stress and anxiety: Should schools mandate participation in wellness intervention programs? MEDICAL TEACHER 2021; 43:945-955. [PMID: 33832384 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1902966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medical students are at increased risk of poor mental health and need to regularly engage in preventive programs to maintain well-being. However, many do not and it remains an open question whether these programs should be mandatory. We implemented a RCT to examine the effectiveness of assigning medical students to a wellness intervention on adherence to engagement in the assigned intervention and on psychological and academic outcomes. METHOD Medical students participated in a 12-week randomized controlled intervention involving one-hour wellness sessions of either (1) yoga; (2) mindfulness; or (3) walking, held twice-weekly. Students completed standardized psychological assessments at baseline and following the intervention. RESULTS Students randomized to the wellness intervention group engaged in more minutes of assigned activities than students randomized to the control. There was a significant difference in the change from pre- to post- intervention on measures of state anxiety and perceived stress, with better outcomes for the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS The assignment of twice-weekly wellness intervention sessions protects medical students from state anxiety and perceived stress with no negative impact on academic performance. Students adhered to the sessions and reported enjoying the sessions once trying them. Actual engagement is more important than wellness activity type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall Waechter
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada
| | - Gabriel Stahl
- Emergency Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sara Rabie
- Department of Educational Services, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada
| | - Bora Colak
- Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Debbi Johnson-Rais
- Division of Student Affairs and Enrollment Management, College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Barbara Landon
- Psychological Services Center, School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada
| | | | - Shirin Davari
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada
| | - Thinn Zaw
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada
| | | | - Bianca Punch
- Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George, Grenada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Koo K, Javier-DesLoges JF, Fang R, North AC, Cone EB. Professional Burnout, Career Choice Regret, and Unmet Needs for Well-Being Among Urology Residents. Urology 2021; 157:57-63. [PMID: 34174271 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure burnout and career choice regret from the American Urological Association Census, a national sample of urology residents, and to identify unmet needs for well-being. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study describing U.S. urology residents' responses to the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory and questions about career and specialty choice regret from the 2019 AUA Census. Respondents reported and prioritized unmet needs for resident well-being. RESULTS Among 415 respondents (31% response), the prevalence of professional burnout was 47%. Burnout symptoms were significantly higher among second-year residents (65%) compared to other training levels (P = .02). Seventeen and 9% of respondents reported regretting their overall career and specialty choices, respectively. Among the 53% of respondents who had ever reconsidered career and specialty choice, a majority (54%) experienced this most frequently during the second year of residency, significantly more than other training levels (P = .04). Regarding unmet needs, 62% of respondents prioritized the ability to attend personal health appointments; the majority experienced difficulty attending such appointments during work hours, more so among women than men (70% vs 53%, P < .01). CONCLUSION In the largest study of urology resident burnout to date, 47% of residents, including 65% of second-year residents, met criteria for professional burnout. One in 6 residents reported career choice regret. Targeting interventions to early-career residents and enabling access to medical and mental health care should be priorities for reform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Koo
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | | | | | - Amanda C North
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Eugene B Cone
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aljohani AM, Al-Zalabani AH. Lifestyle factors and quality of life among primary health care physicians in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4732-4737. [PMID: 34354461 PMCID: PMC8324932 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physicians are considered to be a high-risk population for a poor quality of life (QoL), but few studies of lifestyle factors include the QoL among them. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle factors and a positive QoL among primary health care (PHC) physicians. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at 20 primary healthcare centers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was used, including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle data, and the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Appropriate statistical analyses were used, including multivariate logistic regression models. Results The response rate was 85.7% (72/84) physicians. The mean score of the total QoL and its four studied domains (physical, psychological, social, and environmental) was relatively high, with no statistically significant difference between the consultants and general practitioners. The positive total QoL in this study was significantly lower among physicians with obesity (OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.25–0.97), those using butter and animal fat for cooking (OR = 0.10, 95%CI = 0.02–0.81), and those eating meals out > 3 times per week (OR = 0.30, 95%CI = 0.10–0.90). Although non-significant, vegetable consumption and a high level of physical activity were associated with a positive QoL, with adjusted ORs of 2.5 (95%CI = 0.82–7.58) and 1.5 (95%CI = 0.33–6.65), respectively. Conclusion The findings indicate a relatively good QoL among the participating physicians; however, a lower QoL was associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors. QoL was significantly associated with obesity, cooking practices, and eating meals from restaurants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atallah Mohammad Aljohani
