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Ma S, Wang C, Khan A, Liu L, Dalgleish J, Kiryluk K, He Z, Ionita-Laza I. BIGKnock: fine-mapping gene-based associations via knockoff analysis of biobank-scale data. Genome Biol 2023; 24:24. [PMID: 36782330 PMCID: PMC9926792 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose BIGKnock (BIobank-scale Gene-based association test via Knockoffs), a computationally efficient gene-based testing approach for biobank-scale data, that leverages long-range chromatin interaction data, and performs conditional genome-wide testing via knockoffs. BIGKnock can prioritize causal genes over proxy associations at a locus. We apply BIGKnock to the UK Biobank data with 405,296 participants for multiple binary and quantitative traits, and show that relative to conventional gene-based tests, BIGKnock produces smaller sets of significant genes that contain the causal gene(s) with high probability. We further illustrate its ability to pinpoint potential causal genes at [Formula: see text] of the associated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atlas Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linxi Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James Dalgleish
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zihuai He
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Jacob J, Boczkowska S, Zaluska W, Buraczynska M. Apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphism (rs662799) and cardiovascular disease in end-stage kidney disease patients. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:307. [PMID: 36071387 PMCID: PMC9450442 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The APOA5 gene is one of the crucial factors in plasma TG metabolism regulation. The rs662799 polymorphism in the APOA5 gene has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential association of this variant with CVD in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Methods In this case–control study the polymorphism was analyzed using the PCR–RFLP method in 800 consecutive patients with ESKD and 500 healthy controls. The genotype and allele distribution was compared between subgroups of patients with CVD (552) versus those without CVD (248). Results The frequency of the minor allele (C) in the healthy individuals was 9% compared to 12% in ESRD group (p = 0.09). The difference between groups was slightly higher for CC homozygote (3.5% versus 1.6%, p = 0.042). The ESKD patient group was analyzed according to the presence or absence of CVD. The significant differences in the polymorphism distribution were revealed in this analysis. The frequency of the C allele in the CVD + subgroup was 14% compared to 6% in CVD- patients (p = 0.001). In the CVD + subgroup the ORs (95% CI) for the C allele and CC genotype were 2.41 (1.61–3.6), p < 0.001 and 3.13 (1.07–9.14), p = 0.036, respectively. This indicates to the association of the variant C allele with cardiovascular disease in ESKD patients. The CC homozygotes have a threefold higher odds of CVD compared to TT homozygotes. The highest frequency of the C allele (18%) was observed in subgroup of patients with diabetic nephropathy, with OR (95% CI) 3.40 (2.13–5.43), p < 0.001.The presence of minor allele (CC and CT genotypes) was significantly associated with increased plasma triglyceride levels (p < 0.001 for both CVD + and CVD- groups). Conclusion The present study demonstrated the effect of rs662799 polymorphism on plasma TG levels and its association with the development of cardiovascular disease in ESKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Jacob
- Hope Medical Institute, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - Sylwia Boczkowska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zaluska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Buraczynska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW : Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH), defined by concurrently elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, has long been investigated to characterize its genetic basis. Despite almost half a century of searching, a single gene cause for the phenotype has not yet been identified. RECENT FINDINGS : Recent studies using next-generation genetic analytic methods confirm that FCH has a polygenic basis, with a clear large contribution from the accumulation of small-to-moderate effect common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome that is associated with raising TG, and probably also those raising LDL cholesterol. On the other hand, rare monogenic variants, such as those causing familial hypercholesterolemia, play a negligible role, if any. Genetic profiling suggests that patients with FCH and hypertriglyceridemia share a strong polygenic basis and show a similar profile of multiple TG-raising common SNPs. SUMMARY : Recent progress in genomics has shown that most if not all of the genetic susceptibility to FCH is polygenic in nature. Future research should include larger cohort studies, with wider ancestral diversity, ancestry-specific polygenic scores, and investigation of epigenetic and lifestyle factors to help further elucidate the causative agents at play in cases where the genetic etiology remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Iannuzzo G, Buonaiuto A, Calcaterra I, Gentile M, Forte F, Tripaldella M, Di Taranto MD, Giacobbe C, Fortunato G, Rubba PO, Di Minno MND. Association between causative mutations and response to PCSK9 inhibitor therapy in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia: A single center real-world study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:684-691. [PMID: 34991937 