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Mannino GC, Mancuso E, Sbrignadello S, Morettini M, Andreozzi F, Tura A. Chemical Compounds and Ambient Factors Affecting Pancreatic Alpha-Cells Mass and Function: What Evidence? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16489. [PMID: 36554367 PMCID: PMC9778390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to different substances present in the environment can affect the ability of the human body to maintain glucose homeostasis. Some review studies summarized the current evidence about the relationships between environment and insulin resistance or beta-cell dysfunction. Instead, no reviews focused on the relationships between the environment and the alpha cell, although in recent years clear indications have emerged for the pivotal role of the alpha cell in glucose regulation. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze the studies about the effects of chemical, biological, and physical environmental factors on the alpha cell. Notably, we found studies focusing on the effects of different categories of compounds, including air pollutants, compounds of known toxicity present in common objects, pharmacological agents, and compounds possibly present in food, plus studies on the effects of physical factors (mainly heat exposure). However, the overall number of relevant studies was limited, especially when compared to studies related to the environment and insulin sensitivity or beta-cell function. In our opinion, this was likely due to the underestimation of the alpha-cell role in glucose homeostasis, but since such a role has recently emerged with increasing strength, we expect several new studies about the environment and alpha-cell in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Morettini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padova, Italy
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Barati E, Ghazizadeh H, Sadabadi F, Kazemi E, Ferns GA, Avan A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association of the IL6 Gene Polymorphism with Component Features of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Subjects. Biochem Genet 2019; 57:695-708. [PMID: 30989422 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a component of the metabolic syndrome. Several genetic variants are reported to be associated with obesity and hypo adiponectinemia, including ars1800796 polymorphism of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene. Since obesity is associated with inflammatory factors, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between this polymorphism and MetS and its related features. Obese patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (n = 182) were recruited into this study and divided into two groups; 110 patients with MetS, based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and 72 subjects without MetS. The anthropometric and biochemical data for the groups were compared. Genotyping was carried out using RT-PCR. The association of the genetic polymorphism with MetS and its components were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyzes. There was an association between the presence of the rs1800796polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, with BMI (P = 0.031), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.010) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.037), while this genetic variant did not show any significant association with the presence of MetS as defined by the IDF. We demonstrate an association between the rs1800796 genetic variant of the IL-6 gene with components of MetS including BMI, and HDL-cholesterol, but not the MetS itself. Therefore, supporting further studies are warranted to investigate this point in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Barati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadabadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 99199-91766, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hu M, Yu Z, Luo D, Zhang H, Li J, Liang F, Chen R. Association between -174G>C polymorphism in the IL-6 promoter region and the risk of obesity: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11773. [PMID: 30113463 PMCID: PMC6112883 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many researchers have suggested that the -174G>C polymorphism in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter region contributes to the risk of obesity; however, this hypothesis is still inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to combine the data from several studies to arrive at a conclusion regarding the association between -174G>C polymorphism and the risk of obesity. METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to February 20, 2018. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity were also performed. RESULTS Ten eligible studies involving 7210 cases were performed to identify the association strength. The association strength was measured by the ORs and 95% CIs. By pooling the eligible studies, we found a significant association between the -174G>C polymorphism and obesity risk (C vs G: OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.08-1.74; Pheterogeneity < .01). Overall, individuals with the variant CC (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.09-2.28; Pheterogeneity < 0.01) and GC/CC (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.13-2.29; Pheterogeneity < .01) were associated with a significantly increased risk of obesity. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis results suggested that the polymorphism -174G>C in the IL-6 promoter region was associated with a significantly increased risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College
| | - Zhaomin Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Jinxiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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The importance of gene-environment interactions in human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1571-97. [PMID: 27503943 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide obesity epidemic has been mainly attributed to lifestyle changes. However, who becomes obese in an obesity-prone environment is largely determined by genetic factors. In the last 20 years, important progress has been made in the elucidation of the genetic architecture of obesity. In parallel with successful gene identifications, the number of gene-environment interaction (GEI) studies has grown rapidly. This paper reviews the growing body of evidence supporting gene-environment interactions in the field of obesity. Heritability, monogenic and polygenic obesity studies provide converging evidence that obesity-predisposing genes interact with a variety of environmental, lifestyle and treatment exposures. However, some skepticism remains regarding the validity of these studies based on several issues, which include statistical modelling, confounding, low replication rate, underpowered analyses, biological assumptions and measurement precision. What follows in this review includes (1) an introduction to the study of GEI, (2) the evidence of GEI in the field of obesity, (3) an outline of the biological mechanisms that may explain these interaction effects, (4) methodological challenges associated with GEI studies and potential solutions, and (5) future directions of GEI research. Thus far, this growing body of evidence has provided a deeper understanding of GEI influencing obesity and may have tremendous applications in the emerging field of personalized medicine and individualized lifestyle recommendations.
