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Hoffman LC, Silberbauer BL, Needham T, Bureš D, Kotrba R, Strydom PE. The Effect of Sex on the Chemical and Mineral Composition of the Meat, Bone and Liver of Giraffe ( Giraffa giraffa angolensis). Foods 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38338529 PMCID: PMC10855660 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers tend to buy meat based on visual physical characteristics, which are affected by the chemical composition of the meat, and there is very little known about the chemical composition of the meat of giraffe. This study therefore aims to broaden the knowledge base on the chemical composition of giraffe meat, rib bone and liver. Eight different muscles from 15 giraffes were analyzed to determine the chemical composition, yielding an average moisture of 77.2 ± 0.09 g/100 g meat, an average protein of 20.8 ± 0.09 g/100 g meat, an average intramuscular fat (IMF) of 1.4 ± 0.03 g/100 g meat and an average ash of 1.1 ± 0.01 g/100 g meat. There was a significant interaction between sex and muscle for the moisture, protein and ash contents, while only muscle had an effect on the fat content. The mineral content of the bone, liver and Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was also analyzed, and bone was found to be a rich source of calcium (highest concentration), whilst the liver had the highest concentration of iron. The chemical composition of the giraffe meat was such that it could be classified as lean meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (B.L.S.); (P.E.S.)
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Digital Agricultural Building, Gatton 4343, Australia
| | - Bianca L. Silberbauer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (B.L.S.); (P.E.S.)
| | - Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.N.); (R.K.)
| | - Daniel Bureš
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Radim Kotrba
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.N.); (R.K.)
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Praha Uhříněves, 10400 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philip E. Strydom
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (B.L.S.); (P.E.S.)
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Liang Y, Jiao D, Du X, Zhou J, Degen AA, Ran F, Sun G, Ji K, Wu X, Cheng X, Ma X, Qian C, Yang G. Effect of dietary Agriophyllum squarrosum on average daily gain, meat quality and muscle fatty acids in growing Tan lambs. Meat Sci 2023; 201:109195. [PMID: 37119717 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The herb A. squarrosum is reputed to possess medicinal properties for humans, and has the potential to be a feed resource for livestock. We hypothesized that this herb would improve the meat quality of lambs. To test this hypothesis, 24 Tan ewe-lambs (27.7 ± 0.45 kg) were offered diets containing 0 (CON), 100 (AS100), 200 (AS200) and 300 (AS300) g A. squarrosum/kg DM, and average daily gain, carcass traits, blood metabolites, meat quality and fatty acid profiles were determined. Drip loss % and cooking loss % decreased with the AS100 and AS200 diets (P < 0.05). Dietary A. squarrosum reduced muscle fiber area and diameter and increased density of the meat (P < 0.05), which indicated that the meat was more tender. The concentrations of C10:0 and C18:1n-9 t were 1ower and of C17:0 and C18:3n-3 were greater in the AS200 and AS300 treatments than CON (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that feeding lambs up to 200 g/kg DM of A. squarrosum can increase the water-holding capacity and L* value of meat without compromising growth. Further research is needed to determine the optimal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Du
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Abraham Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva l8410500, Israel
| | - Fu Ran
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guancong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaixi Ji
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xindong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chaoju Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Department of Ecology and Agriculture Research, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Dongying Yellow River Delta Biogenetic and Molecular Precision Breeding Laboratory, Dongying 257092, China; Shandong Huakun Rural Revitalization Institute Co., LTD, Dongying 250014, China.
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Steiner-Bogdaszewska Ż, Tajchman K, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Florek M, Pecio M. The Mineral Composition of Bone Marrow, Plasma, Bones and the First Antlers of Farmed Fallow Deer. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202764. [PMID: 36290150 PMCID: PMC9597732 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate supply of essential nutrients is particularly important during the skeletal growth and development of young deer, especially in males, who build new antlers each year. The aim of the research was to analyze the levels of 21 mineral elements (including the bulk elements: Ca, P, Mg, K, Na; trace elements: Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo; and toxic elements: Be, Al, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Ni) in the bone marrow, plasma, bones, and first antlers of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). The mineral compositions of tissues were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Higher concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Cr, Zn, Se, Al, Ba and Ni were found in bone marrow than in plasma. The highest concentrations of Ca, P and Ba were recorded in fallow deer bone, while the highest concentrations of Mg, K, Na, Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Be, Al, As, Sb, Pb and Ni were found in the antlers. Moreover, the research showed a significant negative relationship between Ca and Cd, and between Ca and Pb, and P and Pb (rS = −0.70, rS = −0.80, and rS = −0.66, respectively; p < 0.05) in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Steiner-Bogdaszewska
- Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Station in Kosewo Górne, 11-700 Mrągowo, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tajchman
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (A.U.-J.)