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease that leads to cardiovascular (CV) disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9-I) demonstrated efficacy in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction and in prevention of CV events. The aim of our study is to evaluate the relationship between LDL receptor (LDLR) mutations and response to PCSK9-I therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) in consecutive patients with FH before PCSK9-I treatment and after 12 (T12w) and 36 (T36w) weeks of treatment. We evaluated LDL-C target achievement according to different mutations in LDLR. Eighty FH subjects (mean age:54 ± 13.3 years), 39 heterozygous (He) with defective LDLR gene mutations, 30 He with null mutations and 11 compound-He or homozygous (Ho) were recruited. At baseline, 69 subjects were under maximal lipid lowering therapy (MLLT) and 11 subjects had statin-intolerance. From baseline to T36w we observed an overall 51% reduction in LDL-C. We found no difference in LDL-C changes between subjects with He-defective mutation and He-null mutations both at T12w (p = 1.00) and T36w (p = 0.538). At T36w, LDL-C target was achieved in 59% of He-defective mutations subjects and in 36% of He-null mutations subgroup (p = 0.069), whereas none of compound-He/Ho-FH achieved LDL-C target. CONCLUSIONS After 36 weeks there were no differences in response to PCSK9-I therapy between different groups of He-FH subjects. Response to PCSK9-I was significantly lower in carriers of compound-He/Ho mutations. Registration number for clinical trials: NCT04313270 extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonaiuto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Forte
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Tripaldella
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D Di Taranto
- Department of Molecular Medicine e Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carola Giacobbe
- Department of Molecular Medicine e Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Department of Molecular Medicine e Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo O Rubba
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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5
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Genetics of Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) Disorder: An Update. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:453-481. [PMID: 34478023 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is one of the most common familial lipoprotein disorders of the lipoproteins, with a prevalence of 0.5% to 2% in different populations. About 10% of these patients suffer from cardiovascular disease and this number is increased by up to 11.3% in the young survivors of myocardial infarction and by 40% among all the survivors of myocardial infarction. Although initially thought to be that FCHL has an inheritance pattern of monogenic, the disease's etiology is still not fully understood and it appears that FCHL has a complex pattern related to genetic variants, environmental factors, and lifestyles. Two strategies have been used to identify its complex genetic background: candidate gene and the linkage approach, which have yielded an extensive list of genes associated with FCHL with a variable degree of scientific evidence. Until now, more than 30 different genetic variants have been identified related to FCHL. In this study, we aimed to review the individual genes that have been described in FCHL and how these genes and variants can be related to the current concept of metabolic pathways resulting in familial combined hyperlipidemia.
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6
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Hoekstra M, Ren B, Laurila PP, Hildebrand RB, Soronen J, Frodermann V, Li Z, Boon MR, Geerling JJ, Rensen PCN, Jauhiainen M, Van Eck M. Hematopoietic upstream stimulating factor 1 deficiency is associated with increased atherosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16419. [PMID: 34385562 PMCID: PMC8361089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Total body upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) deficiency in mice is associated with brown adipose tissue activation and a marked protection against the development of obesity and atherosclerotic lesions. Functional expression of USF1 has also been detected in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. In the current study we therefore tested whether selective hematopoietic USF1 deficiency can also beneficially impact the development of atherosclerosis. For this purpose, LDL receptor knockout mice were transplanted with bone marrow from USF1 knockout mice or their wild-type littermate controls and subsequently fed a Western-type diet for 20 weeks to stimulate atherosclerotic lesion development. Strikingly, absence of USF1 function in bone marrow-derived cells was associated with exacerbated blood leukocyte (+ 100%; P < 0.01) and peritoneal leukocyte (+ 50%; P < 0.05) lipid loading and an increased atherosclerosis susceptibility (+ 31%; P < 0.05). These effects could be attributed to aggravated hyperlipidemia, i.e. higher plasma free cholesterol (+ 33%; P < 0.001) and cholesteryl esters (+ 39%; P < 0.001), and the development of hepatosteatosis. In conclusion, we have shown that hematopoietic USF1 deficiency is associated with an increased atherosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice. These findings argue against a contribution of macrophage-specific USF1 deficiency to the previously described beneficial effect of total body USF1 deficiency on atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Baoyan Ren
