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Xu X, Zhuang X, Yu H, Li P, Li X, Lin H, Teoh JP, Chen Y, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Chen W, Fu X. FSH induces EMT in ovarian cancer via ALKBH5-regulated Snail m6A demethylation. Theranostics 2024; 14:2151-2166. [PMID: 38505602 PMCID: PMC10945345 DOI: 10.7150/thno.94161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic benefits of targeting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor in treatment of ovarian cancer are significant, whereas the role of FSH in ovarian cancer progresses and the underlying mechanism remains to be developed. Methods: Tissue microarray of human ovarian cancer, tumor xenograft mouse model, and in vitro cell culture were used to investigate the role of FSH in ovarian carcinogenesis. siRNA, lentivirus and inhibitors were used to trigger the inactivation of genes, and plasmids were used to increase transcription of genes. Specifically, pathological characteristic was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC), while signaling pathway was studied using western blot, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. Results: Histology and IHC of human normal ovarian and tumor tissue confirmed the association between FSH and Snail in ovarian cancer metastasis. Moreover, in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and xenograft mice, FSH was showed to promote epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress and metastasis of ovarian cancer via prolonging the half-life of Snail mRNA in a N6-methyladenine methylation (m6A) dependent manner, which was mechanistically through the CREB/ALKBH5 signaling pathway. Conclusions: These findings indicated that FSH induces EMT progression and ovarian cancer metastasis via CREB/ALKBH5/Snail pathway. Thus, this study provided new insight into the therapeutic strategy of ovarian cancer patients with high level of FSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefen Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haowei Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosa Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-peng Teoh
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanlan Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Al-Amri IS, Kadim IT, Al-Kindi AY, Khalaf SK, Al-Harrasi AS, Al-Hashmi SA, Al-Shibli AA, Al-Hadi WM, Al-Mahmuli MK, Jamshidi-Adegani F, Vakilian S, Al-Amri AI, Al-Yaqoobi SS, Al-Riyami KO. Microscopic Evaluation of Ovarian Surface Epithelium Following Treatment with Conjugated Estrogens in a Mouse Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:1913-1920. [PMID: 35763631 PMCID: PMC9587831 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.6.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) on the ovarian epithelium of female CD1 mice. METHODS Twenty-four female mice at 7 months with irregular estrus cycles were randomly divided into four groups of 6 mice each. Group one was considered as a control group and received a daily dose of 0.5ml of propylene glycol, for three weeks, while those in the treatment groups received a daily dose of 14μg/kg, 28μg/kg and 56μg/kg conjugated equine estrogens, respectively. RESULTS The results from this study showed a strong correlation between elevated concentrations of CEE and histological changes in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). They also showed that administration of high-dose estrogen created the conditions for excessive proliferation of OSE which may progress into the development of cysts in the ovaries. CONCLUSION This study concluded that high concentrations of CEE may increase the chances of developing epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa S Al-Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Isam T Kadim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Abdulaziz Y Al-Kindi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Samera K Khalaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ahmed S Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Sulaiman A Al-Hashmi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ahood A Al-Shibli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Wesal M Al-Hadi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Manal K Al-Mahmuli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi-Adegani
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Saeid Vakilian
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Asala I Al-Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Sausan S Al-Yaqoobi
- DARIS Center for Scientific Research and Technology Development, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Khamis O Al-Riyami
- DARIS Center for Scientific Research and Technology Development, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
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3
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Haldar S, Agrawal H, Saha S, Straughn AR, Roy P, Kakar SS. Overview of follicle stimulating hormone and its receptors in reproduction and in stem cells and cancer stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:675-692. [PMID: 35002517 PMCID: PMC8741861 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and its receptor (FSHR) have been reported to be responsible for several physiological functions and cancers. The responsiveness of stem cells and cancer stem cells towards the FSH-FSHR system make the function of FSH and its receptors more interesting in the context of cancer biology. This review is comprised of comprehensive information on FSH-FSHR signaling in normal physiology, gonadal stem cells, cancer cells, and potential options of utilizing FSH-FSHR system as an anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Haldar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.,Current address: Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249405
| | - Himanshu Agrawal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Alex R Straughn
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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4
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Kakar SS, Ratajczak MZ. Commentary: FSH and various forms of FSH receptors: distribution and their functions in gonads and extra-gonadal tissues. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:146. [PMID: 34717697 PMCID: PMC8557027 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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5
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Bhartiya D, Patel H. An overview of FSH-FSHR biology and explaining the existing conundrums. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:144. [PMID: 34717708 PMCID: PMC8557046 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
FSH was first identified in 1930 and is central to mammalian reproduction. It is indeed intriguing that despite being researched upon for about 90 years, there is still so much more to learn about FSH-FSHR biology. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current understanding of FSH-FSHR biology, to review published data on biological and clinical relevance of reported mutations, polymorphisms and alternately spliced isoforms of FSHR. Tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells in multiple adult tissues including ovaries, testes and uterus express FSHR and this observation results in a paradigm shift in the field. The results suggest a direct action of FSH on the stem cells in addition to their well-studied action on Granulosa and Sertoli cells in the ovaries and testes respectively. Present review further addresses various concerns raised in recent times by the scientific community regarding extragonadal expression of FSHR, especially in cancers affecting multiple organs. Similar population of primitive and pluripotent tissue-resident stem cells expressing FSHR exist in multiple adult tissues including bone marrow and reproductive tissues and help maintain homeostasis throughout life. Any dysfunction of these stem cells results in various pathologies and they also most likely get transformed into cancer stem cells and initiate cancer. This explains why multiple solid as well as liquid tumors express OCT-4 and FSHR. More research efforts need to be focused on alternately spliced FSHR isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Maharashtra, 400012, Mumbai, India. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Maharashtra, 400012, Mumbai, India.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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6