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IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine gene variants of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with co-morbid diabetes mellitus and their household contacts in Hyderabad. Gene 2017; 627:298-306. [PMID: 28652186 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Association of cytokine genes reflects their susceptibility towards infection and disease in household contacts (HHC) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Hyperglycemia, a common factor in diabetics might influence their risk towards mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease development. This study determines the association of IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine gene variants of TB patients with diabetes mellitus (TBDM) and their HHC in Hyderabad. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-6 (-174 G>C and -572 G>C) and IL-18 (-137 G>C and -607 C>A) cytokine genes were genotyped by Amplification Refractory Mutation System and Restriction Fragment Length polymerase chain reaction in total of 705 subjects comprising of TBDM, their HHC, PTB, DM and Healthy controls (HC). RESULTS At IL-6 -174G>C variant, GG genotype, G allele in TBDM and TBDM HHC, at -572G>C variant, C allele in TBDM and GG haplotype in TBDM HHC were showing positive association, however DM have not shown any association at IL-6 polymorphic sites. With respect to the IL-18 gene polymorphisms, at -137 G>C variant, GG genotype was positively associated in PTB while at -607 C>A variant positive association was shown with AC genotype in TBDM, their HHC and DM; GACC diplotype in TBDM and GCGC in PTB. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that susceptible combination of IL-6 and IL-18 cytokine genes associated with disease in the HHCs highlight their risk of inclination towards the disease.
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Todendi PF, Possuelo LG, Klinger EI, Reuter CP, Burgos MS, Moura DJ, Fiegenbaum M, Valim ARDM. Low-grade inflammation markers in children and adolescents: Influence of anthropometric characteristics and CRP and IL6 polymorphisms. Cytokine 2016; 88:177-183. [PMID: 27643980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with chronic and subclinical inflammation due to an imbalance of inflammatory mediators. However, the association with gene polymorphism has been rarely studied in children. The aim of this study was to determine if serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are related to the IL6 rs1800795, IL6 rs2069845 and CRP rs1205 polymorphisms (SNPs) according to body mass index (BMI) in a sample of children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study in 470 students between 7 and 17yearsof age of anthropometric characteristics, high sensitivity-CRP (Hs-CRP) and IL-6 levels and three SNPs genotyped. The prevalence ratio of hs-CRP>3mg/L in obese individuals was 4.15 (CI 2.43-7.06; p=0.01), and it was 1.91 (CI 1.03-3.55; p=0.03) in overweight individuals and 1.74 (CI 1.05-2.88 p=0.03) in females. Individuals with waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BF%) alterations showed elevated levels of hs-CRP (p=4.3×10-5 and p=5.3×10-6). The combination of any two anthropometric measurement increases CRP levels, especially combinations with obesity body mass index (BMI): BMI+WC and BMI+BF%. Among the overweight/obesity group, T allele carriers of CRP rs1205 showed lower levels of hs-CRP (0.5, IQR=0.3-1.8mg/L) than CC homozygotes (1.5, IQR=0.4-3.4mg/L, p=0.018). Additionally, considering subjects with two or three anthropometric alterations for CRP rs1205: rs1205 T allele carriers had lower levels of hs-CRP (0.7, IQR=0.3-2.7mg/L) than CC homozygotes (1.2, IQR=0.5-3.5mg/L, p=0.02). In conclusion, carriers of the rs1205/T allele with higher BMIs had lower levels of hs-CRP. Schoolchildren who were overweight/obese had higher levels of CRP and IL-6, whereas individuals with WC and BF% alterations had higher levels of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Todendi
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - L G Possuelo
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - E I Klinger
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - C P Reuter
- Department of Physical Education and Health and the Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - M S Burgos
- Department of Physical Education and Health and the Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - D J Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - M Fiegenbaum
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Andréia Rosane de Moura Valim
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Post-Graduation Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Banerjee M, Saxena M. Genetic polymorphisms of cytokine genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:493-504. [PMID: 25126395 PMCID: PMC4127584 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a combined metabolic disorder which includes hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, stroke and several other complications. Various groups all over the world are relentlessly working out the possible role of a vast number of genes associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Inflammation is an important outcome of any kind of imbalance in the body and is therefore an indicator of several diseases, including T2DM. Various ethnic populations around the world show different levels of variations in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The present review was undertaken to explore the association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with T2DM in populations of different ethnicities. This will lead to the understanding of the role of cytokine genes in T2DM risk and development. Association studies of genotypes of SNPs present in cytokine genes will help to identify risk haplotype(s) for disease susceptibility by developing prognostic markers and alter treatment strategies for T2DM and related complications. This will enable individuals at risk to take prior precautionary measures and avoid or delay the onset of the disease. Future challenges will be to understand the genotypic interactions between SNPs in one cytokine gene or several genes at different loci and study their association with T2DM.