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genomics and Biobank Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum 1, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reeni B Hildebrand
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biobank Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum 1, Helsinki, Finland.,Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer Oy BOF-PH-MRA-MA, Medical Affairs PO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Vanessa Frodermann
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine J Geerling
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Di Taranto MD, Giacobbe C, Palma D, Iannuzzo G, Gentile M, Calcaterra I, Guardamagna O, Auricchio R, Di Minno MND, Fortunato G. Genetic spectrum of familial hypercholesterolemia and correlations with clinical expression: Implications for diagnosis improvement. Clin Genet 2021; 100:529-541. [PMID: 34297352 PMCID: PMC9291778 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common genetic disease caused by variants in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 genes; it is characterized by high levels of LDL‐cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease. We aim to perform a retrospective analysis of a genetically screened population (528 unrelated patients—342 adults and 186 children) to evaluate the biochemical and clinical correlations with the different genetic statuses. Genetic screening was performed by traditional sequencing and some patients were re‐analyzed by next‐generation‐sequencing. Pathogenic variants, mainly missense in the LDLR gene, were identified in 402/528 patients (76.1%), including 4 homozygotes, 17 compound heterozygotes and 1 double heterozygotes. A gradual increase of LDL‐cholesterol was observed from patients without pathogenic variants to patients with a defective variant, to patients with a null variant and to patients with two variants. Six variants accounted for 51% of patients; a large variability of LDL‐cholesterol was observed among patients carrying the same variant. The frequency of pathogenic variants gradually increased from unlikely FH to definite FH, according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. Genetic diagnosis can help prognostic evaluation of FH patients, discriminating between the different genetic statuses or variant types. Clinical suspicion of FH should be considered even if few symptoms are present or if LDL‐cholesterol is only mildly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Carola Giacobbe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Palma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
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8
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Zhao XN, Sun Q, Cao YQ, Ran X, Cao Y. Association between apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and hyperlipidemia: a meta-analysis. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:14. [PMID: 33836655 PMCID: PMC8034140 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia plays an important role in the etiology of cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Over recent years, a number of studies have explored the impact of apolipoprotein genetic polymorphisms in hyperlipidemia, but considerable differences and uncertainty have been found in their association with different populations from different regions. RESULTS A total of 59 articles were included, containing in total 13,843 hyperlipidemia patients in the case group and 15,398 healthy controls in the control group. Meta-analysis of the data indicated that APOA5-1131 T > C, APOA1 -75 bp, APOB XbaI, and APOE gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with hyperlipidemia, with OR values of 1.996, 1.228, 1.444, and 1.710, respectively. All P-values were less than 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis of the data indicated that the C allele of APOA5 1131 T > C, the A allele at APOA1-75 bp, the APOB XbaI T allele, and the ε2 and ε4 allele of APOE were each a risk factor for susceptibility for hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Zhao
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Quan Sun
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - You-Qin Cao
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiao Ran
- School of Health, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Health, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
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9
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Bea AM, Franco-Marín E, Marco-Benedí V, Jarauta E, Gracia-Rubio I, Cenarro A, Civeira F, Lamiquiz-Moneo I. ANGPTL3 gene variants in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7002. [PMID: 33772079 PMCID: PMC7997994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) plays an important role in lipid metabolism in humans. Loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 cause a monogenic disease named familial combined hypolipidemia. However, the potential contribution of ANGPTL3 gene in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) has not been studied. For that reason, the aim of this work was to investigate the potential contribution of ANGPTL3 in the aetiology of FCHL by identifying gain-of-function (GOF) genetic variants in the ANGPTL3 gene in FCHL subjects. ANGPTL3 gene was sequenced in 162 unrelated subjects with severe FCHL and 165 normolipemic controls. Pathogenicity of genetic variants was predicted with PredictSNP2 and FruitFly. Frequency of identified variants in FCHL was compared with that of normolipemic controls and that described in the 1000 Genomes Project. No GOF mutations in ANGPTL3 were present in subjects with FCHL. Four variants were identified in FCHL subjects, showing a different frequency from that observed in normolipemic controls: c.607-109T>C, c.607-47_607-46delGT, c.835+41C>A and c.*52_*60del. This last variant, c.*52_*60del, is a microRNA associated sequence in the 3′UTR of ANGPTL3, and it was present 2.7 times more frequently in normolipemic controls than in FCHL subjects. Our research shows that no GOF mutations in ANGPTL3 were found in a large group of unrelated subjects with FCHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bea