- Ministry of Health, General Health and Preventive Medicine Administration, Preventive Medicine Clinics Complex, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wilf-Miron R, Kagan I, Saban M. Health behaviors of medical students decline towards residency: how could we maintain and enhance these behaviors throughout their training. Isr J Health Policy Res 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33866965 PMCID: PMC8054363 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-021-00447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined health behaviors and perceptions among medical students and compared them with the results of a previous survey among residents and senior physicians. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among second-year medical students (2015-2018) and among physicians (2015) using an online questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Significantly more physicians perceived their health as bad, compared with students. Half of the residents, compared with one-third of senior physicians and one-fifth of students, reported high emotional stress. Residents reported the worst, and students - the best, eating habits. Logistic regression models demonstrated that lower emotional stress, healthy eating habits, adequate sleep, lower body mass index and not having a regular physician, explained good perceived health. Female gender, being a resident, bad perceived health, unhealthy eating habits, less sleep and not having a regular physician, were correlated with high emotional stress. CONCLUSIONS The healthy lifestyle of medical students declines towards residency. Given the workload and emotional stress of their chosen profession, it is advised that medical school curriculum provide students with measures to help them to adopt healthier lifestyles, allowing students and physicians to be better role models and the healthcare system to perform better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wilf-Miron
- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilya Kagan
- Nursing Department, School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mor Saban
- The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
De Simone S, Vargas M, Servillo G. Organizational strategies to reduce physician burnout: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:883-894. [PMID: 31598914 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing "process" of burnout impair performance and quality of professional services, with consequences for physicians, healthcare care organization, and patient's outcomes. AIMS We aim to evaluate which strategy of intervention, individual or organization directed, is more effective to reduce physician burnout and to provide management suggestions in terms of actual organizational strategies and intensity leading to reductions in physician burnout. METHODS The meta analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included physicians of any specialty in the primary, secondary, or intensive care setting, including residents and fellows. Eligible interventions were any intervention designed to relieve stress and/or improve the performance of physicians and reported burnout outcomes, including physician-directed interventions and organization-directed interventions. The electronic search strategy applied standard filters for identification of the different studies. Databases searched were the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (from inception to September 2018), and EMBASE (from beginning to September 2018). Meta analysis was performed with mixed random effect using DerSimonian and Laird method. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI for each outcome were separately calculated for each trial pooling data when needed, according to an intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS Pooled interventions were associated with small significant reductions in burnout (SMD = - 0.289; 95% CI, - 0.419 to - 0.159; I2 = 29%) (Fig. 2). Organization-directed interventions were associated with a medium reduction in burnout score (SMD = - 0.446; 95% CI, - 0.619 to - 0.274; I2 = 8%) while physician-directed interventions were associated with a moderate reduction in burnout score (SMD = - 0.178; 95% CI, - 0.322 to - 0.035; I2 = 11%). DISCUSSION This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that (1) organization-directed interventions were associated with moderate reduction in burnout score, (2) physician-directed interventions were associated with small reduction in burnout score, (3) organization-directed interventions reduced more the depersonalization than physician-directed interventions, (4) organization-directed interventions were related to a more improvement of the personal accomplishment than physician-directed interventions. CONCLUSIONS This meta analysis found that physicians could gain important benefits from interventions to reduce burnout, especially from organizational strategies, by viewing burnout rooted in issues related to the working environment and organizational culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Simone
- Institute for Research on Innovation and Services for Development, National Research Council of Italy, Via San Felice, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Vargas
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duong N, Bollipo S, Repaka A, Sebastian S, Tennyson C, Charabaty A. When burn-out reaches a pandemic level in gastroenterology: a call for a more sustainable work-life balance. Frontline Gastroenterol 2021; 12:440-443. [PMID: 35401964 PMCID: PMC8989001 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2020-101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Duong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven Bollipo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aparna Repaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, VA Boston Healthcare System; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaji Sebastian
- IBD Unit, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Christina Tennyson
- Fellow, Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, Tuscon, Arizona, USA
| | - Aline Charabaty
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Sibley Memorial Hospital; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Physician Burnout: Solutions for Individuals and Organizations. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3418. [PMID: 33680666 PMCID: PMC7929696 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Burnout in medicine has become a national epidemic, affecting greater than one third of physicians, and yet physicians, departments, and institutions remain ill equipped to address it. Burnout is a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of accomplishment that occurs as a response to one’s environment. We have a moral and ethical imperative to address physician burnout, as it has immense implications within healthcare. Solutions have historically focused on changing the behavior of the individual, but research has demonstrated that long-lasting change is brought about by intervening at the organizational level, which requires that leadership champion these efforts. Departmental and hospital leadership play a critical role in addressing the drivers of burnout. Here, we outline evidence-based strategies to combat physician burnout at both the individual and organizational levels and review what has been explored within the field of plastic surgery.