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Bhartiya D, Patel H, Kaushik A, Singh P, Sharma D. Endogenous, tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells in gonads and bone marrow express FSHR and respond to FSH via FSHR-3. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:145. [PMID: 34717703 PMCID: PMC8556987 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary and acts on the germ cells indirectly through Granulosa cells in ovaries and Sertoli cells in the testes. Extragonadal action of FSH has been reported but is still debated. Adult tissues harbor two populations of stem cells including a reserve population of primitive, small-sized, pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and slightly bigger, tissue-specific progenitors which include ovarian stem cells (OSCs) in ovaries, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in testes, endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) in uterus and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. Data has accumulated in animal models showing FSHR expression on both VSELs and progenitors in ovaries, testes, uterus and bone marrow and eventually gets lost as the cells differentiate further. FSH exerts a direct action on the stem/progenitor cells via alternatively spliced FSHR-3 rather than the canonical FSHR-1. FSH stimulates VSELs to undergo asymmetrical cell divisions to self-renew and give rise to the progenitors that in turn undergo symmetrical cell divisions and clonal expansions followed by differentiation into specific cell types. Excessive self-renewal of VSELs results in cancer and this explains ubiquitous expression of embryonic markers including nuclear OCT-4 along with FSHR in cancerous tissues. Focus of this review is to compile published data to support this concept. FSHR expression in stem/progenitor cells was confirmed by immuno-fluorescence, Western blotting, in situ hybridization and by quantitative RT-PCR. Two different commercially available antibodies (Abcam, Santacruz) were used to confirm specificity of FSHR expression along with omission of primary antibody and pre-incubation of antibody with immunizing peptide as negative controls. Western blotting allowed detection of alternatively spliced FSHR isoforms. Oligoprobes and primers specific for Fshr-1 and Fshr-3 were used to study these alternately-sliced isoforms by in situ hybridization and their differential expression upon FSH treatment by qRT-PCR. To conclude, stem/progenitor cells in adult tissues express FSHR and directly respond to FSH via FSHR-3. These findings change the field of FSH-FSHR biology, call for paradigm shift, explain FSHR expression on cancer cells in multiple organs and provide straightforward explanations for various existing conundrums including extragonadal expression of FSHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
| | - Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
- Present address: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ankita Kaushik
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Pushpa Singh
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
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7
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Sayers NS, Anujan P, Yu HN, Palmer SS, Nautiyal J, Franks S, Hanyaloglu AC. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Induces Lipid Droplets via Gαi/o and β-Arrestin in an Endometrial Cancer Cell Line. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798866. [PMID: 35185785 PMCID: PMC8850301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and its G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR, represents a paradigm for receptor signaling systems that activate multiple and complex pathways. Classically, FSHR activates Gαs to increase intracellular levels of cAMP, but its ability to activate other G proteins, and β-arrestin-mediated signaling is well documented in many different cell systems. The pleiotropic signal capacity of FSHR offers a mechanism for how FSH drives multiple and dynamic downstream functions in both gonadal and non-gonadal cell types, including distinct diseases, and how signal bias may be achieved at a pharmacological and cell system-specific manner. In this study, we identify an additional mechanism of FSH-mediated signaling and downstream function in the endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cell line. While FSH did not induce increases in cAMP levels, this hormone potently activated pertussis toxin sensitive Gαi/o signaling. A selective allosteric FSHR ligand, B3, also activated Gαi/o signaling in these cells, supporting a role for receptor-mediated activation despite the low levels of FSHR mRNA. The low expression levels may attribute to the lack of Gαs/cAMP signaling as increasing FSHR expression resulted in FSH-mediated activation of the Gαs pathway. Unlike prior reports for FSH-mediated Gαs/cAMP signaling, FSH-mediated Gαi/o signaling was not affected by inhibition of dynamin-dependent receptor internalization. While chronic FSH did not alter cell viability, FSH was able to increase lipid droplet size. The β-arrestins are key adaptor proteins known to regulate FSHR signaling. Indeed, a rapid, FSH-dependent increase in interactions between β-arrestin1 and Gαi1 was observed via NanoBiT complementation in Ishikawa cells. Furthermore, both inhibition of Gαi/o signaling and siRNA knockdown of β-arrestin 1/2 significantly reduced FSH-induced lipid droplet accumulation, implying a role for a Gαi/o/β-arrestin complex in FSH functions in this cell type. As FSH/FSHR has been implicated in distinct hormone-dependent cancers, including endometrial cancer, analysis of the cancer genome database from 575 human endometrial adenocarcinoma tumors revealed that a subpopulation of samples expressed FSHR. Overall, this study highlights a novel mechanism for FSHR signal pleiotropy that may be exploited for future personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh S. Sayers
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry N. Yu
- CanWell Pharma Inc., Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Stephen S. Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Franks
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aylin C. Hanyaloglu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Aylin C. Hanyaloglu,
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8
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Casarini L, Lazzaretti C, Paradiso E, Limoncella S, Riccetti L, Sperduti S, Melli B, Marcozzi S, Anzivino C, Sayers NS, Czapinski J, Brigante G, Potì F, La Marca A, De Pascali F, Reiter E, Falbo A, Daolio J, Villani MT, Lispi M, Orlando G, Klinger FG, Fanelli F, Rivero-Müller A, Hanyaloglu AC, Simoni M. Membrane Estrogen Receptor (GPER) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Heteromeric Complexes Promote Human Ovarian Follicle Survival. iScience 2020; 23:101812. [PMID: 33299978 PMCID: PMC7702187 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR)-driven cAMP-mediated signaling boosts human ovarian follicle growth and oocyte maturation. However, contradicting in vitro data suggest a different view on physiological significance of FSHR-mediated cAMP signaling. We found that the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) heteromerizes with FSHR, reprogramming cAMP/death signals into proliferative stimuli fundamental for sustaining oocyte survival. In human granulosa cells, survival signals are missing at high FSHR:GPER ratio, which negatively impacts follicle maturation and strongly correlates with preferential Gαs protein/cAMP-pathway coupling and FSH responsiveness of patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. In contrast, FSHR/GPER heteromers triggered anti-apoptotic/proliferative FSH signaling delivered via the Gβγ dimer, whereas impairment of heteromer formation or GPER knockdown enhanced the FSH-dependent cell death and steroidogenesis. Therefore, our findings indicate how oocyte maturation depends on the capability of GPER to shape FSHR selective signals, indicating hormone receptor heteromers may be a marker of cell proliferation. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) interacts with FSH receptor (FSHR) FSHR/GPER heteromers reprogram FSH-induced death signals to proliferative stimuli Anti-apoptotic signaling of heteromers is via a GPER-Gαs inhibitory complex and Gβγ Heteromer formation impacts follicle maturation and FSH responses of IVF patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.,International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.,International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Limoncella