- Unidad de Lípidos, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Avda. Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Franco-Marín
- Unidad de Lípidos, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Avda. Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - V Marco-Benedí
- Unidad de Lípidos, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Avda. Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Jarauta
- Unidad de Lípidos, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Avda. Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Gracia-Rubio
- Unidad de Lípidos, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Avda. Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Cenarro
- Unidad de Lípidos, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Avda. Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - F Civeira
- Unidad de Lípidos, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Avda. Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Unidad de Lípidos, IIS Aragón, CIBERCV, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Avda. Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Blanda V, Bracale UM, Di Taranto MD, Fortunato G. Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239232. [PMID: 33287402 PMCID: PMC7731136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein belonging to the lectin family with pleiotropic regulatory activities and several physiological cellular functions, such as cellular growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cellular adhesion, and tissue repair. Inflammation, tissue fibrosis and angiogenesis are the main processes in which Gal-3 is involved. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including organ fibrosis, chronic inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review aims to explore the connections of Gal-3 with cardiovascular diseases since they represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We herein discuss the evidence on the pro-inflammatory role of Gal-3 in the atherogenic process as well as the association with plaque features linked to lesion stability. We report the biological role and molecular mechanisms of Gal-3 in other CVDs, highlighting its involvement in the development of cardiac fibrosis and impaired myocardium remodelling, resulting in heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The role of Gal-3 as a prognostic marker of heart failure is described together with possible diagnostic applications to other CVDs. Finally, we report the tentative use of Gal-3 inhibition as a therapeutic approach to prevent cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Blanda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Umberto Marcello Bracale
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463530
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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Di Minno A, Gentile M, Iannuzzo G, Calcaterra I, Tripaldella M, Porro B, Cavalca V, Di Taranto MD, Tremoli E, Fortunato G, Rubba POF, Di Minno MND. Endothelial function improvement in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia receiving PCSK-9 inhibitors on top of maximally tolerated lipid lowering therapy. Thromb Res 2020; 194:229-236. [PMID: 33213848 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with protein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK-9i) reduced cholesterol levels and cardiovascular events in patients with hypercholesterolemia. We assessed changes in lipid profile, oxidation markers and endothelial function in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) after a 12-week treatment with a PCSK-9i. METHODS Patients with FH starting a treatment with PCSK-9i were included. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), small dense LDL (assessed by LDL score), 11-dehydro-thromboxane (11-TXB2), 8-isoprostaglandin-2alpha (8-iso-PGF2α), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) were evaluated before starting PCSK-9i treatment and after a 12-week treatment. RESULTS Twenty-five subjects were enrolled (52% males, mean age 51.5 years). At the 12-week assessment, we observed a 38% median reduction in TC, 52% in LDL-C, 7% in Lp(a) and 46% in LDL score. In parallel, 11-TXB2 and 8-iso-PGF2α showed a reduction of 18% and 17%, respectively. FMD changed from 4.78% ± 2.27 at baseline to 10.6% ± 5.89 at 12 weeks (p < 0.001), with RHI changing from 2.37 ± 1.23 to 3.76 ± 1.36 (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, change in LDL score was an independent predictor of changes in FMD (β = -0.846, p = 0.015) and in 8-iso-PGF2α (β = 0.778, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Small dense LDL reduction (assessed by LDL score) is related to changes in oxidation markers and endothelial function in patients with FH treated with PCSK-9i.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Tripaldella
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Porro
- Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Cavalca
- Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Department of Molecular Medicine e Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Department of Molecular Medicine e Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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12