Collapse
|
33
|
Khosravi M. Burnout among Iranian medical students: Prevalence and its relationship to personality dimensions and physical activity. Eur J Transl Myol 2021. [DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown the association between personality traits and academic burnout. But the main goal of the present study was to find out an experimental answer to the following question: Does the relationship between personality dimensions and academic burnout is a simple relationship or physical activity can influence this relationship. In this cross-sectional correlational study, 417 medical students were selected from three major cities of Iran through stratified multistage sampling and assessed by demographic information form, Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, Temperament and Character Inventory, and Breso’s Academic Burnout Questionnaire. Bivariate Pearson correlations and hierarchical linear regression were used to examine the relationships between academic burnout, personality traits, and physical activity. In this study, 400 medical students (39% male and 61% female) filled the questionnaires correctly. The total prevalence of academic burnout was 25.5% (n=102), with heterogeneous levels. Regression analysis indicated that in a multivariate model, being male (β=0.08, p=0.013), higher years of medical school (β=0.18, p˂0.001), and lower scores in novelty seeking (β=-0.53, p=0.006), cooperativeness (β=-0.55, p=0.010), and physical activity (β=-1.22, p˂0.001) could be attributed to higher scores of academic burnout. Furthermore, physical activity had a moderating role in “novelty seeking-academic burnout” (β=-0.47, p=0.044) and “cooperativeness-academic burnout” (β=-0.89, p=0.001) relationships (∆R2=0.02, p˂0.001). The results suggested that male gender, higher years of medical school, and lower levels of novelty seeking, cooperativeness, and physical activity are associated with higher levels of academic burnout among Iranian medical students. Therefore, paying attention to male gender and individual difference factors, as well as planning for physical education classes during the medicine courses (especially in the last years of medical school), seems essential. However, more extensive investigations need to be carried out in this field through longitudinal studies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Khosravi M. Burnout among Iranian medical students: Prevalence and its relationship to personality dimensions and physical activity. Eur J Transl Myol 2021; 31:9411. [PMID: 33709649 PMCID: PMC8056162 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown the association between personality traits and academic burnout. But the main goal of the present study was to find out an experimental answer to the following questions: Is there a simple relationship between personality dimensions and academic burnout? Can physical activity affect this relationship?. In this cross-sectional correlational study, 417 medical students were selected from three major cities of Iran through stratified multistage sampling and assessed by demographic information form, Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, Temperament and Character Inventory, and Breso's Academic Burnout Questionnaire. Bivariate Pearson correlations and hierarchical linear regression were used to examine the relationships between academic burnout, personality traits, and physical activity. In this study, 400 medical students (39% male and 61% female) filled the questionnaires correctly. The total prevalence of academic burnout was 25.5% (n=102), with heterogeneous levels. Regression analysis indicated that in a multivariate model, being male (β=0.08, p=0.013), higher years of medical school (β=0.18, p˂0.001), and lower scores in novelty seeking (β=-0.53, p=0.006), cooperativeness (β=-0.55, p=0.010), and physical activity (β=-1.22, p˂0.001) could be attributed to higher scores of academic burnout. Furthermore, physical activity had a moderating role in "novelty seeking-academic burnout" (β=-0.47, p=0.044) and "cooperativeness-academic burnout" (β=-0.89, p=0.001) relationships (ΔR2=0.02, p˂0.001). The results suggested that male gender, higher years of medical school, and lower levels of novelty seeking, cooperativeness, and physical activity are associated with higher levels of academic burnout among Iranian medical students. Therefore, paying attention to male gender and individual difference factors, as well as planning for physical education classes during the medicine courses (especially in the last years of medical school), seems essential. However, more extensive investigations need to be carried out in this field through longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Baharan Psychiatric Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Postal Code: 9813913777, Zahedan, Iran. +98-5433522636, +98-5433518352. ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2970-6309
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lo C, Yu J, Görges M, Matava C. Anesthesia in the modern world of apps and technology: Implications and impact on wellness. Paediatr Anaesth 2021; 31:31-38. [PMID: 33119935 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have seen an unprecedented leap in digital innovation, with far-reaching implications in healthcare. Anesthesiologists have historically championed the adoption of new technologies. However, the rapid evolution of these technologies has outpaced attempts at studying their potential impact on healthcare providers' well-being. This document introduces several categories of workplace technologies commonly encountered by the anesthesiologist. We examine examples of novel technology and the impact of these digital interventions on the anesthesiologist's well-being. We also review popular personalized technology aimed at improving wellness and the impact on well-being examined. Finally, technology acceptance models are introduced to improve technology adoption, which, when appropriately applied, may minimize the negative impacts of technology on anesthesiologists' well-being. Incorporating quantitative, serial assessments of well-being as part of technology implementation are proposed as a future direction for examining the wellness impact of technology on anesthesiologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Lo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthias Görges
- Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clyde Matava
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vazquez Morgan M. Promoting Student Wellness and Self-Care During COVID 19: The Role of Institutional Wellness. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:797355. [PMID: 35002811 PMCID: PMC8727360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and burnout are serious and growing threats to the mental health of medical trainees. Recent estimates of burnout in medical students and residents are quite high, with more than half displaying signs of stress, anxiety and depression. The COVID-19 pandemic has only heightened the state of poor mental health in these student populations. It is the position of LSU Health Shreveport Office of Institutional Wellness that a critical need exists for academic institutions to evaluate challenges to self-care and wellbeing in medical trainees. Such evaluations may pave the way for the development of effective institutional wellness initiatives and strategies, with the goal of reducing barriers to self-care to promote better mental and physical health, and facilitate improved quality of life in medical students and residents.