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (A.U.-J.)
| | - Mariusz Florek
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Pecio
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Cygan-Szczegielniak D, Stasiak K. Effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer Capreolus capreolus L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10782-10790. [PMID: 34528207 PMCID: PMC8783889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). In addition, correlations between heavy metals in individual tested matrices were studied as well as an attempt was made to explain the reasons for their accumulation in specific research matrices. The levels of Zn and Cu were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The levels of Pb and Cd were analysed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). In the own research, sex-related statistically significant differences in concentrations of analysed elements were confirmed. Higher levels of the elements were observed in samples collected from does (except for Cd in the liver samples of 6-7-month-old male fawns) but only in some cases, these values were statistically significantly higher. In some cases, age-related differences in the content of individual metals were also confirmed. Age-dependent increased Pb levels in the muscle and liver were reported in 6-7-month-old, <3-4-year-old, <5-6-year-old males. Similar relationships were confirmed for Zn in the bucks' muscles. In the group of does, the increase in heavy metal concentrations with aging was observed for Zn in the muscle and for Pb in the liver. In the other cases, the trend of age-related level changes regarding heavy metals was not clearly demonstrated. Significant positive correlations between Cu and Cd were found for all samples, and significant negative correlations of Cu with Pb were found for the hair and liver. There was a negative correlation of Zn with Cu in all matrices. The study also revealed a negative correlation between Zn and Pb in muscle and a strong significant negative correlation between Zn and Cd in hair and in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Cygan-Szczegielniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-004, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Stasiak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-004, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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The Levels of Mineral Elements and Toxic Metals in the Longissimus lumborum Muscle, Hair and Selected Organs of Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus L.) in Poland. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051231. [PMID: 33923214 PMCID: PMC8145373 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The relationships between nutritive elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Ca and Mg) and toxic metals (Pb and Cd) can inform the assessment of health status of red deer, which are exposed to pollution in their natural environment. These elements in the longissimus lumborum muscle, hair and selected organs of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) were analysed. The study revealed many significant correlations between the levels of elements and their high variability in individual tissues and organs. The accumulation of a specific metal in a tissue or organ can reduce its concentration in another matrix or promote increased content in another tissue or organ. Abstract The aim of the study was to analyse correlations and variability between the levels of mineral elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Ca and Mg) and toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the longissimus lumborum muscle, hair and selected organs of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). The levels of mineral elements were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The levels of Pb and Cd were analysed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). Of all analysed microelements, the highest concentration (in g·kg−1 of dry weight) was found for Fe in the liver. Considering all macroelements, the highest level was found for K in the longissimus lumborum muscle. Particularly remarkable was the high level of Pb in the muscle and hair of red deer. The level of Cd in the hair was four to five times lower than in other samples. The study revealed many significant correlations between the levels of certain elements in individual tissues and organs. There were significant correlations between Cu-Fe (rxy = 0.650; p ≤ 0.01), Pb-Cu (rxy = −0.863; p ≤ 0.01) and Cd-Ca (rxy = −0.743; p ≤ 0.01) in testicles. For kidneys, a significant negative correlation was found for K and Na (rxy = −0.779; p ≤ 0.01) and for Ca and Cd (rxy = −0.695; p ≤ 0.01), and a positive correlation between Cu and Mn (rxy = 0.693; p ≤ 0.01). In the liver, significant negative correlations were found between Ca-K (rxy = −0.654; p ≤ 0.05), Cd-Fe (rxy = −0.651; p ≤ 0.05) and Pb-Cu (rxy = −0.627; p ≤ 0.05). In the muscle, only single significant correlations were found between Cd and Mn (rxy = 0.648; p ≤ 0.05). The highest number of significant correlations were recorded for the hair, among others between Na-K (rxy = 0.760) and Ca-Zn (rxy = 0.709) at p ≤ 0.01. The study revealed high variability in the levels of mineral elements and selected toxic metals in tissues, organs and hair of red deer. Additionally, this research confirmed that the accumulation of a specific metal in a tissue or organ can reduce its concentration in another matrix or promote its increased content in another tissue or organ.