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Di Minno MND, Gentile M, Di Minno A, Iannuzzo G, Calcaterra I, Buonaiuto A, Di Taranto MD, Giacobbe C, Fortunato G, Rubba POF. Changes in carotid stiffness in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with Evolocumab®: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:996-1004. [PMID: 32402582 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Protein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors demonstrated efficacy in cholesterol reduction and in the prevention of cardiovascular events. We evaluated changes in lipid profile and carotid stiffness in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia during 12 weeks of treatment with a PCSK-9 inhibitor, Evolocumab®. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia starting a treatment with Evolocumab® were included. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL (assessed by LDL score) and carotid stiffness were evaluated before starting treatment with Evolocumab® and during 12 weeks of treatment. Twenty-five subjects were enrolled (52% males, mean age 51.5 years). TC and LDL-C were reduced of 38% and 52%, respectively during treatment, with LDL score reduced of 46.1%. In parallel, carotid stiffness changed from 8.8 (IQR: 7.0-10.4) m/sec to 6.6 (IQR: 5.4-7.5) m/sec, corresponding to a median change of 21.4% (p < 0.001), with a significant increase in carotid distensibility (from 12.1, IQR: 8.73-19.3 kPA-1 × 10-3 at T0 to 21.8, IQR: 16.6-31.8 kPA-1 × 10-3 at T12w) corresponding to a median change of 62.8% (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that changes in LDL score were independently associated with changes in carotid stiffness (β = 0.429, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Small dense LDL reduction, as assessed by LDL score, is associated with changes in carotid stiffness in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with Evolocumab®.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonaiuto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D Di Taranto
- Department of Molecular Medicine e Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carola Giacobbe
- Department of Molecular Medicine e Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Department of Molecular Medicine e Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo O F Rubba
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Di Taranto MD, Giacobbe C, Fortunato G. Familial hypercholesterolemia: A complex genetic disease with variable phenotypes. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Di Taranto MD, Giacobbe C, Buonaiuto A, Calcaterra I, Palma D, Maione G, Iannuzzo G, Di Minno MND, Rubba P, Fortunato G. A Real-World Experience of Clinical, Biochemical and Genetic Assessment of Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010219. [PMID: 31947532 PMCID: PMC7019873 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH), the severest form of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), is characterized by very high LDL-cholesterol levels and a high frequency of coronary heart disease. The disease is caused by the presence of either a pathogenic variant at homozygous status or of two pathogenic variants at compound heterozygous status in the LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 genes. We retrospectively analyzed data of 23 HoFH patients (four children and 19 adults) identified during the genetic screening of 724 FH patients. Genetic screening was performed by sequencing FH causative genes and identifying large rearrangements of LDLR. Among the HoFH patients, four out of 23 (17.4%) were true homozygotes, whereas 19 out of 23 (82.6%) were compound heterozygotes for variants in the LDLR gene. Basal LDL-cholesterol was 12.9 ± 2.9 mmol/L. LDL-cholesterol levels decreased to 7.2 ± 1.8 mmol/L when treated with statin/ezetimibe and to 5.1 ± 3.1 mmol/L with anti-PCSK9 antibodies. Homozygous patients showed higher basal LDL-cholesterol and a poorer response to therapy compared with compound heterozygotes. Since 19 unrelated patients were identified in the Campania region (6,000,000 inhabitants) in southern Italy, the regional prevalence of HoFH was estimated to be at least 1:320,000. In conclusion, our results revealed a worse phenotype for homozygotes compared with compound heterozygotes, thereby highlighting the role of genetic screening in differentiating one genetic status from the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (D.P.); (G.M.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.D.T.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-081-7463530 (M.D.D.T.); +39-081-7464200 (G.F.)
| | - Carola Giacobbe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (D.P.); (G.M.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonaiuto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (I.C.); (G.I.); (P.R.)
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (I.C.); (G.I.); (P.R.)
| | - Daniela Palma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (D.P.); (G.M.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maione
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (D.P.); (G.M.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (I.C.); (G.I.); (P.R.)
| | - Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Rubba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (I.C.); (G.I.); (P.R.)
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (D.P.); (G.M.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.D.T.); (G.F.); Tel.: +39-081-7463530 (M.D.D.T.); +39-081-7464200 (G.F.)