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang M, Murphy B, Cabanilla A, Yidi C. Physical relaxation for occupational stress in healthcare workers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12243. [PMID: 34235817 PMCID: PMC8263904 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Work related stress is a major occupational health problem that is associated with adverse effects on physical and mental health. Healthcare workers are particularly vulnerable in the era of COVID-19. Physical methods of stress relief such as yoga and massage therapy may reduce occupational stress. The objective of this systematic review and network meta-analysis is to determine the effects of yoga, massage therapy, progressive muscle relaxation, and stretching on alleviating stress and improving physical and mental health in healthcare workers. METHODS Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials on the use of physical relaxation methods for occupational stress in healthcare workers with any duration of follow-up. Meta-analysis was performed for standard mean differences in stress measures from baseline between subjects undergoing relaxation vs non-intervention controls. Network meta-analysis was conducted to determine the best relaxation method. RESULTS Fifteen trials representing 688 healthcare workers were identified. Random-effects meta-analysis shows that physical relaxation methods overall reduced measures of occupational stress at the longest duration of follow-up vs baseline compared to non-intervention controls (SMD -0.53; 95% CI [-0.74 to -0.33]; p < .00001). On network meta-analysis, only yoga alone (SMD -0.71; 95% CI [-1.01 to -0.41]) and massage therapy alone (SMD -0.43; 95% CI [-0.72 to -0.14]) were more effective than control, with yoga identified as the best method (p-score = .89). CONCLUSION Physical relaxation may help reduce occupational stress in healthcare workers. Yoga is particularly effective and offers the convenience of online delivery. Employers should consider implementing these methods into workplace wellness programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zhang
- Administration DivisionSouthern Nevada Health DistrictLas VegasNVUSA
| | - Brittany Murphy
- Department of Exercise ScienceFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA
| | | | - Christina Yidi
- Department of Veterans AffairsOrlando VA Healthcare SystemOrlandoFLUSA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rajapuram N, Langness S, Marshall MR, Sammann A. Medical students in distress: The impact of gender, race, debt, and disability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243250. [PMID: 33270759 PMCID: PMC7714351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2012, over half of US medical students experienced burnout and depression. Since that time, there have been many changes to student demographics, school resources and awareness of burnout in the medical field altogether. New tools are also available to screen for student distress, a condition that correlates with low mental quality-of-life, suicidal ideation and serious thoughts of dropping out. Despite increased attention on wellbeing and improved screening methods, no large-scale studies have evaluated student distress in the modern era of medical education. The objective of this study was to determine the current prevalence of medical student distress and contributing risk factors. Methods Student wellbeing from a national cohort of US medical students was measured with an electronic survey in a prospective, observational survey study from 2019–2020. Medical student distress was defined as a Medical Student Wellbeing Index (MS-WBI) of ≥4. Demographic details including age, race, gender, marital status, disability, desired specialty, and debt burden were evaluated in a multivariate logistic regression model to determine possible risk factors for the development of distress. Results A total of 3,162 students responded to the survey, representing 110 unique medical schools. Of these respondents, 52.9% met criteria for distress and 22% had either taken or considered taking a leave of absence for personal wellbeing. Independent risk factors for distress included involvement in the clinical phase of medical school (OR 1.37); non-male gender (OR 1.6); debt burden >$20,000 (OR 1.37), >$100,000 (OR 1.81), and >$300,000 (OR 1.96); and disability status (OR 1.84). Conclusions Medical student wellbeing remains poor in the modern era of medical education despite increased attention to wellbeing and increased availability of wellbeing resources. Disability status is a novel risk factor for distress identified in this study. The persistence of previously identified risk factors such as non-male gender, debt burden and clinical phase of school suggest that efforts to curb medical student distress have been inadequate to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Rajapuram
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Simone Langness
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Megan R. Marshall
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Amanda Sammann
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Milner JD, DeFroda SF, Cruz AI. Fitness habits and barriers to exercise during residency training. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2020; 12:8507. [PMID: 33312484 PMCID: PMC7726825 DOI: 10.4081/or.2020.8507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While physicians advise patients on healthy lifestyle habits, physicians may struggle to abide by their own recommendations. We sought to characterize resident physician participation in exercise, their barriers to exercise, and the effect of exercise on their overall wellness. We hypothesized that residents who exercised would have less depression and greater wellbeing. Trainees at a university-based institution were surveyed. Data regarding exercise habits, hours worked, barriers to exercise, and mental health were acquired. Mental health was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Inter-group differences were analyzed using chi-squared testing; statistical significance was set at PÃ0.05. 129 trainees responded to the survey. 84 trainees reported exercising while 45 denied. 