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Serena Marcozzi
- Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Anzivino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Niamh S Sayers
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jakub Czapinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Clinica EUGIN, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Angela Falbo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessica Daolio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Lispi
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Global Medical Affair, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Francesca G Klinger
- Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino-Estense, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.,Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.,PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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9
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Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by activating sphingosine kinase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13834. [PMID: 32796926 PMCID: PMC7428003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, until now, knowledge relating to FSH-driven signalling pathways that lead to the growth of EOC remained incomplete. We sought to explore whether sphingosine kinase (SphK) could mediate FSH-induced ovarian cancer cell proliferation and which pathway might be involved in this process. The expression of phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 was detected in sections of EOC tissues by Immunohistochemical staining, and clinical significances were analyzed by statistical analysis. EOC cells were treated with FSH or/and SKI-II. CCK8 assays and colony formation assays were used to investigate cell proliferation. Western blot was carried out to detect protein expression in EOC cell line after treated with FSH. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence that high expression levels of phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 were both prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) in EOC. Additionally, the expression levels of both phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 were closely correlated with the expression level of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in ovarian cancer tissues. FSH stimulated the phosphorylation of both SphK1 and SphK2 and was able to regulate the survival and growth of ovarian cancer cells by activating SphK1 and SphK2 through ERK1/2. Both isoenzymes of SphK were equally responsible for FSH-induced cell proliferation of EOC. Both Erk1/2 and Akt activation play important roles in mediating FSH-induced cell proliferation after phosphorylation of SphK. Moreover, our data demonstrated that S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) and S1PR3, key components of the SphK signalling system, were involved in FSH-mediated proliferation of EOC. Taken together, the results of the current study revealed that SphK is an essential mediator in FSH-induced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in EOC, which indicates a new signalling pathway that controls FSH-mediated growth in EOC and suggests a new strategy that pharmaceutically targets both isoenzymes of SphK for the management of ovarian cancer.
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Gong Z, Yang J, Bai S, Wei S. MicroRNAs regulate granulosa cells apoptosis and follicular development - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1714-1724. [PMID: 32054175 PMCID: PMC7649074 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most abundant small RNAs. Approximately 2,000 annotated miRNAs genes have been found to be differentially expressed in ovarian follicles during the follicular development (FD). Many miRNAs exert their regulatory effects on the apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells (FGCs) and FD. However, accurate roles and mechanism of miRNAs regulating apoptosis of FGCs remain undetermined. Methods In this review, we summarized the regulatory role of each miRNA or miRNA cluster on FGCs apoptosis and FD on the bases of 41 academic articles retrieved from PubMed and web of science and other databases. Results Total of 30 miRNAs and 4 miRNAs clusters in 41 articles were reviewed and summarized in the present article. Twenty nine documents indicated explicitly that 24 miRNAs and miRNAs clusters in 29 articles promoted or induced FGCs apoptosis through their distinctive target genes. The remaining 10 miRNAs and miRNAs of 12 articles inhibited FGCs apoptosis. MiRNAs exerted modulation actions by at least 77 signal pathways during FGCs apoptosis and FD. Conclusion We concluded that miRNAs or miRNAs clusters could modulate the apoptosis of GCs (including follicular GCs, mural GCs and cumulus cells) by targeting their specific genes. A great majority of miRNAs show a promoting role on apoptosis of FGCs in mammals. But the accurate mechanism of miRNAs and miRNA clusters has not been well understood. It is necessary to ascertain clearly the role and mechanism of each miRNA or miRNA cluster in the future. Understanding precise functions and mechanisms of miRNAs in FGCs apoptosis and FD will be beneficial in developing new diagnostic and treatment strategies for treating infertility and ovarian diseases in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuandi Gong
- Hospital, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shengju Bai
- Hospital, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Suocheng Wei
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Sahu B, Shah S, Prabhudesai K, Contini A, Idicula-Thomas S. Discovery of small molecule binders of human FSHR(TMD) with novel structural scaffolds by integrating structural bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 89:156-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lizneva D, Rahimova A, Kim SM, Atabiekov I, Javaid S, Alamoush B, Taneja C, Khan A, Sun L, Azziz R, Yuen T, Zaidi M. FSH Beyond Fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:136. [PMID: 30941099 PMCID: PMC6433784 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a reproductive hormone is changing. It has been shown that FSH receptors (FSHRs) are expressed in various extra-gonadal tissues and mediate the biological effects of FSH at those sites. Molecular, animal, epidemiologic, and clinical data suggest that elevated serum FSH may play a significant role in the evolution of bone loss and obesity, as well as contributing to cardiovascular and cancer risk. This review summarizes recent data on FSH action beyond reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Lizneva
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alina Rahimova
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ihor Atabiekov
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Seher Javaid
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bateel Alamoush
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charit Taneja
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ayesha Khan
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Li Sun