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Taghizadeh E, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Pasdar A. A novel variant in LPL gene is associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Biofactors 2020; 46:94-99. [PMID: 31599081 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common genetic disorder characterized by increased fasted serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B-100. Molecular genetic techniques such as next generation sequencing have been very successful methods for rare variants finding with a moderate-to large effect. In this study, we characterized a large pedigree from MASHAD study in northeast Iran with coinheritance of FCHL and early-onset coronary heart disease. In this family, we used whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to determine the disease-associated gene. We identified a novel variant in the LPL gene, leading to a substitution of an asparagine for aspartic acid at position 151. The D151N substitution cosegregated with these characters in all affected family members in the pedigree but it was absent in all unaffected members in this family. We speculated that the mutation D151N in LPL gene might be associated with FCHL and early-onset coronary heart disease in this family. However, the substantial mechanism requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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16
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Emerging evidences for the opposite role of apolipoprotein C3 and apolipoprotein A5 in lipid metabolism and coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:220. [PMID: 31836003 PMCID: PMC6909560 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) and apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5), encoded by APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster, are two critical regulators of plasma triglyceride (TG) metabolism. Deficiency of apoC3 or apoA5 led to significant decreased or increased plasma TG levels, respectively. Recent studies indicated apoC3 and apoA5 also played roles in plasma remnant cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and hepatic TG metabolisms. Moreover, large scale population genetic studies indicated that loss of function mutations in APOC3 and APOA5 gene conferred decreased and increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), respectively. This manuscript mainly reviewed existing evidences suggesting the opposite role of apoC3 and apoA5 in lipid metabolism and CAD risk, and discussed the potential correlation between these two apolipoproteins.
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Nardone D, Ciaramella A, Staiano A. A Sparse-Modeling Based Approach for Class Specific Feature Selection. PeerJ Comput Sci 2019; 5:e237. [PMID: 33816890 PMCID: PMC7924712 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel Feature Selection framework called Sparse-Modeling Based Approach for Class Specific Feature Selection (SMBA-CSFS), that simultaneously exploits the idea of Sparse Modeling and Class-Specific Feature Selection. Feature selection plays a key role in several fields (e.g., computational biology), making it possible to treat models with fewer variables which, in turn, are easier to explain, by providing valuable insights on the importance of their role, and likely speeding up the experimental validation. Unfortunately, also corroborated by the no free lunch theorems, none of the approaches in literature is the most apt to detect the optimal feature subset for building a final model, thus it still represents a challenge. The proposed feature selection procedure conceives a two-step approach: (a) a sparse modeling-based learning technique is first used to find the best subset of features, for each class of a training set; (b) the discovered feature subsets are then fed to a class-specific feature selection scheme, in order to assess the effectiveness of the selected features in classification tasks. To this end, an ensemble of classifiers is built, where each classifier is trained on its own feature subset discovered in the previous phase, and a proper decision rule is adopted to compute the ensemble responses. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, extensive experiments have been performed on publicly available datasets, in particular belonging to the computational biology field where feature selection is indispensable: the acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, the human carcinomas, the human lung carcinomas, the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and the malignant glioma. SMBA-CSFS is able to identify/retrieve the most representative features that maximize the classification accuracy. With top 20 and 80 features, SMBA-CSFS exhibits a promising performance when compared to its competitors from literature, on all considered datasets, especially those with a higher number of features. Experiments show that the proposed approach may outperform the state-of-the-art methods when the number of features is high. For this reason, the introduced approach proposes itself for selection and classification of data with a large number of features and classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Nardone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Ciaramella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Staiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
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Gallois A, Mefford J, Ko A, Vaysse A, Julienne H, Ala-Korpela M, Laakso M, Zaitlen N, Pajukanta P, Aschard H. A comprehensive study of metabolite genetics reveals strong pleiotropy and heterogeneity across time and context. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4788. [PMID: 31636271 PMCID: PMC6803661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of metabolites have identified thousands of variants, many of which are associated with downstream metabolic and obesogenic disorders. However, these studies have relied on univariate analyses, reducing power and limiting context-specific understanding. Here we aim to provide an integrated perspective of the genetic basis of metabolites by leveraging the Finnish Metabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) cohort, a unique genetic resource which contains metabolic measurements, mostly lipids, across distinct time points as well as information on statin usage. We increase effective sample size by an average of two-fold by applying the Covariates for Multi-phenotype Studies (CMS) approach, identifying 588 significant SNP-metabolite associations, including 228 new associations. Our analysis pinpoints a small number of master metabolic regulator genes, balancing the relative proportion of dozens of metabolite levels. We further identify associations to changes in metabolic levels across time as well as genetic interactions with statin at both the master metabolic regulator and genome-wide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Gallois
- Department of Computational Biology - USR 3756 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Joel Mefford
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- Department of Computational Biology - USR 3756 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hanna Julienne
- Department of Computational Biology - USR 3756 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Department of Computational Biology - USR 3756 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Di Taranto MD, de Falco R, Guardamagna O, Massini G, Giacobbe C, Auricchio R, Malamisura B, Proto M, Palma D, Greco L, Fortunato G. Lipid profile and genetic status in a familial hypercholesterolemia pediatric population: exploring the LDL/HDL ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 57:1102-1110. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes involved in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake (LDLR, APOB and PCSK9). Genetic diagnosis is particularly useful in asymptomatic children allowing for the detection of definite FH patients. Furthermore, defining their genetic status may be of considerable importance as the compound heterozygous status is much more severe than the heterozygous one. Our study aims at depicting the genetic background of an Italian pediatric population with FH focusing on the correlation between lipid profile and genetic status.