63 exercisers reported “living a healthy lifestyle” compared to 18 nonexercisers (PÃ0.001). Exercisers were more likely to report “Time” as their greatest barrier to exercise (PÃ0.001). Fifty-five exercisers answered “Not at all” when asked about how often they experience anhedonia compared to 23 non-exercisers. Trainees who exercise are more likely to report living a healthy lifestyle and less likely to experience anhedonia than non-exercisers, demonstrating the importance of exercise during residency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Milner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Steven F DeFroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aristides I Cruz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gleason F, Baker SJ, Wood T, Wood L, Hollis RH, Chu DI, Lindeman B. Emotional Intelligence and Burnout in Surgical Residents: A 5-Year Study. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2020; 77:e63-e70. [PMID: 32819871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the interactions of burnout with internal and external factors over the past 5 years for surgery residents at our institution. We hypothesized that burnout levels would be consistent among years, inversely related to emotional intelligence (EI) and job resources, and directly related to disruptive behaviors. DESIGN General surgery residents at a single institution were invited to complete a survey each year from 2015 to 2019 that included a combination of the 22-item Maslach-Burnout Inventory, 30-item trait EI questionnaire, as well as focused questions assessing disruptive behaviors (8 items), job resources (8 items), and demographic characteristics. Burnout was defined as scoring high in depersonalization (≥ 10 points) or emotional exhaustion (≥ 27 points). Student's t tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare continuous variables; chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, as appropriate. Spearman's rho was used to calculate correlation. A logistic regression and separate linear regression model were constructed to assess relation of variables to burnout. SETTING The general surgery residency program at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, a large tertiary care academic center. RESULTS An average of 47 surveys were completed each year, for a total of 236 (response rate 81%). One hundred seventeen (58.5%) met criteria for burnout. Burnout rates each year ranged from 68% to 53%, with the lowest value occurring in 2019. Incidence of burnout was lowest among the postgraduate year (PGY) 1 class and highest among the PGY5 class (38% versus 64%, p = 0.02). Individuals without burnout had higher scores for EI overall (5.7 versus 5.3, p < 0.001) as well as in each of its 4 subcomponents (p < 0.001). Individuals who were subjected to disruptive behaviors, particularly others taking credit for work and public humiliation, were more likely to experience burnout (p = 0.02). Those with burnout also had significantly lower scores in each of the 4 domains of the Job Resources model (p < 0.01). On multivariate logistic regression, increasing PGY level remained a significant predictor of burnout risk. Each of the sub-domains of EI and jobs resources inversely corelated with burnout, while disruptive behaviors directly correlated with burnout. ON subsequent multivariable linear regression, resident well-being and professional development remained independent predictors of lower burnout scores. CONCLUSIONS Burnout is prevalent among trainees at our institution, but a trend toward improvement has been shown over 5 years. Burnout rates increase each year of surgical training beyond PGY2. Factors that mitigate burnout include resident well-being and professional development. Disruptive behaviors lead to increase burnout rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gleason
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Tara Wood
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lauren Wood
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Daniel I Chu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXIII. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:860-862. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burnout is an occupational hazard for physicians at all stages of training and medical practice. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether residency factors, with the use of an activity monitor, including the amount of exercise, have any impact on burnout among orthopaedic surgery residents in varying years of training. METHODS Orthopaedic residents at a single institution were recruited immediately before beginning a new clinical rotation and followed for four weeks. On enrollment, the participants were given a wrist-worn activity monitor (Fitbit Flex) and instructed on its use for tracking physical activity. REDCap was used to collect burnout levels (as assessed by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), which were completed a total of five times, once at enrollment and weekly during the study period. RESULTS Twenty-seven residents were enrolled, including 13 junior residents (interns and second years) and 14 senior residents (third, fourth, and fifth years). Seven residents were on fracture rotations, whereas 20 were not. As measured by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, juniors were more emotionally exhausted (P = 0.01) and depersonalized (P = 0.027). No difference in the objective physical activity data as measured by using the Fitbit Flex and no difference in the self-reported hours of sleep were observed. Residents on orthopaedic trauma rotations also reported significantly higher rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (P < 0.001) than other residents and were more physically active on average (P < 0.030). DISCUSSION Although depersonalization and depression are common symptoms seen among orthopaedic surgery residents, this study demonstrated that quality of life improves markedly as they progress through their residency training. Residents on orthopedic trauma rotations have greater levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. This pilot study suggests that burnout prevention programs should begin at the start of training to provide residents with strategies to combat and then reinforced while on orthopaedic trauma rotations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III Diagnostic Study.