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Academic Health and Hospital Affairs, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Patel H, Bhartiya D, Parte S. Further characterization of adult sheep ovarian stem cells and their involvement in neo-oogenesis and follicle assembly. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:3. [PMID: 29304868 PMCID: PMC5755409 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells in the ovary comprise of two distinct populations including very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and slightly bigger progenitors termed ovarian stem cells (OSCs). They are lodged in ovary surface epithelium (OSE) and are expected to undergo neo-oogenesis and primordial follicle (PF) assembly in adult ovaries. The ovarian stem cells express follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors and are directly activated by FSH resulting in formation of germ cell nests (GCN) in vitro. Present study was undertaken to further characterize adult sheep OSCs and to understand their role during neo-oogenesis and PF assembly. METHODS Stem cells were collected by gently scraping the OSE cells and were characterized by H&E staining, immuno-localization, immuno-phenotyping and RT-PCR studies. Expression of FSH receptors and markers specific for stem cells (OCT-4, SSEA-4) and proliferation (PCNA) were studied on stem/progenitor cells in OSE culture and on adult sheep ovarian cortical tissue sections. Effect of FSH on stem cells was also studied in vitro. Asymmetric cell division (ACD) was monitored by studying expression of OCT-4 and NUMB. RESULTS Additional evidence was generated on the presence of two populations of stem cells in the OSE including VSELs and OSCs. FSHR expression was observed on both VSELs and OSCs by immuno-localization and immuno-phenotyping studies. FSH treatment in vitro stimulated VSELs that underwent ACD to self-renew and give rise to OSCs which divided rapidly by symmetric cell divisions (SCD) and clonal expansion with incomplete cytokinesis to form GCN. ACD was further confirmed by differential expression of OCT-4 in VSELs and NUMB in the OSCs. Immuno-histochemical expression of OCT-4, PCNA and FSHR was noted on stem cells located in the OSE in sheep ovarian sections. GCN and cohort of PF were observed in the ovarian cortex and provided evidence in support of neo-oogenesis from the stem cells. CONCLUSION Results of present study provide further evidence in support of two stem cells populations in adult sheep ovary. Both VSELs, OSCs and GCN express FSH receptors and FSH possibly regulates their function to undergo neo-oogenesis and primordial follicle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Seema Parte
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
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14
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Chung HH, Lee JC, Minn I. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in gynecological cancers. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Papadimitriou K, Kountourakis P, Kottorou AE, Antonacopoulou AG, Rolfo C, Peeters M, Kalofonos HP. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR): A Promising Tool in Oncology? Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 20:523-530. [PMID: 27392476 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular pathway of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and its receptor (FSHR) is typically involved in reproduction in mammals. In humans, the FSHR is normally found in cells of the testis and the ovary, while it is scarcely expressed in other normal tissues. The expression of FSH/FSHR is studied in prostate, thyroid, and ovarian cancer tissues. Recently, the expression of FSHR was uniformly documented in malignant vascular endothelial cells from different tumor types, while in normal or inflammatory tissues its expression was scarce, suggesting a potential role of a pan-receptor in cancer. Subsequent studies have attempted to verify this unique specificity of this molecule and further define its features in malignant microenvironments but have had conflicting results, mostly because of differing techniques and immaturity of antibodies. Still, the lack of FSHR expression in most non-cancerous cells, in contrast to its specific correlation with the malignant tissue microenvironment, implies a potential role as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic tool. FSHR might also have a very specific role in malignancies, such as angiogenic and/or growth factor malignancies, but this is yet to be validated. Moreover, the expression of FSHR in endothelial malignant cells could have a predictive impact on disease progression, especially in relation to therapies targeting the tumor vasculature. In this review we look deep into the physiology of the FSH/FSHR pathway and evaluate the potential of FSHR as a predictive and prognostic tool in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christian Rolfo
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Antwerp, 10 Wilrijksraat, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Antwerp, 10 Wilrijksraat, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
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Casarini L, Reiter E, Simoni M. β-arrestins regulate gonadotropin receptor-mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis by controlling different FSHR or LHCGR intracellular signaling in the hGL5 cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:11-21. [PMID: 27502035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin signaling classically involves proliferative, steroidogenic and apoptotic stimuli. In this study, we used the human granulosa cell line hGL5 to demonstrate how follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) differently control proliferative or apoptotic signals, revealing novel intrinsic properties of their receptors (FSHR, LHCGR). We found that, in this tumor-like cell line, the expression of endogenous FSHR and LHCGR is serum-dependent, but both receptors were unable to activate the canonical cAMP/PKA pathway upon gonadotropin stimulation, failing to produce cAMP, progesterone and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, ligand treatment resulted in FSHR- and LHCGR-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation due to receptor coupling to β-arrestins. The inactive cAMP/PKA pathway was unlocked by siRNA-mediated knock-down of β-arrestin 1 and 2, leading to progesterone synthesis and apoptosis. Surprisingly, FSH, but not LH treatment accelerated the cAMP/PKA-mediated apoptosis after β-arrestin silencing, an effect which could be reproduced by overexpressing the FSHR, but not the LHCGR. This work demonstrates that the expression of FSHR and LHCGR can be induced in hGL5 cells but that the FSHR-dependent cAMP/PKA pathway is constitutively silenced, possibly to protect cells from FSHR-cAMP-PKA-induced apoptosis. Also, we revealed previously unrecognized features intrinsic to the two structurally similar gonadotropin receptors, oppositely resulting in the regulation of life and death signals in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
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17
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Buchanan PJ, McCloskey KD. Ca V channels and cancer: canonical functions indicate benefits of repurposed drugs as cancer therapeutics. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:621-633. [PMID: 27342111 PMCID: PMC5045480 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The importance of ion channels in the hallmarks of many cancers is increasingly recognised. This article reviews current knowledge of the expression of members of the voltage-gated calcium channel family (CaV) in cancer at the gene and protein level and discusses their potential functional roles. The ten members of the CaV channel family are classified according to expression of their pore-forming α-subunit; moreover, co-expression of accessory α2δ, β and γ confers a spectrum of biophysical characteristics including voltage dependence of activation and inactivation, current amplitude and activation/inactivation kinetics. CaV channels have traditionally been studied in excitable cells including neurones, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac cells, and drugs targeting the channels are used in the treatment of hypertension and epilepsy. There is emerging evidence that several CaV channels are differentially expressed in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. Interestingly, a number of CaV channels also have non-canonical functions and are involved in transcriptional regulation of the expression of other proteins including potassium channels. Pharmacological studies show that CaV canonical function contributes to the fundamental biology of proliferation, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. This raises the intriguing possibility that calcium channel blockers, approved for the treatment of other conditions, could be repurposed to treat particular cancers. Further research will reveal the full extent of both the canonical and non-canonical functions of CaV channels in cancer and whether calcium channel blockers are beneficial in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Buchanan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK.,National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, School of Nursing and Human Science, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Karen D McCloskey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK.