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Proximate Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile, and Lipid Qualitative Indices of Brown Bear Meat. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010036. [PMID: 33374425 PMCID: PMC7824718 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although game meat quality has been under the spotlight in numerous studies, the quality of brown bear (Ursus arctos) meat is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sex and age on the proximate chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and lipid indices of brown bear meat. Nine (n = 9) females and nine (n = 9) males were hunted during the Croatian spring hunting period in 2018. Based on age, bears were divided into two groups: <3 years (n = 9; five females and four males) and 4–6 years (n = 9; four females and five males). For analysis purposes, samples of M.semimembranosus were collected. Age was shown to have an effect on the traits analyzed, while sex-related differences were not found. Brown bear meat has a high fat content (average 6.12%), especially in older bears (~9%). The contents of protein, dry matter, and ash were similar to those of other game species. Monounsaturated fatty acids made up approximately 50% of all fatty acids, with the most abundant being C18:1n-9. More favorable profiles of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in younger bears. The ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids was closer to the recommended ratio than the ratio of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lipid indices were favorable. Further research is needed to determine seasonal changes in brown bear meat quality.
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Effect of Sex and Age on Nutritional Content in Wild Axis Deer ( Axis axis Erx.) Meat. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091560. [PMID: 32887479 PMCID: PMC7552240 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Game meat is perceived as more nutritious than meat originating from domestic farm-ranged animal species. However, meat composition is affected by numerous factors, and differences between game species can be found. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of sex and age on the content of macro- and micro-nutrients in meat from axis deer. Sixteen animals were hunt-harvested and assigned to groups according to sex and age. Samples of m. longissumus thoracis were examined to determine proximate chemical, fatty acid, amino acid and mineral composition. Minor differences were found in the analysed traits between sex and age groups. Regardless of sex and age, axis deer meat is characterised as having a high protein and low-fat content, favourable fatty acid composition and ratios. It is a good source of essential amino acids and micro-minerals. As data regarding axis deer meat are limited, the results of this study are a valuable contribution to describing the quality and nutritional composition of meat of different deer species. Axis deer meat can be recommended as a healthier substitute to red meat. Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the effect of sex and age on proximate chemical, fatty acid, amino acid and mineral content of axis deer (Axis axis Erx.) meat. Sixteen (n = 16) animals were hunt-harvested and assigned to groups according sex and age (sub-adult and adult). All analyses were made on m. longissimus thoracis sampled between the 9th and 13th ribs. Minor differences in nutritional composition of axis deer meat were found between analysed sex and age groups. Axis deer meat has a high protein (22.8%) and low fat (1.39%) content. Saturated fatty acids accounted for 44.97% and polyunsaturated for 29.66% of the total fatty acids. Ratios of fatty acids were within the recommended values. Glutamic and aspartic acid were the most abundant non-essential, and lysine and leucine the most common essential amino acids. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids was <1. Potassium and phosphorous were the dominant macro-minerals, while iron and zinc were the dominant micro-minerals. The results of this study show that regardless of sex or age, axis deer meat can be considered a good source of basic macro- and micro-nutrients, and can be recommended as a substitute for red meat from domestic animals.
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Hoffman LC, van Schalkwyk DL, Muller M, Needham T, van Rensburg BJ, McMillin KW. Carcass yields and physiochemical meat quality characteristics of Namibian gemsbok (Oryx gazella) as influenced by muscle, gender and age. Meat Sci 2020; 169:108208. [PMID: 32554318 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The carcass yields and physiochemical meat quality characteristics of six different muscles (biceps femoris, infraspinatus, longissimus thoracis et lumborum, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, supraspinatus) for different sex and age groups of gemsbok antelope were determined. No live weight nor dressing percentage differences were observed for the different sex groups. While muscles, age and sex had an influence on the physiochemical parameters investigated, these differences were minor. The CIE Lab colour values for all muscles, age and sexes were in line with those deemed acceptable for game meat, while mean crude protein (20.7%) and fat (1.6%) levels were typical of game species. Discriminant analysis revealed no differentiation among the muscle groups for the variables measured. Thus, at similar live weights, male and female (sub-adult) gemsbok can be considered of equivalent meat quality and marketed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia.