Collapse
|
43
|
Tai-Seale M, Dillon EC, Yang Y, Nordgren R, Steinberg RL, Nauenberg T, Lee TC, Meehan A, Li J, Chan AS, Frosch DL. Physicians' Well-Being Linked To In-Basket Messages Generated By Algorithms In Electronic Health Records. Health Aff (Millwood) 2020; 38:1073-1078. [PMID: 31260371 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite concerns about physicians' workload associated with electronic health records (EHRs), little attention has been paid to the relationship between physicians' well-being and the in-basket messages physicians receive-specifically, their volume and sources. Analyses of EHR work performed by physicians in a multispecialty practice found that in-basket messages generated by the EHR system accounted for almost half (114) of the 243 weekly in-basket messages received per physician, on average-far exceeding the numbers received from their colleagues (53) and patients (30). In a survey, 36 percent of the physicians reported burnout symptoms, and 29 percent intended to reduce their clinical work time in the upcoming year. Receiving more than the average number of system-generated in-basket messages was associated with 40 percent higher probability of burnout and 38 percent higher probability of intending to reduce clinical work time. Physicians' perceptions of a positive work environment were associated with lower odds of burnout and intention to reduce clinical work time and with greater satisfaction with life. Female physicians had a higher risk of burnout and lower satisfaction with life, compared to males. Meaningful redesign of EHR in-basket workflow and a wellness-enhancing work environment are necessary to effectively improve physicians' well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tai-Seale
- Ming Tai-Seale ( ) is a professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego; director of outcomes analysis and scholarship at UC San Diego Health; and director of research at UCSD Health Sciences International, in La Jolla
| | - Ellis C Dillon
- Ellis C. Dillon is an assistant scientist in the Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, in California
| | - Yan Yang
- Yan Yang is a research economist in the Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
| | - Robert Nordgren
- Robert Nordgren is CEO of the Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group
| | - Ruth L Steinberg
- Ruth L. Steinberg is chair of the Physician Wellbeing Committee, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
| | - Teresa Nauenberg
- Teresa Nauenberg is a physician in the internal medicine and concierge medicine departments at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation
| | - Tim C Lee
- Tim C. Lee is a physician in the pediatrics department, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
| | - Amy Meehan
- Amy Meehan is a research associate in the Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
| | - Jinnan Li
- Jinnan Li is a quantitative analyst in the Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
| | - Albert Solomon Chan
- Albert Solomon Chan is chief of digital patient experience and an investigator at Sutter Health, in Palo Alto, and an adjunct professor at the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford School of Medicine, in California
| | - Dominick L Frosch
- Dominick L. Frosch is director of the Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Larson DP, Carlson ML, Lohse CM, O'Brien EK, Kircher ML, Gurgel RK, Hunter JB, Micco AG, Nogan SJ, O'Connell BP, Rangarajan SV, Rivas A, Sweeney AD, Wanna GB, Weisskopf PA, Choby G. Prevalence of and Associations With Distress and Professional Burnout Among Otolaryngologists: Part I, Trainees. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 164:1019-1029. [PMID: 32988285 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820959273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of distress and burnout in otolaryngology trainees, including associations with relevant sociodemographic and professional factors, and to compare these results with those of attending otolaryngologists. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of trainees and attending physicians. SETTING Twelve academic otolaryngology programs. METHODS Distress and burnout were measured with the Expanded Physician Well-being Index and the 2-item Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 were used to screen for depressive disorders and anxiety disorders, respectively. Associations with sociodemographic and professional characteristics were assessed. RESULTS Of the 613 surveys administered to trainees and attending physicians, 340 were completed (56%). Among 154 trainees, distress was present in 49%, professional burnout in 35%, positive depressive disorder screening in 5%, and positive anxiety disorder screening in 16%. In univariable analysis, female gender, hours worked in a typical week (HW), and nights on call in a typical week (NOC) were significantly associated with distress. In multivariable analysis, female gender (odds ratio, 3.91; P = .001) and HW (odds ratio for each 10 HW, 1.89; P = .003) remained significantly associated with distress. Female gender, HW, and NOC were significantly associated with burnout univariably, although only HW (odds ratio for each 10 HW, 1.92; P = .003) remained significantly associated with burnout in a multivariable setting. Attending physicians had less distress than trainees (P = .02) and felt less callous and less emotionally hardened than trainees (P < .001). CONCLUSION Otolaryngology trainees experience significant work-place distress (49%) and burnout (35%). Gender, HW, and NOC had the strongest associations with distress and burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew L Carlson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine M Lohse
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew L Kircher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard K Gurgel
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jacob B Hunter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alan G Micco
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen J Nogan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brendan P O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sanjeet V Rangarajan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alex D Sweeney
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George B Wanna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter A Weisskopf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Garret Choby
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alotni MA, Elgazzar SE. Investigation of Burnout, its Associated Factors and its Effect on the Quality of Life of Critical Care Nurses Working in Buraydah Central Hospital at Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Open Nurs J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434602014010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Burnout is a grave problem for critical care workers because they are exposed to prolonged psychosocial stressors, including advanced technology, high responsibilities and great patient acuity. The aim of this study was to investigate burnout, its associated factors and its effect on self-care among critical care nurses.