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18
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Yang R, Liu P, Pan D, Zhang P, Bai Z, Xu Y, Wang L, Yan J, Yan Y, Liu X, Yang M. An Investigation on a Novel Anti-tumor Fusion Peptide of FSH33-53-IIKK. J Cancer 2016; 7:1010-9. [PMID: 27313792 PMCID: PMC4910594 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fusion peptide FSH33-53-IIKK was designed and expected to combine the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) targeting and tumor toxicity. In vitro and in vivo study showed the anti-tumor activity of FSH33-53-IIKK was enhanced compared to that of IIKK only. FSH33-53-IIKK could inhibit the growth of tumor via apoptosis and autophagy pathways. In summary, combining the tumor marker-target peptide and anti-tumor peptide together may be an efficient way to search for better anti-tumor candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlin Yang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ping Liu
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- 1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Pengjun Zhang
- 2. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhicheng Bai
- 3. The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- 1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yongjun Yan
- 4. Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xingdang Liu
- 5. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hua Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min Yang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.; 2. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.; 3. The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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19
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Patel H, Bhartiya D. Testicular Stem Cells Express Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptors and Are Directly Modulated by FSH. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1493-1508. [PMID: 27189070 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116643593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Testicular spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are a heterogeneous population of stem cells, and definitive marker for the most primitive subset that undergoes asymmetric cell division remains to be identified. A novel subpopulation of pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) has been reported in both human and mouse testes. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors (FSHRs) are expressed on Sertoli cells in testis and on granulosa cells in ovary, but recently FSHRs are reported on VSELs in ovaries, bone marrow, and cord blood. The present study was aimed to investigate whether FSHRs are also expressed on testicular stem cells (VSELs and SSCs) and their possible modulation by FSH using intact and chemoablated (25 mg/kg busulfan) mice. Chemoablated testis was a better model to study stem cell biology since quiescent stem cells survive along with the Sertoli cells in the tubules. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive, small-sized cells presumed to be VSELs were clearly visualized, and flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in LIN-/CD45-/SCA-1+ VSELs from 0.045±0.008% to 0.1±0.03% of total cells in chemoablated testis after FSH treatment. Very small embryonic-like stem cells expressing nuclear octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4) and SSCs with cytoplasmic OCT-4 were detected. Very small embryonic-like stem cells (Oct-4A, Sca-1, Nanog), SSCs (Oct-4), and proliferation (Pcna) specific transcripts were upregulated on FSH treatment. Stem cells expressed FSHR and were stimulated by FSH, and Fshr3 was the predominant transcript maximally modulated by FSH. Nuclear OCT-4 and SCA-1 (stem cell antigen 1) positive VSELs are the most primitive stem cells in testis, and FSH stimulates them to undergo asymmetric cell division including self-renewal and give rise to SSCs, which in turn proliferate rapidly and undergo clonal expansion and further differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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20
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Chen J, Bai M, Ning C, Xie B, Zhang J, Liao H, Xiong J, Tao X, Yan D, Xi X, Chen X, Yu Y, Bast RC, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Zheng W. Gankyrin facilitates follicle-stimulating hormone-driven ovarian cancer cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/cyclin D1 pathway. Oncogene 2015; 35:2506-17. [PMID: 26364616 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gankyrin is a regulatory subunit of the 26kD proteasome complex. As a novel oncoprotein, gankyrin is expressed aberrantly in cancers from several different sites and has been shown to contribute to oncogenesis in endometrial and cervical carcinomas. Neither gankyrin's contribution to the development of epithelial ovarian cancer nor its interaction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-driven proliferation in ovarian cancer has been studied. Here we have found that gankyrin is overexpressed in ovarian cancers compared with benign ovarian cystadenomas and that gankyrin regulates FSH upregulation of cyclin D1. Importantly, gankyrin regulates PI3K/AKT signaling by downregulating PTEN. Prolonged AKT activation by FSH stimulation of the FSH receptor (FSHR) promotes gankyrin expression, which, in turn, enhances AKT activation by inhibiting PTEN. Overexpression of gankyrin decreases hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein levels, but has little effect on HIF-1α mRNA levels, which could be attributed to gankyrin mediating HIF-1α protein stability via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Reduction in HIF-1α protein stability led to attenuation of the binding with cyclin D1 promoter, resulted in abolishment of the negative regulation of cyclin D1 by HIF-1α, which promotes proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Our results document that gankyrin regulates HIF-1α protein stability and cyclin D1 expression, ultimately mediating FSH-driven ovarian cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Ning
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Liao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Xiong
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Tao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Kale VP, Amin SG, Pandey MK. Targeting ion channels for cancer therapy by repurposing the approved drugs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2747-55. [PMID: 25843679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels have been shown to be involved in oncogenesis and efforts are being poured in to target the ion channels. There are many clinically approved drugs with ion channels as "off" targets. The question is, can these drugs be repurposed to inhibit ion channels for cancer treatment? Repurposing of drugs will not only save investors' money but also result in safer drugs for cancer patients. Advanced bioinformatics techniques and availability of a plethora of open access data on FDA approved drugs for various indications and omics data of large number of cancer types give a ray of hope to look for possibility of repurposing those drugs for cancer treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pralhad Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Bhartiya D, Singh J. FSH-FSHR3-stem cells in ovary surface epithelium: basis for adult ovarian biology, failure, aging, and cancer. Reproduction 2014; 149:R35-48. [PMID: 25269615 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, genetic basis of premature ovarian failure (POF) and ovarian cancer still remains elusive. It is indeed paradoxical that scientists searched for mutations in FSH receptor (FSHR) expressed on granulosa cells, whereas more than 90% of cancers arise in ovary surface epithelium (OSE). Two distinct populations of stem cells including very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and ovarian stem cells (OSCs) exist in OSE, are responsible for neo-oogenesis and primordial follicle assembly in adult life, and are modulated by FSH via its alternatively spliced receptor variant FSHR3 (growth factor type 1 receptor acting via calcium signaling and the ERK/MAPK pathway). Any defect in FSH-FSHR3-stem cell interaction in OSE may affect folliculogenesis and thus result in POF. Ovarian aging is associated with a compromised microenvironment that does not support stem cell differentiation into oocytes and further folliculogenesis. FSH exerts a mitogenic effect on OSE and elevated FSH levels associated with advanced age may provide a continuous trigger for stem cells to proliferate resulting in cancer, thus supporting gonadotropin theory for ovarian cancer. Present review is an attempt to put adult ovarian biology, POF, aging, and cancer in the perspective of FSH-FSHR3-stem cell network that functions in OSE. This hypothesis is further supported by the recent understanding that: i) cancer is a stem cell disease and OSE is the niche for ovarian cancer stem cells; ii) ovarian OCT4-positive stem cells are regulated by FSH; and iii) OCT4 along with LIN28 and BMP4 are highly expressed in ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology DepartmentNational Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Jarnail Singh