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Saxena M, Agrawal C, Srivastava N, Banerjee M. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-597 A/G (rs1800797) & -174 G/C (rs1800795) gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes. Indian J Med Res 2014; 140:60-8. [PMID: 25222779 PMCID: PMC4181162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Diabetes is a metabolic pro-inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia and increased levels of circulating cytokines suggesting a causal role for inflammation in its aetiology. In order to decipher the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) we analyzed two promoter polymorphisms -597 A/G (rs1800797) and -174 G/C (rs1800795) in T2DM cases from north India, and in healthy controls. METHODS DNA was isolated from venous blood samples of T2DM patients (n=213) and normal healthy controls (n=145). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed after biochemical analysis. The genotypic and allelic frequency distributions were analyzed. RESULTS The clinical/biochemical parameters of T2DM cases when compared to controls showed a significant difference. No significant association was observed with -597A/G polymorphism while, -174 G/C showed a highly significant association (P<0.001). In haplotypic analysis, combination of -597GFNx01/-174CFNx01 showed significant association (P=0.010). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IL-6 gene polymorphisms play a prominent role in T2DM disease susceptibility in population from north India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukar Saxena
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - C.G. Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Neena Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India,Reprint requests: Dr Monisha Banerjee, Molecular & Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India e-mail: ,
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Yin YW, Qiao L, Sun QQ, Hu AM, Liu HL, Wang Q, Hou ZZ. Influence of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism on development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population: a meta-analysis of 29 studies. Metabolism 2014; 63:532-41. [PMID: 24439487 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Published data regarding the association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in Chinese Han population were inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between this variant and T2DM risk in Chinese Han population, we performed this meta-analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS A computerized literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies from PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CBMdisc, CNKI, and Google Scholar. Additionally, hand searching of the references of identified articles was performed. All the statistical tests were performed using Stata 11.0. RESULTS A total of 29 articles with 4615 T2DM cases and 2867 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed evidence for significant association between ApoE gene polymorphism and T2DM risk (for ε2/ε3 vs. ε3/ε3: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.12-1.68, P<0.01; for ε3/ε4 vs. ε3/ε3: OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.23-1.91, P<0.01; for ε4/ε4 vs. ε3/ε3: OR=1.86, 95% CI=1.22-2.84, P<0.01; for ε2 allele vs. ε3 allele: OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.08-1.52, P=0.01; for ε4 allele vs. ε3 allele: OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.22-1.68, P<0.01). In addition, significant association was also found between ApoE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk. CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the ApoE ε2 and ε4 alleles may be associated with increased risks of T2DM and DN in Chinese Han population. Additional well-designed genome-wide association studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Yin
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Sun
- Jinsong Sanatorium of Beijing Air Force, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Min Hu
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Hou
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Air Force General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Méndez JP, Rojano-Mejía D, Coral-Vázquez RM, Coronel A, Pedraza J, Casas MJ, Soriano R, García-García E, Vilchis F, Canto P. Impact of genetic variants of IL-6, IL6R, LRP5, ESR1 and SP7 genes on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with obesity. Gene 2013; 528:216-20. [PMID: 23891823 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since obesity and osteoporosis present a high genetic predisposition and polymorphisms of IL-6, IL6R, LRP5, ESR1 and SP7 may influence the risk of both diseases, the aim of this study was to analyze the possible association of polymorphisms in these genes, as well as their haplotypes, with BMD variations in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with grade 2 or grade 3 obesity. METHODS One hundred eighty unrelated postmenopausal women with grade 2 or grade 3 obesity were included. BMD was measured in total hip and lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNA was obtained from blood leukocytes. Rs1800795 of IL-6, rs2228145 of IL6R, rs3736228 of LRP5, rs9340799 (XbaI) and rs2234693 (PvuII), of ESR1, rs10876432 and rs2016266, of SP7 (and their haplotypes), were studied by real-time PCR allelic discrimination. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were tested. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms was calculated by direct correlation r(2), and haplotype analysis was conducted. RESULTS Using WHO criteria, 54.5% had grade 2 obesity, and 45.5% had grade 3 obesity. Regarding DXA results, 11.1% women had osteoporosis, 41.7% had osteopenia, and 47.2% had normal BMD. Genotype and haplotype analysis showed no significant differences with BMD variations at the lumbar spine, total hip or femoral neck. CONCLUSIONS We did not find a significant association between the polymorphisms analyzed or their haplotypes and BMD variations in postmenopausal women with obesity. The higher BMD observed in women with obesity could be the result of an adaptive response to the higher loading of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico
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Nadeem A, Naveed AK, Hussain MM, Aslam M, Siddiqui A, Saeed SA. Variations in association of Interleukin 6 -G174C single nucleotide polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus—a review. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-013-0147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Vaidya A, Underwood PC, Annes JP, Sun B, Williams GH, Forman JP, Williams JS. The influence of sodium- and calcium-regulatory hormone interventions on adipocytokines in obesity and diabetes. Metabolism 2013; 62:539-47. [PMID: 23142162 PMCID: PMC3572332 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone have all been implicated as regulators of adipocytokines and inflammation. We evaluated human interventional study protocols to investigate whether controlled modulations of these calcium- and sodium-regulatory hormones could influence adipocytokines and inflammation in obesity and diabetes. METHODS Post-hoc analyses of two separate human protocols (Protocol 1, n=14; Protocol 2, n=24) conducted in a clinical research setting after rigorous control of diet, posture, medications, and diurnal rhythm, were performed. Protocol 1 evaluated obese hypertensives with vitamin D deficiency who received an infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) before and after 1month of vitamin D3 therapy. Protocol 2 evaluated obese subjects with type 2 diabetes who also received AngII. Adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured before and after vitamin D3 therapy, and also before and after infusions of AngII. RESULTS Vitamin D3 therapy significantly raised 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, and lowered parathyroid hormone, but had no effect on concentrations of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, IL-6, PAI-1, urinary TGFβ1, or HOMA-IR. AngII infusions, despite significant elevations in blood pressure and serum aldosterone, did not influence adipocytokine concentrations in either protocol. CONCLUSION In contrast to prior studies conducted in healthy populations, or those that could not control major regulators of the RAAS or adipocytokines, we observed that robust modulations in calcium- and sodium-regulatory hormones did not influence adipocytokines or inflammation in obesity or diabetes. Adipose-tissue physiology in these conditions may alter the hormonal regulation of inflammatory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Vaidya
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Carey RM, Schoeffel CD, Gildea JJ, Jones JE, McGrath HE, Gordon LN, Park MJ, Sobota RS, Underwood PC, Williams J, Sun B, Raby B, Lasky-Su J, Hopkins PN, Adler GK, Williams SM, Jose PA, Felder RA. Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is associated with polymorphisms in the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter. Hypertension 2012; 60:1359-66. [PMID: 22987918 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.196071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the sodium-bicarbonate co-transporter gene (SLC4A5) are associated with hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that SNPs in SLC4A5 are associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure in 185 whites consuming an isocaloric constant diet with a randomized order of 7 days of low Na(+) (10 mmol/d) and 7 days of high Na(+) (300 mmol/d) intake. Salt sensitivity was defined as a ≥ 7-mm Hg increase in mean arterial pressure during a randomized transition between high and low Na(+) diet. A total of 35 polymorphisms in 17 candidate genes were assayed, 25 of which were tested for association. Association analyses with salt sensitivity revealed 3 variants that associated with salt sensitivity, 2 in SLC4A5 (P<0.001) and 1 in GRK4 (P=0.020). Of these, 2 SNPs in SLC4A5 (rs7571842 and rs10177833) demonstrated highly significant results and large effects sizes, using logistic regression. These 2 SNPs had P values of 1.0 × 10(-4) and 3.1 × 10(-4) with odds ratios of 0.221 and 0.221 in unadjusted regression models, respectively, with the G allele at both sites conferring protection. These SNPs remained significant after adjusting for body mass index and age (P=8.9 × 10(-5) and 2.6 × 10(-4) and odds ratios 0.210 and 0.286, respectively). Furthermore, the association of these SNPs with salt sensitivity was replicated in a second hypertensive population. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant associations of both SNPs with salt sensitivity (rs7571842 [P=1.2 × 10(-5)]; rs1017783 [P=1.1 × 10(-4)]). In conclusion, SLC4A5 variants are strongly associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure in 2 separate white populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Carey
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1414, USA.
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