Methods:
A descriptive correlational research design was carried out with 170 critical care nurses at Buraydah Central Hospital at Qassim Region in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic and work-related characteristics was used, as well as the Short Form SF12 to assess the quality of life, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess the level of burnout.
Results:
The three Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales, high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, low personal accomplishment and moderate total burnout score were used. The quality of life measure (sF12) showed moderate levels of physical, mental component score and total score of quality for the critical care nurses. Factors associated with burnout include age, nationality, and years of experience and the wish to change department showed statistical significance. Burnout and quality of life score had a significant negative correlation.
Conclusion:
Age, nationality, years of experience and wish to change department are all significantly associated with burnout. Finally, burnout and quality of life score of these critical care nurses had a negative significant correlation.
Collapse
|
46
|
Seo HY, Lee DW, Nam S, Cho SJ, Yoon JY, Hong YC, Lee N. Burnout as a Mediator in the Relationship between Work-Life Balance and Empathy in Healthcare Professionals. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:951-959. [PMID: 32933235 PMCID: PMC7538247 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to 1) explore the relationships among work-life balance (WLB), burnout, and empathy and 2) investigate the roles of the subtypes of burnout relating to WLB and empathy. METHODS A total of 105 health care professionals from a general hospital in Seoul were assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, and a one-sentence-question on subjective WLB. Multiple questions on psychiatric problems, including sleep problems, anxiety, depressive symptom, and alcohol problems, were also included. RESULTS In the mediation analyses, personal achievement was considered as a potential mediating variable between WLB and empathy. The direct effect (β=3.93, 95% CI: 1.21-6.64) and the indirect effect (β=1.95, 95% CI: 0.52-3.76) of WLB on empathy were also significant. CONCLUSION Interventions encouraging personal achievement may help mitigate burnout of health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwo-Yeon Seo
- Public Health Medical Service, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Nam
- Human Rights Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yoon
- Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Lee
- Human Rights Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Byrnes C, Ganapathy VA, Lam M, Mogensen L, Hu W. Medical student perceptions of curricular influences on their wellbeing: a qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:288. [PMID: 32867759 PMCID: PMC7457773 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical student mental health and wellbeing is highly topical and the subject of much research. While theoretically informed definitions of wellbeing abound, how do medical students themselves understand and perceive wellbeing? What aspects of the curriculum do they regard as affecting their wellbeing and mental health? This study explored these questions, and aimed to identify factors associated with student acceptability of wellbeing programs and interventions. METHODS All students at an Australian undergraduate medical school (n = 619) were invited to complete a qualitative online questionnaire between 2017 and 2018 following the introduction of several wellbeing initiatives, including "Wellbeing Days" (WBD). WBD allow students to take single absence days for self-care. Open-ended questions were asked about perceptions and experience of mental health and wellbeing, and views on interventions to improve wellbeing such as WBD. Thematic analysis was conducted across all responses. Three authors developed preliminary themes, which were then refined and confirmed by all researchers. Thematic saturation was achieved within data from the 68 respondents, which included participants from all cohorts. RESULTS Participants described wellbeing as positively experienced work/life balance, impacted by four factors; contact hours, peer relationships, staff relationships, and trust in how wellbeing initiatives were used. Long contact hours were deemed incompatible with self-care activities, maintaining employment, and seeking professional medical/psychological help. Peers could promote wellbeing by offering social and academic support, but also undermine wellbeing by being competitors. Degree of trust, engagement and communication with staff influenced acceptability of interventions. Participants viewed initiatives such as WBD favourably, but distrust of peers, and of staff, led to perceptions that WBD could be prone to misuse, or used for surveillance rather than support. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that wellbeing days which allow self-care, reduction in contact hours, and peer support may promote student wellbeing, but the acceptability of any interventions is influenced by relationships between staff and students, and in particular, trust in these relationships. We suggest strategies to strengthen trust and further research to investigate the relationship between trust and perceptions of wellbeing in self and peers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Byrnes
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Ainsworth Building, Goldsmith Avenue, Campbelltown, NSW, 2056, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Anu Ganapathy
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Ainsworth Building, Goldsmith Avenue, Campbelltown, NSW, 2056, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Melinda Lam
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Ainsworth Building, Goldsmith Avenue, Campbelltown, NSW, 2056, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Lise Mogensen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Ainsworth Building, Goldsmith Avenue, Campbelltown, NSW, 2056, Australia
| | - Wendy Hu