- Stem Cell Biology DepartmentNational Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai 400 012, India
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Modi DA, Sunoqrot S, Bugno J, Lantvit DD, Hong S, Burdette JE. Targeting of follicle stimulating hormone peptide-conjugated dendrimers to ovarian cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2812-20. [PMID: 24468839 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Current treatment modalities include a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, which often lead to loss of fertility in premenopausal women and a myriad of systemic side effects. To address these issues, we have designed poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers to selectively target the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), which is overexpressed by tumorigenic ovarian cancer cells but not by immature primordial follicles and other non-tumorigenic cells. Fluorescein-labeled generation 5 (G5) PAMAM dendrimers were conjugated with the binding peptide domain of FSH (FSH33) that has a high affinity to FSHR. The targeted dendrimers exhibited high receptor selectivity to FSHR-expressing OVCAR-3 cells, resulting in significant uptake and downregulation of an anti-apoptotic protein survivin, while showing minimal interactions with SKOV-3 cells that do not express FSHR. The selectivity of the FSH33-targeted dendrimers was further validated in 3D organ cultures of normal mouse ovaries. Immunostaining of the conjugates revealed their selective binding and uptake by ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cells that express FSHR, while sparing the immature primordial follicles. In addition, an in vivo study monitoring tissue accumulation following a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the conjugates showed significantly higher accumulation of FSH33-targeted dendrimers in the ovary and oviduct compared to the non-targeted conjugates. These proof-of-concept findings highlight the potential of these FSH33-targeted dendrimers to serve as a delivery platform for anti-ovarian cancer drugs, while reducing their systemic side effects by preventing nonspecific uptake by the primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple A Modi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave. Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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24
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Pluripotent Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cells in Adult Mammalian Gonads. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1001-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Heublein S, Mayr D, Vrekoussis T, Friese K, Hofmann SS, Jeschke U, Lenhard M. The G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) is a gonadotropin receptor dependent positive prognosticator in ovarian carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71791. [PMID: 23951246 PMCID: PMC3739730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) were demonstrated to impact upon survival of patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Though structure wise the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) is related to FSHR/LHCGR, its prognostic impact in EOC remains controversial. We recently found that FSHR negative patients represent a specific EOC subgroup that may behave differently in respect to both treatment response and prognosis. Hence, the current study aimed to analyze how GPER may interact with the FSHR/LHCGR system in EOC and whether the prognostic significance of GPER in EOC cases (n = 151) may be dependent on the FSHR/LHCGR immunophenotype of the tumor. Ovarian cancer cell lines were used to study how FSH and LH regulate GPER and whether GPER activation differentially affects in vitro cell proliferation in presence/absence of activated FSHR/LHCGR. In EOC tissue, GPER correlated with FSHR/LHCGR and was related to prolonged overall survival only in FSHR/LHCGR negative patients. Although GPER was found to be specifically induced by LH/FSH, GPER agonists (4-Hydroxy-Tamoxifen, G1) reduced EOC cell proliferation only in case of LH/FSH unstimulated pathways. To the same direction, only patients characterized as LHCGR/FSHR negative seem to gain from GPER in terms of survival. Our combined tissue and in vitro results support thus the hypothesis that GPER activation could be of therapeutic benefit in LHCGR/FSHR negative EOC patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of GPER activation on a clinical scheme.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/mortality
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Receptor Cross-Talk/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/agonists
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Tamoxifen/analogs & derivatives
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vrekoussis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Friese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone S. Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Miriam Lenhard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Lai Y, Wu X, Feng Z, Yu Y, Bast RC, Wan X, Xi X, Feng Y. Follicle-stimulating hormone inhibits apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by regulating the OCT4 stem cell signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1194-204. [PMID: 23921511 PMCID: PMC3981007 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OCT4, a stem cell marker, is overexpressed in several types of human cancer and can induce resistance to chemotherapy and inhibition of apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) can inhibit ovarian cancer cell apoptosis. However, the role of OCT4 in FSH-induced inhibition of apoptosis has not been reported in detail. Here, we profiled OCT4 protein expression in ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC) with benign cystadenoma, borderline tumor and carcinoma tissues as well as different ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian epithelial cells. Furthermore, the effects of FSH on OCT4 expression and related signaling pathways were evaluated. The overexpression of OCT4 in ovarian carcinoma and OEC cell lines suggest that OCT4 plays a critical role in OEC carcinogenesis. Moreover, FSH-induced apoptosis inhibition was confirmed and FSH stimulation induced the expansion of CD44+CD117+ cells with a stem cell-like phenotype. Re-expression of OCT4 enhanced the expression of Notch, Sox2 and Nanog molecules that play critical roles in cancer stem cell proliferation and differentiation. FSH upregulated the expression of Notch, Sox2 and Nanog and these effects were abolished by knocking down OCT4, suggesting that several cancer stem cell pathways are involved in FSH regulation. We also examined OCT4 expression in surgical specimens of ovarian cancer. Immunohistostaining revealed that OCT4 expression was increased in ovarian carcinoma compared with benign cystadenomas and borderline tumors, and OCT4 expression was significantly correlated with histological grade. Staining for OCT4 was increased in serous cystadenocarcinoma, when compared with clear cell carcinoma. In summary, the OCT4 cancer stem cell signaling pathway may mediate FSH-induced inhibition of apoptosis and could provide a target for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Patel H, Bhartiya D, Parte S, Gunjal P, Yedurkar S, Bhatt M. Follicle stimulating hormone modulates ovarian stem cells through alternately spliced receptor variant FSH-R3. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:52. [PMID: 23870332 PMCID: PMC3728228 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have earlier reported that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) modulates ovarian stem cells which include pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and their immediate descendants 'progenitors' termed ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs), lodged in adult mammalian ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). FSH may exert pleiotropic actions through its alternatively spliced receptor isoforms. Four isoforms of FSH receptors (FSHR) are reported in literature of which FSH-R1 and FSH-R3 have biological activity. Present study was undertaken to identify FSHR isoforms mediating FSH action on ovarian stem cells, using sheep OSE cells culture as the study model. METHODS Cultures of sheep OSE cells (a mix of epithelial cells, VSELs, OGSCs and few contaminating red blood cells) were established with and without FSH 5IU/ml treatment. Effect of FSH treatment on self-renewal of VSELs and their differentiation into OGSCs was studied after 15 hrs by qRT-PCR using markers specific for VSELs (Oct-4A, Sox-2) and OGSCs (Oct-4). FSH receptors and its specific transcripts (R1 and R3) were studied after 3 and 15 hrs of FSH treatment by immunolocalization, in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. FSHR and OCT-4 were also immuno-localized on sheep ovarian sections, in vitro matured follicles and early embryos. RESULTS FSH treatment resulted in increased stem cells self-renewal and clonal expansion evident by the appearance of stem cell clusters. FSH receptors were expressed on ovarian stem cells whereas the epithelial cells were distinctly negative. An increase in R3 mRNA transcripts was noted after 3 hrs of FSH treatment and was reduced to basal levels by 15 hrs, whereas R1 transcript expression remained unaffected. Both FSHR and OCT-4 were immuno-localized in nuclei of stem cells, showed nuclear or ooplasmic localization in oocytes of primordial follicles and in cytoplasm of granulosa cells in growing follicles. CONCLUSIONS FSH modulates ovarian stem cells via FSH-R3 to undergo potential self-renewal, clonal expansion as 'cysts' and differentiation into oocytes. OCT-4 and FSHR proteins (required initially to maintain pluripotent state of VSELs and for FSH action respectively) gradually shift from nuclei to cytoplasm of developing oocytes and are later possibly removed by surrounding granulosa cells as the oocyte prepares itself for fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, INDIA
| | - Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, INDIA
| | - Seema Parte
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, INDIA
| | - Pranesh Gunjal
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, INDIA
| | - Snehal Yedurkar
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, INDIA
| | - Mithun Bhatt
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, INDIA
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Hsu I, Vitkus S, Da J, Yeh S. Role of oestrogen receptors in bladder cancer development. Nat Rev Urol 2013; 10:317-26. [PMID: 23588401 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early studies documented the existence of sexual dimorphism in bladder cancer occurrence and progression, with a greater bladder cancer incidence in males than females. However, the progression of bladder cancer after diagnosis is much quicker in females than males. These findings can be explained by the effects of female hormones (predominantly oestrogens) and their binding receptors, including oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1; also known as ERα), oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2; also known as ERβ), and GPR30 protein on bladder cancer incidence and progression. Results from studies using various in vitro cell lines and in vivo mouse models demonstrate differential roles of oestrogen receptors in cancer initiation and progression. ERα suppresses bladder cancer initiation and invasion, whereas ERβ promotes bladder cancer initiation and progression. Mechanistic studies suggest that ERα and ERβ exert these effects via modulation of the AKT pathway and DNA replication complex, respectively. Targeting these signalling pathways--for example, with ERα agonists, ERβ antagonists, or selective oestrogen receptor modulators such as 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]phenol (also known as PHTPP)--could lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for controlling bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iawen Hsu
- Department of Urology, George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Bhartiya D, Sriraman K, Gunjal P, Modak H. Gonadotropin treatment augments postnatal oogenesis and primordial follicle assembly in adult mouse ovaries? J Ovarian Res 2012; 5:32. [PMID: 23134576 PMCID: PMC3616927 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) exerts action on both germline and somatic compartment in both ovary and testis although FSH receptors (FSHR) are localized only on the somatic cells namely granulosa cells of growing follicles and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules. High levels of FSH in females are associated with poor ovarian reserve, ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome etc. and at the same time FSH acts as a survival factor during in vitro organotypic culture of ovarian cortical strips. Thus a further understanding of FSH action on the ovary is essential. We have earlier reported presence of pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs express Oct-4A in addition to other pluripotent markers) and their immediate descendants 'progenitors' ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs express Oct-4B in addition to other germ cell markers) in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) in various mammalian species including mice, rabbit, monkey, sheep and human. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on adult mice ovaries with a focus on VSELs, OGSCs, postnatal oogenesis and primordial follicle assembly. METHODS Ovaries were collected from adult mice during different stages of estrus cycle and after 2 and 7 days of PMSG (5 IU) treatment to study histo-architecture and expression for FSHR, pluripotent stem cells , meiosis and germ cell specific markers. RESULTS PMSG treatment resulted in increased FSHR and proliferation as indicated by increased FSHR and PCNA immunostaining in OSE and oocytes of primordial follicles (PF) besides the granulosa cells of large antral follicles. Small 1-2 regions of multilayered OSE invariably associated with a cohort of PF during estrus stage in control ovary were increased to 5-8 regions after PMSG treatment. This was associated with an increase in pluripotent transcripts (Oct-4A, Nanog), meiosis (Scp-3) and germ cells (Oct-4B, Mvh) specific markers. MVH showed positive immuno staining on germ cell nest-like clusters and at places primordial follicles appeared connected through oocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show that gonadotropin (PMSG) treatment to adult mouse leads to increased pluripotent stem cell activity in the ovaries, associated with increased meiosis, appearance of several cohorts of PF and their assembly in close proximity of OSE. This was found associated with the presence of germ cell nests and cytoplasmic continuity of oocytes in PF. We have earlier reported that pluripotent ovarian stem cells in the adult mammalian ovary are the VSELs which give rise to slightly differentiated OGSCs. Thus we propose that gonadotropin through its action on pluripotent VSELs augments neo-oogenesis and PF assembly in adult mouse ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
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Westerlind U. Synthetic glycopeptides and glycoproteins with applications in biological research. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:804-18. [PMID: 23015828 PMCID: PMC3388868 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, synthetic methods for the preparation of complex glycopeptides have been drastically improved. The need for homogenous glycopeptides and glycoproteins with defined chemical structures to study diverse biological phenomena further enhances the development of methodologies. Selected recent advances in synthesis and applications, in which glycopeptides or glycoproteins serve as tools for biological studies, are reviewed. The importance of specific antibodies directed to the glycan part, as well as the peptide backbone has been realized during the development of synthetic glycopeptide-based anti-tumor vaccines. The fine-tuning of native chemical ligation (NCL), expressed protein ligation (EPL), and chemoenzymatic glycosylation techniques have all together enabled the synthesis of functional glycoproteins. The synthesis of structurally defined, complex glycopeptides or glyco-clusters presented on natural peptide backbones, or mimics thereof, offer further possibilities to study protein-binding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Westerlind
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V., ISAS - Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, Tel: (+49)231-1392 4215
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Nagorny P, Sane N, Fasching B, Aussedat B, Danishefsky SJ. Probing the frontiers of glycoprotein synthesis: the fully elaborated β-subunit of the human follicle-stimulating hormone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:975-9. [PMID: 22162182 PMCID: PMC3285374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernhard Fasching