Methods
Out of 196 patients with clinically suspected FH (LDL-cholesterol [LDL-C] levels above 3.37 mmol/L, cholesterol level above 6.46 mmol/L in a first-degree relative or the presence of premature cardiovascular acute disease in a first/second-degree relative), we screened 164 index cases for mutations in the LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes.
Results
Patients with mutations (129/164) showed increased levels of LDL-C, 95th percentile-adjusted LDL-C and LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and decreased levels of HDL-C, adjusted HDL-C. The association of the LDL/HDL ratio with the presence of mutations was assessed independently of age, (body mass index) BMI, parental hypercholesterolemia, premature coronary artery disease (CAD), triglycerides by multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio [OR]=1.701 [1.103–2.621], p=0.016). The LDL/HDL ratio gradually increased from patients without mutations to patients with missense mutations, null mutations and compound heterozygotes.
Conclusions
In conclusion, the LDL/HDL ratio proved to be a better parameter than LDL-C for discriminating patients with from patients without mutations across different genetic statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l. , Naples , Italy
| | - Renato de Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l. , Naples , Italy
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Giulia Massini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin , Italy
| | - Carola Giacobbe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l. , Naples , Italy
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Basilio Malamisura
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Michela Proto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Daniela Palma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l. , Naples , Italy
| | - Luigi Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l. , via Gaetano Salvatore 486 , 80145 Naples , Italy , Phone: +39-081.746.4200
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The Regulation of Cbf1 by PAS Kinase Is a Pivotal Control Point for Lipogenesis vs. Respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:33-46. [PMID: 30381292 PMCID: PMC6325914 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PAS kinase 1 (Psk1) is a key regulator of respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Herein the molecular mechanisms of this regulation are explored through the characterization of its substrate, Centromere binding factor 1 (Cbf1). CBF1-deficient yeast displayed a significant decrease in cellular respiration, while PAS kinase-deficient yeast, or yeast harboring a Cbf1 phosphosite mutant (T211A) displayed a significant increase. Transmission electron micrographs showed an increased number of mitochondria in PAS kinase-deficient yeast consistent with the increase in respiration. Although the CBF1-deficient yeast did not appear to have an altered number of mitochondria, a mitochondrial proteomics study revealed significant differences in the mitochondrial composition of CBF1-deficient yeast including altered Atp3 levels, a subunit of the mitochondrial F1-ATP synthase complex. Both beta-galactosidase reporter assays and western blot analysis confirmed direct transcriptional control of ATP3 by Cbf1. In addition, we confirmed the regulation of yeast lipid genes LAC1 and LAG1 by Cbf1. The human homolog of Cbf1, Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), is also known to be involved in lipid biogenesis. Herein, we provide the first evidence for a role of USF1 in respiration since it appeared to complement Cbf1in vivo as determined by respiration phenotypes. In addition, we confirmed USF1 as a substrate of human PAS kinase (hPASK) in vitro. Combined, our data supports a model in which Cbf1/USF1 functions to partition glucose toward respiration and away from lipid biogenesis, while PAS kinase inhibits respiration in part through the inhibition of Cbf1/USF1.