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Ainsworth Building, Goldsmith Avenue, Campbelltown, NSW, 2056, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chung S, Dillon EC, Meehan AE, Nordgren R, Frosch DL. The Relationship Between Primary Care Physician Burnout and Patient-Reported Care Experiences: a Cross-sectional Study. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:2357-2364. [PMID: 32206992 PMCID: PMC7403375 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care physician (PCP) burnout is prevalent and on the rise. Physician burnout may negatively affect patient experience of care. OBJECTIVE To identify the direct impact of PCP burnout on patient experience in various domains of care. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study using physician well-being (PWB) surveys collected in 2016-2017, linked to responses from patient experience of care surveys. Patient demographics and practice characteristics were derived from the electronic health record. Linked data were analyzed at the physician level. SETTING A large non-profit multi-specialty ambulatory healthcare organization in northern California. PARTICIPANTS A total of 244 physicians practicing internal medicine or family medicine who responded to the PWB survey (response rate 72%), and 30,701 completed experience surveys from patients seeing these physicians. MEASUREMENTS Burnout was measured with a validated single-item question with a 5-point scale ranging from (1) enjoy work to (5) completely burned out and seeking help. Patient experience of patient-provider communication, access, and overall rating of provider was measured with Clinician & Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers & Systems (CG-CAHPS) survey. Patient experience scores (0-100 scale) were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and English proficiency. RESULTS Physician burnout had a negative impact on patient-reported experience of patient-provider communication but not on access or overall rating of providers. A one-level increase in burnout was associated with 0.43 decrease in adjusted patient-provider communication experience score (P < 0.01). LIMITATIONS Data came from a single large healthcare organization. Patterns may differ for small- and mid-sized practices. CONCLUSION Physician burnout adversely affects patient-provider communication in primary care visits. Efforts to improve physician work environments could have a meaningful positive impact on patient experience as well as physician well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukyung Chung
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA. .,Center for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Ellis C Dillon
- Center for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Amy E Meehan
- Center for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Dominick L Frosch
- Center for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee KP, Yeung N, Wong C, Yip B, Luk LHF, Wong S. Prevalence of medical students' burnout and its associated demographics and lifestyle factors in Hong Kong. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235154. [PMID: 32649681 PMCID: PMC7351184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout causes personal suffering and adverse professional consequences. It is prevalent among medical students, although the relationship between burnout and lifestyle factors are understudied in Chinese medical students. Thus, this study aims to (i) estimate the prevalence of burnout among medical students in Hong Kong (HK) and (ii) delineate the relationship between burnout and various lifestyle factors. METHOD 1,341 students were invited to complete a questionnaire from September to December 2017. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Lifestyle factors including drinking habit, sleep habit and quality, and exercise level were assessed by validated instruments, including Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity (GSLTPA), respectively. Smoking status and use of self-medications were also inquired into, while demographic data was self-reported. Prevalence of burnout with confidence intervals was calculated. Difference in lifestyle and demographic data in students with or without burnout, were compared by t-test and Chi-square/Fisher's exact test. From this, all associations with significant p-value at p<0.1 were entered into the multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS 731 students (55.6%) responded to the questionnaire. Prevalence of burnout was 27.9% (95%CI: 24.6%-31.5%). Only 3 students in the whole sample smoked; and 6.6% of students drank weekly but rarely drank more than 2 drinks per week. 6.3% and 2.3% self-medicated themselves with medications to improve their sleep and concentration, respectively. Using a multiple logistic regression model, only sleep quality and exercise level were significantly associated with the presence of burnout. CONCLUSION Around a quarter of medical students in HK suffered from burnout. Burnout was found to be significantly associated with sleep quality and physical exercise. The study also highlighted that HK medical students lived very different lifestyles from those from other countries. More research is needed to design and establish the effectiveness of lifestyle interventional programs that enhance exercise level and sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Lee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nelson Yeung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
| | - Ben Yip
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lawrence H. F. Luk
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Heath C, Sommerfield A, von Ungern-Sternberg BS. Resilience strategies to manage psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1364-1371. [PMID: 32534465 PMCID: PMC7323405 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic marks an extraordinary global public health crisis unseen in the last century, with its rapid spread worldwide and associated mortality burden. The longevity of the crisis and disruption to normality is unknown. With COVID-19 set to be a chronic health crisis, clinicians will be required to maintain a state of high alert for an extended period. The support received before and during an incident is likely to influence whether clinicians experience psychological growth or injury. An abundance of information is emerging on disease epidemiology, pathogenesis and infection control prevention. However, literature on interventions for supporting the psychological well-being of healthcare workers during disease outbreaks is limited. This article summarises the available management strategies to increase resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. It focuses on self-care and organisational justice. It highlights various individual as well as organisational strategies. With the success of slowing disease spread in many countries to date, and reduced work-load due to limitations on elective surgery in many institutions, there is more time and opportunity to be pro-active in implementing measures to mitigate or minimise potential adverse psychological effects and improve, restore and preserve the well-being of the workforce now and for years to come. The purpose of this review is to review available literature on strategies for minimising the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinicians and to identify pro-active holistic approaches which may be beneficial for healthcare workers both for the current crisis and into the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Heath
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A Sommerfield
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Peri-operative Medicine, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - B S von Ungern-Sternberg
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|