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027(USA), Fax: (+1)212-772-8691
| | - Baptiste Aussedat
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027(USA), Fax: (+1)212-772-8691
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027(USA), Fax: (+1)212-772-8691
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32
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Nagorny P, Sane N, Fasching B, Aussedat B, Danishefsky SJ. Probing the Frontiers of Glycoprotein Synthesis: The Fully Elaborated β-Subunit of the Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lenhard M, Lennerová T, Ditsch N, Kahlert S, Friese K, Mayr D, Jeschke U. Opposed roles of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone receptors in ovarian cancer survival. Histopathology 2011; 58:990-4. [PMID: 21585434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/mortality
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Neoplasm Staging
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Young Adult
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Plunkett J, Doniger S, Orabona G, Morgan T, Haataja R, Hallman M, Puttonen H, Menon R, Kuczynski E, Norwitz E, Snegovskikh V, Palotie A, Peltonen L, Fellman V, DeFranco EA, Chaudhari BP, McGregor TL, McElroy JJ, Oetjens MT, Teramo K, Borecki I, Fay J, Muglia L. An evolutionary genomic approach to identify genes involved in human birth timing. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001365. [PMID: 21533219 PMCID: PMC3077368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of fetal maturation with birth timing is essential for mammalian reproduction. In humans, preterm birth is a disorder of profound global health significance. The signals initiating parturition in humans have remained elusive, due to divergence in physiological mechanisms between humans and model organisms typically studied. Because of relatively large human head size and narrow birth canal cross-sectional area compared to other primates, we hypothesized that genes involved in parturition would display accelerated evolution along the human and/or higher primate phylogenetic lineages to decrease the length of gestation and promote delivery of a smaller fetus that transits the birth canal more readily. Further, we tested whether current variation in such accelerated genes contributes to preterm birth risk. Evidence from allometric scaling of gestational age suggests human gestation has been shortened relative to other primates. Consistent with our hypothesis, many genes involved in reproduction show human acceleration in their coding or adjacent noncoding regions. We screened >8,400 SNPs in 150 human accelerated genes in 165 Finnish preterm and 163 control mothers for association with preterm birth. In this cohort, the most significant association was in FSHR, and 8 of the 10 most significant SNPs were in this gene. Further evidence for association of a linkage disequilibrium block of SNPs in FSHR, rs11686474, rs11680730, rs12473870, and rs1247381 was found in African Americans. By considering human acceleration, we identified a novel gene that may be associated with preterm birth, FSHR. We anticipate other human accelerated genes will similarly be associated with preterm birth risk and elucidate essential pathways for human parturition. The control of birth timing in humans is the greatest unresolved question in reproductive biology, and preterm birth is the most important medical issue in maternal and child health. To begin to address this critical problem, we test the hypothesis that genes accelerated in their rate of evolution in humans, as compared with other primates and mammals, are involved in birth timing. We first show that human gestational length has been altered relative to other non-human primates and mammals. Using allometric scaling, we demonstrate that human gestation is shorter than predicted based upon gestational length in other mammalian species. Next, we show that genes with rate acceleration in humans—in coding or regulatory regions—are plausible candidates to be involved in birth timing. Finally, we find that polymorphisms in the human accelerated gene (FSHR), not before implicated in the timing for birth, may alter risk for human preterm birth. Our understanding of pathways for birth timing in humans is limited, yet its elucidation remains one of the most important issues in biology and medicine. The evolutionary genetic approach that we apply should be applicable to many human disorders and assist other investigators studying preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevon Plunkett
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Human and Statistic Genetics Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott Doniger
- Computational Biology Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Guilherme Orabona
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ritva Haataja
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Hallman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hilkka Puttonen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- The Perinatal Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Edward Kuczynski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Errol Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Victoria Snegovskikh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emily A. DeFranco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bimal P. Chaudhari
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. McGregor
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jude J. McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Oetjens
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kari Teramo
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ingrid Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Justin Fay
- Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Louis Muglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ion channels and the hallmarks of cancer. Trends Mol Med 2010; 16:107-21. [PMID: 20167536 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) ion channels contribute to virtually all basic cellular processes and are also involved in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Here, we review the role of ion channels in cancer in the context of their involvement in the defined hallmarks of cancer: 1) self-sufficiency in growth signals, 2) insensitivity to antigrowth signals, 3) evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis), 4) limitless replicative potential, 5) sustained angiogenesis and 6) tissue invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have indicated that the contribution of specific ion channels to these hallmarks varies for different types of cancer. Therefore, to determine the importance of ion channels as targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment their expression, function and regulation must be assessed for each cancer.
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Zhang XY, Chen J, Zheng YF, Gao XL, Kang Y, Liu JC, Cheng MJ, Sun H, Xu CJ. Follicle-stimulating hormone peptide can facilitate paclitaxel nanoparticles to target ovarian carcinoma in vivo. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6506-14. [PMID: 19638590 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important treatment for ovarian cancer. However, conventional chemotherapy has inevitable drawbacks due to side effects from nonspecific biodistribution of the chemotherapeutic drugs. To solve such problem, targeted delivery approaches were developed. The targeted delivery approaches combine drug carriers with the targeting system and can preferentially bring drugs to the targeted sites. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is an ovarian cancer-specific receptor. By using a peptide derived from FSH (amino acids 33-53 of the FSH beta chain, named as FSH33), we developed a conjugated nanoparticle, FSH33-NP, to target FSHR in ovarian cancer. FSH33-NP was tested for recognition specificity and uptake efficiency on FSHR-expressing cells. Then, the antitumor efficiency of paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded FSH33-NP (FSH33-NP-PTX) was determined. FSH33-NP-PTX displayed stronger antiproliferation and antitumor effects compared with free PTX or naked PTX-loaded nanoparticles (NP-PTX) both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this novel FSH33-NP delivery system showed very high selectivity and efficacy for FSHR-expressing tumor tissues. Therefore, it has good potential to become a new therapeutic approach for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, People's Republic of China
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