| | - Diana L van Schalkwyk
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Muller
- Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 961/129, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Berndt J van Rensburg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kenneth W McMillin
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4210, United States
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Soriano A, Murillo P, Perales M, Sánchez-García C, Murillo JA, García Ruiz A. Nutritional quality of wild Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) meat: Effects of sex and hunting period. Meat Sci 2020; 168:108189. [PMID: 32447187 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The proximate composition, energetic value, minerals, B-group vitamins and pH value of the loin (longissimus thoracis) of 71 wild Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), were evaluated in stags and hinds hunted in autumn and winter. In autumn, meat had a higher content of moisture, K, Na, Zn and thiamine when compared to winter, in which higher content of proteins and P were detected. Meat from stags had a higher moisture, Na, Zn and folic acid content, while hinds provided optimal pH values (<5.8) in higher proportions than stags. Considering European Unions nutrition and health claims, deer loin has a high content of proteins, Zn, vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), and a low content of fat and sodium/salt, being a source of P, Fe, Cu and vitamins B2 (riboflavin) and B3 (niacin). Additionally, health claims related to children's development could be attributed to this meat, which may increase the interest on deer meat from consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Soriano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Chemistries, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Pablo Murillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Chemistries, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Martín Perales
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Chemistries, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Murillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Chemistries, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonia García Ruiz
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, School of Engineers Agronomist, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Cawthorn DM, Fitzhenry LB, Kotrba R, Bureš D, Hoffman LC. Chemical Composition of Wild Fallow Deer ( Dama Dama) Meat from South Africa: A Preliminary Evaluation. Foods 2020; 9:E598. [PMID: 32392786 PMCID: PMC7278756 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fallow deer are abundant in South Africa, these cervids remain undervalued as a domestic protein source and little information exists on their meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral compositions of the meat from wild fallow deer (n = 6 male, n = 6 female) harvested in South Africa, as affected by sex and muscle. Proximate analyses were conducted on six muscles (longissimus thoracis et lumborum [LTL], biceps femoris [BF], semimembranosus [SM], semitendinosus [ST], infraspinatus [IS], supraspinatus [SS]), whereas mineral analyses were conducted on the LTL and BF. The proximate composition of the muscles ranged from 73.3-76.2% moisture, 20.4-23.1% protein, 2.2-3.2% fat, and 1.1-1.5% ash. Proximate composition was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced by muscle, but not by sex. The primary essential macro- and micro-minerals determined in the LTL and BF were potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and magnesium, as well as iron, zinc, and copper, with more variation in concentrations occurring with muscle than with sex. Minerals in the muscles contributing most notably to human recommended dietary requirements were potassium, iron, copper, and zinc. These findings indicate that wild fallow deer meat is a nutritious food source and should enhance utilisation of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna-Mareè Cawthorn
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7600, South Africa; (D.-M.C.); (L.B.F.)
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Cnr R40 and D725 Roads, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - Leon Brett Fitzhenry
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7600, South Africa; (D.-M.C.); (L.B.F.)
| | - Radim Kotrba
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic;
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, 104 00 Prague 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Bureš
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic;
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, 104 00 Prague 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Louwrens C. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7600, South Africa; (D.-M.C.); (L.B.F.)
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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11
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Needham T, Engels RA, Bureš D, Kotrba R, van Rensburg BJ, Hoffman LC. Carcass Yields and Physiochemical Meat Quality of Semi-extensive and Intensively Farmed Impala ( Aepyceros melampus). Foods 2020; 9:foods9040418. [PMID: 32260057 PMCID: PMC7230698 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of sex and production systems on carcass yield, meat quality and proximate composition of sub-adult impala were evaluated by culling 35 impala from intensive (12 males) and semi-extensive (12 males and 11 females) production systems within the same game farm. While no sexual dimorphism was found for carcass weights, male impala had a higher dressing percentage than females, indicating a higher meat production potential. Few differences were observed for yields between the male impala from the different production systems, but physical meat quality parameters indicated possible stress for those kept intensively. Minor differences existed in physiochemical parameters between various impala muscles for the two sexes and production systems, providing little motivation for these factors to be considered when processing sub-adult impala carcasses. Impala meat from both sexes, all muscles and all production systems produced meat with shear force values below 43 N, and thus may be considered as tender. Furthermore, the proximate composition of all impala meat in this study ranged from 74.7 to 77.0 g/100g moisture, 20.7 to 23.5 g/100g protein, 1.2 to 2.2 g/100g fat and 1.1 to 1.3 g/100g ash content. These values compare favorably to other game species, indicating that impala meat may serve as a lean protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (T.N.); (R.K.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Retha A. Engels
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Daniel Bureš
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Prague 10-Uhříněves, Czech Republic;
- Department of Food Quality, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague–Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kotrba
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic; (T.N.); (R.K.)