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Rubba P, Gentile M, Marotta G, Iannuzzi A, Sodano M, De Simone B, Jossa F, Iannuzzo G, Giacobbe C, Di Taranto MD, Fortunato G. Causative mutations and premature cardiovascular disease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:1051-1059. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487317702040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rubba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Marotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Marta Sodano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy
| | - Biagio De Simone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Jossa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy
| | - Carola Giacobbe
- CEINGE S.c.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Fortunato
- CEINGE S.c.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Niemiec P, Nowak T, Iwanicki T, Gorczynska-Kosiorz S, Balcerzyk A, Krauze J, Grzeszczak W, Wiecha M, Zak I. The rs2516839 Polymorphism of the USF1 Gene May Modulate Serum Triglyceride Levels in Response to Cigarette Smoking. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13203-16. [PMID: 26068452 PMCID: PMC4490492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the USF1 gene (upstream stimulatory factor 1) influence plasma lipid levels. This study aims to determine whether USF1 SNPs interact with traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis to increase coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. In the present study serum lipid levels and USF1 gene polymorphisms (rs2516839 and rs3737787) were determined in 470 subjects: 235 patients with premature CAD and 235 controls. A trend of increasing triglycerides (TG) levels in relation to the C allele dose of rs2516839 SNP was observed. The synergistic effect of cigarette smoking and C allele carrier state on CAD risk was also found (SIM = 2.69, p = 0.015). TG levels differentiated significantly particular genotypes in smokers (1.53 mmol/L for TT, 1.80 mmol/L for CT and 2.27 mmol/L for CC subjects). In contrast, these differences were not observed in the non-smokers subgroup (1.57 mmol/L for TT, 1.46 mmol/L for CT and 1.49 mmol/L for CC subjects). In conclusion, the rs2516839 polymorphism may modulate serum triglyceride levels in response to cigarette smoking. Carriers of the C allele seem to be particularly at risk of CAD, when exposed to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Niemiec
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medykow Str 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medykow Str 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Iwanicki
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medykow Str 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Gorczynska-Kosiorz
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nephrology, 3 Maja Str 13-18, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Anna Balcerzyk
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nephrology, 3 Maja Str 13-18, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Krauze
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 1st Department of Cardiac Surgery in Upper Silesian Center of Cardiology in Katowice, Ziolowa Str 47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Wladyslaw Grzeszczak
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Nephrology, 3 Maja Str 13-18, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Maria Wiecha
- Regional Centre of Blood Donation and Blood Treatment in Raciborz, Sienkiewicza Str 3, 47-400 Raciborz, Poland.
| | - Iwona Zak
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Medykow Str 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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Statistical and Computational Methods for Genetic Diseases: An Overview. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2015; 2015:954598. [PMID: 26106440 PMCID: PMC4464008 DOI: 10.1155/2015/954598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of causes of genetic diseases has been carried out by several approaches with increasing complexity. Innovation of genetic methodologies leads to the production of large amounts of data that needs the support of statistical and computational methods to be correctly processed. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of statistical and computational methods paying attention to methods for the sequence analysis and complex diseases.
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Cui Y, Kaisaierjiang A, Cao P, Wu ZY, Lv Q. Association of apolipoprotein A5 genetic polymorphisms with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head in a Chinese Han population. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:229. [PMID: 25515090 PMCID: PMC4282735 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) may result in lipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, genetic polymorphisms in ApoA5 may be associated with the occurrence of osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). METHODS We designed a case-control study including 223 patients of osteonecrosis and 201 age- and sex-matched control subjects to analyze the association between ApoA5 polymorphisms and susceptibility of steroid-induced ONFH. We utilized polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to genotype two SNPs (rs662799 and rs3135506) in ApoA5 gene. RESULTS We found both rs662799 and rs3135506 were associated with the risk of ONFH in codominant, dominant, and recessive model, respectively. Haplotype analyses suggested that T-C haplotype was associated with decreased risk of ONFH, whereas the haplotype C-C was significantly associated with an increased risk of ONFH. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that ApoA5 genetic polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to ONFH in Chinese population. However, our results need further investigation with large sample size and various populations. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_229.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Department of orthopetics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.118, Henan West Street, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Aihemaiti Kaisaierjiang
- Department of orthopetics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.118, Henan West Street, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of orthopetics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.118, Henan West Street, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Zhong-Yan Wu
- Department of orthopetics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.118, Henan West Street, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of orthopetics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No.118, Henan West Street, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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