MiR-204-5p-targeted AP1S2 is necessary for papillary thyroid carcinoma

Silencing of LncRNA XIST Suppressed Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Modulating miR-204/FN1 Axis

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a prevalent endocrine malignancy with a high incidence rate of regional lymph node metastasis. Dysregulation of lncRNA XIST has been observed in various malignancies. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of lncRNA XIST in PTC metastasis. Quantitative real-time PCR assays were conducted to detect the expression levels of XIST, FN1, and miR-204-5p in PTC tissues. Meanwhile, loss-of-function assays were employed to evaluate the oncogenic roles of XIST in PTC cell lines. Our results revealed significant overexpression of XIST and FN1 in PTC tissues and cell lines, accompanied by decreased levels of miR-204-5p (p < 0.05). Knockdown of XIST or FN1 inhibited cellular proliferation, metastasis, and invasion in PTC cells, upregulated E-cadherin, and downregulated N-cadherin and Vimentin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that XIST regulates FN1 expression by competitively binding to miR-204-5p. MiRNA inhibitor rescue assays confirmed the pivotal role of the XIST/miR-204/FN1 axis in PTC metastasis and invasion. Our study underscores the oncogenic role of XIST in PTC by acting as a sponge for miR-204, regulating FN1 expression. These findings hold promise for advancing our understanding of thyroid cancer and developing potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets for PTC.

The Role of miRNA in Hyperthyroidism Induced by Excessive Iodine in Drinking Water

In recent years, iodine deficiency-related diseases have been effectively controlled; the prevalence of excessive iodine-induced thyroid diseases has increased, such as hyperthyroidism. However, there are still several controversial outcomes regarding the relationship between excessive iodine intakes and hyperthyroidism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) extensively participate in the progression of thyroid diseases; nevertheless, the relationship and mechanism between iodine exposure and miRNAs have not been explored in hyperthyroidism patients. In this study, a total of 308 pairs of hyperthyroidism patients and healthy controls were enrolled in. Logistic regression analysis showed that level of water iodine >100 μg/L was an independent risk factor for hyperthyroidism. Compared with the healthy control, the serum thyroglobulin (Tg) content and levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly elevated in hyperthyroidism patients. Further, high-throughput miRNA sequencing was applied to find crucial miRNAs involved in the occurrence of hyperthyroidism related to excessive water iodine. Based on the fold change and Q value, miR-144-3p, miR-204-5p, miR-346, miR-23b-5p, and miR-193b-3p were selected for validation by qRT-PCR. Our results showed that miR-346 and miR-204-5p in the case group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the similar results found under the level of water iodine >300 μg/L. Nonetheless, no significant difference was found at 10-100 μg/L level of water iodine. Furthermore, the ROC curve indicated that miR-346 and miR-204-5p had the ability to diagnose hyperthyroidism patients. Taken together, excessive water iodine may decrease the expression of miR-346 and miR-204-5p, which mediate the elevation of Tg and cytokines, ultimately making contribution to the development of hyperthyroidism.

MicroRNA-based interventions in aberrant cell cycle diseases: Therapeutic strategies for cancers, central nervous system disorders and comorbidities

Malignant tumors and central nervous system (CNS) disorders are intricately linked to a process known as "aberrant cell cycle re-entry," which plays a critical role in the progression of these diseases. Addressing the dysregulation in cell cycles offers a promising therapeutic approach for cancers and CNS disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role as regulators of gene expression in cell cycle transitions, presenting a promising therapeutic avenue for treating these disorders and their comorbidities. This review consolidates the progress made in the last three years regarding miRNA-based treatments for diseases associated with aberrant cell cycle re-entry. It encompasses exploring fundamental mechanisms and signaling pathways influenced by miRNAs in cancers and CNS disorders, particularly focusing on the therapeutic effects of exosome-derived miRNAs. The review also identifies specific miRNAs implicated in comorbidity of cancers and CNS disorders, discusses the future potential of miRNA reagents in managing cell cycle-related diseases.