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Prague 10- Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | | | - Louwrens C. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
- Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains 4108, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4-1798-4547
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12
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Li M, Zi X, Tang J, Xu T, Gu L, Zhou H. Effects of cassava foliage on feed digestion, meat quality, and antioxidative status of geese. Poult Sci 2020; 99:423-429. [PMID: 32416827 PMCID: PMC7587742 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the by-product of cassava, cassava foliage (CF) has been widely used in livestock feed. However, little information is available on its utilization for geese. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of CF on the feed digestion, meat quality, and antioxidative status of geese. A total of 108 male Hainan indigenous geese (28-days-old) with similar body weight were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups, and the geese were fed for 42 D on either the control diet (CON) consisting of ground maize, soybean meal, and wheat bran, or the experimental diet composed of ground maize, soybean meal, and wheat bran supplemented with 5% (CF1) or 10% (CF2) CF. Dietary nutrient digestibility, physicochemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid composition of meat, and antioxidative status of geese were evaluated. The results showed that supplementation of CF in goose diets enhanced the feed digestion and affected the meat quality. In addition, supplementation of CF had beneficial effects on the regulation of amino acid and fatty acid profiles in muscle tissues. Moreover, such supplementation had no significant effect on antioxidative status. Taken together, goose diet containing 5% CF was recommended based on feed efficiency and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Xuejuan Zi
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China; Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Lihong Gu
- Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571700, Hainan, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
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13
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Hoffman LC, van Schalkwyk DL, Muller NM, van Rensburg BJ, McMillin KW. Carcass Yields and Physicochemical Meat Quality Characteristics of Namibian Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) as Influenced by Muscle, Sex and Age. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2019.05.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation determined the carcass yields of Namibian springbok and compared the physicochemical meat quality characteristics of 6 different muscles (biceps femoris, infraspinatus, Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and supraspinatus) from different sex and age groups. Although the adult male slaughter weights (40.44 ± 1.88 kg) did not differ from that of the adult female slaughter weights (36.61 ± 0.50), the adult males were heavier than both sexes from the sub-adults. No differences were observed for dressing percentages between sex nor age groups. The infraspinatus muscle showed the lowest shear force values in adult male springbok and in both sub-adult male and female springbok and can be described as the more tender muscle. The infraspinatus and Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles of the adult male springbok group showed the lowest cooking losses. The supraspinatus and semitendinosus muscles from the sub-adult groups tended to have the highest L* and thus the lightest meat. No major differences were observed for protein content between the different sex and age groups although the muscles of the different sex and age groups had a noticeably higher fat content (above 3%). Discriminant analysis revealed no differentiation among the different muscle groups for the variables measured. Neither springbok sex nor age influenced any of the meat quality parameters although older animals tended to have heavier carcasses, therefore the decision of which sex and/or age group to cull will depend on the springbok management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louwrens C. Hoffman
- University of Queensland Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
| | | | - Nina M. Muller
- Stellenbosch University Department of Food Science and Technology
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14
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Lorenzo JM, Maggiolino A, Gallego L, Pateiro M, Serrano MP, Domínguez R, García A, Landete-Castillejos T, De Palo P. Effect of age on nutritional properties of Iberian wild red deer meat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1561-1567. [PMID: 30144080 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the effect of age (L, less than 27 months old; M, from 27 to 42 months old; H, 43 months and older) on the fatty acid profile, cholesterol content, amino acid composition and mineral content of 150 Iberian wild red deer meat samples. RESULTS Intramuscular fat content increased (P < 0.05) with age (0.05 vs 0.12 vs 0.34% for L, M and H groups respectively), while cholesterol content decreased (P < 0.05) as the slaughter age increased (52.78 vs 48.72 vs 45.34 mg per 100 g meat for L, M and H groups respectively). The slaughter age showed differences among groups for saturated fatty acids, with the highest content in older animals (30.41 vs 34.55 vs 38.21% for L, M and H groups respectively), whereas younger deer displayed the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid levels (50.05 vs 45.24 vs 37.55% for L, M and H groups respectively). The n-6/n-3 ratio was more favorable (P < 0.05) for young and medium ages compared with that for older animals. In contrast, amino acid profile and mineral content were only slightly affected by age. CONCLUSION As a general conclusion, wild red deer meat could be considered a good alternative to red meats for human consumption. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Laureano Gallego
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Albacete Section of CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Martina Pérez Serrano
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Albacete Section of CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Andrés García
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Albacete Section of CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Tomás Landete-Castillejos
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Albacete Section of CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes of Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
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15
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Chai J, Diao Q, Zhao J, Wang H, Deng K, Qi M, Nie M, Zhang N. Effects of rearing system on meat quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of Hu lambs. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1178-1186. [PMID: 29790624 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effects of early rearing system on meat quality traits, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of meat, 48 Hu lambs were selected and randomly divided into four treatments: control lambs were ewe-reared from birth to 60 days of age (ER), while treatment lambs were segregated from their dams at 10, 20 and 30 days of age, then artificially reared with milk replacer until 60 days of age (EW10, EW20 and EW30, respectively). All lambs had no access to the milk replacer or their dams from 61 to 90 days. Creep feed was supplied ad libitum to all lambs from 15 to 90 days of age. Artificially reared lambs (EW10, EW20 and EW30) had higher (p < .05) creep feed intake, average daily gain, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, meat ether extract content, bright meat color (lightness and yellowness) than ewe-reared lambs. The content of unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in EW10 and EW20 were greater (p < .05) than that in ER, whereas the proportions of saturated fatty acids in EW10 and EW20 were lower than that in ER (p < .05). The percentages of C18:0, C18:2, C18:3 and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids of artificially reared lambs were greater than ewe-reared lambs (p < .05). The meat proportions of leucine, alanine and proline were higher (p < .05) in artificially reared lambs than ewe-reared ones. Finally, the artificially reared system increased meat production and changed the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of meat, and it would be appropriate to rear Hu lambs artificially from 10 days with milk replacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaidong Deng
- College of Animal Science, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minli Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Hoffman LC, Hildebrandt WR, Leslie AJ. Chemical Composition of African Savanna Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Meat. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3957/056.048.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louwrens C. Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty AgriSciences, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch University, 7602 South Africa
| | - Walter R. Hildebrandt
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty AgriSciences, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch University, 7602 South Africa
| | - Alison J. Leslie
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty AgriSciences, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch University, 7602 South Africa
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17
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Carcass and meat characteristics from farm-raised and wild fallow deer (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus): A review. Meat Sci 2018; 141:9-27. [PMID: 29558697 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deer species are utilised for food, hunting and other products throughout the world. Consumers are typically exposed to venison derived predominantly from both farm-raised or wild fallow (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). The production of venison under farm conditions, compared to the meat of deer hunted in the wild, allows for a regular supply of a consistently good meat. It is lean, tasty, and rich in proteins and minerals, with a low content of fat and cholesterol. Overall, the worldwide demand for meat is still growing, and both the potential of farming deer species and their use as meat producers have led to an increased interest in venison. The current knowledge about various factors (e.g. nutrition, age, sex, condition, season) affecting venison and game meat has significantly increased during past decades but information regarding the interaction between production system or pre- and post-slaughter handling and ultimate deer meat quality are still very limited.
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18
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Mattiello S, Caroprese M, Crovetto GM, Fortina R, Martini A, Martini M, Parisi G, Russo C, Severini C, Zecchini M. Typical edible non-dairy animal products in Africa from local animal resources. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1348915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria–Laboratorio di Benessere animale, Etologia applicata e Produzioni sostenibili, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Fortina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari and CISAO–Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca e Cooperazione Tecnico-Scientifica con l’Africa, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mina Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Severini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Zecchini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria–Laboratorio di Benessere animale, Etologia applicata e Produzioni sostenibili, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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North MK, Hoffman LC. Effect of Sex and Muscle on the Fiber-Type Composition and Cross-Sectional Area of Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) Muscle. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.9437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the fiber-type composition and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of male and female springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Frozen samples from 4 male and 3 female springbok were fiber-typed immunohistochemically using the primary antibodies A4.74, BA-D5 and BF-35. The CSA of the fibers was determined using the software Image J. Type IIX fibers accounted for 64 to 77% of the fibers in all samples, with type IIA (12.7 to 19.1%), type IIAX (6.4 to 9.3%) and type I (2.4 to 8.5%) making smaller (P < 0.001) contributions. Female springboks’ muscles contained more type IIX fibers than males’ (P = 0.004) and the BF contained more type I fibers and fewer type IIA and IIAX fibers than the LTL (P < 0.001). CSA values did not differ between sexes or muscles; however, they increased with apparent fiber glycolytic capacity (I < IIA < IIAX < IIX; P < 0.001). The glycolytic nature suggested by the fiber-type composition of springbok muscle found in this study is in contrast with previous reports on the physicochemical nature of springbok meat. This casts doubt on the application of standard associations between fiber-type and meat quality to this species. However, it may provide some explanation for the low shear force values found for springbok meat in previous studies.
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20
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North MK, Hoffman LC. Effect of Sex and Muscle on the Fiber-Type Composition and Cross-Sectional Area of Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) Muscle. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2017.01.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the fiber-type composition and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of male and female springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Frozen samples from 4 male and 3 female springbok were fiber-typed immunohistochemically using the primary antibodies A4.74, BA-D5 and BF-35. The CSA of the fibers was determined using the software Image J. Type IIX fibers accounted for 64 to 77% of the fibers in all samples, with type IIA (12.7 to 19.1%), type IIAX (6.4 to 9.3%) and type I (2.4 to 8.5%) making smaller (P < 0.001) contributions. Female springboks’ muscles contained more type IIX fibers than males’ (P = 0.004) and the BF contained more type I fibers and fewer type IIA and IIAX fibers than the LTL (P < 0.001). CSA values did not differ between sexes or muscles; however, they increased with apparent fiber glycolytic capacity (I < IIA < IIAX < IIX; P < 0.001). The glycolytic nature suggested by the fiber-type composition of springbok muscle found in this study is in contrast with previous reports on the physicochemical nature of springbok meat. This casts doubt on the application of standard associations between fiber-type and meat quality to this species. However, it may provide some explanation for the low shear force values found for springbok meat in previous studies.
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21
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Swanepoel M, Leslie AJ, Rijst MVD, Hoffman LC. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) Meat. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3957/056.046.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Comparative analyses of the chemical and sensory parameters and consumer preference of a semi-dried smoked meat product (cabanossi) produced with warthog ( Phacochoerus africanus ) and domestic pork meat. Meat Sci 2016; 114:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Factors influencing the flavour of game meat: A review. Meat Sci 2016; 113:139-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Hoffman LC, Schalkwyk DLV, McMillin KW, Kotrba R. Intramuscular Fat Characteristics of Namibian Common Eland (Tragelaphus oryx). AFRICAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3957/056.045.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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25
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North M, Hoffman L. Changes in springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle during conditioning as assessed by a trained sensory panel. Meat Sci 2015; 108:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Geldenhuys G, Hoffman LC, Muller N. The fatty acid, amino acid, and mineral composition of Egyptian goose meat as affected by season, gender, and portion. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1075-87. [PMID: 25810407 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the current absence of scientific information on the nutritive aspects it is essential to investigate the fatty acid, mineral, and amino acid composition of Egyptian geese as well as the factors of influence. The forage vs. grain based diets of Egyptian geese during certain periods of the yr leads to variation in the content of the key fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. The differences in these fatty acids results in variation between the n-6/n-3 ratios of the seasons; the portions from winter (July) are within the recommendations (ratio <5) and those from summer (November) not. This study indicates that Egyptian goose meat does not only vary in nutritional composition but season may also have a substantial effect on the flavor profile and ultimate uniformity of the meat. The season and portion effects were, however, interlinked but the general tendency shows that the portions, especially the breast and thigh do differ concerning the major fatty acids. No substantial differences were found in the mineral composition of the breast portion on account of season and gender; however there were some variation in certain amino acids such as lysine and arginine due to season/diet. This research provides essential information that should be considered not only regarding the everyday consumption of Egyptian goose meat but the potential utilization and ultimate consistency of this meat product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Geldenhuys
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa
| | - Nina Muller
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa
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Lopes AF, Alfaia CM, Partidário AM, Lemos JP, Prates JA. Influence of household cooking methods on amino acids and minerals of Barrosã-PDO veal. Meat Sci 2015; 99:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Impact of season on the fatty acid profiles of male and female blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) muscles. Meat Sci 2014; 98:599-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Swanepoel M, Leslie AJ, Hoffman LC. The Influence of Season and Sex on the Carcass Yield of Common Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3957/056.044.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Neethling J, Hoffman LC, Britz TJ. Impact of season on the chemical composition of male and female blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) muscles. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:424-431. [PMID: 23794364 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harvesting and consumption of game meat in South Africa is not limited to season. The study was thus aimed at investigating the seasonal impact on the chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash contents) of male and female blesbok muscles (N = 32; longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, infraspinatus and supraspinatus). RESULTS A significant interaction (P ≤ 0.01) existed between season and muscle type. Selected muscles had higher (P ≤ 0.01) mean protein contents with a higher plane of nutrition (spring of 2009), while longissimus dorsi muscles had the highest (P ≤ 0.01) mean intramuscular fat content (33.52 g kg⁻¹). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.82; P ≤ 0.01) existed between the muscles' moisture and protein content. The chemical composition of blesbok semimembranosus muscles was significantly different between seasons, while the other muscles were least affected by seasonal differences in blesbok plane of nutrition and activity levels. CONCLUSION The seasonal and muscle differences were statistically significant, but numerically small. It is therefore debatable whether this is of biological relevance relating to human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Neethling
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Hoffman LC, Cawthorn D. Exotic protein sources to meet all needs. Meat Sci 2013; 95:764-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Magwedere K, Shilangale R, Mbulu RS, Hemberger Y, Hoffman LC, Dziva F. Microbiological quality and potential public health risks of export meat from springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) in Namibia. Meat Sci 2012; 93:73-8. [PMID: 22944735 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To assess the microbiological quality and safety of export game meat; i) a total of 80 pooled meat samples for aerobic plate count (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae ii) water used in harvesting and processing for microbiological quality and iii) meat and rectal contents for Salmonella spp. and Shiga toxin Escherichia coli (STEC) were evaluated in 2009 and 2010. No differences (p>0.05) in the APCs were observed between the years, but the mean Enterobacteriaceae count for 2009 was 1.33 ± 0.69 log(10)cfu/cm(2) compared to 2.93 ± 1.50 log(10)cfu/cm(2) for 2010. Insignificant Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) levels were detected in 9/23 field water samples, while fecal bacterial (coliforms, Clostridium perfringens and enterococci) were absent in all samples. No Salmonella spp. was isolated and all E. coli isolates from meat were negative for STEC virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA), suggesting a negligible role by springbok in the epidemiology of STEC and Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Magwedere
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Maitland 7602, South Africa.
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Hoffman L, Mostert A, Kidd M, Laubscher L. Meat quality of kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and impala (Aepyceros melampus): Carcass yield, physical quality and chemical composition of kudu and impala Longissimus dorsi muscle as affected by gender and age. Meat Sci 2009; 83:788-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hoffman LC, Schalkwyk SV, Muller N. Effect of Season and Gender on the Physical and Chemical Composition of Black Wildebeest (Connochaetus gnou) Meat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3957/056.039.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Hoffman L. The yield and nutritional value of meat from African ungulates, camelidae, rodents, ratites and reptiles. Meat Sci 2008; 80:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hoffman LC, Smit K, Muller N. Chemical characteristics of blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) meat. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Meat quality characteristics of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). 4: Sensory meat evaluation as influenced by age, gender and production region. Meat Sci 2007; 76:774-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hoffman LC, Kroucamp M, Manley M. Meat quality characteristics of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). 3: Fatty acid composition as influenced by age, gender and production region. Meat Sci 2007; 76:768-73. [PMID: 22061256 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of age, gender and production region on the fatty acid composition of springbok Musculus longissimus dorsi (LD) were investigated. The major fatty acid of the LD muscle was stearic acid (C18:0), which contributed 23.92-27.02%. Oleic acid (C18:1) represented the largest component (16.33-20.45%) of the mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The major n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was C18:2n-6, which formed 18.77-21.62%, whereas C18:3n-3 (3.33-4.00%) was the most abundant n-3 PUFA. The n-6:n-3 ratio of the meat varied from 3.02 to 3.35, with an average ratio of 3.2. Polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) ratios varied between 0.96 and 1.18 and averaged at 1.06. Total MUFA was found to be higher (P<0.05) in males (20.99%) than females (16.67%). The cholesterol content of the meat varied from 54.45 to 59.34mg/100g muscle. Linear correlations between the fatty acid and the intramuscular fat (IMF) content indicated a significant increase in certain saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids with increasing IMF content of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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